FILTRATION FOR RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

 Circuitry comprising: a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system; a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system; means for obtaining a first indicator, dependent on the first RAT system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; means for obtaining a second indicator, dependent on the second RAT system wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; and means for using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control characteristics of at least the first filter.

Description

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to radio communications and, in particular, filtration for Radio Access Technologies.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Radio communications occur using different radio access technologies. A single radio access technology (RAT) can use one or more frequency bands for transmitting/receiving radio signals. Different RATs can use the same or different frequency bands for transmitting/receiving radio signals.

[0003] It can be desirable to filter a transmitted or received signal so that it is limited or more limited to a specific frequency range or frequency ranges. This allows the signal to noise ratio of the analogue radio signal to be improved.

[0004] The environment in which radio communication occurs changes. What is communicated where can also change. It would be desirable to provide circuitry to control characteristics of a filter configured for a radio access technology.

BRIEF SUMMARY

[0005] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

means for obtaining a first indicator, dependent on the first RAT system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states;

means for obtaining a second indicator, dependent on a second RAT system, different to the first RAT system, wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; and

means for using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control characteristics of at least the first filter.

[0006] In some but not necessarily all examples, the circuitry comprises means for using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control filtration by the first filter.

[0007] In some but not necessarily all examples, the first indicator is indicative of a quality of communication using the first RAT system.

[0008] In some but not necessarily all examples, the second indicator is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system and the second RAT system.

[0009] In some but not necessarily all examples, the circuitry comprises means for conditionally configuring the first filter for applying filtration
when:

the first indicator is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system; and

the second indicator is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system and the second RAT system.

[0010] In some but not necessarily all examples, the circuitry comprises means for conditionally configuring the first filter for applying filtration
when:

the first indicator is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system; and

the second indicator is indicative of satisfaction of a condition dependent upon the second RAT system.

[0011] In some but not necessarily all examples, the first radio path is being used for transmission, the condition dependent upon the second RAT system is satisfied when reception in the second RAT system is bad.

[0012] In some but not necessarily all examples, the first radio path is being used for reception,
the condition dependent upon the second RAT system is satisfied when transmission in the second RAT system is present at interference levels.

[0013] In some but not necessarily all examples, the controlling the first filter comprises: adding, removing and/or adjusting a component of the first filter.

[0014] In some but not necessarily all examples, the first RAT system is one of a 3GPP network and a WiFi network and wherein the second RAT system is the other one of a 3GPP network and a WiFi network.

[0015] In some but not necessarily all examples, the circuitry comprises a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system; and
means for controlling:

a) the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT at interference levels;

c) the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT at interference levels.

[0016] In some but not necessarily all examples, the first filter is controlled differently to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT and to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT; and/or wherein the second filter is controlled differently to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT and to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT.

[0017] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided a chipset for radio communications comprising the circuitry.

[0018] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided a user equipment for radio communications comprising the circuitry or the chipset.

[0019] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided a method comprising:

obtaining a first indicator, dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states;

obtaining a second indicator, dependent on a second RAT system wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; and

using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system.

[0020] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided a computer program that, when run on a computer, performs:

processing a combination of the states of a first indicator and a second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system, wherein

the first indicator is dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system and is one of a predetermined number of states; and

the second indicator is dependent on a second RAT system and is one of a predetermined number of states.

[0021] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for controlling

the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT; and/or

the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels.

[0022] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT; and/or augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels.

[0023] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for controlling

a) the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels;

c) the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT present at interference levels.

[0024] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

a) means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels;

c) means for augmenting filtration by the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) means for augmenting filtration by the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT present at interference levels.

[0025] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided examples as claimed in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0026] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1

shows an example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 2

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 3A

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 3B

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 4A

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 4B

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 5

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIGs. 6A to 6D

show other examples of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 7

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 8

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 10

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 11

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 12

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 13

shows another example of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 14

shows another example of the subject matter described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The drawings illustrate, and the following description describes, various examples of circuitry 100 comprising

a first radio path 12 comprising a first filter 14 configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system 10;

means for obtaining a first indicator 21, dependent on the first RAT system 10, wherein the first indicator 21 is one of a predetermined number of states;

means for obtaining a second indicator 22, dependent on a second RAT system different to the first RAT system, wherein the second indicator 22 is one of a predetermined number of states; and

means 16 for using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control characteristics of at least the first filter 14.

[0028] FIG 1 illustrates an example of circuitry 100 for a single radio access technology system 10. The circuitry 100 can, in some examples, be used for more than one radio access technology or more than one frequency band. FIG 2 illustrates an example, of circuitry 100 that can be used for multiple radio access technologies. There are two radio access technology systems 10₁, 10₂. In this example, but not necessarily all examples the RAT systems 10₁, 10₂ share a common front end 30 that is coupled to one or more shared antennas 32.

[0029] The circuitry 100 comprises:

a first radio path 12₁ comprising a first filter 14₁ configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system 10₁;

a second radio path 12₂ comprising a second filter 14₂ configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system 10₂ different to the first RAT system 10₁;

means for obtaining a first indicator 21, dependent on the first RAT system 10₁, wherein the first indicator 21 is one of a predetermined number of states;

means for obtaining a second indicator 22, dependent on the second RAT system 10₂, wherein the second indicator 22 is one of a predetermined number of states; and

means 16₁ for using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control characteristics of at least the first filter 14₁; and

means 16₂ for using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control characteristics of at least the second filter 14₂.

[0030] In the examples of FIG 1 and 2, the first indicator 21 is a result of a quantisation process that quantises a value dependent upon the first RAT system 10₁. The first indicator 21 is not necessarily Boolean. The quantisation is not necessarily fixed e.g. thresholds used for quantisation can be fixed or variable. In some examples a threshold or thresholds can be history dependent. For example, the variability could depend upon history e.g. hysteresis. The value can be the result of a calculation, a measurement or another parameter.

[0031] The second indicator 22 is a result of quantisation process that quantises a value dependent upon the second RAT system 10₂. The second indicator 22 is not necessarily Boolean. The quantisation is not necessarily fixed e.g. thresholds used for quantisation can be fixed or variable. In some examples a threshold or thresholds can be history dependent. For example, the variability could depend upon history e.g. hysteresis. The value can be the result of a calculation, a measurement or another parameter.

