(19)
(11) EP 3 959 463 B1

(12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION

(45) Mention of the grant of the patent:
08.05.2024 Bulletin 2024/19

(21) Application number: 20719650.2

(22) Date of filing: 23.04.2020
(51) International Patent Classification (IPC): 
F16L 39/06(2006.01)
(52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC):
F16L 39/06
(86) International application number:
PCT/EP2020/061354
(87) International publication number:
WO 2020/216854 (29.10.2020 Gazette 2020/44)

(54)

SWIVEL STACK FOR TRANSFER OF FLUID ACROSS A ROTARY INTERFACE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A SWIVEL STACK

SCHWENKBARER STAPEL ZUR ÜBERTRAGUNG VON FLUID ÜBER EINE DREHBARE SCHNITTSTELLE UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG SOLCH EINES SCHWENKBAREN STAPELS

ENSEMBLE DE TÊTES D'INJECTION POUR LE TRANSFERT DE FLUIDE À TRAVERS UNE INTERFACE ROTATIVE ET PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION D'UN TEL ENSEMBLE DE TÊTES D'INJECTION


(84) Designated Contracting States:
AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

(30) Priority: 24.04.2019 EP 19170914

(43) Date of publication of application:
02.03.2022 Bulletin 2022/09

(73) Proprietor: Single Buoy Moorings Inc
1723 Marly (CH)

(72) Inventors:
  • RANDRIANARIVONY, Liva Christian
    98000 Bât. Aigue Marine (MC)
  • TRUCHI, Sébastien Jean-François
    98000 Bât. Aigue Marine (MC)

(74) Representative: Nederlandsch Octrooibureau 
P.O. Box 29720
2502 LS The Hague
2502 LS The Hague (NL)


(56) References cited: : 
US-A1- 2015 226 358
US-A1- 2017 002 964
US-A1- 2016 369 924
   
       
    Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).


    Description

    Technical field



    [0001] The present invention relates to a swivel stack for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface around a rotation axis between an incoming flow-line and an outgoing flow-line.

    [0002] Moreover, the invention relates to a turret mooring system comprising such a swivel stack. Also, the invention relates to a floating offshore construction provided with such a swivel stack and to a method for manufacturing such a swivel stack

    Background art



    [0003] Toroidal fluid swivels are known in the art for transfer of high-pressure fluids across a rotary interface between an incoming fluid line and an outgoing product piping. Applications for such a swivel include for example offshore oil and gas explorations where high-pressure flows of oil and/or gas are transferred from a (deep-sea) offshore well to a floating vessel such as a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel. Typically, such a floating vessel is equipped with a turret mooring system that can couple a mooring buoy or a "mooring structure" and that holds one or more riser lines from the well, to product piping ducts on the vessel. Since the turret mooring system should allow some rotation between the vessel and the buoy, the swivel is likewise adapted to provide rotation between the incoming fluid line and the product piping.

    [0004] In swivel designs, the rotary interface is provided with seals to prevent leakage. Within the rotary interface the seals are subjected to high pressure differences between the high-pressure fluids running through the swivel and ambient.

    [0005] Also, the seals are subjected to mechanical wear due to rotation of the interface. In the prior art, swivels (swivel stacks) thus face several issues affecting their performance and reliability; the main issue being the practical inability to change-out the dynamic seals in-situ, due to the relatively large size of the swivel parts.

    [0006] Another major issue is the difficulty to meet seal design criteria, especially when seal diameter, temperature range, or fluid pressure increases. It is an object of the invention to overcome or mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.

    [0007] US 2015/226358 A1 describes a fluid swivel that includes a stationary annular structure defining upper and lower annular seal slots, and a rotatable outer housing operatively connected to the stationary annular structure, the outer housing defining a radial groove that has upper and lower surfaces. Upper and lower seals are positioned between the stationary annular structure and the rotatable outer housing and disposed in the upper and lower seal slots. An inner fluid manifold is disposed in the stationary annular structure and arranged to provide fluid of pressure P to the radial groove the fluid exerting a first force longitudinally inwardly on the outer surface of the outer housing, and a second force longitudinally outwardly on the upper and lower surfaces of the radial groove, the second force having a greater magnitude than the first force so the outer housing deflects outwardly, pushing the upper and lower seals into the upper and lower seal slots.

    [0008] US 2017/002964 A1 describes a high pressure swivel which includes swivel modules each having a stationary inner structure and a rotatable outer structure that can rotate about the inner structure.

    [0009] US 2016/369924 A1 describes a fluid swivel including a stationery inner housing assembly and a rotatable outer housing operatively connected to the inner housing assembly.

    Summary of the invention



    [0010] The object is achieved by a swivel stack in accordance with appended claim 1. The structure of the swivel stack allows a relatively uncomplicated manner of assembly or disassembly, which also enhances the procedure to change-out any seals in the swivel stack.

    [0011] Further, the invention relates to a turret mooring system equipped with a swivel stack as defined above, to a floating offshore construction provided with a swivel stack as defined above and to a method for manufacturing a swivel stack as defined above.

    Brief description of drawings



    [0012] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings in which illustrative embodiments thereof are shown. The drawings are intended exclusively for illustrative purposes and not as a restriction of the inventive concept. The scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims.

    Figure 1 shows a cross-section in perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention;

    Figure 2 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention;

    Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention;

    Figure 4A and 4B shows detailed cross-sections of a stab-in pipe for use in a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention;

    Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention;

    Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a portion of a manifold block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, and

    Figure 7 shows schematically a floating offshore construction equipped with a swivel stack in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.



    [0013] In the following description of embodiments, items indicated by an identical reference sign refer to the same or a similar item.

    Detailed description of embodiments



    [0014] Figure 1 shows a cross-section in perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0015] A rotary interface 72 of a swivel stack 10 in accordance with the invention is constructed from a plurality of annular elements comprising a group of inner annular elements and an outer annular element that are all centered around a common rotation axis A.

