Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a filament, a material, and a method for producing
the material. In particular, the present invention relates to a filament containing
a polyamide resin and a dye.
Background Art
[0002] Filaments containing polyamide resins as main raw materials have been used in various
purposes. Since a filament containing a polyamide resin as a main raw material has
high strength, it is highly useful.
[0003] Meanwhile, use of an acidic dye has been known for dying a filament containing a
polyamide resin as a main raw material (Patent Document 1).
Citation List
Patent Documents
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0005] In dyeing a filament containing a polyamide resin as a main raw material, it was
found that good color fastness would be achieved when an acidic dye is used as described
in Patent Document 1. However, in a case of, for example, making a commingled fiber
with a filament that can only be dyed with a disperse dyes, such as when dyeing a
filament containing a polyamide resin as a main raw material, use of a disperse dye
may be required.
[0006] Meanwhile, it was found that a filament with a polyamide resin as a main raw material
often exhibits low color fastness when a disperse dye is used. For this reason, when
a disperse dye is used in a case of dyeing a commingled weave fabric with another
thermoplastic filament such as polyester, an issue of color transfer occurs on an
end product such as clothing or a bag.
[0007] The present invention is to solve the issues described above, and an object of the
present invention is to provide a filament that does not impair the strength that
is intrinsic to the filament and contains a disperse dye, and has excellent color
fastness, a material using the filament, and a method for producing the material.
Solution to Problem
[0008] As a result of studies conducted by the present inventor to solve the above issue,
the issue has been solved by the following means.
<1> A filament including a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring, and a disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring.
<2> The filament according to <1>, in which the disperse dye includes at least one
selected from an aromatic azo compound, a heterocyclic azo compound, and an anthraquinone
compound.
<3> The filament according to <1>, in which the disperse dye has a skeleton represented
by Formula (C1) below or a skeleton represented by Formula (C2):
Formula (C1) Ar1-N=N-Ar2
where in Formula (C1), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an aryl group having from 6 to 40 carbons or a heteroaryl
group having from 5 to 40 carbons;

<4> The filament according to any one of <1> to <3>, in which a single fiber fineness
is from 2.0 × 10-5 to 50 dtex.
<5> The filament according to any one of <1> to <4>, in which an elongation percentage
as measured in accordance with JIS L 1013:2010 is 30% or more.
<6> The filament according to any one of <1> to <5>, in which the filament includes
the polyamide resin containing diamine-derived structural units and dicarboxylic acid-derived
structural units, 70 mol% or more of the diamine-derived structural units are derived
from xylylenediamine, and 70 mol% or more of the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural
units are derived from α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 20
carbons.
<7> The filament according to <6>, in which the xylylenediamine contains from 30 to
100 mol% of m-xylylenediamine and from 0 to 70 mol% of p-xylylenediamine.
<8> The filament according to <6> or <7>, in which the dicarboxylic acid contains
α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 11 to 14 carbons.
<9> The filament according to <6> or <7>, in which the dicarboxylic acid contains
1,12-dodecanedioic acid.
<10> The filament according to any one of <1> to <9>, in which a filament length is
5 mm or more.
<11> The filament according to any one of <1> to <10>, in which the polyamide resin
is a crystalline polyamide resin.
<12> The filament according to any one of <1> to <11>, in which the filament is a
multifilament.
<13> The filament according to any one of <1> to <12>, in which, among all structural
units constituting the polyamide resin, from 20 to 80 mol% of structural units have
aromatic rings and/or hetero rings.
<14> A material containing a filament, the filament contained in the material including
a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, and a disperse dye
having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring.
<15> The material according to <14>, in which the filament is a filament according
to any one of <1> to <13>.
<16> The material according to <14> to <15>, in which the material is a knitted fabric
or a woven fabric.
<17> The material according to any one of <14> to <16>, having color fastness of 3
or more, in which the color fastness is a grade corresponding to a degree of coloration
on a white cotton fabric that is evaluated based on a gray scale for contamination
in accordance with JIS L 0805:2011 when the material is fixed on a desk, and a 1 kg
cylindrical weight is fully covered by cotton No. 3-1 specified in JIS L 0803:2011
is placed on the material and moved back and forth for 100 times.
<18> A method for producing a filament according to any one of <1> to <13>, the method
including applying a polyamide filament containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring to a liquid containing a disperse dye having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring and water.