[0032] The means 16₁ for using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control characteristics of the first filter 14₁ can for example use digital processing or logic to control the first filter 14₁.

[0033] The means 16₂ for using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control characteristics of the second filter 14₂ can for example use digital processing or logic to control the second filter 14₂.

[0034] A combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 control characteristics of the first filter 14₁.

[0035] A combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 control characteristics of the second filter 14₂.

[0036] The first indicator 21 can be indicative of a quality of communication using the first RAT system 10₁. In some examples, the first indicator 21 can be indicative of a quality of reception at the first RAT system 10₁. In this example, the first indicator 21 can be a level of reception, and that level of reception can depend on a reception measurement.

[0037] Suitable quality metrics that can be used as or to create the first indicator 21 include any one or more of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), and/or a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI).

[0038] The first indicator 21 can be quantised so that it is a digital indicator.

[0039] The second indicator 22 is indicative of satisfaction of a condition dependent upon the second RAT system 10₂. The condition can, for example, vary in dependence upon whether the first filter 14₁ is being used for transmission or for reception.

[0040] In at least some examples, the second indicator 22 is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂. When the first filter 14₁ is being used for transmission (TX), the second indicator 22 can indicate a measured level of reception (RX) at the second RAT 10₂. When the first filter 14₁ is being used for reception, the second indicator 22 can indicate a measured level or presence of transmission from the second RAT 10₂.

[0041] Where the second RAT 10₂ is a cellular system e.g. 5G New Radio (NR), a measured level of reception at the second RAT 10₂ can, for example, be inferred from a level of transmission at the second RAT 10₂ which depends on a measured level of reception e.g. via power control.

[0042] Different examples a), b), c), d) will now be described:

a) augments the filtering of transmission (TX) by the first RAT system 10₁

b) augments the filtering of reception (RX) by the first RAT system 10₁

c) augments the filtering of transmission (TX) by the second RAT system 10₂

d) augments the filtering of reception (RX) by the second RAT system 10₂

a) Filtering at transmission (TX), limits what is transmitted. In at least some examples, the circuitry 100 augments the filtering of transmission (TX) by the first RAT system 10₁ when there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂ and filtering of transmission (TX) by the first RAT system 10₁ will not have a negative impact on the first RAT system 10₁ .

[0043] The associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the first filter 14₁ in this way are defined by condition:

i) first indicator 21 indicates that reception in the first RAT 10₁ is GOOD (and consequently filtering of transmission (TX) by the first RAT system 10₁ will not have a negative impact on the first RAT system 10₁ )
AND

ii) second indicator 22 indicates that reception in the second RAT system 10₂ is BAD (there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂).

[0044] When the condition is satisfied, the first filter 14₁ is controlled to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT system 10₂ from the first RAT system 10₁. This improves reception at the second RAT system 10₂.

[0045] This corresponds to the examples, described later with respect to FIG 6A, FIG 8 ( part (a) ) and Table 1 (Row 4).

[0046] b) Filtering at reception (RX), limits what is received and processed. In at least some examples, the circuitry 100 augments the filtering of reception (RX) by the first RAT system 10₁ when there is interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁ and filtering of reception (RX) by the first RAT system 10₁ (to reduce the transmissions from the second RAT system 10₂) will not have a negative impact on the first RAT system 10₁.

[0047] The associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the first filter 14₁ in this way are defined by condition:

i) first indicator 21 indicates that reception in the first RAT 10₁ is GOOD (and consequently filtering of reception (RX) by the first RAT system 10₁ will not have a negative impact on the first RAT system 10₁ )
AND

ii) second indicator 22 indicates that transmission in the second RAT system 10₂ is PRESENT (there is interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁ because transmission is present from the second RAT system 10₂ at interference levels).

[0048] When the condition is satisfied, the first filter 14₁ is controlled to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁. This improves reception at the first RAT system 10₁.

[0049] This corresponds to the example, described later with respect to FIG 6B, FIG 8 ( part (b) ) and Table 1 (Row 5).

[0050] In both examples (TX and RX), the associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the first filter 14₁ requires that first indicator 21 is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system 10₁ and the second indicator 22 is indicative of satisfaction of a condition dependent upon the second RAT system 10₂. The condition is different depending on whether the filtration at the first filter 14₁ will be for transmission or reception.

[0051] When the first radio path is being used for transmission, the condition dependent upon the second RAT system 10₂ is satisfied when reception in the second RAT system 10₂ is BAD.

[0052] When the first radio path is being used for reception, the condition dependent upon the second RAT system 10₂ is satisfied when transmission in the second RAT system 10₂ is present at interference levels.

[0053] c) In at least some examples, the circuitry 100 augments the filtering of transmission (TX) by the second RAT system 10₂ when there is interference from the second RAT system 10₁ to the first RAT system 10₁ and filtering of transmission (TX) by the second RAT system 10₂ will not have a negative impact on the second RAT system 10₂.

[0054] The associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the second filter 14₂ in this way are defined by condition:

i) second indicator 22 indicates that reception in the second RAT 10₂ is GOOD (and consequently filtering of transmission (TX) by the second RAT system 10₂ will not have a negative impact on the second RAT system 10₂ )
AND

ii) first indicator 21 indicates that reception in the first RAT system 10₁ is BAD (there is interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁).

[0055] When the condition is satisfied, the second filter 14₂ is controlled to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT system 10₁ from the second RAT system 10₂. This improves reception at the first RAT system 10₁.

[0056] This corresponds to the example, described later with respect to FIG 6C, FIG 9 ( part (c) ) and Table 1 (Row 8).

[0057] d) In at least some examples, the circuitry 100 augments the filtering of reception (RX) by the second RAT system 10₂ when there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂ and filtering of reception (RX) by the second RAT system 10₂ (to reduce the transmissions from the first RAT system 10₁) will not have a negative impact on the second RAT system 10₂.

[0058] The associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the second filter 14₂ in this way are defined by condition:

i) second indicator 22 indicates that reception in the second RAT system 10₂ is GOOD (and consequently filtering of reception (RX) by the second RAT system 10₂ will not have a negative impact on the second RAT system 10₂)
AND

ii) first indicator 21 indicates that transmission in the first RAT system 10₁ is PRESENT (there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂ because transmission is present from the first RAT system 10₁ at interference levels).

