TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to the building art, in particular, to building blocks for
mortarless brickwork and construction of houses, buildings, structures and hardscaping
items.
[0002] The invention may be used for masonry laying without use of mortar.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The use of traditional building blocks, bricks, mortars and structures results in
some restrictions concerning modern building. These restrictions include: need for
skilled labour force to achieve a constant reproducible result; limitations in the
speed, where the restricting factors are requirements for mortar setting time and
limitations in the loading-carrying ability of the structure due to the change in
stiffness of mutual connection between blocks.
[0004] The use of precast concrete panels become widely used in recent years, seeking to
neutralize some of these restrictions. The use of such panels has its own disadvantages,
including difficulties in adapting of the panels for specified place of installation,
as well as necessity of mechanization for loading, transportation and installation
of the panels.
[0005] Another alternative for traditional building systems using the building blocks and
brick laying are the self-fixing building blocks.
[0006] From the technical background the building block for external wall erection is known,
containing a solid body with front, rear, two end, upper and lower surfaces, as well
as a variety of projections and recesses on upper and lower surfaces for fixation
and aligning of the adjacent blocks with formation of uniform joints, which are afterwards
filled with mortar (see patent
US5934037, cl. E04B2/08 publ. 10.08.1999).
[0007] From the technical background the house-building system is known, including a number
of the building blocks, which are mutually fixed together with the aid of nuts and
bolts, where the bolt consists of respective upper and lower pieces, at that one set
of fixing pieces may be placed in a hidden area together with a bolt and pass through
all the structure, and another one - at the outer surface of the lower part of the
bolt area. In the process of assembling the external thread of one bolt enters into
engagement with the internal thread of another one, at that the blocks may contain
internal thread in embedded openings for bolts installation in such a way that the
upper part of bolts is at the same level with the upper part of blocks in engagement
(see patent
GB2528090, cl. E04B2/18, publ. 13.01.2016).
[0008] From the technical background the method of mortarless building the foundation and
walls is known, including the use of mounting bars basing on the first set of mechanical
binding, according to which the wall is constructed by the way of vertical laying
of multiple wall blocks on the threaded bars and their fastening using mechanical
binding, at that a number of connectors are fastened to the threaded bars of wall
structure reinforcement, and a number of bars are fastened to the connectors of the
upper walls part horizontally, forming a network of bars which connect the walls (see
patent
US8225578, cl. E04B1/38, publ. 24.07.2012).
[0009] The advantage of mutual-fixing building blocks is that they (?) considerably by themselves
occupy the project location and don't require masonry mortar, that allows to ensure
fast erection of constructions, basically with non-skilled working force. However,
all described building blocks and systems were worked out with consideration to particular
industrial destination and don't allow to vary the final structure form in a wide
range.
[0010] The closest by its technical essence to the proposed invention is the building block
made in a form of a polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face of which the
response projections and recesses are made, coming into engagement with the projections
and recesses of adjacent blocks (see patent
CN204919955, cl. E04B2/08, publ. 30.12.2015). The known device allows to increase the structure
not only in vertical but also in two horizontal directions, keeping at that accuracy
and durability of the joint. However, the known device don't ensure possibility of
additional fastening of the blocks with each other, and that's why it can't be used
for erection of complicated geometry constructions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The technical problem is creation of the building block that allows in short terms
to erect houses and buildings without use of high-skilled working force and mechanization
attraction.
[0012] The invention is destined for extension of a range of possible variants of mutual
fastening of the blocks.
[0013] According to the first variant of embodiment the problem is solved so that in a building
block made in a form of polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face the response
projections and recesses are made, coming into engagement with the projections and
recesses of adjacent blocks, the indicated projections and recesses are made in truncated
cone form, along the axis of which in this block mainly intercommunicating channels
are made. On each vertical and each horizontal face of the block preferably at least
four projections and recesses are formed. The projections and recesses are made in
truncated cones form with the angle not more than 45 degrees.
[0014] The building block may be made in a form of right parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
[0015] The building block may be made in a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds,
or their combination, connected with each other and forming an integral whole, a polygonal
item with complicated geometry.
[0016] The building block may be provided with inclined sections placed at the angle 10-90
degrees with crosswise structure formation, at that on the ends of inclined sections
the response projections and recesses are also formed.