    [0016] In this rotary interface, the outer annular element is configured for rotation around the rotation axis A relative to the group of inner annular elements.

    [0017] The rotary interface comprises a group of inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 and an outer annular element 18. The group of inner annular elements comprises a lower annular element 12, a central annular element 14 and an upper annular element 16.

    [0018] Each of inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 has a cylindrical inner surface at an inner radius RI1. The lower and upper annular elements 12, 16 each have a cylindrical outer surface at a first outer radius RO1. The central annular element 14 has a cylindrical outer surface at a second outer radius RO2. The second outer radius RO2 is smaller than the first outer radius RO1.

    [0019] When the inner, central and outer annular elements are stacked on each other, with the central annular element 14 positioned between the lower annular element 12 and the upper annular element 16, a circular trench is present between facing surfaces 12a, 16a of the lower annular element and the upper annular element, which surfaces are substantially perpendicular to the rotating axis A.

    [0020] The outer annular element 18 has a cylindrical inner surface at a second inner radius RI2 and a cylindrical outer surface at a third outer radius RO3, and is also centered around the rotation axis A. The second inner radius RI2 of the outer annular element 18 is somewhat larger than the second outer radius RO2 of the central inner annular element 14 in such a way there is a radial gap G (see Figure 2 and Figure 3) of about 1 mm between the central inner annular element and the outer annular element. The outer annular element 18 is arranged in the circular trench between the lower and the upper inner annular elements 12, 16 such that the cylindrical inner surface 22 of the outer annular element abuts the outer cylindrical surface 20 of the central inner annular element. Along the circumference of the cylindrical inner surface of the outer annular element a recess 24 is provided such that a toroidal chamber 24a is formed between the cylindrical outer surface 20 of the central inner annular element and the cylindrical inner surface 22 of the outer annular element 18.

    [0021] In the outer annular element 18, a conduit 26 in radial direction is provided between the recess 24 and the outer circumference to provide an outlet (or inlet) of the toroidal chamber 24a.

    [0022] The upward surface 12a of the lower annular element 12 and the downward surface 16a of the upper annular element 16 that each extend outward beyond the cylindrical outer surface 20 of the central annular element 14 at the second outer radius RO2, are provided with a first stepped surface. The outer annular element 18 has upward and downward surfaces 18a, 18b with a second stepped surface that is complementary to the first stepped surface.

    [0023] Between the downward facing surface 16a of the upper annular element 16 and the upward facing surface 18b of the outer annular element 18 and between the upward facing surface 12a of the lower annular element 12 and the downward facing surface 18a of the outer annular element 18, annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are formed in which face seal type seal rings are arranged (not shown here). The arrangement of the annular cavities and the seal rings will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 2.

    [0024] Referring to Figure 1, the swivel stack can comprise a plurality of rotary interfaces. To simplify stacking, the lower and upper annular elements 12, 16 are designed with a same shape of their upper and lower surfaces 12a, 16a (perpendicular to the rotation axis A). In this manner an upper annular element 16 of a first rotary interface can be used as a lower annular element 12 of a second rotary interface stacked on top of the first rotary interface.

    [0025] In between each pair of stacked outer annular elements a coupling ring or drive ring 36 is placed. The coupling rings are configured to couple the outer annular element pairwise for joined rotation. One of coupling rings is fitted with a pair of lugs (not shown) designed to receive a pair of drive arms 38 for coupling to an external structure (not shown) on the floating structure (not shown).

    [0026] The swivel stack 10 comprises a base annular element 40 on which a lower support annular element 42 is arranged. The lower support annular element 42 has an upward facing surface 42a that has an identical shape as an upward facing surface 12a of the lower annular element 12 as described above. The lower support annular element 42 has a stepped upward facing surface on which an outer annular element 18 can be arranged in a manner that annular cavities are present in between the annular elements 42, 18.

    [0027] The base annular element 40 is provided on its circumference with inlet ports 44 (and/or outlet ports) in radial direction that are each configured to be coupled with an incoming flow-line 46 or outgoing flow-line, respectively. Further, each inlet or outlet port 44 is coupled within the base annular element 40 with a conduit 48 extending upward and parallel to the rotation axis A.

    [0028] Each of the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 is provided with at least one through-hole 50 for transport of (hydrocarbon) fluids parallel to the rotation axis A. In each inner annular element 12, 14, 16 the at least one through-hole 50 is positioned at a location corresponding with the location of the conduit 48 in the base annular element 40.

    [0029] On the top of the swivel stack 10, a closing annular element 52 can optionally be arranged. The closing annular element 52 can also function as a support or (fluid) connector for an other swivel stack located above.

    [0030] Within the swivel stack 10, the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 are joined between the base annular element 40 and the closing annular element 52 by a plurality of bolted rods 54 extending through holes arranged on a pitch diameter DP of the annular elements. A more detailed illustration will be given below with reference to Figure 2.

    [0031] Figure 2 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0032] The first and second stepped surfaces have a layout in which four annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are centered around the rotation axis A. The first and second stepped surfaces have a rectangular cross-section and are provided between the central outer annular element 18 and the lower and upper inner annular elements 12, 16. Two of the annular cavities 28, 30 are arranged at a first interface A1 between the facing surfaces 16a, 18b of the upper annular element 16 and the outer annular element 18. The other two annular cavities 32, 34 are arranged at a second interface A2 between the facing surfaces 12a, 18a of the lower annular element 12 and the outer annular element 18. In each of the annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 a face seal type seal ring 56 is installed.

    [0033] In Figure 2, a portion of an arrangement of the lower annular element 12, the central annular element 14, the upper annular element 16 in combination with the outer annular element 18 is shown. Also, a portion of a bolted rod 54 is shown, extending through the lower, central and upper annular elements.

    [0034] Above and below the toroidal chamber 24a, the annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are arranged at a first and second interface A1, A2 between the outer annular element 18 and the upper annular element 16, and the central annular element 14 and the lower annular element 12, respectively.