[0059] When the condition is satisfied, the second filter 14₂ is controlled to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂. This improves reception at the second RAT system 10₂.

[0060] This corresponds to the example, described later with respect to FIG 6D, FIG 9 ( part (d) ) and Table 1 (Row 11).

[0061] In both examples (TX and RX), the associated combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to enable control of the characteristics of the second filter 14₂ requires that second indicator 22 is indicative of a good quality of communication using the second RAT system 10₂ and the first indicator 21 is indicative of satisfaction of a condition dependent upon the first RAT system 10₁. The condition is different depending on whether the filtration at the second filter 14₂ will be for transmission or reception.

[0062] When the second radio path is being used for transmission, the condition dependent upon the first RAT system 10₁ is satisfied when reception in the first RAT system 10₁ is BAD.

[0063] When the second radio path is being used for reception, the condition dependent upon the first RAT system 10₁ is satisfied when transmission in the first RAT system 10₁ is present at interference levels.

[0064] In the above-described examples, a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 is used to control filtration by the first filter 14₁. When the first indicator 21 is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system 10₁ and the second indicator 22 is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system and the second RAT system, the first filter 14₁ is configured for supplementary filtration.

[0065] Radio Access Technologies operate independently having protocol stacks that can be separate at layers 1 and 2, at least. They can use separate radio frequency front end filtering (layer 1).

[0066] FIG 3A illustrates an example in which the first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ are independent at the control plane. In this example, the first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ share a common radio frequency front end module 30 but do not share a common controller. The first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ are, in this example, configured for duplex operation.

[0067] Typically, a front-end module comprises filters and switches that combine several bands and RATs to the same antenna. Sometimes it also includes the power amplifier.

[0068] In this example, but not necessarily all examples, the first RAT system 10₁ comprises a WiFi sub-system and a portion of the front-end module 30, and the second RAT system 10₂ comprises a 5G New Radio sub-system and a portion of the front-end module 30.

[0069] In this document reference to WiFi can refer to the standard IEEE 802.11 a/n/ac. In this document reference to 5G New Radio can refer to the 3GPP standard and, in particular frequency band n79. 5G NR band n79 is located at 4.4GHz to 5GHz, which is right next to the Wi-Fi 802.11 n (and above) band which is located at 5.15GHz to 5.825 GHz. Channel 50 of U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A is centred at 5.25GHz with a 160MHz bandwidth.

[0070] In other examples, the first filter 14₁ of the first RAT system 10₁ and the second filter 14₂ of the second RAT system 10₂ have operational bandwidths above 1GHz.

[0071] The front-end module 30, in this example, comprises the circuitry 100 including control means 16 and filter 14 for each of the two RATs. The interface between the WiFi sub system and the front-end module therefore provides both the first and second indicators 21, 22 to the circuitry 100. In this example, the first RAT system 10₁ obtains the second indicator 22 from the second RAT system 10₂, for example, from a power detector. The interface between the 5G NR sub system and the front-end module therefore provides both the first and second indicators 21, 22 to the circuitry 100. In this example, the second RAT system 10₂ obtains the first indicator 21 from the first RAT system 10₂, for example, from a power detector.

[0072] In other examples, the front-end module 30, can comprise the filter 14, but not the control means 16, for each of the two RATs. In this example, the WiFi sub system comprises the control means 16₁ which obtains the second indicator 22 from the second RAT system 10₂. The 5G NR sub system comprises the control means 16₂ which obtains the first indicator 21 from the first RAT system 10₁.

[0073] FIG 3B illustrates an example in which the first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ are not independent at the control plane. The first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ share a common controller 40.

[0074] In this example, the first RAT system 10₁ and the second RAT system 10₂ share a common radio frequency front end module 30.

[0075] In this example, but not necessarily all examples, the first RAT system 10₁ comprises a WiFi sub-system and a portion of the front-end module 30, and the second RAT system 10₂ comprises a 5G New Radio sub-system and a portion of the front-end module 30.

[0076] The front-end module 30, in this example, comprises the circuitry 100 including control means 16 and filter 14 for each of the two RATs. The interface between the WiFi sub system and the front-end module therefore provides both the first and second indicators 21, 22 to the circuitry 100. In this example, the first RAT system 10₁ obtains the second indicator 22 from the controller 40. The interface between the 5G NR sub system and the front-end module therefore provides both the first and second indicators 21, 22 to the circuitry 100. In this example, the second RAT system 10₂ obtains the first indicator 21 from the controller 40.

[0077] In other examples, the front-end module 30, can comprise the filter 14, but not the control means 16, for each of the two RATs. In this example, the WiFi sub system comprises the control means 16₁ which obtains the second indicator 22 from the controller 40. The 5G NR sub system comprises the control means 16₂ which obtains the first indicator 21 from the controller 40.

[0078] The controlling 16₁, 16₂ of characteristics of the filters 14₁, 14₂ using combinations of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 can comprise adding, removing and/or adjusting a component of the filter 14₁, 14₂, for example as illustrated in FIGs 4A and 4B.

[0079] FIG 4A illustrates an example of a filter 14 that is configurable to have different complex impedance.

[0080] The filter 14 comprises a parallel path 50 comprising, in series, a shunt resonator 52 to ground 54 and a phase element 56 for introducing a phase delay/advance.

[0081] The parallel path 50 can be selectively connected and disconnected to end nodes of an internode connection 51 by switches 58.

[0082] The impedance characteristics of the filter 14 are controlled by switches 58 which either connect or disconnect the parallel path 50.

[0083] The impedance characteristics of the filter 14 is also controlled by the characteristics of the shunt resonator 52 and also by the phase delay/advance introduced by the phase delay element 56. In this example, the characteristics of the shunt resonator 52 are fixed but the phase element 56 is programmable.

[0084] In this example, but not necessarily all examples, the shunt resonator 52 is a single zero filter and changing the phase of the phase element 56 controls the position of the zero in frequency. This is illustrated in FIGs 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D.

[0085] In other examples the shunt resonator 52 can be a multiple zero filter.

[0086] FIG 4B illustrates a filter 14 similar to that illustrated in FIG 4A. However, in this example, there are multiple parallel paths 50 and each path has a phase element 56 with a different fixed or variable phase. The parallel paths 50 can be selectively connected and disconnected to end nodes of an internode connection 51 by switches 58. The programming of the filter 14 in this example is therefore achieved by selectively connecting/disconnecting parallel paths 50₁, 50₂.

