Technical field
[0001] The present invention relates to a swivel stack for transfer of fluid across a rotary
interface around a rotation axis between an incoming flow-line and an outgoing flow-line.
[0002] Moreover, the invention relates to a turret mooring system comprising such a swivel
stack. Also, the invention relates to a floating offshore construction provided with
such a swivel stack and to a method for manufacturing such a swivel stack
Background art
[0003] Toroidal fluid swivels are known in the art for transfer of high-pressure fluids
across a rotary interface between an incoming fluid line and an outgoing product piping.
Applications for such a swivel include for example offshore oil and gas explorations
where high-pressure flows of oil and/or gas are transferred from a (deep-sea) offshore
well to a floating vessel such as a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)
vessel. Typically, such a floating vessel is equipped with a turret mooring system
that can couple a mooring buoy or a "mooring structure" and that holds one or more
riser lines from the well, to product piping ducts on the vessel. Since the turret
mooring system should allow some rotation between the vessel and the buoy, the swivel
is likewise adapted to provide rotation between the incoming fluid line and the product
piping.
[0004] In swivel designs, the rotary interface is provided with seals to prevent leakage.
Within the rotary interface the seals are subjected to high pressure differences between
the high-pressure fluids running through the swivel and ambient.
[0005] Also, the seals are subjected to mechanical wear due to rotation of the interface.
In the prior art, swivels (swivel stacks) thus face several issues affecting their
performance and reliability; the main issue being the practical inability to change-out
the dynamic seals in-situ, due to the relatively large size of the swivel parts.
[0006] Another major issue is the difficulty to meet seal design criteria, especially when
seal diameter, temperature range, or fluid pressure increases. It is an object of
the invention to overcome or mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.
[0007] US 2015/226358 A1 describes a fluid swivel that includes a stationary annular structure defining upper
and lower annular seal slots, and a rotatable outer housing operatively connected
to the stationary annular structure, the outer housing defining a radial groove that
has upper and lower surfaces. Upper and lower seals are positioned between the stationary
annular structure and the rotatable outer housing and disposed in the upper and lower
seal slots. An inner fluid manifold is disposed in the stationary annular structure
and arranged to provide fluid of pressure P to the radial groove the fluid exerting
a first force longitudinally inwardly on the outer surface of the outer housing, and
a second force longitudinally outwardly on the upper and lower surfaces of the radial
groove, the second force having a greater magnitude than the first force so the outer
housing deflects outwardly, pushing the upper and lower seals into the upper and lower
seal slots.
[0008] US 2017/002964 A1 describes a high pressure swivel which includes swivel modules each having a stationary
inner structure and a rotatable outer structure that can rotate about the inner structure.
[0009] US 2016/369924 A1 describes a fluid swivel including a stationery inner housing assembly and a rotatable
outer housing operatively connected to the inner housing assembly.
Summary of the invention
[0010] The object is achieved by a swivel stack in accordance with appended claim 1. The
structure of the swivel stack allows a relatively uncomplicated manner of assembly
or disassembly, which also enhances the procedure to change-out any seals in the swivel
stack.
[0011] Further, the invention relates to a turret mooring system equipped with a swivel
stack as defined above, to a floating offshore construction provided with a swivel
stack as defined above and to a method for manufacturing a swivel stack as defined
above.
Brief description of drawings
[0012] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings in
which illustrative embodiments thereof are shown. The drawings are intended exclusively
for illustrative purposes and not as a restriction of the inventive concept. The scope
of the invention is defined in the appended claims.
Figure 1 shows a cross-section in perspective view of a swivel stack according to
an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack
according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack
according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4A and 4B shows detailed cross-sections of a stab-in pipe for use in a swivel
stack according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of
the invention;
Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a portion of a manifold block in accordance with
an embodiment of the invention, and
Figure 7 shows schematically a floating offshore construction equipped with a swivel
stack in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0013] In the following description of embodiments, items indicated by an identical reference
sign refer to the same or a similar item.
Detailed description of embodiments
[0014] Figure 1 shows a cross-section in perspective view of a swivel stack according to
an embodiment of the invention.
[0015] A rotary interface 72 of a swivel stack 10 in accordance with the invention is constructed
from a plurality of annular elements comprising a group of inner annular elements
and an outer annular element that are all centered around a common rotation axis A.
[0016] In this rotary interface, the outer annular element is configured for rotation around
the rotation axis A relative to the group of inner annular elements.
[0017] The rotary interface comprises a group of inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 and an
outer annular element 18. The group of inner annular elements comprises a lower annular
element 12, a central annular element 14 and an upper annular element 16.
[0018] Each of inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 has a cylindrical inner surface at an inner
radius RI1. The lower and upper annular elements 12, 16 each have a cylindrical outer
surface at a first outer radius RO1. The central annular element 14 has a cylindrical
outer surface at a second outer radius RO2. The second outer radius RO2 is smaller
than the first outer radius RO1.
[0019] When the inner, central and outer annular elements are stacked on each other, with
the central annular element 14 positioned between the lower annular element 12 and
the upper annular element 16, a circular trench is present between facing surfaces
12a, 16a of the lower annular element and the upper annular element, which surfaces
are substantially perpendicular to the rotating axis A.
[0020] The outer annular element 18 has a cylindrical inner surface at a second inner radius
RI2 and a cylindrical outer surface at a third outer radius RO3, and is also centered
around the rotation axis A. The second inner radius RI2 of the outer annular element
18 is somewhat larger than the second outer radius RO2 of the central inner annular
element 14 in such a way there is a radial gap G (see Figure 2 and Figure 3) of about
1 mm between the central inner annular element and the outer annular element. The
outer annular element 18 is arranged in the circular trench between the lower and
the upper inner annular elements 12, 16 such that the cylindrical inner surface 22
of the outer annular element abuts the outer cylindrical surface 20 of the central
inner annular element. Along the circumference of the cylindrical inner surface of
the outer annular element a recess 24 is provided such that a toroidal chamber 24a
is formed between the cylindrical outer surface 20 of the central inner annular element
and the cylindrical inner surface 22 of the outer annular element 18.
