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(11) | EP 4 187 042 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | SUPPORTING BRACKET FOR FACADE STRUCTURES AND A SYSTEM FOR FIXING OF FACADE STRUCTURES |
| (57) The supporting bracket and the system for fixing of façade structures, according
to the invention, are applicable in the field of construction during the building
of ventilated façades. The supporting bracket includes a metalmade base (1) for fixing
of the supporting bracket to a building structure (9), at least one intermediate detail
(2) and at least one end detail (3) for fixing to a supporting profile (8) of a façade
substructure. The at least one intermediate detail (2) and the at least one end detail
(3) are made of metals with different thermal conductivity, so as to decrease the
thermal bridge between them. For example, the intermediate detail (2) is made of steel
and the end detail (3) is made of aluminum.
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TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The supporting bracket for facade structures and the system for fixing of façade structures, according to the invention, are applicable in the field of construction, during the building of ventilated façades.
STATE OF THE ART
[0002] During the building of ventilated façades, the main bearing and fixing element of the façade is a bracket. The bracket is fixed directly to the building structure. Because of this fact, the bracket acts as a thermal bridge between the outer cladding and the inner space of the building, especially in the case of buildings with a metal structure.
[0003] In order to resolve this issue, a solution is known from the state of the art, where thermal insulation from a material with high thermal resistance (plastic, for example) is placed between the building structure and a base of the bracket. This is a standard solution, which is applied to brackets, made from aluminum or stainless steel.
[0004] Also, the following solutions are known:
- construction of the bracket, which is entirely made of plastic;
- placing of an intermediate plastic element in the construction of the bracket, between the base of the bracket and the ribs of the bracket that hold supporting profiles of the façade.
[0005] The main disadvantage of the known solutions is that they do not ensure compliance with fire safety requirements, i.e. the plastic element or construction melts at high temperatures and the façade falls off.
[0006] The use of aluminum or stainless steel as a material for the bracket is due to a corrosion and fire resistance requirement.
[0008] Aluminum is light, easy to reprocess and mechanically modify on the façade itself when needed. For example, when it is necessary to cut protruding elements or drill additional holes during leveling of the façade structure due to the curvature of the wall.
[0009] Aluminum is eco-friendly, i.e. it is possible to completely reprocess it. A disadvantage of aluminum is that its thermal resistance is 15 times lower than that of stainless steel.
[0010] Reprocessing of stainless steel is much more difficult than that of aluminum and it is almost impossible to modify the façade elements on site. This requires a more complex construction of the stainless steel elements regarding adjustment. Repeated reprocessing of stainless steel as scrap is much more inefficient and labour intensive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The task of the invention is to create a bracket for façade structures with decreased thermal conductivity and a high level of safety, which ensures strength of the façade structure to which it is fixed, and which can easily be modified and reprocessed when needed.
[0012] This task is performed by creating a supporting bracket for façade structure that includes a metal-made base for fixing of the supporting bracket to a building structure, at least one intermediate detail and at least one end detail for fixing to a supporting profile of a façade substructure, wherein at least one intermediate detail and one end detail are made of metals with different thermal conductivity so as to decrease the thermal conductivity between them.
[0013] It is preferable for the at least one end detail to be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, so that it can be easily treated even during fixing of the bracket.
[0014] It is preferable for the at least one intermediate detail to be made of steel for preservation of high thermal resistance and, accordingly, increased safety in case of a fire.
[0015] In an embodiment of the invention, the at least one intermediate detail and the base are made as a steel monolithic detail. The shape of the base with the at least one intermediate detail is selected from the following embodiments:
- U-shaped with two intermediate details in the shape of two arms, parallel to each other, placed transversely on the base, where, to the disengaged ends of each of the two arms, an end detail each is fastened by fastening elements;
- L-shaped, wherein the base acts as one of the arms of an L-shaped supporting profile and the other arm is an intermediate detail, arranged transversely to the base, at one end of the base, wherein to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail, an end detail is fastened by fastening elements; or
- T-shaped, wherein the base acts as one of the arms of a T-shaped supporting profile and the other arm is an intermediate detail, arranged transversely the base, in the middle of the base, wherein to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail, an end detail is fastened by fastening elements.
[0016] In an embodiment of the invention, the base and the at least one end detail are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, wherein the at least one intermediate detail is made of steel. The shape of the base is selected from the following embodiments:
- U-shaped with two arms, parallel to each other, wherein, to the disengaged ends of each of the parallel arms, an intermediate detail each is fastened by fastening elements, wherein to each intermediate detail, an end detail each is fastened by fastening elements;
- L-shaped, wherein, to a disengaged end of one of the arms of the base, a first end of an intermediate detail is fastened by fastening elements, wherein to a second end of the intermediate detail, the end detail is fastened by fastening elements; or
- T-shaped, wherein to a disengaged end of one of the arms of the base, a first end of an intermediate detail is fastened by fastening elements, wherein to a second end of the intermediate detail, an end detail is fastened by fastening elements.