[0087] FIG 5 illustrates an ideal non-augmented filter response 60₁ of the first filter 14₁ and an actual non-augmented filter response 61₁ of the first filter 14₁.The filter responses illustrate the transmission coefficient S21. One or both of the filter responses 60₁, 61₁ can be band-pass responses that should have high transmission for frequencies in a first band corresponding to the operational frequency band of the first RAT system 10₁ and low transmission for frequencies outside (e.g. below) the first band. One or both of the filter responses 60₁, 61₁ can be high-pass responses that should have high transmission for frequencies in and above the first band.

[0088] The first filter 14₁ is a passband filter for the first band comprising low in-(first) band attenuation and high out-of-(first) band attenuation. The controlling of the first filter 14₁ comprises at least further increasing the out-of-band attenuation.

[0089] Portions of the non-augmented filter response 60₁ are labelled [4], [5], [6].

[0090] At portion [4] of the non-augmented filter response 60₁, the first RAT 10₁ transmits with more power than 'ideal' out-of-band. The first RAT 10₁ (WiFi) uses supplementary filtration at transmission, via the first filter 14₁, to avoid interference to the second RAT 10₂ (5G). An example of supplementary filtration 62_a is illustrated in FIG 6A. This illustrates filtering of transmission (TX) by the first RAT system 10₁ when there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂. In this example, the supplementary filtration 62a is predominantly outside the first band.

[0091] At portion [5] of the non-augmented filter response 60₁, the second RAT 10₂ (5G) transmits with more power than 'ideal'. The first RAT 10₁ (WiFi) uses supplementary filtration at reception, via the first filter 14₁, to avoid interference from the second RAT 10₂ (5G). An example of supplementary filtration 62_b is illustrated in FIG 6B. This illustrates filtering of reception (RX) by the first RAT system 10₁ when there is interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁. In this example, the supplementary filtration 62_b is predominantly inside the second band.

[0092] At portion [6] of the non-augmented filter response 60₁, the first RAT 10₁ transmits with insertion loss. The first RAT 10₁ (WiFi) does not use supplementary filtration at transmission, via the first filter 14₁.

[0093] FIG 5 also illustrates an ideal non-augmented filter response 60₂ of the second filter 14₂ and an actual non-augmented filter response 61₂ of the second filter 14₂. The filter responses illustrate the transmission coefficient S21. One or both of the filter responses 60₂, 61₂ can be band-pass responses that should have high transmission for frequencies in a second band corresponding to the operational frequency band of the second RAT system 10₂ and low transmission for frequencies outside (e.g. above) the second band. One or both of the filter responses 60₂, 61₂ can be low-pass responses that should have high transmission for frequencies in or below the second band.

[0094] The second filter 14₂ is a passband filter for the second band comprising low in-band attenuation and high out-of-(second) band attenuation. The controlling of the second filter 14₂ comprises at least further increasing the out-of-(second) band attenuation.

[0095] Portions of the non-augmented filter response 60₂ are labelled [1], [2], [3].

[0096] At portion [1] of the non-augmented filter response 60₂, the second RAT 10₂ (5G) transmits with more power than 'ideal' out-of-band. The second RAT 10₂ (5G) uses supplementary filtration at transmission, via the second filter 14₂, to avoid interference to the first RAT 10₁ (WiFi). An example of supplementary filtration 62_c is illustrated in FIG 6C. This illustrates filtering of transmission (TX) by the second RAT system 10₂ when there is interference from the second RAT system 10₂ to the first RAT system 10₁. In this example, the supplementary filtration 62_c is predominantly outside the second band.

[0097] At portion [2] of the non-augmented filter response 60₂, the first RAT 10₁ (WiFi) transmits with more power than 'ideal'. The second RAT 10₂ (5G) uses supplementary filtration at reception, via the second filter 14₂, to avoid interference from the first RAT 10₁ (WiFi). An example of supplementary filtration 62_d is illustrated in FIG 6D. This illustrates filtering of reception (RX) by the second RAT system 10₂ when there is interference from the first RAT system 10₁ to the second RAT system 10₂. In this example, the supplementary filtration 62_d is predominantly inside the first band.

[0098] At portion [3] of the non-augmented filter response 60₂, the second RAT 10₂ transmits with insertion loss. The second RAT 10₂ (5G) does not use supplementary filtration at transmission, via the second filter 14₂.

[0099] The characteristics of the first filter 14₁ and/or the second filter 14₂ can therefore be controlled to reduce the interference at a RAT system 10 caused by transmission by another RAT system 10. FIG 6A and 6B illustrate augmenting the first filter 14₁. FIG 6C and 6D illustrate augmenting the second filter 14₂.

[0100] In FIG 6A the supplementary filtration 62_a (first path) targets out-of-band TX by the first RAT 10₁. In FIG 6B, the supplementary filtration 62_b (first path) targets in-band TX by the second RAT 10₂.

[0101] In FIG 6C, the supplementary filtration 62_c (second path) targets out-of-band TX by the second RAT 10₂. In FIG 6D, the supplementary filtration 62_d (second path) targets in-band TX by first RAT 10₁.

[0102] FIG 7 illustrates a first filter 14₁ that is configured to augment a filter 34₁ for the first RAT system 10₁ that is connected to an antenna 32 and a second filter 14₂ that is configured to augment a filter 34₂ for the second RAT system 10₂ that is connected to the antenna 32.

[0103] In this example, the front end module 30 comprises filters 34₁, 34₂. In other examples, the front end module 30 comprises filters 34₁, 34₂ and filters 14₁, 14₂.

[0104] The first filter 14₁ can operate as described with reference to FIG 4A or FIG 4B, for example. The example illustrated is in accordance with the example of FIG 4A.

[0105] The second filter 14₂ can operate as described with reference to FIG 4A or FIG 4B, for example. The example illustrated is in accordance with the example of FIG 4A.