<19> A method for producing a material, the method including applying a woven fabric
or a knitted fabric, the woven fabric formed from a polyamide filament containing
a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, the knitted fabric
formed from a polyamide filament containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring
and/or a hetero ring, to a liquid containing a disperse dye having an aromatic ring
and/or a hetero ring and water.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0009] The present invention unable to provide a filament that does not impair the strength
that is intrinsic to the filament and contains a disperse dye, and has excellent color
fastness, a material using the filament, and a method for producing the material.
Description of Embodiments
[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention (referred to simply
as "the present embodiment" below) will be described in detail. Note that the following
present embodiments are examples for describing the present invention, and the present
invention is not limited to the present embodiments.
[0011] In the present description, "from ... to ..." or "of ... to ..." is used to mean
that the numerical values described before and after "to" are included as the lower
limit and the upper limit, respectively.
[0012] In a description of a group (atomic group) in the present specification, a description
not specifying whether the group is a substituted group or an unsubstituted group
is meant to include a group (atomic group) having a substituent as well as a group
(atomic group) having no substituent. For example, an "alkyl group" includes not only
an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl
group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group). In the present specification,
a description not specifying whether the group is a substituted group or an unsubstituted
group means that the group is preferably an unsubstituted group.
[0013] In the present description, various physical property values and characteristic values
are at 23°C unless otherwise noted.
[0014] The filament according to the present embodiment contains a polyamide resin having
an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, and a disperse dye having an aromatic ring
and/or a hetero ring. Such a filament does not impair its strength that is intrinsic
to the filament and contains a disperse dye, yet has excellent color fastness Although
this reasoning is an assumption, it is assumed that the aromatic ring and/or the hetero
ring that the polyamide resin has may interact with the aromatic ring and/or the hetero
ring that the disperse dye has, thereby effectively taking the disperse dye into the
polyamide filament. On the other hand, an acidic dye such as the one disclosed in
Patent Document 1 is ionically bonded to an amino group at a terminal of the polyamide
resin and is taken into the polyamide filament.
[0015] Note that, in the present description, a filament of the present embodiment before
dyeing may be referred to as "polyamide filament". That is, the polyamide filament
does not generally contain a disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring.
Polyamide Resin Having Aromatic Ring and/or Hetero Ring
[0016] The filament according to the present embodiment contains a polyamide resin having
an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring. By using such a polyamide resin, a polyamide
filament can be dyed using a disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring.
[0017] Although the type and the like of the polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or
a hetero ring are not particularly specified, among all structural units constituting
the polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, from 20 to 80 mol%
are preferably structural units having aromatic rings and/or hetero rings, from 30
to 70 mol% are more preferably structural units having aromatic rings and/or hetero
rings, and from 40 to 60 mol% are even more preferably structural units having aromatic
rings and/or hetero rings. With such a configuration, a melt spinning method or the
like can also be employed in addition to a solution spinning method as a spinning
method. Furthermore, even when a solution spinning method is employed, use of a strong
acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, as a solvent is not required, and the productivity
tends to improve.
[0018] The polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring used in the present
embodiment preferably has an aromatic ring.
[0019] Furthermore, the structural unit having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring is
preferably a diamine-derived structural unit having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring.
[0020] Examples of such a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring used
in the present embodiment include nylon 6T, nylon 6/6T, nylon 66/6T, nylon 6I, nylon
66/6I/6, nylon 66/6I, nylon 6T/6I, nylon 6T/12, nylon 66/6T/6I, nylon 9T, nylon 9I,
nylon 9T, 9I, nylon 10T, 1,3-BAC10I (polyamide resin made of 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane,
sebacic acid, and isophthalic acid), 1,4-BAC10I (polyamide resin made of 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane,
sebacic acid, and isophthalic acid), and xylylenediamine-based polyamide resins described
in detail below, and a xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin is preferred.
[0021] In the present embodiment, the polyamide resin (hereinafter, in the present description,
also referred to as "xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin") preferably contains diamine-derived
structural units and dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units, 70 mol% or more of
the diamine-derived structural units being preferably derived from xylylenediamine,
and 70 mol% or more of the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units being preferably
derived from α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 20 carbons.
By using the xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin, a filament having a high Young's
modulus in addition to excellent color fastness when the disperse dye described above
is contained can be obtained. Furthermore, due to low water absorption, changes in
mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and strength, over time is small, and
a textile product having tension and stiffness can be obtained.
