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(11) | EP 3 872 016 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | SAFETY ARRANGEMENT FOR AN ELEVATOR ARRANGEMENT |
| (57) The safety arrangement for an elevator arrangement comprising a lower elevator (2a)
and an upper elevator (2b) arranged within a common elevator shaft (1a, 1b) which
comprises one or more physical barriers (13, 14) for forming a shared safety space
(4b) between a lower shaft portion (1a) and an upper shaft portion (1b) and is configured
to monitor a group of predetermined trigger events of the lower elevator and the upper
elevator, and to change the operational state of at least one of the lower elevator
and the upper elevator when a trigger event occurs.
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Technical field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a safety arrangement for an elevator arrangement in accordance with claim 1.
Background of the invention
[0002] High-rise buildings usually accommodate several elevators. The elevator configuration in such buildings typically depends on the people flow requirements of different floors in the building. For example, in a multi-purpose high-rise building, the top floors may be reserved for residential use while the lower floors may accommodate offices and businesses. In such case, some of the elevators may serve passengers on a floor-by-floor basis and others may serve as shuttle elevators, providing a fast transfer between the building entrance lobby and a so-called sky lobby for the residents to change to a floor-by-floor elevator serving the residential floors. Due to safety reasons, different elevators may be separated from each other. The shafts may be horizontally apart from each other, or vertically aligned, but separated by a concrete slab or other fixed structure.
[0003] The separate shafts allow safe maintenance and repair of the elevators. The upper end of each elevator shaft is provided with a top refuge space and the lower end with a pit refuge space. The refuge spaces ensure that a person working in the shaft does not get squeezed between a moving elevator and an end of the shaft. A drawback of the known solutions is that a significant amount of space is needed for the refuge spaces.
Summary of the invention
[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved safety arrangement for an elevator arrangement which comprises a lower elevator and an upper elevator arranged within an elevator shaft, the elevator shaft comprising a lower shaft portion, the lower shaft portion comprising at least a lowermost landing and an uppermost landing, and an upper shaft portion, the upper shaft portion comprising at least a lowermost landing and an uppermost landing, the lowermost landing of the upper shaft portion being above the uppermost landing of the lower shaft portion, each shaft portion being provided with an elevator car which is configured to move between the lowermost landing and the uppermost landing of the respective shaft portion. The characterizing features of the safety arrangement according to the invention are given in claim 1.
[0005] The safety arrangement according to the invention comprises one or more physical barriers for forming a shared safety space between the lower shaft portion and the upper shaft portion, and the safety arrangement is configured to monitor a group of predetermined trigger events of the lower elevator and the upper elevator, and to change the operational state of at least one of the lower elevator and the upper elevator when a trigger event occurs.
[0006] An elevator arrangement where two or more elevator cars are arranged to move within a common elevator shaft brings additional risk factors compared to normal elevators where a single elevator car serves the elevator shaft. The safety arrangement according to the invention improves the safety of the persons conducting service or repair work within the elevator shaft. Because of the barriers between the shaft portions, a safety space common to both shaft portions is formed, which saves space. By monitoring the trigger events and changing the operational state of at least one of the lower elevator and the upper elevator when a trigger event occurs, working is safe even in the area between the two shaft portions.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the invention, the safety arrangement is configured to change the operational state of both the lower elevator and the upper elevator when a trigger event occurs. In some cases, it is necessary to change the operational state of both elevators to ensure safety.
[0008] According to an embodiment of the invention, the safety arrangement is configured to switch both the lower elevator and the upper elevator to a safety mode when a trigger event occurs. In the safety mode, the operation of the elevators can be restricted in various ways. Switching to the safety mode can take place in connection with certain trigger events, whereas certain other trigger events can change the operational state of at least one of the elevators to another state.
[0009] According to an embodiment of the invention, the switching to the safety mode stops both the lower elevator car and the upper elevator car.
[0010] According to an embodiment of the invention, the switching to the safety mode prevents moving of at least one of the elevator cars.
[0011] According to an embodiment of the invention, the switching to the safety mode prevents moving of both the lower elevator car and the upper elevator car. It is also possible that only some of the trigger events are configured to prevent moving of both elevator cars, whereas some trigger events are configured to prevent moving of one of the elevator cars only.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the invention, the group of predetermined trigger events includes at least one of the following events: unlocking of a shaft access door for emergency or service opening, pushing of a stop button of the lower elevator or the upper elevator, and opening of a ladder within the elevator shaft. The trigger events may thus include events relating to access to the area between the shaft portions or to work conducted in the area.