[0106] The first filter 14₁ therefore has a non-augmented state [6] and two augmented states [4] and [5] which correspond respectively to FIGs 6A and 6B. The states [4], [5], [6] correspond to portions [4], [5], [6] of the non-augmented filter response 60₁ of the first filter 14₁. The non-augmented state [6] corresponds to the filter 34₁. The augmented state [4] corresponds to the filter 34₁ augmented using the parallel path 50 with the phase element 56 set to a first value. The augmented state [5] corresponds to the filter 34₁ augmented using the parallel path 50 with the phase element 56 set to a second value.

[0107] The second filter 14₂ therefore has a non-augmented state [3] and two augmented states [1] and [2] which correspond respectively to FIGs 6C and 6D. The states [1], [2], [3] correspond to portions [1], [2], [3] of the non-augmented filter response 60₂ of the second filter 14₂. The non-augmented state [3] corresponds to the filter 34₂. The augmented state [1] corresponds to the filter 34₂ augmented using the parallel path 50 with the phase element 56 set to a first value. The augmented state [2] corresponds to the filter 34₂ augmented using the parallel path 50 with the phase element 56 set to a second value.

[0108] The circuitry 100 therefore provides means for controlling:

a) the first filter 14₁ to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT system 10₂, when there is good reception in the first RAT system 10₁ and bad reception in the second RAT system 10₂ (FIG 6A; state/portion [4]);

b) the first filter 14₁ to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT system 10₂ when there is good reception in the first RAT system 10₁ and transmission is present from the second RAT system 10₂ at interference levels (FIG 6B; state/portion [5]);

c) the second filter 14₂ to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT system 10₁ when there is good reception in the second RAT system 10₂ and bad reception in the first RAT system 10₁ (FIG 6C; state/portion [1]); and

d) the second filter 14₂ to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT system 10₁ when there is good reception in the second RAT system 10₂ and transmission is present from the first RAT system 10₁ at interference levels (FIG 6D; state/portion [2]).

[0109] The first filter 14₁ is controlled differently to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT 10₂ and to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT 10₂.

[0110] The second filter 14₂ is controlled differently to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT 10₁ and to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT 10₁.

[0111] FIG 8 illustrates that the states of the first filter 14₁ can be controlled by combinations of different states of the first indicator 21 and second indicator 22 using logic. In this example, the states of the first indicator 21 and second indicator 22 are binary.

[0112] The FIG illustrates in order the non-augmented state [6], the augmented state [4] and the augmented state [5] as previously described.

[0113] In the portion of FIG 8 labelled (a), the first filter 14₁ is controlled to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT system 10₂, when there is good reception in the first RAT system 10₁ and bad reception in the second RAT system 10₂ (FIG 6A; state/portion [4]).

[0114] In the portion of FIG 8 labelled (b), the first filter 14₁ is controlled to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT system 10₂ when there is good reception in the first RAT system 10₁ and transmission is present from the second RAT system 10₂ at interference levels (FIG 6B; state/portion [5]).

[0115] FIG 9 illustrates that the states of the second filter 14₂ can be controlled by combinations of different states of the first indicator 21 and second indicator 22 using logic. In this example, the states of the first indicator 21 and second indicator 22 are binary.

[0116] The FIG illustrates in order the non-augmented state [3], the augmented state [1] and the augmented state [2] as previously described.

[0117] In the portion of FIG 9 labelled (c), the second filter 14₂ is controlled to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT system 10₁ when there is good reception in the second RAT system 10₂ and bad reception in the first RAT system 10₁ (FIG 6C; state/portion [1]).

[0118] In the portion of FIG 9 labelled (d), the second filter 14₂ is controlled to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT system 10₁ when there is good reception in the second RAT system 10₂ and transmission is present from the first RAT system 10₁ at interference levels (FIG 6D; state/portion [2]).

[0119] In the following, Boolean logic circuitry 16₁, 16₂ is used to convert an input combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to an output indicator for controlling the filter 14₁, 14₂.

Table 1

	Col 1	Col 2	Col 3	Col 4	Col 5	Col 6	Col 7	Col 8	Col 9
	Priority	RX level WiFi	RX level 5G	TX WiFi	TX level 5G	WiFi filter mode	5G filter mode	Portion/state	FIG 8/9
Row 1	WiFi	Low	Don't care	Don't care	Don't care	Off	Off	[6]
Row 2	WiFi	High	High	Off	Don't care	Off	Off	[6]
Row 3	WiFi	High	High	On	Don't care	Off	RX filtering	Cross system support ([1])	(a)
Row 4	WiFi	High	Low	Don't care	Don't care	TX filtering	Off	[4]	(b)
Row 5	WiFi	High	Don't care	Don't care	High	RX filtering	Off	[5]
Row 6	5G	Don't care	Low	Don't care	Don't care	Off	Off	[3]
Row 7	5G	High	High	Don't care	Low	Off	Off	[3]	(c)
Row 8	5G	Low	High	Don't care	Low	Off	TX filtering	[2]
Row 9	5G	Don't care	High	Don't care	High	Off	Off	[3]
Row 10	5G	Don't care	High	Off	Don't care	Off	Off	[3]	(d)
Row 11	5G	Don't care	High	On	Don't care	Off	RX filtering	[1]
Row 12	5G	High	High	Don't care	High	RX filtering	Off	Cross system support ([5])

TX filtration

[0120] When reception on priority RAT system is GOOD and it's known that the reception conditions of the other RAT system is BAD, then the control logic 16 switches on TX filter 62_a, 62_c during transmission to assist the other RAT system. This is illustrated in the portions of FIG 8 and 9 labelled (a) and (c) and examples of relevant conditions are illustrated at Rows 4 and 8 of Table 1.

[0121] The portion of FIG 8 labelled (a), illustrates conditional addition filtering 62_a when the priority RAT system is WiFi. This corresponds to Row 4 of Table 1. The key conditions are at column 2 (RX level WiFi=High) and column 3 (RX level 5G=Low). The WiFi Tx filter 62_a is ON when WiFi Rx is GOOD and 5G Rx is BAD. The WiFi Rx is GOOD when WiFi Rx level is above Received signal strength threshold as indicated by first indicator 21 in FIG 8(a). The 5G Rx is BAD when 5G Rx level is low as indicated by second indicator 22_a in FIG 8(a).

[0122] As illustrated in Table 2, a first combination of the states of a first indicator 21 and a second indicator 22 is used to control the first filter 14₁ to filter 62_a transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT 10₂.The first combination is first indicator 21 =priority Rx GOOD and second indicator 22_a= non-priority Rx BAD.