[0021] In the outer annular element 18, a conduit 26 in radial direction is provided between
the recess 24 and the outer circumference to provide an outlet (or inlet) of the toroidal
chamber 24a.
[0022] The upward surface 12a of the lower annular element 12 and the downward surface 16a
of the upper annular element 16 that each extend outward beyond the cylindrical outer
surface 20 of the central annular element 14 at the second outer radius RO2, are provided
with a first stepped surface. The outer annular element 18 has upward and downward
surfaces 18a, 18b with a second stepped surface that is complementary to the first
stepped surface.
[0023] Between the downward facing surface 16a of the upper annular element 16 and the upward
facing surface 18b of the outer annular element 18 and between the upward facing surface
12a of the lower annular element 12 and the downward facing surface 18a of the outer
annular element 18, annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are formed in which face seal
type seal rings are arranged (not shown here). The arrangement of the annular cavities
and the seal rings will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 2.
[0024] Referring to Figure 1, the swivel stack can comprise a plurality of rotary interfaces.
To simplify stacking, the lower and upper annular elements 12, 16 are designed with
a same shape of their upper and lower surfaces 12a, 16a (perpendicular to the rotation
axis A). In this manner an upper annular element 16 of a first rotary interface can
be used as a lower annular element 12 of a second rotary interface stacked on top
of the first rotary interface.
[0025] In between each pair of stacked outer annular elements a coupling ring or drive ring
36 is placed. The coupling rings are configured to couple the outer annular element
pairwise for joined rotation. One of coupling rings is fitted with a pair of lugs
(not shown) designed to receive a pair of drive arms 38 for coupling to an external
structure (not shown) on the floating structure (not shown).
[0026] The swivel stack 10 comprises a base annular element 40 on which a lower support
annular element 42 is arranged. The lower support annular element 42 has an upward
facing surface 42a that has an identical shape as an upward facing surface 12a of
the lower annular element 12 as described above. The lower support annular element
42 has a stepped upward facing surface on which an outer annular element 18 can be
arranged in a manner that annular cavities are present in between the annular elements
42, 18.
[0027] The base annular element 40 is provided on its circumference with inlet ports 44
(and/or outlet ports) in radial direction that are each configured to be coupled with
an incoming flow-line 46 or outgoing flow-line, respectively. Further, each inlet
or outlet port 44 is coupled within the base annular element 40 with a conduit 48
extending upward and parallel to the rotation axis A.
[0028] Each of the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 is provided with at least one through-hole
50 for transport of (hydrocarbon) fluids parallel to the rotation axis A. In each
inner annular element 12, 14, 16 the at least one through-hole 50 is positioned at
a location corresponding with the location of the conduit 48 in the base annular element
40.
[0029] On the top of the swivel stack 10, a closing annular element 52 can optionally be
arranged. The closing annular element 52 can also function as a support or (fluid)
connector for an other swivel stack located above.
[0030] Within the swivel stack 10, the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 are joined between
the base annular element 40 and the closing annular element 52 by a plurality of bolted
rods 54 extending through holes arranged on a pitch diameter DP of the annular elements.
A more detailed illustration will be given below with reference to Figure 2.
[0031] Figure 2 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack
according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0032] The first and second stepped surfaces have a layout in which four annular cavities
28, 30, 32, 34 are centered around the rotation axis A. The first and second stepped
surfaces have a rectangular cross-section and are provided between the central outer
annular element 18 and the lower and upper inner annular elements 12, 16. Two of the
annular cavities 28, 30 are arranged at a first interface A1 between the facing surfaces
16a, 18b of the upper annular element 16 and the outer annular element 18. The other
two annular cavities 32, 34 are arranged at a second interface A2 between the facing
surfaces 12a, 18a of the lower annular element 12 and the outer annular element 18.
In each of the annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 a face seal type seal ring 56 is installed.
[0033] In Figure 2, a portion of an arrangement of the lower annular element 12, the central
annular element 14, the upper annular element 16 in combination with the outer annular
element 18 is shown. Also, a portion of a bolted rod 54 is shown, extending through
the lower, central and upper annular elements.
[0034] Above and below the toroidal chamber 24a, the annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are
arranged at a first and second interface A1, A2 between the outer annular element
18 and the upper annular element 16, and the central annular element 14 and the lower
annular element 12, respectively.
[0035] At both first and second interfaces A1, A2 an hydraulic area H, i.e., a radial area
H where the annular cavities and corresponding seal rings are located, is kept minimal.
That is, each of the annular cavities has a radial width W and each seal ring has
a corresponding width when placed in the associated annular cavity. Between the two
annular cavities 28, 30; 32, 34 in each of the first interface A1 and the second interface
A2 a non-zero interspace X is arranged. Thus the radial area H has a width equal to
the width W of the two annular cavities 28, 30;32, 34 plus the interspace X in the
same interface A1; A2.
[0036] In addition, to keep the hydraulic area H minimal, in each interface one of the two
annular cavities 28; 32 is arranged directly adjacent to the cylindrical outer end
surface 15 of the central annular element 14.
[0037] A radial width B of the toroidal chamber 24a is equal to or smaller than a height
C of the toroidal chamber 24a. Additionally, the radial width B of the toroidal chamber
is smaller than the width of the hydraulic area H (i.e., the width W of the two annular
cavities combined 28, 30;32, 34 plus the interspace X in the same interface A1; A2).
At the same time, the inner diameter of the radially inner seal ring is substantially
equal to the inner diameter of the toroidal chamber. When the toroidal chamber is
under operational pressure, these measures have the effect that the vertical force
F2 on the seals in the first and second interfaces A1; A2 is smaller than the vertical
force F1 on the upper and lower radial walls of the toroidal chamber 24a.