    [0035] At both first and second interfaces A1, A2 an hydraulic area H, i.e., a radial area H where the annular cavities and corresponding seal rings are located, is kept minimal. That is, each of the annular cavities has a radial width W and each seal ring has a corresponding width when placed in the associated annular cavity. Between the two annular cavities 28, 30; 32, 34 in each of the first interface A1 and the second interface A2 a non-zero interspace X is arranged. Thus the radial area H has a width equal to the width W of the two annular cavities 28, 30;32, 34 plus the interspace X in the same interface A1; A2.

    [0036] In addition, to keep the hydraulic area H minimal, in each interface one of the two annular cavities 28; 32 is arranged directly adjacent to the cylindrical outer end surface 15 of the central annular element 14.

    [0037] A radial width B of the toroidal chamber 24a is equal to or smaller than a height C of the toroidal chamber 24a. Additionally, the radial width B of the toroidal chamber is smaller than the width of the hydraulic area H (i.e., the width W of the two annular cavities combined 28, 30;32, 34 plus the interspace X in the same interface A1; A2). At the same time, the inner diameter of the radially inner seal ring is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the toroidal chamber. When the toroidal chamber is under operational pressure, these measures have the effect that the vertical force F2 on the seals in the first and second interfaces A1; A2 is smaller than the vertical force F1 on the upper and lower radial walls of the toroidal chamber 24a.

    [0038] In addition, in each of the upward and downward facing surfaces 18a, 18b of the outer annular element 18, a bushing 58 (plain bearings) is positioned outside the hydraulic area H, thus at larger radius than the radius of the seal rings 56.

    [0039] In an embodiment, the bolted rods 54 are positioned at a distance to the second outer radius RO2 so as to leave 5 to 10 mm gap between the bolt hole and an O-ring seal groove 60 holding an O-ring seal ensuring tightness between the central annular element 14 and the lower/upper inner annular element 12; 16. To achieve this, the centre of each rod is located towards the outer radius RO1 and away from the inner radius RI1 in the central annular element.

    [0040] In this manner, the clamping force on each of the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 is mainly acting on the O-ring seal groove 60 to limit opening and risk of extrusion of the O-ring seal out of the O-ring seal groove 60 when associated flow lines and toroidal chamber in the swivel stack 10 are under high operating pressure. This technique translates the attempt to minimize the prying effect on the bolted rods (see below).

    [0041] It is recognized that a pressure induced end cap force is acting on the hydraulic area H - from the inner diameter of the O-ring seal groove 60 to an outer diameter of the outer annular cavity groove (holding the face seal). This force tends to open both the interface between the central annular element and lower annular element and the interface between the central annular element and upper annular element. The pressure induced end cap force is amplified by the ratio of the distance of the hydraulic area H to the inner radius RI1 to the distance of the bolt 54 to the same inner radius RI1 (prying effect): obviously the larger the distance of the bolt 54 to inner radius RI1, the smaller the tensile load on the bolt 54. This property is vital for this type of design.

    [0042] According to an embodiment, the first and second stepped surfaces have a layout in which at least two annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34 are centered around the rotation axis A with half of the at least two of the annular cavities located at a first interface between the downward facing surface of the upper annular element and the upward facing surface of the outer annular element and the other half of the at least two annular cavities located at a second interface between the upward facing surface of the lower annular element and the downward facing surface of the outer annular element, respectively.

    [0043] Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the rotary interface of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0044] The rotary interface shown in Figure 3 is largely identical to the rotary interface of Figure 2. Features with identical reference sign as in Figure 2 will not be described here.

    [0045] In the interface shown in Figure 3, additional recesses 62 are provided in the outer annular element 18 on either side of the toroidal chamber 24a to fit two additional seal rings 64, piston orientated. The additional seal rings 64 may be referred to as isolation seals, providing further isolation of the toroidal chamber 24a in the circumferential direction of the rotary interface.

    [0046] Figure 4a and 4b show details of a stab-in tube 66 for use in a swivel stack 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0047] In the through-holes 50 extending through the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16 of the swivel stack 10 a stab-in tube 66 can be placed to provide a conduit that runs between the base annular element 40 and the central annular element 18 associated with the respective through-hole connected to radial conduit 26 of the central annular element.

    [0048] The stab-in tube 66 has closed end caps 68 and is provided with openings 70a, 70b in its side wall at the level of the radial conduit 44 of the base annular element 40 and the level of the radial conduit 26 in the central annular element 18, respectively.

    [0049] In this manner a flow path for the fluid flowing through the stab-in tube is obtained that is leak-proof.

    [0050] Figure 4A shows a cross-section of the stab-in tube 66. Figure 4B shows a cross-section of a swivel stack with a stab-in tube 66 mounted in the through-holes 50 of the inner annular elements 12, 14, 16.

    [0051] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a swivel stack according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0052] The swivel stack 10 depicted here, comprises the base annular element 40, a number of rotary interfaces 72, 74, 76, 78 and a closing annular element 52.

    [0053] Further, the swivel stack 10 comprises a pair of coupling arms 30 attached to one of the coupling rings 36. The coupling arms are configured to be coupled to a vessel (not shown) in which the swivel stack is mounted. The coupling arms provide a fixed orientation of the rotary interfaces with respect to the vessel.

    [0054] On the outer cylindrical end surface of each rotary interface additional probing ports 80 can be present, which provide access to leak ports (not shown) in the hydraulic area H.

    [0055] Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a manifold block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

    [0056] When the swivel stack 10 is arranged on a turret mooring system on a floating object such as a vessel, the ports 44 for incoming/outgoing fluid on the base annular element 40 of the swivel stack can be coupled to riser lines 82 attached to a manifold structure (earthbound part) within the turret of the turret mooring system.