Table 2

WiFi TX TRUTH Table: AND logic gate (FIG 8(a))
WiFi Rx above threshold	0	1	0	1
5G Rx below threshold	0	0	1	1
Switch-on filter 62a	0	0	0	1

[0123] The portion of FIG 9 labelled (c), illustrates conditional addition filtering 62_c when the priority RAT system is 5G. This corresponds to Row 8 of Table 1. The key conditions are at column 3 (RX level 5G=High) and column 2 (RX level WiFi=Low). The 5G Tx filter 62_c is ON when 5G Rx is GOOD and WiFi Rx is BAD. The 5G Rx is GOOD when 5G TX power is NOT ABOVE (is BELOW) a threshold level for predictable WiFi RX interference as indicated by second indicator 22c in FIG 8(c). The 5G Tx power is below the threshold because 5G Rx is GOOD. If 5G Rx was bad, then the 5G Tx power would have been increased by 3GPP closed loop power control. The WiFi Rx is BAD when WiFi Rx level is NOT ABOVE (is BELOW) a received signal strength threshold as indicated by first indicator 21_c in FIG 8(c).

[0124] Aa illustrated in table 3 & 4, a third combination of the states of a first indicator 21 and a second indicator 22 is used to control the second filter 14₂ to filter 62_c transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT 10₁.The third combination is second indicator 22_c =priority Rx GOOD (Tx low) and first indicator 21_c= non-priority Rx BAD.

Table 3

5G TX TRUTH Table: NOR logic gate (FIG 9(c))
5G TX above threshold	0	1	0	1
WiFi Rx above threshold	0	0	1	1
Switch-on filter 62c	1	0	0	0

[0125] This could be re-expressed using an AND gate

Table 4

5G TX TRUTH Table: AND logic gate
5G TX below threshold	1	0	1	0
WiFi Rx below threshold	1	1	0	0
Switch-on filter 62c	1	0	0	0

RX filtration

[0126] When reception on the priority RAT system is GOOD and it's known that transmission of the other RAT system is PRESENT at interference levels (BAD for priority RAT system), then the control logic 16 switches on RX filter 62_b, 62_d during reception to assist priority RAT system. This is illustrated in the portions of FIG 8 & 9 labelled (b) and (d) and examples of relevant conditions are illustrated at Rows 5 and 11 of Table 1.

[0127] The portion of FIG 8 labelled (b), illustrates conditional addition filtering 62_b used when the priority RAT system is WiFi. This corresponds to Row 5 of Table 1. The key conditions are at column 2 (RX level WiFi=High) and column 5 (TX level 5G=High). The WiFi Rx filter 62_b is ON when WiFi Rx is GOOD and 5G Tx is PRESENT at interference levels.

[0128] The WiFi Rx is GOOD when WiFi Rx level is above Received signal strength threshold as indicated by first indicator 21 in FIG 8(b).

[0129] The 5G Tx is PRESENT at interference levels when 5G TX power is above a threshold level for predictable WiFi RX interference as indicated by second indicator 22_b in FIG 8(b).

[0130] As illustrated in Table 5, a second combination of the states of a first indicator 21 and a second indicator 22 is used to control the first filter 14₁ to filter 62_b reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT 10₂.The second combination is first indicator 21 =priority Rx GOOD and second indicator 22_b= non-priority Tx PRESENT at interference levels.

Table 5

WiFi RX TRUTH Table: AND logic gate (FIG 8(b))
WiFi Rx above threshold	0	1	0	1
5G Tx above threshold	0	0	1	1
Switch-on filter 62b	0	0	0	1

[0131] The portion of FIG 9 labelled (d), illustrates conditional addition filtering 62_d used when the priority RAT system is 5G. This corresponds to Row 11 of Table 1. The key conditions are at column 3 (RX level 5G=High) and column 4 (TX WiFi=ON). The 5G Rx filter 62_d is ON when 5G Rx is GOOD and WiFi Tx is PRESENT at interference levels.

[0132] The 5G Rx is GOOD when 5G Rx level is above sensitivity level threshold as indicated by second indicator 22_d in FIG 8(d). The 5G Rx is GOOD when 5G TX power is NOT ABOVE (is BELOW) a threshold level for predictable WiFi RX interference as indicated by second indicator 22c in FIG 8(c). The 5G Tx power is below the threshold because 5G Rx is GOOD. If 5G Rx was bad, then the 5G Tx power would have been increased by 3GPP closed loop power control.

[0133] The WiFi Tx is PRESENT at interference levels when the WiFi transmitter is ON as indicated by first indicator 21_d in FIG 8(d).

[0134] As illustrated in Table 6, a fourth combination of the states of a first indicator 21 and a second indicator 22 is used to control the second filter 14₂ to filter 62_d reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT 10₁.The third combination is second indicator 22_d =priority Rx GOOD and first indicator 21_d= non-priority Tx PRESENT at interference levels.

Table 6

5G RX TRUTH Table: AND logic gate (FIG 8(d))
5G Rx above threshold	0	1	0	1
WiFi Tx ON	0	0	1	1
Switch-on filter 62d	0	0	0	1

[0135] The control means 16 illustrated in FIGs 8 and 9 can be used, for example, in RAT systems that have independent control (FIG 3A) and in RAT systems that have at least some 'global' or common control (FIG 3B).

[0136] Where there is common control, for example as described with reference to FIG 3B, further options are available.

[0137] For example, the priority system can be controlled centrally.

[0138] Also, one RAT system can exercise control over another.

[0139] For example, the 5G system can control the WiFi system to use a Rx filter 62_b

[0140] According to table 1, the WiFi system can use a Rx filter 62_b at Rows 5 & 12 (column 6). At Row 5 of Table 1, WiFi has priority and the key conditions for switching ON WiFi Rx filter 62_b are at column 2 (RX level WiFi=High/Good) and column 5 (TX level 5G=High/present). At Row 12 of Table 1, 5G has priority and the key conditions for switching ON WiFi Rx filter 62_b are at column 2 (RX level WiFi=High/Good) and column 5 (TX level 5G=High/present). The priority RAT (5G) can therefore control filtering at the WIFI non-priority RAT.