[0022] In the xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin, 70 mol% or more of the diamine-derived
structural units are derived from xylylenediamine; preferably 80 mol% or more, more
preferably 90 mol% or more, even more preferably 95 mol% or more, and yet even more
preferably 99 mol% or more of the diamine-derived structural units are derived from
xylylenediamine. The upper limit may be 100 mol%.
[0023] The xylylenediamine preferably contains from 30 to 100 mol% of m-xylylenediamine
and 0 to 70 mol% of p-xylylenediamine, and more preferably contain from 50 to 100
mol% of m-xylylenediamine and from 0 to 50 mol% of p-xylylenediamine. Furthermore,
in the xylylenediamine, the total amount of m-xylylenediamine and p-xylylenediamine
is preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 99 mol% or more, and even more preferably
100 mol%.
[0024] Examples of the diamine component besides xylylenediamine include aliphatic diamines,
such as tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine,
heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine,
dodecamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-hexamethylenediamine, and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine;
alicyclic diamines, such as 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane,
1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane,
bis(aminomethyl)decalin, and bis(aminomethyl)tricyclodecane; and diamines having an
aromatic ring, such as bis(4-aminophenyl)ether, p-phenylenediamine, and bis(aminomethyl)naphthalene.
One type of these can be used, or two or more types can be mixed and used.
[0025] In the xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin, 70 mol% or more of the dicarboxylic
acid-derived structural units are derived from α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids
having from 4 to 20 carbons; however, preferably 80 mol% or more, more preferably
90 mol% or more, even more preferably 95 mol% or more, and yet even more preferably
99 mol% or more of the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units are derived from
α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 20 carbons. The upper limit
may be 100 mol%.
[0026] The number of carbons in the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4
to 20 carbons is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 9 or more, and even more preferably
11 or more. Furthermore, the number of carbons in the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic
acid having from 4 to 20 carbons is preferably 16 or less, and more preferably 14
or less. The number of carbons in the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having
from 4 to 20 carbons is even more preferably 12 or less, and yet even more preferably
12.
[0027] Setting the number of carbons to 4 or more allows the water absorption of the xylylenediamine-based
polyamide resin to become low and physical properties to be less likely to deteriorate
during dyeing of the polyamide filament by application of a liquid containing a disperse
dye and water to the polyamide filament. Furthermore, by setting the number of carbons
to 20 or less, practically adequate melting point as the polyamide filament can be
achieved, and the polyamide filament will be easily usable by various processing as
a textile product. In particular, due to high melting point, resistance to heating
in dyeing process, drying after dyeing, and heating using an iron or the like becomes
high. Furthermore, the Young's modulus can be set adequate, and a filament having
tension and stiffness can be obtained.
[0028] Specific examples of the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to
20 carbons include malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic
acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,11- undecanedioic acid, and 1,12-dodecanedioic
acid. Adipic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid are preferred, sebacic
acid and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid are more preferred, and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid is
even more preferred. When the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4
to 20 carbons is 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, the effects described above are particularly
remarkably achieved.
[0029] Examples of dicarboxylic acid components other than the α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic
acid having from 4 to 20 carbons include phthalic acid compounds, such as isophthalic
acid, terephthalic acid, and ortho-phthalic acid; and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,
such as 1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic
acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic
acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic
acid, and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. One of these can be used alone, or two
or more types can be mixed and used.
[0030] Here, "containing diamine-derived structural units and dicarboxylic acid-derived
structural units" means that the amide bond constituting the xylylenediamine-based
polyamide resin is formed by a bond between a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine. In
addition, the xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin contains any other moiety, such
as a terminal group, in addition to the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units
and the diamine-derived structural units. Furthermore, the XD-based polyamide may
contain a repeating unit having an amide bond not derived from the bond between a
dicarboxylic acid and a diamine, a trace amount of an impurity, or the like. Specifically,
for the xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin, in addition to the diamine component
and the dicarboxylic acid component, a lactam, such as ε-caprolactam or laurolactam;
or an aliphatic aminocarboxylic acid, such as aminocaproic acid or aminoundecanoic
acid; can also be used as a copolymer component constituting the xylylenediamine-based
polyamide resin within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, preferably 90 mass% or more, more preferably
95 mass% or more, and even more preferably 98 mass% or more, of the xylylenediamine-based
polyamide resin is the diamine-derived structural unit or the dicarboxylic acid-derived
structural unit.