    [0057] According to an embodiment, a riser line 82 is equipped with a pipe flange 84. The pipe flange 84 of the riser line 82 is then coupled to an associated port 44 on the base annular element 40 by a flange 88 of spool piece 86 or connecting tube. The spool piece 86 is equipped with a spool piece flange 89 that is configured for connecting to the pipe flange 84 of the riser line 82. Spool pieces of different lengths and with different orientations of connectors on the flanges 88, 89 can be used for making a fluid connection between a riser line 82 and a port 44 for incoming/outgoing fluid.

    [0058] Figure 7 shows schematically an example of a floating offshore construction equipped with a swivel stack in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

    [0059] A floating production unit 1 such as an FPSO vessel, or in general an offshore vessel, is moored at a location at sea near a reservoir R in the seabed. Process equipment 2 on the vessel is shown schematically.

    [0060] The floating production unit 1 is turret moored. In Figure 7, according to an embodiment, the floating production unit is shown as turret moored, by means of a turret mooring system.

    [0061] Turret mooring systems provide a turret mooring structure comprising a turret structure 3 such as a mooring buoy and a support structure mounted on either the outside or the inside of the floating production unit 1. The turret structure 3 is anchored to the seabed with anchoring lines 5. Riser lines 82 (and other lines and other equipments 90 such as umbilical lines, gas/water injection lines, electric power lines, valves/shutters, etc.) are extending between the reservoir R under the seabed and the turret structure 3. The support structure, provided on the floating production unit 1, has a receptacle for receiving the turret structure 3, such that rotation of the floating production unit 1 about the turret structure 3 is still possible. In this manner, the floating production unit 1 can weathervane under influence of wind, waves, currents and/or drifting ice and adopt the position of least resistance with regard to the environment, while the riser lines remain at their unrotated position.

    [0062] A swivel stack 10 according to an embodiment of the invention is arranged in the turret mooring system to provide one or more rotary interfaces between the riser lines 82 and process equipment 2 on the floating vessel.

    [0063] According to an embodiment, the inner and outer annular elements are obtained from steel forgings and machined to the desired final shapes. The steel forgings may be based on carbon steel or stainless steel.

    [0064] The invention has been described with reference to some embodiments. The swivel stack shown is described here by way of an example. Configurations with a different number of rotary interfaces can be constructed within the scope of the invention.

    [0065] Obvious modifications and alterations will occur to the person skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description, which is to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description.

    References



    [0066] 
    Floating production unit 1
    Processing equipment 2
    Turret structure 3
    Anchoring line 5
    Swivel stack 10
    Inner annular elements 12, 14, 16
    Cylindrical outer end surface 15
    Upward surface 12a
    Downward surface 16a
    Outer annular element 18
    Downward facing surface 18a
    Upward facing surface 18b
    Outer cylindrical surface 20
    Cylindrical inner surface 22
    Recess 24
    Toroidal chamber 24a
    Conduit 26
    Annular cavities 28, 30, 32, 34
    Coupling ring or drive ring 36
    Pair of drive arms 38
    Base annular element 40
    Lower support annular element 42
    Inlet/outlet ports 44
    Flow-line 46
    Through-hole 50
    Closing annular element 52
    Bolt 54
    Face seal type seal ring 56
    Bushing 58
    O-ring seal groove 60
    Additional recess 62
    Isolation seal 64
    Stab-in tube 66
    Opening 70a, 70b
    Rotary interface 72, 74, 76, 78
    Probing port 80
    Riser line 82
    Pipe flange 84
    Spool piece 86
    Spool piece flange 88
    Equipment 90
       
    Interface A1, A2
    Rotating axis A
    Pitch diameter DP
    Radial gap G
    Hydraulic area H
    Radial width of chamber B
    Height of chamber C
    Vertical force F1, F2
    Reservoir R
    First outer radius RO1
    Second outer radius RO2
    Third outer radius RO3
    First inner radius RI1
    Second inner radius RI2
    Radial width W
    Interspace X



    Claims

    1. Swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line,

    the swivel stack (10) comprising:

    a group of inner annular elements (12, 14, 16) that comprises a lower annular element (12), an upper annular element (16) and a central annular element (14);

    the lower annular element (12) being centered around the rotation axis (A) with an inner radius and a first outer radius (RO1) ;

    the upper annular element (16) being centered around the rotation axis (A) with the inner radius and the first outer radius (RO1) ;

    the central annular element (14) being centered around the rotation axis (A) and having an outer cylindrical end surface (15), positioned between the lower annular element (12) and the upper annular element (16), the central annular element (14) having the inner radius and a second outer radius (RO2) with the second outer radius (RO2) between inner radius and first outer radius (RO1) , in a manner that a circular trench is present between an upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and a downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), the downward and upward facing surfaces each being perpendicular to the rotating axis (A);

    the swivel stack (10) further comprising:

    an outer annular element (18) centered around the rotation axis (A) and having an inner end surface with a second inner radius (RI2) and a third outer Z radius (RO3), with the third outer radius (RO3) larger than the first outer radius (RO1), and the second inner radius (RI2) being substantially equal to the second outer radius (RO2) with a gap between the outer annular element (18) and the central inner annular element (14); the downward and upward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular element (18) being directly adjacent to the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), respectively;

    the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) abutting the flat cylindrical end surface (15) of the central annular element (14) and provided with a circular trench, such that a toroidal chamber (24a) is formed between the central annular element (14) and the outer annular element (18),

    wherein the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) have a first stepped surface and the upward and downward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular element (18) have a second stepped surface, and the first and second stepped surfaces are configured in a manner that at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) centered around the rotation axis (A), and having a rectangular cross-section are provided, half of the at least two of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a first interface (A1) Z between the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) and the upward facing surface (18b) of the outer annular element (18) and the other half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a second interface (A2) between the upward facing surface of the lower annular element and the downward facing surface (18a) of the outer annular element (18), respectively, and

    characterised in that a radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is equal to or smaller than a height (C) of the toroidal chamber(24a), and the radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is smaller than a width of the two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) combined.


     
    2. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 1, wherein a face seal type seal ring (56) is arranged in each of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34).
     