[0141] According to table 1, the WiFi system can use a Rx filter 62_d at Rows 3 & 11 (column 7). At Row 11 of Table 1, 5G has priority and the key conditions for switching on the 5G Rx filter 62_d are at column 3 (RX level 5G=High/Good) and column 4 (TX WiFi=ON). At Row 3 of Table 1, WiFi has priority and the key conditions for switching on the 5G Rx filter 62_d are at column 3 (RX level 5G=High/Good) and column 4 (TX WiFi=ON). The non-priority RAT can therefore control filtering at the priority RAT.

[0142] It will be appreciated, from Table 1, that the circuitry 100 is configured such that:

a) a first combination of the states of the indicators 21, 22 is used to control the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT [Row 4 of table 1], wherein the first combination is indicative of good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) wherein a second combination of the states of the indicators 21, 22 is used to control the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT [Row 5, 12 of table 1] wherein the second combination is indicative of good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels;

c) wherein a third combination of the states of the indicators 21, 22 is used to control the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT [Row 8 of Table 1] wherein the third combination is indicative of good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT;

d) wherein a fourth combination of the states of the indicators 21, 22 is used to control the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT [Row 11, 3 of Table 1] wherein the fourth combination is indicative of good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT present at interference levels.

[0143] It's possible to pre-characterize the amount of TX interference as In-band blocker (5G TX as interferer) that would be tolerated. Knowing the interference level that will cause degrade, it's possible to map this to a threshold for 5G TX operation. So rather than looking at TX as ON/OFF as is the examples of WiFi, then on 5G the absolute level is known.

[0144] FIG 10 illustrates an example of a chipset 200 comprising the circuitry 100 as described. The chipset can, for example, be associated with a filter 14 or can be associated with a RAT sub-system.

[0145] FIG 11 illustrates an example of an apparatus 210 comprising the circuitry 100 as described. In some examples the apparatus 210 is an electronic apparatus. Examples of electronic apparatus include but are not limited to user equipment, mobile stations, hand-held telephones, watches, wearables etc. In some examples, the apparatus 210 is a network access node such as a base station. Examples of base stations include NodeB (and evolutions NodeB such as gNB) .

[0146] The apparatus 210 can, for example, be a laptop, portable computer, tablet computer, wearable electronic devices, gNB, loT devices, navigational electronic devices, gaming devices, smart phones, mobile phones, consumer electronics devices, televisions, routers, customer premise equipment (CPE), network devices, etc.

[0147] FIG 12 illustrates an example of a method 220.

[0148] At block 222 of the method 220, the method 220 comprises obtaining a first indicator 21, dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states.

[0149] At block 224 of the method 220, the method 220 comprises obtaining a second indicator 22, dependent on a second RAT system wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states.

[0150] At block 226 of the method 220, the method 220 comprises using a combination of the states of the first indicator 21 and the second indicator 22 to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system.

[0151] FIG 13 illustrates an example of a controller 250 suitable for use as controller 16 or as controller 40. Implementation of a controller 250 may be as controller circuitry. The controller 250 may be implemented in hardware alone, have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware).

[0152] As illustrated in FIG 13 the controller 250 may be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable instructions of a computer program 256 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 252 that may be stored on a computer readable storage medium (disk, memory etc) to be executed by such a processor 252.

[0153] The processor 252 is configured to read from and write to the memory 254. The processor 252 may also comprise an output interface via which data and/or commands are output by the processor 252 and an input interface via which data and/or commands are input to the processor 252.

[0154] The memory 254 stores a computer program 256 comprising computer program instructions (computer program code) that controls the operation of the apparatus 256 when loaded into the processor 252. The computer program instructions, of the computer program 256, provide the logic and routines that enables the apparatus to perform the methods illustrated in the preceding Figs. The processor 252 by reading the memory 254 is able to load and execute the computer program 256.

[0155] In some examples of the implementation the various tables and thresholds are part of the memory 254 (or another memory) accessible by the controller.

[0156] The apparatus 256 therefore comprises:

at least one processor 252; and

at least one memory 254 including computer program code

the at least one memory 254 and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor 252, cause the apparatus 256 at least to perform:

processing a combination of the states of a first indicator and a second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system, wherein

the first indicator is dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system and is one of a predetermined number of states; and

the second indicator is dependent on a second RAT system and is one of a predetermined number of states.

[0157] As illustrated in FIG 14, the computer program 256 may arrive at the apparatus 256 via any suitable delivery mechanism 258. The delivery mechanism 258 may be, for example, a machine readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or a solid state memory, an article of manufacture that comprises or tangibly embodies the computer program 256. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program 256. The apparatus 256 may propagate or transmit the computer program 256 as a computer data signal.

[0158] Computer program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:

processing a combination of the states of a first indicator and a second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system, wherein

the first indicator is dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system and is one of a predetermined number of states; and

the second indicator is dependent on a second RAT system and is one of a predetermined number of states.

[0159] The computer program instructions may be comprised in a computer program, a non-transitory computer readable medium, a computer program product, a machine readable medium. In some but not necessarily all examples, the computer program instructions may be distributed over more than one computer program.

[0160] Although the memory 254 is illustrated as a single component/circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components/circuitry some or all of which may be integrated/removable and/or may provide permanent/semi-permanent/ dynamic/cached storage.

[0161] Although the processor 252 is illustrated as a single component/circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components/circuitry some or all of which may be integrated/removable. The processor 252 may be a single core or multi-core processor.

[0162] References to 'computer-readable storage medium', 'computer program product', 'tangibly embodied computer program' etc. or a 'controller', 'computer', 'processor' etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single /multi- processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann)/parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application specific circuits (ASIC), signal processing devices and other processing circuitry. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc.

[0163] As used in this application, the term 'circuitry' may refer to one or more or all of the following:

(a) hardware-only circuitry implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry) and

(b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable):

(i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and

(ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions and

(c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g. firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.

[0164] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0165] The controller and other circuitry may be implemented in dedicated hardware instead of using a processor. This can increase speed. It can be desirable to have hardware triggers programmed by software. Examples of such hardware includes sequencers and/or timer units.

[0166] The blocks illustrated in the Figs may represent steps in a method and/or sections of code in the computer program 256. The illustration of a particular order to the blocks does not necessarily imply that there is a required or preferred order for the blocks and the order and arrangement of the block may be varied. Furthermore, it may be possible for some blocks to be omitted.