[0013] According to an embodiment of the invention, the shaft access doors include the doors of the lowermost landing of the upper elevator and the doors of all landings of the lower elevator except for the lowermost landing. The shaft access doors can thus include those doors which provide access to the area between the shaft portions. The area can be accessed from the lowermost landing of the upper elevator or on the roof of the lower elevator car from any landing of the lower elevator, except for the lowermost landing.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the invention, the safety arrangement comprises a safety circuit shared by the lower elevator and the upper elevator. This allows a simple way of controlling the operation of both elevators. In addition to the shared safety circuit, each elevator can be provided with an own safety circuit.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the invention, the group of predetermined trigger events includes switching at least one of the elevators to an inspection drive mode.
[0016] According to an embodiment of the invention, switching one of the elevators to the inspection drive mode prevents moving of the other elevator.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the invention, the arrangement comprises means for detecting whether the elevator car of the lower elevator is at a predetermined inspection drive zone close to the uppermost landing of the lower elevator, and the upper elevator can be operated in an inspection drive mode only on the condition that the lower elevator is at the inspection drive zone. This ensures that the person conducting an inspection drive of the upper elevator is close to the upper elevator.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the invention, the elevator shaft is provided with a foldable or turnable ladder for providing access from the lowermost landing of the upper elevator to the roof of the elevator car of the lower elevator.
[0019] According to an embodiment of the invention, the ladder is provided with a locking arrangement preventing opening of the ladder to a use position when the elevator car of the lower elevator is not between the topmost position and the uppermost landing of the lower shaft portion. This ensures that the roof of the elevator car of the lower elevator can be used as safe platform when descending from the lowermost landing of the upper elevator.
[0020] According to an embodiment of the invention, the safety arrangement is configured to disable moving of the elevator car of the upper elevator when the ladder is not in a closed position.
Brief description of the drawings
[0021] Embodiments of the invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows schematically an elevator arrangement, where three elevator cars share a common elevator shaft,
Fig. 2a shows schematically two elevator cars at opposite ends of their respective shaft portions,
Fig. 2b shows the same view as Fig. 2a, but the elevator cars being against compressed end buffers,
Fig. 3 shows schematically a safety circuit arrangement,
Fig. 4 shows schematically another safety circuit arrangement,
Fig. 5 shows schematically a ladder arranged between successive shaft portions, and
Fig. 6 shows schematically a shared inspection drive control unit.
Description of embodiments of the invention
[0022] Figure 1 shows schematically an elevator arrangement. The elevator arrangement comprises three elevators: a lowermost elevator, a middle elevator and an uppermost elevator. The figure is very simplified and omits many features that are not important for describing the present invention. For instance, hoisting members, counterweights, end buffers and guide rails of the elevators are not shown.
[0023] The elevators share a common elevator shaft 1. The elevator shaft 1 extends in the vertical direction over a plurality of floors of a building and/or an underground space. The elevator shaft 1 is divided into shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c. The shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged one upon the other. The elevator shaft 1 of figure 1 comprises a lowermost shaft portion 1a, a middle shaft portion 1b and an uppermost shaft portion 1c. The middle shaft portion 1b is arranged above the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the uppermost shaft portion 1c is arranged above the middle shaft portion 1b. Each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c comprises at least two landings, i.e. at least a lowermost landing and an uppermost landing. In the example of figure 1, each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c comprises a lowermost landing 3aL, 3bL, 3cL and an uppermost landing 3aU, 3bU, 3cU. Between the lowermost landing and the uppermost landing there is a middle landing 3aM, 3bM, 3cM. There could also be several middle landings in each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c. The shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c do not have to have the same number of landings with each other, but there can be a different number of landings in each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c. Each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c is provided with an elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c. Each elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c is configured to move along the respective shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c. The elevator car 2a of the lowermost shaft portion 1a can thus move between the lowermost landing 3aL and the uppermost landing 3aU of the lowermost shaft portion 1a. Similarly, the elevator cars 2b, 2c of the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c can move between the lowermost and uppermost landings of the respective shaft portions 1b, 1c. Each elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c thus serves a dedicated portion of the elevator shaft 1. The lowermost elevator car 2a is configured to move below the middle shaft portion 1b, the middle elevator car 2b is configured to move above the lowermost shaft portion 1a and below the uppermost shaft portion 1c and the uppermost elevator 1c is configured to move above the middle shaft portion 1b. The elevator cars 2a, 2b, 2c are configured to move independently from each other.