    3. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein in each interface said half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) are separated from each other by an interspace (X) in radial direction.
     
    4. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-3, wherein in a radial direction each of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) is defined between an outward edge on one annular element selected from the group of inner annular elements (12, 14, 16) and an inward edge on the outer annular element (18); surfaces of the inward and outward edges being parallel to the direction of the rotation axis (A) and in the direction parallel to the rotation axis (A) each of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) is defined at the first interface between the upward facing surface (18b) of the outer annular element (18) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) and at the second interface between the downward facing surface (18a) of the outer annular element (18) and the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12).
     
    5. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-4, wherein each of the annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) is defined by a width, WS, in the radial direction and a depth (HS) in the direction parallel to the rotation axis (A).
     
    6. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-5, wherein an annular additional recess above and an annular additional recess below the circular trench in the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) are provided; each additional recess fitted with a piston orientated seal ring.
     
    7. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-6, wherein in each interface an annular bushing (58) is arranged and the radially outermost annular cavity is separated from the annular bushing (58) by a second interspace in radial direction.
     
    8. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of preceding claims 1-7, wherein each of the lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element (14) are configured with at least one through-hole (50) extending in the direction parallel to the rotation axis (A) the at least one through-hole (50) having a corresponding position in each of the lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element (14).
     
    9. Swivel stack (10) according to claim 8, wherein the central annular element (14) is configured with at least one radial conduit (26) running from one of the at least one through-hole (50) to the outer cylindrical end surface (15), the radial conduit (26) arranged for fluid communication with the toroidal chamber (24a).
     
    10. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a base annular element (40) having at least one through-hole (50) with a position corresponding to the position of the at least one through-hole (50) in each of the lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element (14), and further comprising a radial conduit (26) extending from the through-hole (50) to a port (80) on an outer cylindrical end surface (15) of the base annular element (40).
     
    11. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 9 - 10, wherein the outer annular element (18) further has at least one radial conduit (26) extending from the through-hole (50) to a port (80) on an outer cylindrical end surface (15) of the outer annular element (18).
     
    12. Swivel stack (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 8 - 11, wherein a stab-in pipe is arranged in the correspondingly positioned through-holes (50) of the lower annular element (12), upper annular element (16) and central annular element (14), the stab-in pipe running between the radial conduit (26) of the base annular element (40) and the radial conduit (26) of the central annular element (14).
     
    13. Turret mooring system comprising a swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line, wherein the swivel stack (10) is in accordance with any one of the preceding claims 1 -12.
     
    14. Floating offshore construction (1) either provided with a swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line, wherein the swivel stack (10) is according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 12, or comprising a turret mooring system according to claim 13.
     
    15. Method for manufacturing a swivel stack (10) for transfer of fluid across a rotary interface (72, 74, 76, 78) around a rotation axis (A) between an incoming flow-line (46) and an outgoing flow-line, the method comprising:

    providing a group of inner annular elements (12, 14, 16) that comprises a lower annular element (12), an upper annular element (16) and a central annular element (14);

    centering the lower annular element (12) around the rotation axis with an inner radius, RI1, and a first radius (RO1);

    centering the upper annular element (16) around the rotation axis with the inner radius, RI1, and the first outer radius (RO1) ;

    centering the central annular element (14) around the rotation axis (A) and providing the central annular element (14) with an outer cylindrical end surface (15);

    positioning the central annular element (14) between the lower annular element (12) and the upper annular element (16), the central annular element (14) having the inner radius and a second outer radius (RO2) the second outer radius (RO2) between inner radius and first outer radius (RO1) in a manner that a circular trench is present between an upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and a downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), the downward and upward facing surfaces each being perpendicular to the rotating axis;

    the method further comprising:

    centering an outer annular element (18) around the rotation axis (A) the outer annular element (18) having an inner end surface with a second inner radius (RI2) and a third radius (R03) with the third outer radius (RO3) larger than the first outer radius (RO1) and the second inner radius (RI2) being substantially equal to the second outer radius (RO2) with a gap between the outer annular element (16) and the central inner annular element (14); the downward and upward facing surfaces (16a, 16b) of the outer annular element (18) being directly adjacent to the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16), respectively;

    positioning the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18) abutting the flat cylindrical end surface (15) of the central annular element (14),

    providing a circular trench in the inner end surface of the outer annular element (18), such that a toroidal chamber (24a) is formed between the central annular element (14) and the outer annular element (18) ,

    providing the upward facing surface (12b) of the lower annular element (12) and the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) with a first stepped surface;

    providing the upward and downward facing surfaces (18a, 18b) of the outer annular element (18) with a second stepped surface; the first and second stepped surfaces being configured in a manner that at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) centered around the rotation axis, A, and having a rectangular cross-section are provided, half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a first interface between the downward facing surface (16a) of the upper annular element (16) and the upward facing surface (18b) of the outer annular element (18) and the other half of the at least two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) at a second interface between the upward facing surface of the lower annular element and the downward facing surface (18a) of the outer annular element (18), respectively,

    characterised in that a radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is equal to or smaller than a height (C) of the toroidal chamber (24a), and the radial width (B) of the toroidal chamber (24a) is smaller than a width of the two annular cavities (28, 30, 32, 34) combined.