[0038] In addition, in each of the upward and downward facing surfaces 18a, 18b of the outer
annular element 18, a bushing 58 (plain bearings) is positioned outside the hydraulic
area H, thus at larger radius than the radius of the seal rings 56.
[0039] In an embodiment, the bolted rods 54 are positioned at a distance to the second outer
radius RO2 so as to leave 5 to 10 mm gap between the bolt hole and an O-ring seal
groove 60 holding an O-ring seal ensuring tightness between the central annular element
14 and the lower/upper inner annular element 12; 16. To achieve this, the centre of
each rod is located towards the outer radius RO1 and away from the inner radius RI1
in the central annular element.
[0040] In this manner, the clamping force on each of the inner annular elements 12, 14,
16 is mainly acting on the O-ring seal groove 60 to limit opening and risk of extrusion
of the O-ring seal out of the O-ring seal groove 60 when associated flow lines and
toroidal chamber in the swivel stack 10 are under high operating pressure. This technique
translates the attempt to minimize the prying effect on the bolted rods (see below).
[0041] It is recognized that a pressure induced end cap force is acting on the hydraulic
area H - from the inner diameter of the O-ring seal groove 60 to an outer diameter
of the outer annular cavity groove (holding the face seal). This force tends to open
both the interface between the central annular element and lower annular element and
the interface between the central annular element and upper annular element. The pressure
induced end cap force is amplified by the ratio of the distance of the hydraulic area
H to the inner radius RI1 to the distance of the bolt 54 to the same inner radius
RI1 (prying effect): obviously the larger the distance of the bolt 54 to inner radius
RI1, the smaller the tensile load on the bolt 54. This property is vital for this
type of design.
[0042] According to an embodiment, the first and second stepped surfaces have a layout in
which at least two annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are centered around the rotation
axis A with half of the at least two of the annular cavities located at a first interface
between the downward facing surface of the upper annular element and the upward facing
surface of the outer annular element and the other half of the at least two annular
cavities located at a second interface between the upward facing surface of the lower
annular element and the downward facing surface of the outer annular element, respectively.
[0043] Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack
according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0044] The rotary interface shown in Figure 3 is largely identical to the rotary interface
of Figure 2. Features with identical reference sign as in Figure 2 will not be described
here.
[0045] In the interface shown in Figure 3, additional recesses 62 are provided in the outer
annular element 18 on either side of the toroidal chamber 24a to fit two additional
seal rings 64, piston orientated. The additional seal rings 64 may be referred to
as isolation seals, providing further isolation of the toroidal chamber 24a in the
circumferential direction of the rotary interface.
[0046] Figure 4a and 4b show details of a stab-in tube 66 for use in a swivel stack 10 according
to an embodiment of the invention.
[0047] In the through-holes 50 extending through the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 of
the swivel stack 10 a stab-in tube 66 can be placed to provide a conduit that runs
between the base annular element 40 and the central annular element 18 associated
with the respective through-hole connected to radial conduit 26 of the central annular
element.
[0048] The stab-in tube 66 has closed end caps 68 and is provided with openings 70a, 70b
in its side wall at the level of the radial conduit 44 of the base annular element
40 and the level of the radial conduit 26 in the central annular element 18, respectively.
[0049] In this manner a flow path for the fluid flowing through the stab-in tube is obtained
that is leak-proof.
[0050] Figure 4A shows a cross-section of the stab-in tube 66. Figure 4B shows a cross-section
of a swivel stack with a stab-in tube 66 mounted in the through-holes 50 of the inner
annular elements 12, 14, 16.
[0051] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of
the invention.
[0052] The swivel stack 10 depicted here, comprises the base annular element 40, a number
of rotary interfaces 72, 74, 76, 78 and a closing annular element 52.
[0053] Further, the swivel stack 10 comprises a pair of coupling arms 30 attached to one
of the coupling rings 36. The coupling arms are configured to be coupled to a vessel
(not shown) in which the swivel stack is mounted. The coupling arms provide a fixed
orientation of the rotary interfaces with respect to the vessel.
[0054] On the outer cylindrical end surface of each rotary interface additional probing
ports 80 can be present, which provide access to leak ports (not shown) in the hydraulic
area H.
[0055] Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a manifold block in accordance with an embodiment
of the invention.
[0056] When the swivel stack 10 is arranged on a turret mooring system on a floating object
such as a vessel, the ports 44 for incoming/outgoing fluid on the base annular element
40 of the swivel stack can be coupled to riser lines 82 attached to a manifold structure
(earthbound part) within the turret of the turret mooring system.
[0057] According to an embodiment, a riser line 82 is equipped with a pipe flange 84. The
pipe flange 84 of the riser line 82 is then coupled to an associated port 44 on the
base annular element 40 by a flange 88 of spool piece 86 or connecting tube. The spool
piece 86 is equipped with a spool piece flange 89 that is configured for connecting
to the pipe flange 84 of the riser line 82. Spool pieces of different lengths and
with different orientations of connectors on the flanges 88, 89 can be used for making
a fluid connection between a riser line 82 and a port 44 for incoming/outgoing fluid.
[0058] Figure 7 shows schematically an example of a floating offshore construction equipped
with a swivel stack in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0059] A floating production unit 1 such as an FPSO vessel, or in general an offshore vessel,
is moored at a location at sea near a reservoir R in the seabed. Process equipment
2 on the vessel is shown schematically.
[0060] The floating production unit 1 is turret moored. In Figure 7, according to an embodiment,
the floating production unit is shown as turret moored, by means of a turret mooring
system.