[0031] Furthermore, also for the nylon 6T and the like described above, it is obvious that
another structural unit derived from another monomer may be contained within a range
that does not impair the effects of the present invention in addition to those containing
only hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid.
[0032] The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyamide resin having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring used in the present embodiment is preferably from 6000 to
50000, more preferably from 8000 to 48000, and even more preferably from 9000 to 46000.
The polyamide resin with a number average molecular weight in such a range provides
better molding processability.
[0033] Note that the number average molecular weight (Mn) can be determined by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) analysis based on calibration with standard polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA).
[0034] The polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring may be a crystalline
polyamide resin having a clear melting point or an amorphous polyamide resin having
no clear melting point but is preferably a crystalline polyamide resin. Using a crystalline
polyamide resin allows a disperse dye of the filament of the present embodiment to
be less likely to fall off. In particular, when a commingled fiber yarn is formed
with a dye that is easily dyed with a disperse dye, such as a polyester filament,
if the disperse dye easily fall off from the filament of the present embodiment, color
transfer tends to occur; however, the present embodiment can avoid this effectively.
[0035] Note that, in the present description, amorphous resin refers to a resin having a
crystalline melting enthalpy ΔHm of less than 5 J/g, and crystalline resin refers
a resin having a crystal melting enthalpy ΔHm of 5 J/g or more.
[0036] When the polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring has a melting
point, the melting point is preferably from 170 to 250°C. Such a range can provide
superior molding processability and can provide a molded product having superior thermal
resistance.
[0037] Note that, in an embodiment of the present invention, the melting point means a temperature
at which an endothermic peak reaches its maximum during a temperature increase when
observed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Specifically, using
a DSC instrument and a sample amount of 1 mg, a polyamide resin is melted by heating
to a temperature that is equal to or higher than a predicted melting point from room
temperature (25°C) at a temperature increase rate of 10°C/min while nitrogen is streamed
at 30 mL/min as an atmosphere gas, and then the melted polyamide resin is rapidly
cooled using dry ice, and the temperature is increased again to a temperature that
is equal to or higher than the melting point at a rate of 10°C/min. The temperature
at which an endothermic peak reaches its maximum at this time is referred to as the
melting point.
[0038] Furthermore, in the filament of the present embodiment, preferably 70 mass% or more,
more preferably 80 mass% or more, and even more preferably 90 mass% or more, and may
be 95 mass% or more, of the mass of the filament is the polyamide resin having an
aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring. The upper limit is, for example, 99.9 mass% or
less.
[0039] The filament of the present embodiment may contain only one type of the polyamide
resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring or may contain two or more types
thereof. When two or more types of mold release agents are contained, the total amount
thereof is preferably in the above range.
Disperse Dye Having Aromatic Ring and/or Hetero Ring
[0040] The filament of the present embodiment contains a disperse dye having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring. Using a dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring
allows the dye to be easily included in the polyamide filament due to the interaction
with an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring of the polyamide resin having the aromatic
ring and/or the hetero ring. Furthermore, the disperse dye is preferably used in a
case of making a commingled fiber yarn with a filament that can only be dyed with
a disperse dye.
[0041] The disperse dye used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long
as the disperse dye has an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, and a known disperse
dye can be widely used. Examples of the disperse dye include disperse dyes of an aromatic
azo compound, a heterocyclic azo compound, an anthraquinone compound, a quinoline
compound, a quinophthalone compound, a benzodifuranone compound, and a coumarin compound.
The disperse dye preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting
of an aromatic azo compound, a heterocyclic azo compound, and an anthraquinone compound,
and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an
aromatic azo compound and an anthraquinone compound. By using such a compound, the
color fastness tends to further improve. Note that the aromatic azo compound refers
to a compound having an aromatic ring (preferably, a benzene ring) and an azo structure
(-N=N-). The heterocyclic azo compound refers to a compound having a hetero ring and
an azo structure (-N=N-). The anthraquinone compound refers to a compound having an
anthraquinone ring. The quinoline compound refers to a compound having a quinoline
ring. The quinophthalone compound refers to a compound having a quinophthalone ring.
The benzodifuranone compound refers to a compound having a benzodifuranone ring. The
coumarin compound refers to a compound having a coumarin ring. These compounds preferably
have molecular weights of 300 to 1000. By using a compound having such a molecular
weight, the polyamide filament tends to effectively incorporate the disperse dye.