[0017] For an additional decrease of the created thermal bridge between the base and the at least one end detail, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one intermediate detail has an open-end hole.
[0018] For an additional decrease of the created thermal bridge between the base and the at least one end detail, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, each set of fixing elements includes a plastic insulation detail with a hole for a fixing element and that plastic insulation detail is positioned between the metal details of the supporting bracket, thus creating distance between them.
[0019] In an embodiment of the invention, the plastic insulation detail completely covers the area where the respective metal details of the supporting bracket overlap.
[0020] An additional task of the invention is the creation of a fixing system for façade structures, where the thermal conductivity between the load-bearing profile subconstruction and the building structure is to be decreased.
[0021] This task is performed through the creation of the system for fixing of facade structures that includes a supporting bracket for facade structures, according to the invention, installed in one end to a building structure and in a second end to a load-bearing profile subconstruction. The base of the supporting bracket is fastened by fastening elements to a building structure and the at least one end detail of the supporting bracket is fastened by fastening elements to a supporting profile of the load-bearing profile subconstruction.
[0022] The described supporting bracket for façade structures and system for fixing of façade structures, according to the invention, ensure higher thermal resistance compared to the solutions known from the state of the art, because the steel details ensure a partial thermal barrier for the thermal conductivity from the aluminum details in the construction of the bracket. Simultaneously, the bracket remains fire-resistant, the probability of it falling off is decreased, an opportunity is secured for easy correction and modification of the aluminum details on site at the façade itself as well as an opportunity for easy and cheap subsequent reprocessing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0023] Further into the description, the supporting bracket for façade structures, the object of the invention, is clarified through preferred embodiments, listed as examples that do not limit the scope of the invention, with reference to the attached figures, where:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of the supporting bracket, fixed to a supporting profile, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the supporting bracket, fixed to a supporting profile, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 is a profile view of the supporting bracket from figure 1, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 is a profile view of the supporting bracket, fixed to a supporting profile, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 is a profile view of the supporting bracket with monolithically connected base and intermediate detail, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6 is a profile view of the supporting bracket with monolithically connected base and intermediate detail, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7 is a profile view of the supporting bracket with a base and an intermediate detail as separate details, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 is a profile view of the supporting bracket with a base and an intermediate detail as separate details, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The supporting bracket for façade structures, according to the invention, includes a metal-made base 1 for fixing of the supporting bracket to a building structure 9, an intermediate detail 2 and an end detail 3 for fixing to a supporting profile 8 of a façade substructure. The intermediate detail 2 and the end detail 3 are connected to each other through familiar fixing elements 5.
[0025] The intermediate detail 2 and the end detail 3 are made of metals with different thermal conductivity - steel and aluminum. Thus, the thermal bridge, created between them, is reduced; accordingly, the degree of thermal insulation is increased. It is possible to use aluminum alloy instead of aluminum. The embodiments for use of these metals are:
- an end detail 3, made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, a base 1, made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and an intermediate detail 2, made of steel;
- an end detail 3, made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, a base 1, made of steel and an intermediate detail 2, made of steel.
[0026] The advantage of the end detail 3, made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is that it can easily be modified in the place of installation; for example, it can be shortened, if necessary, by cutting the unnecessary part of the end detail 3.
[0027] The use of a base 1 and an intermediate detail 2 both made of steel, leads to an increase of the thermal resistance of the bracket, because the aluminum, from which the end detail is made 3, is characterized by high thermal conductivity, whereas steel has 15 times higher thermal resistance, compared to aluminum.
[0028] It is preferable for the used steel to be stainless or galvanized, but it is possible to use other types of steel, known from the state of the art.
[0029] It is possible for the intermediate detail 2 and the base 1 to be made as separate details, connected with fixing elements 5 (fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8) as well as being a single, monolithic detail (fig. 5 and 6). When they're a monolithic detail, they are made of steel.
[0030] The details can be connected by more than one fixing element 5; for example, with two fixing elements 5, as shown in figures 3 to 8. Thus, greater strength is achieved and there is no displacement in a vertical direction.
[0031] Depending on the requirements of the structure, it is possible to use two intermediate details 2 as well as two end details 3, instead of one.