[0061] Turret mooring systems provide a turret mooring structure comprising a turret structure
3 such as a mooring buoy and a support structure mounted on either the outside or
the inside of the floating production unit 1. The turret structure 3 is anchored to
the seabed with anchoring lines 5. Riser lines 82 (and other lines and other equipments
90 such as umbilical lines, gas/water injection lines, electric power lines, valves/shutters,
etc.) are extending between the reservoir R under the seabed and the turret structure
3. The support structure, provided on the floating production unit 1, has a receptacle
for receiving the turret structure 3, such that rotation of the floating production
unit 1 about the turret structure 3 is still possible. In this manner, the floating
production unit 1 can weathervane under influence of wind, waves, currents and/or
drifting ice and adopt the position of least resistance with regard to the environment,
while the riser lines remain at their unrotated position.
[0062] A swivel stack 10 according to an embodiment of the invention is arranged in the
turret mooring system to provide one or more rotary interfaces between the riser lines
82 and process equipment 2 on the floating vessel.
[0063] According to an embodiment, the inner and outer annular elements are obtained from
steel forgings and machined to the desired final shapes. The steel forgings may be
based on carbon steel or stainless steel.
[0064] The invention has been described with reference to some embodiments. The swivel stack
shown is described here by way of an example. Configurations with a different number
of rotary interfaces can be constructed within the scope of the invention.
[0065] Obvious modifications and alterations will occur to the person skilled in the art
upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description, which is to be
considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. It is intended
that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations
insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the invention
is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description.
References
[0066]
| Floating production unit |
1 |
| Processing equipment |
2 |
| Turret structure |
3 |
| Anchoring line |
5 |
| Swivel stack |
10 |
| Inner annular elements |
12, 14, 16 |
| Cylindrical outer end surface |
15 |
| Upward surface |
12a |
| Downward surface |
16a |
| Outer annular element |
18 |
| Downward facing surface |
18a |
| Upward facing surface |
18b |
| Outer cylindrical surface |
20 |
| Cylindrical inner surface |
22 |
| Recess |
24 |
| Toroidal chamber |
24a |
| Conduit |
26 |
| Annular cavities |
28, 30, 32, 34 |
| Coupling ring or drive ring |
36 |
| Pair of drive arms |
38 |
| Base annular element |
40 |
| Lower support annular element |
42 |
| Inlet/outlet ports |
44 |
| Flow-line |
46 |
| Through-hole |
50 |
| Closing annular element |
52 |
| Bolt |
54 |
| Face seal type seal ring |
56 |
| Bushing |
58 |
| O-ring seal groove |
60 |
| Additional recess |
62 |
| Isolation seal |
64 |
| Stab-in tube |
66 |
| Opening |
70a, 70b |
| Rotary interface |
72, 74, 76, 78 |
| Probing port |
80 |
| Riser line |
82 |
| Pipe flange |
84 |
| Spool piece |
86 |
| Spool piece flange |
88 |
| Equipment |
90 |
| |
|
| Interface |
A1, A2 |
| Rotating axis |
A |
| Pitch diameter |
DP |
| Radial gap |
G |
| Hydraulic area |
H |
| Radial width of chamber |
B |
| Height of chamber |
C |
| Vertical force |
F1, F2 |
| Reservoir |
R |
| First outer radius |
RO1 |
| Second outer radius |
RO2 |
| Third outer radius |
RO3 |
| First inner radius |
RI1 |
| Second inner radius |
RI2 |
| Radial width |
W |
| Interspace |
X |
1. Swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78)
around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line,
the swivel stack (10) comprising:
a group of inner annular elements (12, 14, 16) that comprises a lower annular element
(12), an upper annular element (16) and a central annular element (14);
the lower annular element (12) being centered around the rotation axis (A) with an
inner radius and a first outer radius (RO1) ;
the upper annular element (16) being centered around the rotation axis (A) with the
inner radius and the first outer radius (RO1) ;
the central annular element (14) being centered around the rotation axis (A) and having
an outer cylindrical end surface (15), positioned between the lower annular element
(12) and the upper annular element (16), the central annular element (14) having the
inner radius and a second outer radius (RO2) with the second outer radius (RO2) between
inner radius and first outer radius (RO1) , in a manner that a circular trench is
present between an upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and
a downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), the downward and
upward facing surfaces each being perpendicular to the rotating axis (A);
the swivel stack (10) further comprising:
an outer annular element (18) centered around the rotation axis (A) and having an
inner end surface with a second inner radius (RI2) and a third outer Z radius (RO3),
with the third outer radius (RO3) larger than the first outer radius (RO1), and the
second inner radius (RI2) being substantially equal to the second outer radius (RO2)
with a gap between the outer annular element (18) and the central inner annular element
(14); the downward and upward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular element
(18) being directly adjacent to the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular
element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16),
respectively;
the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) abutting the flat cylindrical
end surface (15) of the central annular element (14) and provided with a circular
trench, such that a toroidal chamber (24a) is formed between the central annular element
(14) and the outer annular element (18),
wherein the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the
downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) have a first stepped
surface and the upward and downward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular
element (18) have a second stepped surface, and the first and second stepped surfaces
are configured in a manner that at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) centered
around the rotation axis (A), and having a rectangular cross-section are provided,
half of the at least two of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a first interface
(A1) Z between the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16)
and the upward facing surface (18b) of the outer annular element (18) and the other
half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a second interface (A2)
between the upward facing surface of the lower annular element and the downward facing
surface (18a) of the outer annular element (18), respectively, and
characterised in that a radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is equal to or smaller than a height
(C) of the toroidal chamber(24a), and the radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber
(24a) is smaller than a width of the two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) combined.
2. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 1, wherein a face seal type seal ring (56) is
arranged in each of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34).
3. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein in each interface said
half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) are separated from each
other by an interspace (X) in radial direction.
4. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-3, wherein in a radial
direction each of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) is defined between an outward
edge on one annular element selected from the group of inner annular elements (12,
14, 16) and an inward edge on the outer annular element (18); surfaces of the inward
and outward edges being parallel to the direction of the rotation axis (A) and in
the direction parallel to the rotation axis (A) each of the annular cavities (28,
30, 32, 34) is defined at the first interface between the upward facing surface (18b)
of the outer annular element (18) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper
annular element (16) and at the second interface between the downward facing surface
(18a) of the outer annular element (18) and the upward facing surface (12b) of the
lower annular element (12).
5. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-4, wherein each of
the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) is defined by a width, WS, in the radial direction
and a depth (HS) in the direction parallel to the rotation axis (A).
6. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-5, wherein an annular
additional recess above and an annular additional recess below the circular trench
in the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) are provided; each additional
recess fitted with a piston orientated seal ring.
7. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-6, wherein in each interface
an annular bushing (58) is arranged and the radially outermost annular cavity is separated
from the annular bushing (58) by a second interspace in radial direction.
8. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-7, wherein each of the
lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element
(14) are configured with at least one through-hole (50) extending in the direction
parallel to the rotation axis (A) the at least one through-hole (50) having a corresponding
position in each of the lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and
central annular element (14).
9. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 8, wherein the central annular element (14) is
configured with at least one radial conduit (26) running from one of the at least
one through-hole (50) to the outer cylindrical end surface (15), the radial conduit
(26) arranged for fluid communication with the toroidal chamber (24a).
10. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising
a base annular element (40) having at least one through-hole (50) with a position
corresponding to the position of the at least one through-hole (50) in each of the
lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element
(14), and further comprising a radial conduit (26) extending from the through-hole
(50) to a port (80) on an outer cylindrical end surface (15) of the base annular element
(40).
11. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 9 - 10, wherein the
outer annular element (18) further has at least one radial conduit (26) extending
from the through-hole (50) to a port (80) on an outer cylindrical end surface (15)
of the outer annular element (18).
12. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 8 - 11, wherein a stab-in
pipe is arranged in the correspondingly positioned through-holes (50) of the lower
annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element (14),
the stab-in pipe running between the radial conduit (26) of the base annular element
(40) and the radial conduit (26) of the central annular element (14).
13. Turret mooring system comprising a swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across
a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming
flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line, wherein the swivel stack (10) is in accordance
with any one of the preceding claims 1 -12.
14. Floating offshore construction (1) either provided with a swivel stack (10) for transfer
of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between
an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line, wherein the swivel stack (10)
is according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 12, or comprising a turret mooring
system according to claim 13.
15. Method for manufacturing a swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary
interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line
(46) and an outgoing flow-line, the method comprising:
providing a group of inner annular elements (12, 14, 16) that comprises a lower annular
element (12), an upper annular element (16) and a central annular element (14);
centering the lower annular element (12) around the rotation axis with an inner radius,
RI1, and a first radius (RO1);
centering the upper annular element (16) around the rotation axis with the inner radius,
RI1, and the first outer radius (RO1) ;
centering the central annular element (14) around the rotation axis (A) and providing
the central annular element (14) with an outer cylindrical end surface (15);
positioning the central annular element (14) between the lower annular element (12)
and the upper annular element (16), the central annular element (14) having the inner
radius and a second outer radius (RO2) the second outer radius (RO2) between inner
radius and first outer radius (RO1) in a manner that a circular trench is present
between an upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and a downward
facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), the downward and upward facing
surfaces each being perpendicular to the rotating axis;
the method further comprising:
centering an outer annular element (18) around the rotation axis (A) the outer annular
element (18) having an inner end surface with a second inner radius (RI2) and a third
radius (R03) with the third outer radius (RO3) larger than the first outer radius
(RO1) and the second inner radius (RI2) being substantially equal to the second outer
radius (RO2) with a gap between the outer annular element (16) and the central inner
annular element (14); the downward and upward facing surfaces (16a, 16b) of the outer
annular element (18) being directly adjacent to the upward facing surface (12b) of
the lower annular element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper
annular element (16), respectively;
positioning the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) abutting the flat
cylindrical end surface (15) of the central annular element (14),
providing a circular trench in the inner end surface of the outer annular element
(18), such that a toroidal chamber (24a) is formed between the central annular element
(14) and the outer annular element (18) ,
providing the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the
downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) with a first stepped
surface;
providing the upward and downward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular
element (18) with a second stepped surface; the first and second stepped surfaces
being configured in a manner that at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) centered
around the rotation axis, A, and having a rectangular cross-section are provided,
half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a first interface between
the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) and the upward
facing surface (18b) of the outer annular element (18) and the other half of the at
least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a second interface between the upward
facing surface of the lower annular element and the downward facing surface (18a)
of the outer annular element (18), respectively,
characterised in that a radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is equal to or smaller than a height
(C) of the toroidal chamber (24a), and the radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber
(24a) is smaller than a width of the two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) combined.