[0042] The disperse dye used in the present embodiment is preferably a disperse dye having
a skeleton represented by Formula (C1) below or a skeleton represented by Formula
(C2) below. By using such a compound, the color fastness tends to further improve.
Note that a compound having a skeleton means a compound including structures represented
by Formula (C1) and Formula (C2) or structures in which hydrogen atom(s) contained
in the structures represented by Formula (C1) and Formula (C2) are replaced with substituent(s)
(e.g., substituent T described below):
Formula (C1) Ar
1-N=N-Ar
2
[0043] In Formula (C1), Ar
1 and Ar
2 each independently represent an aryl group having from 6 to 40 carbons or a heteroaryl
group having from 5 to 40 carbons.
[0044] In Formula (C1), the aryl group having from 6 to 40 carbons (preferably from 6 to
20 carbons) include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferred.
Examples of the heteroaryl group having from 5 to 40 carbons (preferably from 5 to
20 carbons) include a pyrrolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridalyl group, a benzimidazolyl
group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group, a dihydrobenzoxazinyl
group, a tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, a thienyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl
group, a benzothiazolyl group, and a benzisothiazolyl group.
[0045] Hydrogen atom(s) contained in Formula (C1) (including hydrogen atoms contained in
Ar
1 and Ar
2) may be replaced with substituent(s), and examples of the substituent include a substituent
T described below. The substituent may be further replaced with another substituent.
[0046] Examples of the substituent T include alkyl groups (having preferably from 1 to 24
carbons, more preferably from 1 to 12 carbons, and even more preferably from 1 to
6 carbons), cycloalkyl groups (having preferably from 3 to 24 carbons, more preferably
from 3 to 12 carbons, and even more preferably from 3 to 6 carbons), aralkyl groups
(having preferably from 7 to 21 carbons, more preferably from 7 to 15 carbons, and
even more preferably from 7 to 11 carbons), alkenyl groups (having preferably from
2 to 24 carbons, more preferably from 2 to 12 carbons, and even more preferably from
2 to 6 carbons), cycloalkenyl groups (having preferably from 3 to 24 carbons, more
preferably from 3 to 12 carbons, and even more preferably from 3 to 6 carbons), a
hydroxyl group, amino groups (having preferably from 0 to 24 carbons, more preferably
from 0 to 12 carbons, and even more preferably from 0 to 6 carbons), a thiol group,
a carboxyl group, aryl groups (having preferably from 6 to 22 carbons, more preferably
from 6 to 18 carbons, and even more preferably from 6 to 10 carbons), acyl groups
(having preferably from 2 to 12 carbons, more preferably from 2 to 6 carbons, and
even more preferably from 2 to 3 carbons), acyloxy groups (having preferably from
2 to 12 carbons, more preferably from 2 to 6 carbons, and even more preferably from
2 to 3 carbons), aryloyl groups (having preferably from 7 to 23 carbons, more preferably
from 7 to 19 carbons, and even more preferably from 7 to 11 carbons), aryloyloxy groups
(having preferably from 7 to 23 carbons, more preferably from 7 to 19 carbons, even
more preferably from 7 to 11 carbons), carbamoyl groups (having preferably from 1
to 12, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbons, and even more preferably from 1 to 3 carbons),
sulfamoyl groups (having preferably from 0 to 12 carbons, more preferably from 0 to
6 carbons, and even more preferably from 0 to 3 carbons), a sulfo group, alkylsulfonyl
groups (having preferably from 1 to 12 carbons, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbons,
and even more preferably from 1 to 3 carbons), arylsulfonyl groups (having preferably
from 6 to 22 carbons, more preferably from 6 to 18 carbons, and even more preferably
from 6 to 10 carbons), hetero ring groups (having preferably from 1 to 12 carbons,
more preferably from 1 to 8 carbons, and even more preferably 2 to 5 carbons, and
preferably contains a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring), (meth)acryloyl groups,
(meth)acryloyloxy groups, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine
atom, and iodine atom), an oxo group (=O), imino groups (=NR
N), and alkylidene groups (=C(R
N)
2). R
N is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
The alkyl moiety and alkenyl moiety contained in each substituent may be linear or
branched and may be in a chain form or a cyclic form. In a case where the substituent
T is a group that may accept a substituent, the substituent T may further contain
another substituent T. For example, an alkyl group may be a halogenated alkyl group,
or may be a (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group.