[0032] In the embodiment, where the base 1 and the at least one intermediate detail 2 are a single, monolithic element, the shape they form can be selected from the following embodiments:
- U-shaped (fig. 6) with two intermediate details 2 in the shape of arms, parallel to each other, arranged transversely to the base 1, wherein an end detail 3 each is fastened by fastening elements 5 to each disengaged end of each of the two parallel arms;
- L-shaped (fig. 7), wherein the base 1 is one of the arms of an L-shaped supporting profile and the other arm is an intermediate detail 2, arranged transversely to the base, at one end of the base 1, wherein an end detail 3 is fastened by fastening elements 5 to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail 2; or
- T-shaped, wherein the base 1 is one of the arms of a T-shaped supporting profile and the other arm is an intermediate detail 2, arranged transversely to the base, in the middle of the base 1, wherein an end detail 3 is fastened by fastening elements 5 to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail 2.
[0033] When the base 1 and the at least one intermediate detail 2 are two separate elements, several embodiments are possible.
[0034] It is possible, for example, for the base 1 to be made of one straight detail, and for the intermediate detail 2 to be with a U-shape, L-shape or T-shape and to be fastened to the base 1 so that it has a disengaged arm/s for connection with an end detail 3.
[0035] Alternatively, it is possible for just the base 1 to have a U-shape (fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4), or an L-shape (fig. 5), or a T-shape (fig. 8), wherein a straight intermediate detail 2 is each to be fastened to the one disengaged arm of an L-shaped or T-shaped base 1, or to each of the two disengaged arms of a U-shaped base 1.
[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, it is possible for the base 1 to have a formed slot 6 to each arm, to which an intermediate detail 2 is fixed and in that slot, the end of the intermediate detail is inserted, made as a plate, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8. Respectively, the slot 6 can be formed on one side of the arm as a slit in the part of the base 1, which is fixed to the building structure 9 or through an additional rib (fig. 1, 2, 3, 4) to protrude from the base 1 in proximity to its respective arm. It is possible for each arm of the base 1 that connects with an intermediate detail 2 to be made as two parallel parts (fig. 7 and 8), thus forming a slot, into which the intermediate detail 2 is inserted. The slot 6 serves as additional fixing of the intermediate detail 2 to the base 1, but it is not mandatory, because the use of fixing elements 5 for their connection ensures the fixing.
[0037] As shown in the figures, it is possible to also have a slot 7 formed on the end detail 3, in the place to which the intermediate detail 2 extends. The slot 7 serves for stronger fixing of the details. This slot 7 is formed through a protruding L-shaped rib from the end detail 3, in which the end of the intermediate detail 2 is placed. Alternatively, it is possible for the end detail 3 to have a transverse restraining rib, onto which the intermediate detail 2 rests directly or indirectly. It is also possible for the end detail 3 to not have a rib and a slot, and to be fastened to the intermediate detail 2 only by fastening elements 5.
[0038] It is preferable for the base 1 and/or the at least one intermediate detail 2 and/or the at least one end detail 3 to be plates, as shown in the figures.
[0039] All of the details of the supporting bracket can be made with different thicknesses, as long as they retain their functionality and strength. For example, it is possible for them to be made as flat details, meaning they can be plates. Alternatively, each of them can have a different shape, like a rod, for example.
[0040] The used fixing elements 5 can be different fixing elements, known from the state of the art, like, for example, a bolt and nut, a rivet, a screw or another type of fixing element.
[0041] For additional decrease of the thermal bridge from the end detail 3 to the base 1, the intermediate detail 2 can have an open-end hole 10 as shown in figures 6, 5, 7 and 8. The size of the hole 10 corresponds inversely to the created thermal bridge, therefore, the bigger the hole 10, the smaller the thermal bridge. The aim is to make the intermediate detail 2 with an optimized hole 10, having the created thermal bridge be minimal between the base 1 and the end detail 3 while having the intermediate detail 2 strong enough to support the respective building structure.
[0042] For additional decrease of the thermal bridge from the end detail 3 to the base 1, each set of fixing elements 5 can include a plastic insulation detail 4 with a hole for a fixing element 5, that insulation detail 4 being located between the metal details of the supporting bracket, thus creating distance between them. In case of a fire, even if the plastic insulation detail 4 melts, the fixing set will continue to support the bracket, accordingly, it will not fall off. It is possible for the plastic insulation detail 4 to completely cover the area, where the respective metal elements of the supporting bracket overlap. For example (fig. 2), the plastic insulation detail 4 can be a plastic plate with a hole for the fixing element 5, for example, a bolt. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible for the plastic insulation detail 4 to be a washer (fig. 1), located between the base 1 and the intermediate detail 2 and/or between the intermediate detail 2 and the end detail 3.
[0043] The end detail 3 can be riffled, namely it can have transverse grooves on the side opposite to the one with which the detail makes contact with the supporting profile 8 of the substructure, those grooves being parallel to the disengaged end of the end detail 3. This is done with the purpose of easier guidance of a self-drilling screw during clamping of the end detail 3 to a supporting profile 8. For example, as shown in figures 3 to 8, the end plate has one or more transverse grooves, in which there are self-drilling screws.