1. Schwenkstapel (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74,
76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und
einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung, wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) Folgendes umfasst:
eine Gruppe von inneren ringförmigen Elementen (12, 14, 16), die ein unteres ringförmiges
Element (12), ein oberes ringförmiges Element (16) und ein zentrales ringförmiges
Element (14) umfassen;
wobei das untere ringförmige Element (12) um die Drehachse (A) mit einem Innenradius
und einem ersten Außenradius (RO1) zentriert ist;
das obere ringförmige Element (16) um die Drehachse (A) mit dem Innenradius und dem
ersten Außenradius (RO1) zentriert ist;
das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) um die Drehachse (A) zentriert ist und eine
äußere zylindrische Endfläche (15) aufweist, die zwischen dem unteren ringförmigen
Element (12) und dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) angeordnet ist, wobei das zentrale
ringförmige Element (14) den Innenradius und einen zweiten Außenradius (RO2) aufweist,
wobei der zweite Außenradius (RO2) zwischen dem Innenradius und dem ersten Außenradius
(R01) liegt, so dass ein runder Graben zwischen einer nach oben weisenden Oberfläche
(12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und einer nach unten weisenden Oberfläche
(16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) vorhanden ist, wobei die nach unten und
nach oben weisenden Oberflächen jeweils senkrecht zu der Drehachse (A) verlaufen;
wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) ferner Folgendes umfasst:
ein äußeres ringförmiges Element (18), das um die Drehachse (A) zentriert ist und
eine innere Endfläche mit einem zweiten Innenradius (RI2) und einem dritten Außenradius
(RO3) aufweist, wobei der dritte Außenradius (RO3) größer als der erste Außenradius
(R01) ist und der zweite Innenradius (RI2) im Wesentlichen gleich dem zweiten Außenradius
(RO2) ist, mit einem Spalt zwischen dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) und dem
zentralen inneren ringförmigen Element (14); wobei die nach unten und nach oben weisenden
Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) direkt an die nach oben
weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) bzw. die nach unten
weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) angrenzen;
wobei die innere Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) an der flachen zylindrischen
Endfläche (15) des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) anliegt und mit einem runden
Graben versehen ist, so dass eine toroidale Kammer (24a) zwischen dem zentralen ringförmigen
Element (14) und dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) gebildet wird,
wobei die nach oben weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12)
und die nach unten weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16)
eine erste abgestufte Oberfläche aufweisen und die nach oben und nach unten weisenden
Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) eine zweite abgestufte
Oberfläche aufweisen, und die erste und zweite abgestufte Oberfläche so konfiguriert
sind, dass mindestens zwei ringförmige Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) vorgesehen sind,
die um die Drehachse (A) zentriert sind und einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen,
wobei die Hälfte der mindestens zwei der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an
einer ersten Schnittstelle (A1) zwischen der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a)
des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b)
des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt und die andere Hälfte der mindestens
zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer zweiten Schnittstelle (A2) zwischen
der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche des unteren ringförmigen Elements bzw. der nach
unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt, und
gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) gleich oder kleiner als eine
Höhe (C) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) ist und die radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen
Kammer (24a) kleiner als eine Breite der beiden ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32,
34) zusammen ist.
2. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei in jedem der mindestens zwei ringförmigen
Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) ein Gleitringdichtungsring (56) angeordnet ist.
3. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei in jeder Schnittstelle die
besagte Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) durch einen
Zwischenraum (X) in radialer Richtung voneinander getrennt sind.
4. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 3, wobei in einer radialen
Richtung jeder der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) zwischen einer äußeren
Kante an einem aus der Gruppe der inneren ringförmigen Elemente (12, 14, 16) ausgewählten
ringförmigen Element und einer inneren Kante an dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18)
definiert ist;
wobei die Oberflächen der inneren und äußeren Kanten parallel zu der Richtung der
Drehachse (A) und in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) sind, wobei jeder der
ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an der ersten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach
oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) und der nach
unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und an der
zweiten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren
ringförmigen Elements (18) und der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren
ringförmigen Elements (12) definiert ist.
5. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 4, wobei jeder der
ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) durch eine Breite, WS, in radialer Richtung
und eine Tiefe (HS) in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) definiert ist.
6. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 5, wobei eine ringförmige
zusätzliche Aussparung oberhalb und eine ringförmige zusätzliche Aussparung unterhalb
des runden Grabens in der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18)
vorgesehen sind; wobei jede zusätzliche Aussparung mit einem kolbenorientierten Dichtring
ausgestattet ist.
7. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 6, wobei in jeder Schnittstelle
eine ringförmige Buchse (58) angeordnet ist und der radial äußerste ringförmige Hohlraum
durch einen zweiten Zwischenraum in radialer Richtung von der ringförmigen Buchse
(58) getrennt ist.
8. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 7, wobei das untere
ringförmige Element (12), das obere ringförmige Element (16) und das zentrale ringförmige
Element (14) jeweils mit mindestens einem Durchgangsloch (50) konfiguriert sind, das
sich in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) erstreckt, wobei das mindestens eine
Durchgangsloch (50) eine entsprechende Position in jeweils dem unteren ringförmigen
Element (12), dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) und dem zentralen ringförmigen
Elements (14) hat.
9. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) mit
mindestens einer radialen Leitung (26) konfiguriert ist, die von einem des mindestens
einen Durchgangslochs (50) zu der äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche (15) verläuft, wobei
die radiale Leitung (26) zur Fluidkommunikation mit der toroidalen Kammer (24a) angeordnet
ist.
10. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der ferner ein ringförmiges
Basiselement (40) mit mindestens einem Durchgangsloch (50) umfasst, dessen Position
der Position des mindestens einen Durchgangslochs (50) in jeweils dem unteren ringförmigen
Element (12), dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) und dem zentralen ringförmigen
Element (14) entspricht, und der ferner eine radiale Leitung (26) umfasst, die sich
von dem Durchgangsloch (50) zu einem Anschluss (80) auf einer äußeren zylindrischen
Endfläche (15) des ringförmigen Basiselements (40) erstreckt.
11. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 9 - 10, wobei das äußere
ringförmige Element (18) ferner mindestens eine radiale Leitung (26) aufweist, die
sich von dem Durchgangsloch (50) zu einem Anschluss (80) auf einer äußeren zylindrischen
Endfläche (15) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) erstreckt.
12. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 - 11, wobei ein Einstichrohr
in den entsprechend angeordneten Durchgangslöchern (50) des unteren ringförmigen Elements
(12), des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und des zentralen ringförmigen Elements
(14) angeordnet ist, wobei das Einstichrohr zwischen der radialen Leitung (26) des
ringförmigen Basiselements (40) und der radialen Leitung (26) des zentralen ringförmigen
Elements (14) verläuft.
13. Turmverankerungssystem, das einen Schwenkstapel (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über
eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden
Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung umfasst, wobei der Schwenkstapel
(10) einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 12 entspricht.
14. Schwimmende Offshore-Konstruktion (1), die entweder mit einem Schwenkstapel (10) für
den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse
(A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung
versehen ist, wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 -
12 entspricht, oder ein Turmverankerungssystem nach Anspruch 13 umfasst.
15. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schwenkstapels (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über
eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden
Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung, wobei das Verfahren
Folgendes umfasst:
Bereitstellen einer Gruppe von inneren ringförmigen Elementen (12, 14, 16), die ein
unteres ringförmiges Element (12), ein oberes ringförmiges Element (16) und ein zentrales
ringförmiges Element (14) umfassen;
Zentrieren des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) um die Drehachse mit einem Innenradius,
RI1, und einem ersten Radius (RO1);
Zentrieren des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) um die Drehachse mit dem Innenradius,
RI1, und dem ersten Außenradius (R01);
Zentrieren des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) um die Drehachse (A) und Versehen
des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) mit einer äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche
(15);
Anordnen des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) zwischen dem unteren ringförmigen
Element (12) und dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16), wobei das zentrale ringförmige
Element (14) den Innenradius und einen zweiten Außenradius (RO2) aufweist, wobei der
zweite Außenradius (RO2) zwischen dem Innenradius und dem ersten Außenradius (R01)
liegt, so dass ein runder Graben zwischen einer nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b)
des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und einer nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a)
des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) vorhanden ist, wobei die nach unten und nach
oben weisenden Oberflächen jeweils senkrecht zu der Drehachse sind;
wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes umfasst:
Zentrieren eines äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) um die Drehachse (A), wobei das
äußere ringförmige Element (18) eine innere Endfläche mit einem zweiten Innenradius
(RI2) und einem dritten Außenradius (RO3) aufweist, wobei der dritte Außenradius (RO3)
größer als der erste Außenradius (R01) ist und der zweite Innenradius (RI2) im Wesentlichen
gleich dem zweiten Außenradius (RO2) ist, mit einem Spalt zwischen dem äußeren ringförmigen
Element (16) und dem zentralen inneren ringförmigen Element (14); wobei die nach unten
und nach oben weisenden Oberflächen (16a, 16b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18)
direkt an die nach oben weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements
(12) bzw. die nach unten weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements
(16) angrenzen;
Anordnen der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18), die an der
flachen zylindrischen Endfläche (15) des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) anliegt,
Bereitstellen eines runden Grabens in der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen
Elements (18), so dass eine toroidale Kammer (24a) zwischen dem zentralen ringförmigen
Element (14) und dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) gebildet wird,
Versehen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements
(12) und der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements
(16) mit einer ersten abgestuften Oberfläche;
Versehen der nach oben und nach unten weisenden Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren
ringförmigen Elements (18) mit einerzweiten abgestuften Oberfläche; wobei die erste
und zweite abgestufte Oberfläche so konfiguriert sind, dass mindestens zwei ringförmige
Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) vorgesehen sind, die um die Drehachse, A, zentriert sind
und einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei die Hälfte der mindestens zwei
ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer ersten Schnittstelle zwischen der
nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und der
nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt
und die andere Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34)
an einer zweiten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche des unteren
ringförmigen Elements bzw. der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren ringförmigen
Elements (18) liegt,
gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) gleich oder kleiner als eine
Höhe (C) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) ist und die radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen
Kammer (24a) kleiner als eine Breite der beiden ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32,
34) zusammen ist.
1. Empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative
(72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante
(46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante, l'empilement de pivots (10) comprenant
:
un groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) qui comprend un élément annulaire
inférieur (12), un élément annulaire supérieur (16) et un élément annulaire central
(14) ;
l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) avec
un rayon intérieur et un premier rayon extérieur (R01) ;
l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) avec
le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) ;
l'élément annulaire central (14) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et ayant
une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15), positionnée entre l'élément annulaire
inférieur (12) et l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), l'élément annulaire central
(14) ayant le rayon intérieur et un deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2), avec le deuxième
rayon extérieur (RO2) entre le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1),
de manière à ce qu'une tranchée circulaire soit présente entre une surface orientée
vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et une surface orientée vers
le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), les surfaces orientées vers le
bas et vers le haut étant chacune perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation (A) ;
l'empilement de pivots (10) comprenant en outre :
un élément annulaire extérieur (18) centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et ayant
une surface d'extrémité intérieure avec un deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) et un troisième
rayon extérieur (RO3), avec le troisième rayon extérieur (RO3) plus grand que le premier
le rayon extérieur (RO1), et le deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) étant sensiblement
égal au deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec un espace entre l'élément annulaire extérieur
(18) et l'élément annulaire intérieur central (14) ; les surfaces orientées vers le
bas et vers le haut (18a, 18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) étant directement
adjacentes à la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur
(12) et à la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16),
respectivement ;
la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) venant en
butée contre la surface d'extrémité cylindrique plate (15) de l'élément annulaire
central (14) et pourvue d'une tranchée circulaire, de sorte qu'une chambre toroïdale
(24a) est formée entre l'élément annulaire central (14) et l'élément annulaire extérieur
(18),
où la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et
la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) ont une
première surface étagée et les surfaces orientées vers le haut et vers le bas (18a,
18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) ont une deuxième surface étagée, et les
première et deuxième surfaces étagées sont configurées de manière à ce qu'au moins
deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) centrées autour de l'axe de rotation (A)
et ayant une section transversale rectangulaire sont fournies, la moitié desdites
au moins deux des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une première interface (A1),
entre la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16)
et la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), et
l'autre moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une deuxième
interface (A2) entre la surface orientée vers le haut de l'élément annulaire inférieur
et la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), respectivement,
et caractérisé en ce qu'une largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est égale ou inférieure à une
hauteur (C) de la chambre toroïdale (24a), et la largeur radiale (B) de la chambre
toroïdale (24a) est inférieure à la largeur des deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32,
34) combinées.
2. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 1, où une bague d'étanchéité de type
joint facial (56) est disposée dans chacune des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28,
30, 32, 34).
3. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, où dans
chaque interface ladite moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34)
sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un espace intermédiaire (X) en direction radiale.
4. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1
à 3, où dans une direction radiale chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34)
est définie entre un bord extérieur sur un élément annulaire sélectionné parmi le
groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) et un bord intérieur sur l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18) ; les surfaces des bords intérieur et extérieur étant parallèles
à la direction de l'axe de rotation (A) et dans la direction parallèle à l'axe de
rotation (A), chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) est définie à la première
interface entre la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur
(18) et la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16)
et à la deuxième interface entre la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18) et la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire
inférieur (12).
5. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1
à 4, où chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) est définie par une largeur,
WS, dans la direction radiale et une profondeur (HS) dans la direction parallèle à
l'axe de rotation (A).
6. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1
à 5, où un renfoncement annulaire supplémentaire au-dessus et un renfoncement annulaire
supplémentaire en dessous de la tranchée circulaire dans la surface d'extrémité intérieure
de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) sont fournis ; chaque renfoncement supplémentaire
équipé d'une bague d'étanchéité orientée vers le piston.
7. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1
à 6, où dans chaque interface une douille annulaire (58) est disposée et la cavité
annulaire radialement la plus extérieure est séparée de la douille annulaire (58)
par un deuxième espace intermédiaire dans une direction radiale.
8. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1
à 7, où chacun de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur
(16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14) est configuré avec au moins un trou traversant
(50) s'étendant dans la direction parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A), l'au moins un
trou traversant (50) ayant une position correspondante dans chacun de l'élément annulaire
inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central
(14).
9. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 8, où l'élément annulaire central
(14) est configuré avec au moins un conduit radial (26) allant de l'un des au moins
un trou traversant (50) jusqu'à la surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15),
le conduit radial (26) étant disposé pour une communication fluidique avec la chambre
toroïdale (24a).
10. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant
en outre un élément annulaire de base (40) ayant au moins un trou traversant (50)
avec une position correspondant à la position de l'au moins un trou traversant (50)
dans chacun de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur
(16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14), et
comprenant en outre un conduit radial (26) s'étendant du trou traversant (50) jusqu'à
un orifice (80) sur une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15) de l'élément
annulaire de base (40).
11. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9
à 10, où l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) a en outre au moins un conduit radial
(26) s'étendant du trou traversant (50) jusqu'à un orifice (80) sur une surface d'extrémité
cylindrique extérieure (15) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18).
12. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8
à 11, où un tuyau d'insertion est disposé dans les trous traversants (50) positionnés
de manière correspondante de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire
supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14), le tuyau d'insertion allant
entre le conduit radial (26) de l'élément annulaire de base (40) et le conduit radial
(26) de l'élément annulaire central (14).
13. Système d'amarrage de tourelle comprenant un empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert
de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation
(A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante,
où l'empilement de pivots (10) est conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications
précédentes 1 à 12.
14. Construction offshore flottante (1) soit fournie d'un empilement de pivots (10) pour
le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un
axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite
d'écoulement sortante, où l'empilement de pivots (10) est selon l'une quelconque des
revendications précédentes 1 à 12, soit comprenant un système d'amarrage de tourelle
selon la revendication 13.
15. Procédé de fabrication d'un empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide
à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A)
entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante,
le procédé comprenant :
fournir un groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) qui comprend un élément
annulaire inférieur (12), un élément annulaire supérieur (16) et un élément annulaire
central (14) ;
centrer l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) autour de l'axe de rotation avec un rayon
intérieur, RI1, et un premier rayon (RO1) ;
centrer l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) autour de l'axe de rotation avec le rayon
intérieur, RI1, et le premier rayon extérieur (R01) centrant l'élément annulaire central
(14) autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et fournir l'élément annulaire central (14) avec
une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15) ;
positionner l'élément annulaire central (14) entre l'élément annulaire inférieur (12)
et l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), l'élément annulaire central (14) ayant le rayon
intérieur et un deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec le deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2)
entre le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) de manière à ce qu'une
tranchée circulaire soit présente entre une surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de
l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et une surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément
annulaire supérieur (16), les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut étant
chacune perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation ;
le procédé comprenant en outre :
centrer un élément annulaire extérieur (18) autour de l'axe de rotation (A), l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18) ayant une surface d'extrémité intérieure avec un deuxième
rayon intérieur (RI2) et un troisième rayon extérieur (RO3) avec le troisième rayon
extérieur (RO3) plus grand que le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) et le deuxième rayon
intérieur (RI2) étant sensiblement égal au deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec un
espace entre l'élément annulaire extérieur (16) et l'élément annulaire intérieur central
(14) ; les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut (16a, 16b) de l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18) étant directement adjacentes à la surface orientée vers le
haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et à la surface orientée vers le
bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur élément (16), respectivement ;
positionner la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18)
venant en butée contre la surface d'extrémité cylindrique plate (15) de l'élément
annulaire central (14),
fournir une tranchée circulaire dans la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18), de sorte qu'une chambre toroïdale (24a) est formée entre
l'élément annulaire central (14) et l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) fournissant
la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et la
surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) avec une
première surface étagée ;
fournir les surfaces orientées vers le haut et vers le bas (18a, 18b) de l'élément
annulaire extérieur (18) d'une deuxième surface étagée ; les première et deuxième
surfaces étagées étant configurées de manière à ce qu'au moins deux cavités annulaires
(28, 30, 32, 34) centrées autour de l'axe de rotation, A, et ayant une section transversale
rectangulaire sont fournies, la moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30,
32, 34) à une première interface entre la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément
annulaire supérieur (16) et la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire
extérieur (18) et l'autre moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32,
34) à une deuxième interface entre la surface orientée vers le haut de l'élément annulaire
inférieur et la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément annulaire extérieur
(18), respectivement,
caractérisé en ce qu'une largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est égale à ou inférieure à
une hauteur (C) de la chambre toroïdale (24a), et la largeur radiale (B) de la chambre
toroïdale (24a) est inférieure à la largeur des deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32,
34) combinées.