[0024] Below and above each shaft portion 1a, 1b, 1c there is a safety space 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. The expression "safety space" refers here to a refuge space, to which the elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c cannot ascend or descend. The elevator shaft 1 is provided with physical barriers (not shown in figure 1) which prevent the elevator cars 2a, 2b, 2c to ascend or descend to the areas of the safety spaces 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. The height and other dimensions of the safety spaces 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d depend on regulations in the jurisdiction where the elevator arrangement is used. The safety spaces 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d allow safe inspection, maintenance and repair work within the elevator shaft 1.
[0025] A lowermost safety space 4a is formed in the pit of the lowermost elevator. An uppermost safety space 4d is formed in the headroom of the uppermost elevator. The elevator shaft 1 is open between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b. Similarly, the elevator shaft 1 is open between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c. There are thus no slabs or other similar barriers dividing the shaft 1 into the shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c. Between the shaft portions, there are physical barriers like buffers for forming the safety spaces 4b, 4c between the shaft portions, but there is an access from a lower shaft portion to an upper shaft portion and vice versa. Between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b there is a shared safety space 4b for the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator. Between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c there is a shared safety space 4c for the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator. Each of the shared safety spaces 4b, 4c is thus used as a common refuge space for both the lower elevator and the upper elevator.
[0026] As discussed above, the height required from the safety spaces depends on the relevant regulations. If the elevator shaft 1 was divided by means of slabs or similar constructions into the shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c, two separate safety spaces would be needed between two successive shaft portions. The minimum distance between two successive elevator cars would thus be two times the minimum height of a safety space plus the thickness of the slab or other construction dividing the elevator shaft plus a certain distance allowed for over travel of each elevator car. This means that the minimum floor-to-floor distance would be greater between the uppermost landing of a lower elevator and the lowermost landing of an upper elevator than between two landings of one of the elevators. By having a shared safety space between two shaft portions 1a, 1b, 1c, the required space between two successive elevators can be significantly reduced, which allows using the same floor height in the whole building. This is beneficial especially in buildings which are provided with high-rise elevators and low-rise elevators. For instance, transfer floors for a double-decker elevator can be made with one common stop for both cars of the double-decker elevator and the floor-to-floor distance of the transfer floors can be reduced.
[0027] The elevator shaft 1 is divided into different safety segments. The division into the safety segments is based on access into the safety spaces 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the elevator shaft 1. A first safety segment 26 extends from the bottom of the elevator shaft 1 to above the lowermost landing 3aL of the lowermost shaft portion 1a. The lowermost landing 3aL provides access only into the safety space 4a of the pit of the elevator shaft 1. A second safety segment 27 extends from below the next landing 3aM of the lowermost shaft portion 1a to above the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1b, because this segment 27 provides access into the shared safety space 4b between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b. A third safety segment 28 extends from below the landing 3bM that is located above the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1 b to above the lowermost landing 3cL of the uppermost shaft portion 1c. The landings within this segment 28 provide access to the shared safety space 4c between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c. A fourth safety segment 29 extends from above the lowermost landing 3cL of the uppermost shaft portion 1c to the top of the elevator shaft 1. The landings within this segment 29 provide access only to the safety space 4d of the headroom of the elevator shaft 1.
[0028] Figures 2a and 2b show physical barriers arranged between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b for forming the shared safety space 4b. The barriers comprise at least one buffer 13, 14 for each of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator and the elevator car 2b of the middle elevator. The barriers may further comprise buffers for the counterweights of the elevators. In the horizontal direction, the barriers delimit the safety space 4b. The safety space 4b is thus between the barriers. The purpose of the buffers is to stop the elevator car 2a, 2b or the counterweight if it descends or ascends beyond its normal moving range. The buffers 13, 14 are configured to accumulate or dissipate the kinetic energy of the elevator car 2a, 2b or the counterweight in case the elevator car 2a, 2b or the counterweight hits the buffer 13, 14 and thus limit the deceleration of the elevator car 2a, 2b or the counterweight in such a situation. Figure 2a shows a situation, where the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator is at the uppermost landing and the elevator car 2b of the middle elevator is at the lowermost landing. As can be seen in the figure, a certain space for allowing overtravel of the elevator cars 2a, 2b is left between each elevator car 2a, 2b and the respective buffers 13, 14. Figure 2b shows a situation which should not occur during normal use of the elevators. The elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator has hit the buffers 13 which have been compressed. Similarly, the elevator car 2b of the middle elevator has hit the buffers 14 which have been compressed. Even in this worst-case scenario, a safety space 4b is left between the elevator cars 2a, 2b. There is a similar buffer arrangement between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1b. The buffers 13, 14 are attached to the walls of the elevator shaft 1 and to guide rails for directing vertical forces exerted on the buffers 13, 14 to fixed constructions.