In a case where the substituent is a group that may form a salt of a carboxyl group
or an amino group, the group may form a salt.

[0047] Hydrogen atom(s) contained in Formula (C2) may be replaced with substituent(s), and
examples of the substituent include a substituent T described below. The substituent
may be further replaced with another substituent.
[0048] An example of the disperse dye having a skeleton represented by Formula (C1) is the
following compound:

[0049] An example of the disperse dye having a skeleton represented by Formula (C2) is the
following compound:

[0050] In addition to these, as the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring, for example, those described in paragraphs [0040] to [0043] of
JP 2019-182780 A and those described in paragraphs [0027] to [0045] of
JP 2018-168486 A can be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0051] The content of the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring in the
filament of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 mass% or more, more preferably
0.4 mass% or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mass% or more. Setting the content
to not less than the lower limit value allows a target tone of color to be effectively
exhibited. Furthermore, the content of the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or
a hetero ring in the filament of the present embodiment is preferably 5 mass% or less,
more preferably 3.5 mass% or less, and even more preferably 3 mass% or less. By setting
the content to not greater than the upper limit value, differing from a target tone
of color is prevented, and color transfer can be effectively suppressed at the time
of use as a textile product.
[0052] The filament of the present embodiment may contain only one type of the disperse
dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring or may contain two or more types
thereof. When two or more types of mold release agents are contained, the total amount
thereof is preferably in the above range.
Other Components
[0053] The filament of the present embodiment may contain another component besides the
polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and the disperse dye
having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring.
[0054] The filament of the present embodiment may contain a polyamide resin besides the
polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, and/or a thermoplastic
resin besides the polyamide resin.
[0055] Examples of the polyamide resin other than the polyamide resin having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring include aliphatic polyamide resins such as polyamide 4,
polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 46, polyamide 66, polyamide 6/66,
polyamide 610, and polyamide 612.
[0056] Furthermore, examples of the thermoplastic resin other than the polyamide resin include
polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester resins such as
polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; polycarbonate resins; polyoxymethylene
resins; polyether ketones, polyether sulfones, and thermoplastic polyether imides.
[0057] The content of the polyamide resin other than the polyamide resin having an aromatic
ring and/or a hetero ring and the thermoplastic resin other than the polyamide resin
is, in a case where these resins are contained, preferably from 1 to 10 mass% in the
filament of the present embodiment.
[0058] The filament of the present embodiment may further contain additives such as antioxidants,
thermal stabilizers, hydrolysis-resistance improving agents, weather resistant stabilizers,
matting agents, UV absorbers, nucleating agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, antistatic
agents, anti-gelling agents, release agents, and surfactants within a scope that does
not impair the object and effect of the present invention. For details of these additives,
reference can be made to the descriptions in paragraphs [0130] to [0155] of
JP 4894982 B, paragraph [0021] of
JP 2010-281027 A, and paragraph [0036] of
JP 2016-223037 A, the contents of which are incorporated in the present specification. In a case where
these components are contained, the content of these components is preferably from
0.001 to 5 mass% in the filament of the present embodiment.
[0059] In the filament of the present embodiment, a total of the polyamide resin having
an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring, the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or
a hetero ring, and optionally blended other component(s) (e.g., resins and additives)
is adjusted to 100 mass%.
Form and Physical Property of Filament
[0060] The filament of the present embodiment may be a monofilament or a multifilament and
is preferably a multifilament. By forming a multifilament, processing into various
textile forms, such as woven fabric, knitted fabric, braids, and non-woven fabric,
becomes easy.
[0061] In a case where the filament of the present embodiment is a multifilament, the number
of filaments constituting one multifilament is preferably 10 or more, more preferably
20 or more, and even more preferably 30 or more. Furthermore, the upper limit of the
number of the filaments constituting one multifilament is preferably 100 or less,
more preferably 60 or less, and even more preferably 55 or less. Setting the number
in such a range allows fusion of single yarns during spinning to be prevented while
patches of single fiber fineness during spinning is suppressed.
[0062] The cross section of the filament of the present embodiment is typically circular.
Note that the circular includes those roughly circular in the technical field of the
present embodiment in addition to circular in a geometrical sense. Furthermore, the
cross section of the filament in the present embodiment may be a shape other than
circular, and examples thereof include flat shapes such as an ellipse and an oval.
