The present invention relates to the field of electrified work vehicles, and in particular of the type comprising an electro-hydraulic circuit for the actuation of at least one hydraulic member, including an arm and/or a bucket.
In the field of work and agricultural vehicles, the operation of members, such as arms and related tools, is carried out by means of a hydraulic circuit.
The hydraulic circuit is powered by a hydraulic pump driven in rotation by a prime mover, very often an internal combustion engine.
The hydraulic actuators implemented for moving the members are of the double chamber type, that is to say a movable piston divides two closed chambers that can be fed alternately by the hydraulic pump.
There are different types of valves for controlling hydraulic circuits. Those that are most implemented are the directional ones with open center. These valves, in relation to the position of the relative movable spool, divide the hydraulic oil fluid pumped by the hydraulic pump into a first flow destined for one of the hydraulic actuator chambers, while the second, remaining flow is sent to a collection tank, where the hydraulic pump draws the hydraulic oil to recirculate it.
In particular, when the spool is in the rest position, all the pump flow is sent to the tank, during the adjustment phase, the flow of the hydraulic pump is divided between the actuator and the tank. When the spool is in the maximum opening position, all the pump flow is sent to the actuator. The position of the movable spool is generally controlled by the operator using a joystick placed in the vehicle's cockpit.
The progressive technological development of battery power systems makes it possible to design electric work vehicles.
The fundamental problem of the electrification of work vehicles consists in the fact that the hydraulic control circuits of arms, shovels, etc., are very well tested and reliable, therefore, electric vehicles continue to include a hydraulic circuit for actuating at least one hydraulic actuator enslaved to the movement of a working hydraulic organ.
The term "work hydraulic organ" means one of those distinct and separate components from those inherent to the movement of the work vehicle, such as transmissions, braking systems, etc. Hereinafter, for convenience, reference is made to a "hydraulic organ" meaning a "working hydraulic organ".
The electrification of a work vehicle involves the elimination of the internal combustion engine in favor of at least one electric motor.
For example, it is possible to provide a first electric motor used exclusively to drive the hydraulic pump for feeding at least one hydraulic working member in rotation. A second electric motor can be provided for moving the vehicle.
There are many differences between internal combustion engines and electric motors. In addition to the substantial different source of energy, the internal combustion engine, when active, has a minimum rotation speed, which is essential for its operation, while an electric motor starts rotating as soon as it is electrically powered.
All of this has repercussions on the operation of the hydraulic pump driven by the first electric motor.
A minimum rotation speed of the electric motor implies a consumption of electricity not necessary for the intrinsic operation of the same.
Saving electricity is essential to allow the spread of electrified vehicles, replacing traditional work vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines.
If not specifically excluded in the detailed description that follows, what is described in this chapter is to be considered as an integral part of the detailed description.
The purpose of the present invention as defined in claims 1 and 8 is to propose a method and system for saving electric energy in an electrified work vehicle. In particular for those work vehicles completely without an internal combustion engine.
The purpose of the present invention is to modify the hydraulic circuit and the behavior of the electric motor, which drives a fixed displacement hydraulic pump in rotation, when an directional open center control electro-valve of the hydraulic supply circuit of a hydraulic member is in the closed condition, ie released, so that the replacement of the internal combustion engine with the electric motor does not alter the functionality of the entire hydraulic circuit.
The basic idea is to deactivate the electric motor when the control lever of the directional electro-valve is released, that is, when the directional open center control electro-valve is in the released condition. This results in significant energy savings. However, this fact can lead to a depressurization of the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the fixed displacement hydraulic pump and the open center control directional electro-valve, therefore, when the control lever is operated again, there is a risk that the hydraulic organ behaves in an uncontrolled way. According to the present invention, an overpressure valve is arranged on the "neutral" line of the directional open center electro-valve, which connects the electro-valve with the hydraulic oil recovery tank, configured to open when a first predetermined pressure threshold is exceeded.
When the control lever is inclined to cause an actuation, the hydraulic circuit is pressurized to a pressure greater than or equal to the aforementioned first predetermined pressure threshold.
This is because when the position of the movable spool is in the "adjustment" range, the hydraulic oil is directed by the hydraulic pump partly to the actuators and partly to the recovery tank through the overpressure valve, while when the spool is in the maximum opening all the pump flow is sent to the actuator, therefore, the portion of the circuit between the hydraulic pump and the electro-control valve is pressurized at a pressure level greater than or equal to the aforementioned first predetermined threshold of pressure. When the control lever is released, the hydraulic pump is activated cyclically to keep this portion of the hydraulic circuit pressurized at a pressure level slightly below the opening threshold of the overpressure valve.
This ensures that a power supply circuit for the solenoid valve actuation, branched from the portion of the circuit between the hydraulic pump and the control electro-valve, always has the minimum pressure sufficient for the actuation of the solenoid valve itself.
Preferably, the power supply circuit is connected to the aforementioned portion of the circuit between the hydraulic pump and the electro-valve, by means of a pressure relief valve. Advantageously, the power supply circuit of the electro-valve can operate at a pressure much lower than the pressure generated by the hydraulic pump.
In other words, both the high pressure circuit intended to power the hydraulic actuator, and the low pressure circuit, which activates the electro-valve, are powered by the same hydraulic pump.