[0029] The safety spaces 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d ensure that a person working in the elevator shaft 1 does not get squeezed between two successive elevator cars or between an elevator car 2a, 2c and an end of the elevator shaft 1. However, an additional requirement for safe work in the elevator shaft 1 is that the elevator cars 2a, 2b, 2c in a shaft area where a person is working are immobilized or at least the movement of the elevator cars 2a, 2b, 2c is restricted. For instance, the operation of the elevators may be allowed only in an inspection drive mode. In the inspection drive mode, the moving speed of the elevator may be reduced compared to the moving speed during normal operation of the elevator. When a person is working in the pit of the lowermost shaft portion 1a, the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator may be operated normally. Each elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c serves only a dedicated segment of the elevator shaft 1 and only the lowermost elevator car 2a can reach the pit of the elevator shaft 1. Similarly, when a person is working above the uppermost elevator car 2c, the middle elevator and the lowermost elevator can be operated normally, because there is no risk that the person ends up between the uppermost elevator car 2c and one of the other two elevator cars 2a, 2b.
[0030] When a person is working in a shared safety space 4b, 4c either between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b or between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c, the movement of the elevators on both sides of the safety space 4b, 4c needs to be controlled.
[0031] For allowing safe work in a shared safety space 4b, 4c, the elevator arrangement comprises a safety arrangement which is configured to monitor a group of predetermined trigger events of a lower elevator and an upper elevator, and to change the operational state of at least one of the lower elevator and the upper elevator when a trigger event occurs. The safety arrangement thus monitors certain trigger events of the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator and changes the operational state of the lowermost elevator and/or the middle elevator when a trigger event occurs. Similarly, a safety arrangement monitors certain trigger events of the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator and changes the operational state of the middle elevator and/or the uppermost elevator when a trigger event occurs. The operational state of the one or two elevators is changed to a state where the operation of the elevator(s) is restricted. The restricted operation can include that the elevator can be moved only with a reduced speed and/or moving of the elevator is allowed only in case certain conditions which are not required during normal operation are fulfilled.
[0032] Certain trigger events may be configured to switch at least one of the elevators to a safety mode. In the safety mode, only limited operation of the elevators is allowed. The switching to the safety mode can stop both the lower elevator car and the upper elevator car and/or prevent movement one of the elevator cars or movement of both elevator cars. After the elevator cars have been stopped and the movement of the elevator cars has been prevented, movement of the elevator cars may be allowed only when certain conditions are met.
[0033] The trigger events may be selected so that they represent at least situations where the elevator shaft 1 is accessed from shaft access doors providing access to a shared safety space 4b, 4c between two successive shaft portions. A shared safety space 4b, 4c can be accessed via the doors of the lowermost landing 3bL, 3cL of a shaft portion that is above another shaft portion. In the case of the safety space 4b between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b, the safety space 4b can be accessed via the doors of the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1b. In the case of the safety space 4c between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c, the safety space 4c can be accessed via the doors of the lowermost landing 3cL of the uppermost shaft portion 1c. In addition to said lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1b, the safety space 4b between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b can be accessed by entering the elevator shaft 1 via any shaft access door of the lowermost shaft portion 1 a above the lowermost landing 3aL of the lowermost shaft portion 1. The elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator can then be driven to the uppermost landing 3aU of the lowermost shaft portion 1a. In a similar way, the safety space 4c between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c can be accessed by entering the elevator shaft 1 via any shaft access door of the middle shaft portion 1b above the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1 b. The elevator car 2b of the middle elevator can then be driven to the uppermost landing 3bU of the middle shaft portion 1b.
[0034] The trigger events switching the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator to a safety mode can be events occurring within the second safety segment 27. The trigger events switching the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator can be events occurring within the third safety segment 28.