[0044] The supporting bracket is used as part of a system for fixing of façade structures, where thermal conductivity between the load-bearing profile subconstruction and the building structure 9 is decreased. The supporting bracket is fixed at one end to a building structure 9 and at another to a load-bearing profile subconstruction. The base 1 of the supporting bracket is fastened by known fastening elements 5 to the building structure 9, wherein the at least one end detail 3 of the supporting bracket is fastened by known fastening elements 5 to a supporting profile 8 of the load-bearing profile subconstruction.
[0045] In figures 3 and 4, there is an embodiment of the system for fixing of façade structures, where the intermediate and the end details 2, 3 are plates, located vertically and fixed to a vertical supporting profile 8 of the load-bearing profile subconstruction. It will be clear to persons skilled in the art that the intermediate and end plates 2, 3 of the supporting bracket can be positioned horizontally, too, and be fixed to a horizontal supporting profile 8 of the load-bearing profile subconstruction. In the last embodiment, the base 1 of the supporting bracket in the different described embodiments will be rotated at 90° according to what is shown in the figures.
1. Supporting bracket for façade structures, including a metal-made base (1) for fixing
of the supporting bracket to a building structure (9), at least one intermediate detail
(2), and at least one end detail (3) for fixing to a supporting profile (8) of a façade
substructure, characterized in that the at least one intermediate detail (2) and the at least one end detail (3) are
made from metals with different conductivity and are connected to each other through
fastening elements (5).
2. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one end detail (3) is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
3. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that at the least one intermediate detail (2) is made of steel.
4. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one intermediate detail (2) and the base (1) are made as a monolithic
detail, made of steel.
5. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim, 4, characterized in that the shape of the base (1) with the at least one intermediate detail (2) is selected
from the following embodiments:
- U-shaped with two intermediate details (2) in the shape of two parallel to each other arms, arranged transversely to the base (1), wherein an end detail (3) each is fastened to the disengaged ends of each of the two parallel arms by fastening elements (5);
- L-shaped, wherein the base (1) is one of the arms of an L-shaped profile, wherein the other arm is an intermediate detail (2), arranged transversely to the base at one end of the base (1), wherein an end detail (3) is fastened to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail (2) by fastening elements (5); or
- T-shaped, wherein the base (1) is one of the arms of a T-shaped profile, wherein the other arm is an intermediate detail (2), arranged transversely to the base, in the middle of the base (1), wherein an end detail (3) is fastened to the disengaged end of the intermediate detail (2) by fastening elements (5).
6. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to any of the claims from 1 to
3, characterized in that the base (1) and the at least one end detail (3) are made of aluminum or aluminum
alloy and at the least one intermediate detail (2) is made of steel.
7. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim 6, characterized in that the shape of the base (1) is selected from the following embodiments:
- U-shaped with two parallel arms, wherein an intermediate detail (2) each is fastened to the disengaged ends of each of the parallel arms by fastening elements (5), wherein an end detail each (3) is fastened to each intermediate detail (2) by fastening elements (5);
- L-shaped, wherein a first end of an intermediate detail (2) is fastened to a disengaged end of one of the arms of the base (1) by fastening elements (5), wherein the end detail (3) is fastened to a second end of the intermediate detail (2) by fastening elements (5); or
- T-shaped, wherein a first end of an intermediate detail (2) is fastened by fastening elements (5) to a disengaged end of one of the arms of the base (1), wherein the end detail (3) is fastened by fastening elements (5) to a second end of the intermediate detail (2).
8. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to each of the previous claims,
characterized in that the base (1) and/or the at least one intermediate detail (2) and/or the at least
one end detail (3) are plates.
9. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to each of the previous claims,
characterized in that the at least one intermediate detail (2) has a trough opening (10).
10. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to each of the previous claims,
characterized in that each set of fastening elements includes a plastic insulation detail (4) with a hole
for a fastening element (5), wherein the plastic insulation detail (4) is located
between the metal details of the supporting bracket, thus creating distance between
them.
11. Supporting bracket for façade structures, according to claim 10, characterized in that the plastic insulation detail (4) completely covers the area where the respective
metal details of the supporting bracket overlap.
12. System for fixing of façade structures, including a supporting bracket for façade
structures, fixed at one end to a building structure (9), and at a second end to a
load-bearing profile subconstruction, characterized in that the supporting bracket is according to claims 1-11, wherein the base (1) of the supporting
bracket is fastened by fastening elements (5) to the building structure (9) and the
at least one end detail (3) of the supporting bracket is fastened by fastening elements
(5) to a supporting profile (8) of the load-bearing profile subconstruction.