     


    Ansprüche

    1. Schwenkstapel (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung, wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) Folgendes umfasst:

    eine Gruppe von inneren ringförmigen Elementen (12, 14, 16), die ein unteres ringförmiges Element (12), ein oberes ringförmiges Element (16) und ein zentrales ringförmiges Element (14) umfassen;

    wobei das untere ringförmige Element (12) um die Drehachse (A) mit einem Innenradius und einem ersten Außenradius (RO1) zentriert ist;

    das obere ringförmige Element (16) um die Drehachse (A) mit dem Innenradius und dem ersten Außenradius (RO1) zentriert ist;

    das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) um die Drehachse (A) zentriert ist und eine äußere zylindrische Endfläche (15) aufweist, die zwischen dem unteren ringförmigen Element (12) und dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) angeordnet ist, wobei das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) den Innenradius und einen zweiten Außenradius (RO2) aufweist, wobei der zweite Außenradius (RO2) zwischen dem Innenradius und dem ersten Außenradius (R01) liegt, so dass ein runder Graben zwischen einer nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und einer nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) vorhanden ist, wobei die nach unten und nach oben weisenden Oberflächen jeweils senkrecht zu der Drehachse (A) verlaufen;

    wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) ferner Folgendes umfasst:

    ein äußeres ringförmiges Element (18), das um die Drehachse (A) zentriert ist und eine innere Endfläche mit einem zweiten Innenradius (RI2) und einem dritten Außenradius (RO3) aufweist, wobei der dritte Außenradius (RO3) größer als der erste Außenradius (R01) ist und der zweite Innenradius (RI2) im Wesentlichen gleich dem zweiten Außenradius (RO2) ist, mit einem Spalt zwischen dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) und dem zentralen inneren ringförmigen Element (14); wobei die nach unten und nach oben weisenden Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) direkt an die nach oben weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) bzw. die nach unten weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) angrenzen;

    wobei die innere Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) an der flachen zylindrischen Endfläche (15) des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) anliegt und mit einem runden Graben versehen ist, so dass eine toroidale Kammer (24a) zwischen dem zentralen ringförmigen Element (14) und dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) gebildet wird,

    wobei die nach oben weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und die nach unten weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) eine erste abgestufte Oberfläche aufweisen und die nach oben und nach unten weisenden Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) eine zweite abgestufte Oberfläche aufweisen, und die erste und zweite abgestufte Oberfläche so konfiguriert sind, dass mindestens zwei ringförmige Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) vorgesehen sind, die um die Drehachse (A) zentriert sind und einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei die Hälfte der mindestens zwei der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer ersten Schnittstelle (A1) zwischen der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt und die andere Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer zweiten Schnittstelle (A2) zwischen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche des unteren ringförmigen Elements bzw. der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt, und

    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) gleich oder kleiner als eine Höhe (C) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) ist und die radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) kleiner als eine Breite der beiden ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) zusammen ist.


     
    2. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei in jedem der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) ein Gleitringdichtungsring (56) angeordnet ist.
     
    3. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei in jeder Schnittstelle die besagte Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) durch einen Zwischenraum (X) in radialer Richtung voneinander getrennt sind.
     
    4. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 3, wobei in einer radialen Richtung jeder der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) zwischen einer äußeren Kante an einem aus der Gruppe der inneren ringförmigen Elemente (12, 14, 16) ausgewählten ringförmigen Element und einer inneren Kante an dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) definiert ist;
    wobei die Oberflächen der inneren und äußeren Kanten parallel zu der Richtung der Drehachse (A) und in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) sind, wobei jeder der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an der ersten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) und der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und an der zweiten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) und der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) definiert ist.
     
    5. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 4, wobei jeder der ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) durch eine Breite, WS, in radialer Richtung und eine Tiefe (HS) in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) definiert ist.
     
    6. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 5, wobei eine ringförmige zusätzliche Aussparung oberhalb und eine ringförmige zusätzliche Aussparung unterhalb des runden Grabens in der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) vorgesehen sind; wobei jede zusätzliche Aussparung mit einem kolbenorientierten Dichtring ausgestattet ist.
     
    7. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 6, wobei in jeder Schnittstelle eine ringförmige Buchse (58) angeordnet ist und der radial äußerste ringförmige Hohlraum durch einen zweiten Zwischenraum in radialer Richtung von der ringförmigen Buchse (58) getrennt ist.
     
    8. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 7, wobei das untere ringförmige Element (12), das obere ringförmige Element (16) und das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) jeweils mit mindestens einem Durchgangsloch (50) konfiguriert sind, das sich in Richtung parallel zu der Drehachse (A) erstreckt, wobei das mindestens eine Durchgangsloch (50) eine entsprechende Position in jeweils dem unteren ringförmigen Element (12), dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) und dem zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) hat.
     
    9. Schwenkstapel (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) mit mindestens einer radialen Leitung (26) konfiguriert ist, die von einem des mindestens einen Durchgangslochs (50) zu der äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche (15) verläuft, wobei die radiale Leitung (26) zur Fluidkommunikation mit der toroidalen Kammer (24a) angeordnet ist.
     
    10. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der ferner ein ringförmiges Basiselement (40) mit mindestens einem Durchgangsloch (50) umfasst, dessen Position der Position des mindestens einen Durchgangslochs (50) in jeweils dem unteren ringförmigen Element (12), dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16) und dem zentralen ringförmigen Element (14) entspricht, und der ferner eine radiale Leitung (26) umfasst, die sich von dem Durchgangsloch (50) zu einem Anschluss (80) auf einer äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche (15) des ringförmigen Basiselements (40) erstreckt.
     
    11. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 9 - 10, wobei das äußere ringförmige Element (18) ferner mindestens eine radiale Leitung (26) aufweist, die sich von dem Durchgangsloch (50) zu einem Anschluss (80) auf einer äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche (15) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) erstreckt.
     
    12. Schwenkstapel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 - 11, wobei ein Einstichrohr in den entsprechend angeordneten Durchgangslöchern (50) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12), des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) angeordnet ist, wobei das Einstichrohr zwischen der radialen Leitung (26) des ringförmigen Basiselements (40) und der radialen Leitung (26) des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) verläuft.
     
    13. Turmverankerungssystem, das einen Schwenkstapel (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung umfasst, wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 12 entspricht.
     
    14. Schwimmende Offshore-Konstruktion (1), die entweder mit einem Schwenkstapel (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung versehen ist, wobei der Schwenkstapel (10) einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 12 entspricht, oder ein Turmverankerungssystem nach Anspruch 13 umfasst.
     