[0035] In the safety arrangement of the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator, a trigger event may thus be emergency or service opening of any of the doors of the landings of the lowermost elevator except for the door of the lowermost landing 3aL, or opening of the door of the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle elevator. In the safety arrangement of the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator, a trigger event may be emergency or service opening of any of the doors of the landings of the middle elevator except for the door of the lowermost landing 3bL, or opening of the door of the lowermost landing 3cL of the uppermost elevator. In addition to the doors of the landings, the elevator shaft 1 could be provided with other doors providing access to the shaft 1 and opening of any of the doors located similarly as the above-mentioned doors of the landings could be a trigger event. Opening of a door within the second safety segment 27 would thus be a trigger event for the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator. Opening of a door within the third safety segment 28 would be a trigger event for the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator. The expression "emergency or service opening" means opening of a door of the shaft 1 for the purpose of accessing the shaft 1 when the respective elevator car 2a, 2b, 2c is not at the landing.
[0036] Instead of or in addition to monitoring access into the elevator shaft 1, the trigger events may include pushing of a stop button of either a lower or an upper elevator. The stop button may in particular be a stop button arranged within the elevator shaft 1, for instance in the wall of the elevator shaft or on the roof of an elevator car. Pushing of a stop button within the second safety segment 27 would thus be a trigger event for the lowermost elevator and middle elevator. Pushing of a stop button within the third safety segment 28 would be a trigger event for the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator.
[0037] A trigger event can also be opening of a ladder arranged within the elevator shaft 1. Each of the shared safety spaces 4b, 4c between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b and between the middle shaft portion 1b and the uppermost shaft portion 1c may be provided with a turnable or foldable ladder. The ladder may thus be arranged against an inner wall of the elevator shaft 1 and opened into a use position. The opening of the ladder into the use position may be detected as a trigger event. Opening of a ladder within the second safety segment 27 would thus be a trigger event for the lowermost elevator and middle elevator. Opening of a ladder within the third safety segment 28 would be a trigger event for the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator.
[0038] The safety arrangement according to the invention can be implemented in many alternative ways. Figure 3 shows part of a safety circuit 25 that is shared by the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator. The safety circuit 25 is arranged to monitor doors 5 that provide access to the shared safety space 4b between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b. The doors 5 include the door of the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1 b and all other doors of the lowermost shaft portion 1a than the door of the lowermost landing 3aL. The doors 5 are provided with an emergency opening mechanism 6 which can be unlocked using a suitable key or tool. A maintenance person can thus unlock and open the door 5 even when the elevator car 2a, 2b is not at the landing for having access into the elevator shaft 1 for example for inspecting, servicing or repairing one of the elevators. The safety circuit 25 is provided with a contact 7 that is configured to detect opening of the emergency opening mechanism. Unlocking of the door 5 can thus be configured to change the status of the safety circuit 25. Unlocking of the door 5 can thus be detected by a safety control unit 8a, 8b. Each of the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator has an own safety control unit 8a, 8b. Unlocking of the above-mentioned doors 5 can be detected by both safety control units 8a, 8b. The safety control units 8a, 8b are configured to switch both elevators to a safety mode. Although the safety control units 8a, 8b are presented here as separate units, safety control functions of both elevators could be arranged in a common safety control unit.
[0039] A ladder 9 is arranged between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b. The ladder 9 is folded against the wall of the elevator shaft 1. The ladder 9 can be opened for descending from the lowermost landing 3bL of the middle shaft portion 1b onto the roof of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator. The safety circuit 25 of figure 3 comprises a contact 10 for detecting opening of the ladder 9. Also this contact is connected to the safety control units 8a, 8b of both elevators.
[0040] The middle elevator is provided with a stop button 11 which is arranged in the elevator shaft 1. The safety circuit 25 is provided with a contact 12 detecting pushing of the stop button 11. The contact 12 is connected to both safety control units 8a, 8b.
[0041] Figure 4 shows an embodiment providing the same functionality as the embodiment of figure 3. However, in this embodiment the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator are provided with separate safety circuits 26, 27. The safety circuit 26 of the lowermost elevator is illustrated with a continuous line and the safety circuit 27 of the middle elevator is illustrated with a dashed line. Because of the separate safety circuits, the emergency opening mechanisms 6 of the doors 5 are provided with double contacts 7a, 7b. A first contact 7a is connected to the safety circuit 26 of the lower elevator and a second contact 7b is connected to the safety circuit 27 of the middle elevator. Unlocking of the door 5 can thus be detected by a safety control unit 8a of the lower elevator and by a safety control unit 8b of the upper elevator. In a similar way, the ladder 9 is provided with double contacts 10a, 10b and the stop button 11 is provided with double contacts 12a, 12b. The arrangement of figure 4 requires more wiring than the arrangement of figure 3 but makes the safety control of the elevators simpler.