[0017] At the edge of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a half of truncated
cone may be made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones,
at that on the indicated faces surface the channel-formed grooves may be made, forming
in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the recesses axis. At the
corners of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a quarter of truncated
cone may be made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones,
at that along the ribs of the indicated faces the channel-formed grooves may be made,
forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the recesses axis.
[0018] The block may be provided with the insertions installed in the recesses and forming
projections and partially entering into respective channels.
[0019] The block may be provided with the insertions with channels allowing possibility
of installation in them the fastening elements for mutual fastening between the blocks.
[0020] According to the second variant of embodiment the posed problem is solved by the
way that in the building block made in a form of polygon, at each vertical and each
horizontal face of which the recesses in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones
are formed, along the axis of which the channels are made in the block, at least,
in some of the indicated recesses the fastening elements in a form of discs are installed,
at both sides of which along the axe the bars, fixed in the indicated channels of
the adjacent blocks are fastened.
[0021] The channels in a section are made in a form of a circle, ellipse, square, rectangle,
triangle.
[0022] The recesses at the edge of vertical or horizontal faces made in a form of a half
of truncated cone, form in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.
[0023] The building block may be made preferably in a form of cube or right parallelepiped,
T-shaped, L-shaped.
[0024] The building block may be made in a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds,
or their combination, connected with each other and forming an integral whole, a polygonal
item with complicated geometry.
[0025] The building block may be provided with the insertions with channels allowing possibility
of installation in them the fastening elements for mutual fastening between the blocks.
[0026] Using indicated building blocks a structure can be made closed around the perimeter
by the way of combination of the fourth block with three adjacent blocks at linear
trajectory passing through the point of connection of three faces, at the angle to
each of side faces of indicates three blocks in the range from 1 to 89 degrees, preferably
at the angle 45 degrees.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by the drawings and description
of the preferred variants of embodiment with references to the accompanying drawings:
Fig.1 is the general view of the building block (the first basic variant of embodiment
in the form of cube with placement of projections and recesses by four at each face);
Fig.2 is a variant of embodiment with additional fifth recess at one face;
Fig.3 is the second basic variant of embodiment, but with recesses at all the faces
(prior to installation of fastening elements);
Fig.4 is the same, in section;
Fig.5 is the second basic variant of embodiment with five recesses at all the faces;
Fig.6 is the second variant of embodiment with semi-recesses and bores at one face;
Fig.7 is the second variant of embodiment with semi- and quarter-recesses and bores
at all the faces and ribs;
Fig.8 is an example of the structure assembling from cubic blocks according to the
first variant of embodiment;
Fig.9 is a variant of a block in a form of parallelepiped;
Fig.10 is a variant of a T-shaped block;
Fig.11 is a variant of a block with inclined sections;
Fig.12 is an example of the structure assembling from the blocks with inclined sections;
Fig.13 is an example of the structure forming by the way of combination of the fourth
block with three adjacent blocks at the linear trajectory passing through the point
of connection of three faces at the angle (the angle is indicated with an arrow).
[0028] According to the first variant the proposed building block 1 is made in a form of
polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face of which the response projections
2 and recesses 3 are made (by four or five items), coming into engagement with the
projections and recesses of the adjacent blocks. Depending on the final project the
block may be made in a form of cube, right parallelepiped, T-shaped, or provided with
the inclined sections 4. In this last case the block is made in the form of two parallelepipeds,
the lengthwise axis of which are located at the angle 10-90°, connected crosswise
as an integral whole. On the ends of sections 4 the response projections 2 and recesses
3 are also formed. Combination of projections 2 and recesses 3 may be chosen at each
face of the block 1 in advance, or for a particular place of its placement.
[0029] The projections 2 and recesses 3 are made in a form of truncated cones, along the
axis of which in the block the interconnected channels 5 are made. At the edge of
the faces the recesses 6 may be made in a form of a half of truncated cone, forming
in assembly with the analogous recesses of adjacent blocks 1 integral cones. At that
on the surface of respective faces the channel-formed grooves 7 are made, forming
in assembly with the adjacent blocks 1 the channels along the axis of the recesses
6. Moreover, at the corners of the faces the recesses 8 may be made in a form of a
quarter of truncated cone, forming in assembly with the recesses of adjacent blocks
integral cones. At that along the ribs of these faces the channel-formed grooves 9
are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the axis
of the recesses 8. The conical surface of projections 2 and recesses 3, 6, 8 allows
to simply connect the blocks 1 together, ensuring at that precise centering and combination
of the channels 5 in a single network, which in a case of necessity may be in one
operation filled with fixing material. Moreover, the relation of the channels 5 with
each other ensures possibility of using transparent pins of different modification.