Such pump, is the sole pump connected to the hydraulic circuit.
At the same time, on the portion of the hydraulic circuit comprised between the hydraulic pump and the electro-valve there is a pressure sensor configured to activate the electric motor when the measured pressure is lower than a second predetermined pressure threshold and deactivate it when the measured pressure is higher than a third predetermined pressure threshold greater than the second predetermined pressure threshold and less than or equal to the first predetermined pressure threshold, when the control lever of the directional electro-valve is released. Advantageously, the overpressure valve, in addition to always guaranteeing the minimum pressure necessary to operate the control electro-valve, allows to close the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump and the directional open center control electro-valve, generating a closed volume of oil which, in order to be pressurized, requires few non-continuous activations of the electric motor, useful only to compensate for oil leaks through the pump. This involves significant energy savings because otherwise, the electric motor should always be active, albeit at a relatively low rotation speed, to keep the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump and the control electro-valve pressurized. Advantageously, the hydraulic circuit is always well pressurized and uncontrolled behavior is not observed when the operator intervenes on the actuator control lever.
The dependent claims describe preferred variants of the invention, forming an integral part of this description.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description of an example of its embodiment (and its variants) and from the attached drawings given purely for explanatory and non-limiting purposes, in which:
The same reference numbers and letters in the figures identify the same elements or components or functions.
It should also be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", "upper", "lower" and the like can be used as labels to distinguish various elements. These terms do not imply a spatial, sequential or hierarchical order for the modified elements unless specifically indicated or inferred from the text.
The elements and features illustrated in the various preferred embodiments, including the drawings, can be combined with each other without however departing from the scope of this application as described below.
This circuit comprises three directional open center control electro-valves V1, V2, V3 arranged to control the BOOM, BUCKET and AUX double acting actuators respectively. Obviously, the electro-hydraulic circuit can comprise any number of control electro-valves with respective hydraulic actuators.
Each electro-valve comprises a central drawer which provides for the closure of the opposite chambers of the respective actuator, while the fixed displacement hydraulic pump P is operatively connected to the recovery tank T.
Each electro-valve includes a lateral drawer, left and right, according to which an actuator chamber is operationally connected to the hydraulic pump while the opposite chamber is operationally connected to the recovery tank T of the hydraulic oil.
When a side drawer is active, one actuator chamber expands due to the pressure of the hydraulic oil, while the opposite one contracts, discharging the previously accumulated oil into the recovery tank.
In a mechanical shovel, this fact results, for example, in the lifting or lowering of the arm or in the forward or backward rotation of the bucket.
According to the present invention, an overpressure valve SV is arranged between the outlet door of the central drawer and the recovery tank T. This valve is calibrated to open when a first pressure threshold Th1 is exceeded.
The outlet ports of the side drawers of the electro-valve are connected directly to the recovery tank T.
Each electro-valve is of the proportional type, in order to perform a partialization of the hydraulic oil directed to the actuator and that sent directly to the recovery tank T according to the inclination of the control lever. Preferably, this function is proportional.
A pressure sensor PS is associated with the portion of the hydraulic circuit comprised between the hydraulic pump P and the electro-hydraulic valve.
For convenience, "electro-hydraulic valve" or "electro-valve" means the "open center electro-hydraulic directional control valve" mentioned above.
This sensor is designed to activate the electric motor M associated with the hydraulic pump P, so as to keep the hydraulic circuit pressurized between a second Th2 and a third pressure threshold Th3.
This band Th2 - Th3 is selected:
The relationship between the pressure thresholds is as follows: Th1 ≤ Th3 < Th2.
This relationship makes it possible to avoid wasting electricity by draining hydraulic oil into the recovery tank.
This connection diagram ensures that the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump and the electro-valve is well pressurized even if the electric motor M is generally kept off when the JOYSTICK control lever is released.
According to the example in
In the same diagram, it is noted that the electro-valves are electrically connected with the CONTROL UNIT block which represents a processing unit arranged to control the position of the movable spool of each electro-valve, but also to supervise the operation of the hydraulic pump P by means of the relative electric motor M. The processing unit is also operationally connected to the control lever JOYSTICK and to the pressure sensor PS.
Advantageously, the fact of ensuring constant pressurization of the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump P and the electro-valve, allows to ensure sufficient pressurization of the drive circuit AC of the same electro-valve, so that a double benefit is obtained:
The vehicle WL is equipped with a battery pack BAT and an electric motor M with at least one electro-hydraulic circuit similar to that of
From an operational point of view, the present invention also includes a method of operation of an electro-hydraulic circuit HC as described above, comprising
The present invention can be advantageously carried out by means of a computer program which comprises coding means for carrying out one or more steps of the method, when this program is executed on a computer. Therefore, it is intended that the scope of protection extends to said computer program and further to computer readable means comprising a recorded message, said computer readable means comprising program coding means for carrying out one or more steps of the method, when said program is run on a computer.
Implementation variants of the described non-limiting example are possible, without however departing from the scope of protection of the present invention, including all the equivalent embodiments for a person skilled in the art, to the content of the claims.
From the above description, the person skilled in the art is able to realize the object of the invention without introducing further construction details.
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.