[0042] A safety arrangement shared by the middle elevator and the upper elevator could be similar as in figures 3 and 4. In addition to the shared safety arrangement described above, each elevator can comprise an own safety circuit. A safety circuit dedicated to one of the elevators can comprise, for instance, limit switches, overspeed governors, car door contacts, landing door contacts etc.
[0043] The safety circuits can be based on programmable electronic systems. In particular, the safety circuits can be implemented according to standards for programmable electronic systems in safety-related applications for lifts (PESSRAL).
[0044] Figure 5 shows the elevator cars 2a, 2b of the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator in the same positions as in figures 3 and 4. In figure 5, the ladder 9 has been opened, i.e. folded to the use position. Figure 5 also shows a control unit 16 for inspection drive of the elevators. Figure 6 shows an enlarged view of the inspection drive control unit 16. The inspection drive control unit 16 can be used for driving both the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator, for instance for driving an elevator car 2a, 2b to a position allowing certain service or repair work or for testing the elevator. The inspection drive control unit 16 is located on the roof of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator. The inspection drive control unit 16 comprises a selector 17 for activating an inspection drive mode for one of the elevators, i.e. for selecting whether the elevator car 2a, 2b of the lowermost elevator or the middle elevator is moved by the inspection drive. The inspection drive control unit 16 is configured to allow inspection drive of only one elevator at a time. The selector 17 is also used for inactivating the inspection drive mode after the inspection drive by turning the selector 17 to the position "Inspection off". The inspection drive control unit 16 comprises a stop button 18. Pushing of the stop button 18 is configured to stop both elevators. Pushing of the stop button 18 also immobilizes both elevators. The stop button 18 is connected to a shared safety circuit of the two elevators or, in case of separate safety circuits, to the safety circuits of both elevators. The inspection drive control unit 16 further comprises operating buttons 19, 20 for driving the selected elevator upwards or downwards. The inspection drive control unit 16 may further comprise a light switch for switching shaft lights of both the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b on and off. The top of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator and the bottom of the elevator car 2b of the middle elevator can be provided with a warning device 23, 24 giving a warning sound and/or blinking a warning light when an inspection drive mode of the respective elevator is selected. Alternatively, warning lights can be arranged on top of the and at the bottom of the elevator cars 2a, 2b, and a warning device giving an audible signal can be arranged elsewhere in the elevator cars 2a, 2b or in the elevator shaft 1.
[0045] The safety arrangement can be configured to allow inspection drive of the middle elevator only in case the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator is at a predetermined inspection drive zone. For instance, it may be required that the elevator car 2a of the lower elevator is between the topmost position and the uppermost landing 3aU of the lowermost shaft portion 1a. By determining an inspection drive zone, it is ensured that the person conducting the inspection drive of the middle elevator is not far from the elevator. The lowermost elevator can be provided with a limit switch 22, which is configured to detect whether the elevator car 2a is at the inspection drive zone. The limit switch 22 can be, for instance, a mechanical switch, a magnetic sensor, an optical encoder or any other kind of sensor.
[0046] Instead of the inspection drive control unit 16 common to both elevators, both elevators can be provided with an own inspection drive control unit. The inspection drive control unit of the lowermost elevator can be arranged on the roof of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator as shown in figure 5. The inspection drive control unit of the middle elevator can be connected to the elevator shaft 1 between the lowermost shaft portion 1a and the middle shaft portion 1b. A benefit of this arrangement is that the inspection drive of the middle elevator is allowed only when the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator is at the uppermost landing. Each of the inspection drive control units is provided with a stop button and pushing of the stop button is configured to stop both elevators and to immobilize both elevators. The stop buttons are thus connected to a shared safety circuit of both elevators or to the safety circuit of each elevator. Each inspection drive control unit is provided with a selector for activating and inactivating an inspection drive mode. If any of the two elevators is switched to the inspection drive mode, inspection drive of the other elevator is prevented. Switching to the inspection drive mode is thus a trigger event changing the operational state of both elevators.