    15. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schwenkstapels (10) für den Transfer von Fluid über eine Drehschnittstelle (72, 74, 76, 78) um eine Drehachse (A) zwischen einer eingehenden Strömungsleitung (46) und einer ausgehenden Strömungsleitung, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:

    Bereitstellen einer Gruppe von inneren ringförmigen Elementen (12, 14, 16), die ein unteres ringförmiges Element (12), ein oberes ringförmiges Element (16) und ein zentrales ringförmiges Element (14) umfassen;

    Zentrieren des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) um die Drehachse mit einem Innenradius, RI1, und einem ersten Radius (RO1);

    Zentrieren des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) um die Drehachse mit dem Innenradius, RI1, und dem ersten Außenradius (R01);

    Zentrieren des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) um die Drehachse (A) und Versehen des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) mit einer äußeren zylindrischen Endfläche (15);

    Anordnen des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) zwischen dem unteren ringförmigen Element (12) und dem oberen ringförmigen Element (16), wobei das zentrale ringförmige Element (14) den Innenradius und einen zweiten Außenradius (RO2) aufweist, wobei der zweite Außenradius (RO2) zwischen dem Innenradius und dem ersten Außenradius (R01) liegt, so dass ein runder Graben zwischen einer nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und einer nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) vorhanden ist, wobei die nach unten und nach oben weisenden Oberflächen jeweils senkrecht zu der Drehachse sind;

    wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes umfasst:

    Zentrieren eines äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) um die Drehachse (A), wobei das äußere ringförmige Element (18) eine innere Endfläche mit einem zweiten Innenradius (RI2) und einem dritten Außenradius (RO3) aufweist, wobei der dritte Außenradius (RO3) größer als der erste Außenradius (R01) ist und der zweite Innenradius (RI2) im Wesentlichen gleich dem zweiten Außenradius (RO2) ist, mit einem Spalt zwischen dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (16) und dem zentralen inneren ringförmigen Element (14); wobei die nach unten und nach oben weisenden Oberflächen (16a, 16b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) direkt an die nach oben weisende Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) bzw. die nach unten weisende Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) angrenzen;

    Anordnen der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18), die an der flachen zylindrischen Endfläche (15) des zentralen ringförmigen Elements (14) anliegt, Bereitstellen eines runden Grabens in der inneren Endfläche des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18), so dass eine toroidale Kammer (24a) zwischen dem zentralen ringförmigen Element (14) und dem äußeren ringförmigen Element (18) gebildet wird,

    Versehen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (12b) des unteren ringförmigen Elements (12) und der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) mit einer ersten abgestuften Oberfläche;

    Versehen der nach oben und nach unten weisenden Oberflächen (18a, 18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) mit einerzweiten abgestuften Oberfläche; wobei die erste und zweite abgestufte Oberfläche so konfiguriert sind, dass mindestens zwei ringförmige Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) vorgesehen sind, die um die Drehachse, A, zentriert sind und einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei die Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer ersten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (16a) des oberen ringförmigen Elements (16) und der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche (18b) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt und die andere Hälfte der mindestens zwei ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) an einer zweiten Schnittstelle zwischen der nach oben weisenden Oberfläche des unteren ringförmigen Elements bzw. der nach unten weisenden Oberfläche (18a) des äußeren ringförmigen Elements (18) liegt,

    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) gleich oder kleiner als eine Höhe (C) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) ist und die radiale Breite (B) der toroidalen Kammer (24a) kleiner als eine Breite der beiden ringförmigen Hohlräume (28, 30, 32, 34) zusammen ist.


     


    Revendications

    1. Empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante, l'empilement de pivots (10) comprenant :

    un groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) qui comprend un élément annulaire inférieur (12), un élément annulaire supérieur (16) et un élément annulaire central (14) ;

    l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) avec un rayon intérieur et un premier rayon extérieur (R01) ;

    l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) avec le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) ;

    l'élément annulaire central (14) étant centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et ayant une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15), positionnée entre l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), l'élément annulaire central (14) ayant le rayon intérieur et un deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2), avec le deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) entre le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1), de manière à ce qu'une tranchée circulaire soit présente entre une surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et une surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut étant chacune perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation (A) ;

    l'empilement de pivots (10) comprenant en outre :

    un élément annulaire extérieur (18) centré autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et ayant une surface d'extrémité intérieure avec un deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) et un troisième rayon extérieur (RO3), avec le troisième rayon extérieur (RO3) plus grand que le premier le rayon extérieur (RO1), et le deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) étant sensiblement égal au deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec un espace entre l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) et l'élément annulaire intérieur central (14) ; les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut (18a, 18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) étant directement adjacentes à la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et à la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), respectivement ;

    la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) venant en butée contre la surface d'extrémité cylindrique plate (15) de l'élément annulaire central (14) et pourvue d'une tranchée circulaire, de sorte qu'une chambre toroïdale (24a) est formée entre l'élément annulaire central (14) et l'élément annulaire extérieur (18),

    où la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) ont une première surface étagée et les surfaces orientées vers le haut et vers le bas (18a, 18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) ont une deuxième surface étagée, et les première et deuxième surfaces étagées sont configurées de manière à ce qu'au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) centrées autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et ayant une section transversale rectangulaire sont fournies, la moitié desdites au moins deux des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une première interface (A1), entre la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), et l'autre moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une deuxième interface (A2) entre la surface orientée vers le haut de l'élément annulaire inférieur et la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), respectivement, et caractérisé en ce qu'une largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est égale ou inférieure à une hauteur (C) de la chambre toroïdale (24a), et la largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est inférieure à la largeur des deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) combinées.


     
    2. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 1, où une bague d'étanchéité de type joint facial (56) est disposée dans chacune des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34).
     
    3. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, où dans chaque interface ladite moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un espace intermédiaire (X) en direction radiale.
     