The block 1 may be also provided with the fastening elements 10 placed in the recesses
3 and partially entering in the respective channels 5.
[0030] According to the second variant the proposed block 1 doesn't contain projections,
only recesses 3 are made in it in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones, along
the axis of which in the block the channels 5 are made. In a part or in all such recesses
3 the fastening elements 10 are installed in a form of discs, at both sides of which
along the axe the bars are fastened, fixed in indicated channels 5 of the adjacent
blocks 1. In a part of additional recesses 6, 8 and channel-formed grooves 7, 9 for
this variant the same modifications are possible that for the previous one.
[0031] The construction of the proposed blocks is erected as follows.
[0032] The first block 1 is installed on the floor and the following blocks are mounted
in sequence. During installation the lateral face of each consequent block is combined
with the lateral face of the previous block, at that according to the first variant
the projections 2 are located in the recesses 3 without clearance, in a single structure.
According to the second variant the blocks are combined with the help of the fastening
element 10, installed in the channel 5 and fixing their location. For formation of
the inclined beam the blocks with the inclined sections 4 are used. Combining the
blocks 1 between each other and connecting them with the fastening elements or fixing
material, the required structure is assembled. At that the blocks 1 are laid in relation
of the axe of the laying center at one of directions and increased without displacement.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0033] In such a way, the proposed invention allows to execute mortarless erection of rigidly
bound laying of vertical, inclined, cupola-shaped, pyramid-shaped and any other embodiment.
Moreover, the block has possibility of fastening redecoration elements and different
communication lines in the grooves on the side faces. At that the proposed construction
allow to enlarge a range of possible variants of mutual blocks fastening, both simply
due to the forces of gravity and friction and with the aid of local fastening elements,
pins or their combination.
1. The building block made in a form of polygon on each vertical and each horizontal
face of which the response projections and recesses are made, coming into engagement
with the projections and recesses of adjacent blocks, the distinction is that the
projections and recesses are made in a form of truncated cones, along the axis of
which in the block mainly intercommunicating channels are made.
2. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that on each vertical
and each horizontal face at least four projections and recesses are formed.
3. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that the projections
and recesses are made in a form of truncated cones with the angle no more than 45°
4. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is made preferably
in a form of cube.
5. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it may be made
in a form of right parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
6. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is made in
a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds, or their combination, mutually connected
and forming an integral whole polygonal item with complicated geometry.
7. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided
with the inclined sections placed at the angle 10-90 degrees forming crosswise construction,
at that on the ends of the inclined sections the response projections and recesses
are also made.
8. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that at the edge
of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a half of truncated cone are made,
forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.
9. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that on the indicated
faces surface the channel-formed grooves are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent
blocks the channels along the recesses axis.
10. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that at the corners
of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a quarter of truncated cone are
made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.
11. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that along the ribs
of the indicated faces the channel-formed grooves are made, forming in assembly with
the adjacent blocks the channels along the recesses axis.
12. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided
with the insertion, installed in the recesses and forming projections.
13. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided
with the insertions with the channels with possibility of installation in them the
fastening elements for binding blocks with each other.
14. The building block made in a form of polygon at each vertical and each horizontal
face of which the recesses in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones are formed,
along the axis of which the channels are made in the block, at that, at least in some
of the indicated recesses the insertions forming projections in a form of discs are
installed, at both sides of which along the axe the bars, fixed in the indicated channels
of the adjacent blocks are fastened.
16. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that the channels
in a section are made in a form of a circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, triangle.
17. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that the recesses,
at the edge of vertical or horizontal faces made in a form of a half of truncated
cone, form in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.
18. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made
preferably in a form of cube.
19. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made
in a form of right parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
20. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made
in a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds, or their combination, mutually
connected and forming an integral whole polygonal item with complicated geometry.
21. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is provided
with the insertions with possibility of installation in them the fastening elements
for binding blocks with each other.