[0047] The ladder 9 can be provided with a locking arrangement preventing opening of the ladder 9 to a use position when the elevator car 2a of the lower elevator is not between the topmost position and the uppermost landing 3aU of the lower shaft portion 1a. This ensures that the roof of the elevator car 2a of the lowermost elevator can be used as safe platform when descending from the lowermost landing of the middle elevator. The safety arrangement can also be configured to prevent moving of the elevator car 2b of the upper elevator when the ladder 9 is not in a closed position.
[0048] Although the invention has been described by referring to an elevator arrangement comprising three elevators, it is clear that the invention is applicable also to an elevator arrangement comprising two elevators or more than three elevators arranged in a common elevator shaft. Some embodiments of the invention have been described by referring to the lowermost elevator and the middle elevator, but the invention can be applied in the same way to the middle elevator and the uppermost elevator or to any two successive elevators forming a pair of a lower elevator and an upper elevator.
1. A safety arrangement for an elevator arrangement which comprises a lower elevator
and an upper elevator arranged within an elevator shaft (1), the elevator shaft (1)
comprising a lower shaft portion (1a), the lower shaft portion (1a) comprising at
least a lowermost landing (3aL) and an uppermost landing (3aU), and an upper shaft
portion (1b), the upper shaft portion (1b) comprising at least a lowermost landing
(3bL) and an uppermost landing (3bU), the lowermost landing (3bL) of the upper shaft
portion (1b) being above the uppermost landing (3aU) of the lower shaft portion (1a),
each shaft portion (1a, 1b) being provided with an elevator car (2a, 2b) which is
configured to move between the lowermost landing (3aL, 3bL) and the uppermost landing
(3aU, 3bU) of the respective shaft portion (1a, 1b), wherein the safety arrangement
comprises one or more physical barriers (13, 14) for forming a shared safety space
(4b) between the lower shaft portion (1a) and the upper shaft portion (1b), and the
safety arrangement is configured to monitor a group of predetermined trigger events
of the lower elevator and the upper elevator, and to change the operational state
of at least one of the lower elevator and the upper elevator when a trigger event
occurs.
2. A safety arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the safety arrangement is configured
to change the operational state of both the lower elevator and the upper elevator
when a trigger event occurs.
3. A safety arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the safety arrangement is
configured to switch both the lower elevator and the upper elevator to a safety mode
when a trigger event occurs.
4. A safety arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the switching to the safety mode
stops both the lower elevator car (2a) and the upper elevator car (2b).
5. A safety arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the switching to the safety
mode prevents moving of at least one of the elevator cars (2a, 2b).
6. A safety arrangement according to any of claims 3-5, wherein the switching to the
safety mode prevents moving of both the lower elevator car (2a) and the upper elevator
car (2b).
7. A safety arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the group of
predetermined trigger events includes at least one of the following events: unlocking
of a shaft access door (5) for emergency or service opening of the door (5), pushing
of a stop button (11, 18) of the lower elevator or the upper elevator, and opening
of a ladder (9) within the elevator shaft (1).
8. A safety arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the shaft access doors include
the doors (5) of the lowermost landing (3bL) of the upper elevator and the doors (5)
of all landings (3aM, 3aU) of the lower elevator except for the lowermost landing
(3aL).
9. A safety arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the safety
arrangement comprises a safety circuit (25) shared by the lower elevator and the upper
elevator.
10. A safety arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the group of
predetermined trigger events includes switching at least one of the elevators to an
inspection drive mode.
11. A safety arrangement according to claim 10, wherein switching one of the elevators
to the inspection drive mode prevents moving of the other elevator.
12. A safety arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the arrangement
comprises means (22) for detecting whether the elevator car (2a) of the lower elevator
is at a predetermined inspection drive zone close to the uppermost landing (3aU) of
the lower elevator, and the upper elevator can be operated in an inspection drive
mode only on the condition that the lower elevator is at the inspection drive zone.
13. A safety arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the elevator
shaft is provided with a foldable or turnable ladder (9) for providing access from
the lowermost landing (3bL) of the upper elevator to the roof of the elevator car
(2a) of the lower elevator.
14. A safety arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the ladder (9) is provided with
a locking arrangement preventing opening of the ladder (9) to a use position when
the elevator car (2a) of the lower elevator is not between the topmost position and
the uppermost landing (3aU) of the lower shaft portion (1a).
15. A safety arrangement according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the safety arrangement is
configured to prevent moving of the elevator car (2b) of the upper elevator when the
ladder (9) is not in a closed position.