    4. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 3, où dans une direction radiale chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) est définie entre un bord extérieur sur un élément annulaire sélectionné parmi le groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) et un bord intérieur sur l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) ; les surfaces des bords intérieur et extérieur étant parallèles à la direction de l'axe de rotation (A) et dans la direction parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A), chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) est définie à la première interface entre la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) et la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et à la deuxième interface entre la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) et la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12).
     
    5. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 4, où chacune des cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) est définie par une largeur, WS, dans la direction radiale et une profondeur (HS) dans la direction parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A).
     
    6. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 5, où un renfoncement annulaire supplémentaire au-dessus et un renfoncement annulaire supplémentaire en dessous de la tranchée circulaire dans la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) sont fournis ; chaque renfoncement supplémentaire équipé d'une bague d'étanchéité orientée vers le piston.
     
    7. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 6, où dans chaque interface une douille annulaire (58) est disposée et la cavité annulaire radialement la plus extérieure est séparée de la douille annulaire (58) par un deuxième espace intermédiaire dans une direction radiale.
     
    8. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 7, où chacun de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14) est configuré avec au moins un trou traversant (50) s'étendant dans la direction parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A), l'au moins un trou traversant (50) ayant une position correspondante dans chacun de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14).
     
    9. Empilement de pivots (10) selon la revendication 8, où l'élément annulaire central (14) est configuré avec au moins un conduit radial (26) allant de l'un des au moins un trou traversant (50) jusqu'à la surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15), le conduit radial (26) étant disposé pour une communication fluidique avec la chambre toroïdale (24a).
     
    10. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un élément annulaire de base (40) ayant au moins un trou traversant (50) avec une position correspondant à la position de l'au moins un trou traversant (50) dans chacun de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14), et
    comprenant en outre un conduit radial (26) s'étendant du trou traversant (50) jusqu'à un orifice (80) sur une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15) de l'élément annulaire de base (40).
     
    11. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 à 10, où l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) a en outre au moins un conduit radial (26) s'étendant du trou traversant (50) jusqu'à un orifice (80) sur une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18).
     
    12. Empilement de pivots (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8 à 11, où un tuyau d'insertion est disposé dans les trous traversants (50) positionnés de manière correspondante de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12), de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et de l'élément annulaire central (14), le tuyau d'insertion allant entre le conduit radial (26) de l'élément annulaire de base (40) et le conduit radial (26) de l'élément annulaire central (14).
     
    13. Système d'amarrage de tourelle comprenant un empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante, où l'empilement de pivots (10) est conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 12.
     
    14. Construction offshore flottante (1) soit fournie d'un empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante, où l'empilement de pivots (10) est selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 12, soit comprenant un système d'amarrage de tourelle selon la revendication 13.
     
    15. Procédé de fabrication d'un empilement de pivots (10) pour le transfert de fluide à travers une interface rotative (72, 74, 76, 78) autour d'un axe de rotation (A) entre une conduite d'écoulement entrante (46) et une conduite d'écoulement sortante, le procédé comprenant :

    fournir un groupe d'éléments annulaires intérieurs (12, 14, 16) qui comprend un élément annulaire inférieur (12), un élément annulaire supérieur (16) et un élément annulaire central (14) ;

    centrer l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) autour de l'axe de rotation avec un rayon intérieur, RI1, et un premier rayon (RO1) ;

    centrer l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) autour de l'axe de rotation avec le rayon intérieur, RI1, et le premier rayon extérieur (R01) centrant l'élément annulaire central (14) autour de l'axe de rotation (A) et fournir l'élément annulaire central (14) avec une surface d'extrémité cylindrique extérieure (15) ;

    positionner l'élément annulaire central (14) entre l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), l'élément annulaire central (14) ayant le rayon intérieur et un deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec le deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) entre le rayon intérieur et le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) de manière à ce qu'une tranchée circulaire soit présente entre une surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et une surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16), les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut étant chacune perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation ;

    le procédé comprenant en outre :

    centrer un élément annulaire extérieur (18) autour de l'axe de rotation (A), l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) ayant une surface d'extrémité intérieure avec un deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) et un troisième rayon extérieur (RO3) avec le troisième rayon extérieur (RO3) plus grand que le premier rayon extérieur (RO1) et le deuxième rayon intérieur (RI2) étant sensiblement égal au deuxième rayon extérieur (RO2) avec un espace entre l'élément annulaire extérieur (16) et l'élément annulaire intérieur central (14) ; les surfaces orientées vers le bas et vers le haut (16a, 16b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) étant directement adjacentes à la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et à la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur élément (16), respectivement ;

    positionner la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) venant en butée contre la surface d'extrémité cylindrique plate (15) de l'élément annulaire central (14),

    fournir une tranchée circulaire dans la surface d'extrémité intérieure de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), de sorte qu'une chambre toroïdale (24a) est formée entre l'élément annulaire central (14) et l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) fournissant la surface orientée vers le haut (12b) de l'élément annulaire inférieur (12) et la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) avec une première surface étagée ;

    fournir les surfaces orientées vers le haut et vers le bas (18a, 18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) d'une deuxième surface étagée ; les première et deuxième surfaces étagées étant configurées de manière à ce qu'au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) centrées autour de l'axe de rotation, A, et ayant une section transversale rectangulaire sont fournies, la moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une première interface entre la surface orientée vers le bas (16a) de l'élément annulaire supérieur (16) et la surface orientée vers le haut (18b) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18) et l'autre moitié des au moins deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) à une deuxième interface entre la surface orientée vers le haut de l'élément annulaire inférieur et la surface orientée vers le bas (18a) de l'élément annulaire extérieur (18), respectivement,

    caractérisé en ce qu'une largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est égale à ou inférieure à une hauteur (C) de la chambre toroïdale (24a), et la largeur radiale (B) de la chambre toroïdale (24a) est inférieure à la largeur des deux cavités annulaires (28, 30, 32, 34) combinées.


     




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    Cited references

    REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION



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    Patent documents cited in the description