[0167] Where there a set comprising members of the set, then in at least some examples, the specific members can be individually labelled in text and drawings using a common reference numeral with a distinct subscript. In context, the set can be labelled in text and drawings using the common reference numeral without the subscript or by using multiple versions of the common reference numeral with different subscripts. Thus, for example, the set of filters 14 comprise the first filter 14₁ and the second filter 14₂.

[0168] In the preceding examples, and other examples, the circuitry 100 comprises (alone or in combination with other features):

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for controlling

the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT; and/or

the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels.

[0169] In the preceding examples, and other examples, the circuitry 100 comprises (alone or in combination with other features):

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT; and/or augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels.

[0170] In the preceding examples, and other examples, the circuitry 100 comprises (alone or in combination with other features):

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

means for controlling

a) the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels;

c) the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT present at interference levels.

[0171] In the preceding examples, and other examples, the circuitry 100 comprises (alone or in combination with other features):

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system;

a) means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) means for augmenting filtration by the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT present at interference levels;

c) means for augmenting filtration by the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) means for augmenting filtration by the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT present at interference levels.

[0172] Where a structural feature has been described, it may be replaced by means for performing one or more of the functions of the structural feature whether that function or those functions are explicitly or implicitly described.

[0173] The above described examples find application as enabling components of: automotive systems; telecommunication systems; electronic systems including consumer electronic products; distributed computing systems; media systems for generating or rendering media content including audio, visual and audio visual content and mixed, mediated, virtual and/or augmented reality; personal systems including personal health systems or personal fitness systems; navigation systems; user interfaces also known as human machine interfaces; networks including cellular, non-cellular, and optical networks; ad-hoc networks; the internet; the internet of things; virtualized networks; and related software and services.

[0174] The term 'comprise' is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use 'comprise' with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to "comprising only one.." or by using "consisting".

[0175] In this description, reference has been made to various examples. The description of features or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term 'example' or 'for example' or 'can' or 'may' in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or all other examples. Thus 'example', 'for example', 'can' or 'may' refers to a particular instance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a sub-class of the class that includes some but not all of the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosed that a feature described with reference to one example but not with reference to another example, can where possible be used in that other example as part of a working combination but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.

[0176] Although examples have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0177] Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described above.

[0178] Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not.

[0179] Although features have been described with reference to certain examples, those features may also be present in other examples whether described or not.

[0180] The term 'a' or 'the' is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising a/the Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y unless the context clearly indicates the contrary. If it is intended to use 'a' or 'the' with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context. In some circumstances the use of 'at least one' or 'one or more' may be used to emphasis an inclusive meaning but the absence of these terms should not be taken to infer any exclusive meaning.

[0181] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature or (combination of features) itself and also to features that achieve substantially the same technical effect (equivalent features). The equivalent features include, for example, features that are variants and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same way. The equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result.

[0182] In this description, reference has been made to various examples using adjectives or adjectival phrases to describe characteristics of the examples. Such a description of a characteristic in relation to an example indicates that the characteristic is present in some examples exactly as described and is present in other examples substantially as described.

[0183] Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features believed to be of importance it should be understood that the Applicant may seek protection via the claims in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon.

Claims

1. Circuitry comprising:

a first radio path comprising a first filter configured for a first radio access technology (RAT) system;

means for obtaining a first indicator, dependent on the first RAT system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states;

means for obtaining a second indicator, dependent on a second RAT system, different to the first RAT system, wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; and

means for using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control characteristics of at least the first filter.

2. Circuitry as claimed in claim 1 comprising means for using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control filtration by the first filter.

3. Circuitry as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first indicator is indicative of a quality of communication using the first RAT system.

4. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second indicator is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system and the second RAT system.

5. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim comprising means for conditionally configuring the first filter for applying filtration
when:

the first indicator is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system; and

the second indicator is indicative of an impact of interference between the first RAT system and the second RAT system.

6. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim comprising means for conditionally configuring the first filter for applying filtration
when:

the first indicator is indicative of a good quality of communication using the first RAT system; and

the second indicator is indicative of satisfaction of a condition dependent upon the second RAT system.

7. Circuitry as claimed in claim 6 wherein, when the first radio path is being used for transmission, the condition dependent upon the second RAT system is satisfied when reception in the second RAT system is bad.

8. Circuitry as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein, when the first radio path is being used for reception,
the condition dependent upon the second RAT system is satisfied when transmission in the second RAT system is present at interference levels.

9. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim wherein controlling the first filter comprises: adding, removing and/or adjusting a component of the first filter.

10. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first RAT system is one of a 3GPP network and a WiFi network and wherein the second RAT system is the other one of a 3GPP network and a WiFi network.

11. Circuitry as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising a second radio path comprising a second filter configured for a second radio access technology (RAT) system different to the first RAT system; and
means for controlling:

a) the first filter to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT, when there is good reception in the first RAT and bad reception in the second RAT;

b) the first filter to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT when there is good reception in the first RAT and transmission is present from the second RAT at interference levels;

c) the second filter to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and bad reception in the first RAT; and

d) the second filter to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT when there is good reception in the second RAT and transmission is present from the first RAT at interference levels.

12. Circuitry as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first filter is controlled differently to filter transmission in the first path to reduce interference to the second RAT and to filter reception in the first path to reduce interference from the second RAT; and/or wherein the second filter is controlled differently to filter transmission in the second path to reduce interference to the first RAT and to filter reception in the second path to reduce interference from the first RAT.

13. A chipset for radio communications comprising the circuitry of any preceding claim.

14. A user equipment or network access node for radio communications comprising the circuitry of any of claims 1 to 12 or the chipset of claim 13.

15. A method comprising:

obtaining a first indicator, dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system, wherein the first indicator is one of a predetermined number of states;

obtaining a second indicator, dependent on a second RAT system wherein the second indicator is one of a predetermined number of states; and

using a combination of the states of the first indicator and the second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system.

16. A computer program that, when run on a computer, performs:

processing a combination of the states of a first indicator and a second indicator to control at least characteristics of filtration for the first RAT system, wherein

the first indicator is dependent on a first radio access technology (RAT) system and is one of a predetermined number of states; and

the second indicator is dependent on a second RAT system and is one of a predetermined number of states.

Drawing