[0063] The filament of the present embodiment preferably has a single fiber fineness from
2.0 × 10
-5 to 50 dtex. By setting the single fiber fineness to not lower than the lower limit
value, stable spinning can be performed, and adequate strength can be imparted to
a textile product when processing into various textile product forms is performed.
By setting the single fiber fineness to not higher than the upper limit value, the
dye readily infiltrates into an inner part of a fiber, and more vivid dyeing can be
performed. The lower limit of the single fiber fineness is preferably 8.0 × 10
-5 dtex or more, more preferably 9.0 × 10
-3 dtex or more, even more preferably 1.0 × 10
-2 dtex or more, yet even more preferably 0.5 dtex or more, and yet even more preferably
1 dtex or more. Furthermore, the upper limit of the single fiber fineness is preferably
40 dtex or less, more preferably 30 dtex or less, even more preferably 25 dtex or
less, yet even more preferably 20 dtex or less, yet even more preferably 18 dtex or
less, and yet even more preferably 10 dex or less.
[0064] Furthermore, the filament of the present embodiment is preferably from 10 to 1000
dtex in a case where the filament is a multifilament. By setting the single fiber
fineness to not lower than the lower limit value, stable molding can be performed,
and adequate strength can be imparted to a textile product when processing into various
textile products is performed. By setting the single fiber fineness to not higher
than the upper limit value, the dye readily infiltrates into an inner part of a fiber,
and more vivid dyeing can be performed. The lower limit of the fineness of the multifilament
is preferably 40 dtex or more, more preferably 60 dtex or more, and even more preferably
100 dtex or more. Furthermore, the upper limit of the fineness of the multifilament
is preferably 800 dtex or less, more preferably 600 dtex or less, and even more preferably
500 dtex or less.
[0065] The fineness is measured in accordance with the method described in Examples below.
[0066] The filament length (mass average length) of the present embodiment is not particularly
specified but is preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 m or more, even more
preferably 1 m or more, and yet even more preferably 100 m or more. Furthermore, the
upper limit value of the length of the filament (mass average length) is preferably
20000 m or less, more preferably 1000 m or less, and even more preferably 100 m or
less.
[0067] For the filament of the present embodiment, the elongation percentage measured in
accordance with the JIS L 1013:2010 is preferably 30% or more. By setting the elongation
percentage to 30% or more, breakage of yarn during processing can be effectively suppressed.
The elongation percentage is preferably 35% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.
The upper limit of the elongation percentage is preferably 70% or less, and more preferably
60% or less. By setting the elongation percentage to not higher than the upper limit
value, processability upon processing into various textile forms, such as woven fabric,
knitted fabric, braids, and non-woven fabric, tends to further improve.
[0068] The filament of the present embodiment preferably has high color fastness. Specifically,
when a material containing the filament described in detail below is formed, the color
fastness is preferably 3 or more. The upper limit is preferably 5 or less. The color
fastness is a grade corresponding to a degree of coloration on a white cotton fabric
that is evaluated based on a gray scale for contamination in accordance with JIS L
0805:2011 when the material is fixed on a desk, and a 1 kg cylindrical weight fully
covered by cotton No. 3-1 specified in JIS L 0803:2011 is placed on the material and
moved back and forth for 100 times.
Material
[0069] The material of the present embodiment contains a filament, and the filament contained
in the material contains a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero
ring, and a disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring. The material
containing such a filament is suitably used for various purposes because of excellent
design. The filament is preferably the filament of the present embodiment.
[0070] The filament of the present embodiment may be used as is or may be processed into
a material such as commingled fiber yarn, braids, twisted string, yarn, or string
having a core-in-sheath structure. In a case where a commingled fiber yarn is formed,
the filament is preferably combined with another thermoplastic resin filament, reinforcement
fiber (filament) such as a carbon fiber or glass fiber, or the like.
[0071] The material of the present embodiment may be, for example, a woven fabric, knitted
fabric, or non-woven fabric made of the filament of the present embodiment. The material
of the present embodiment may include the filament contained in the material contains
a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and a disperse dye
having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring by, for example, dyeing woven fabric,
knitted fabric, or non-woven fabric constituting the polyamide filament. The woven
fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, and the like in the present embodiment include
woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, and the like made of commingled fiber
yarn, braids, twisted string, and the like using the filament of the present embodiment.
The material of the present embodiment is preferably knitted fabric or woven fabric.
[0072] The woven fabric may be any of a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, a leno
weave, and the like. An example of the knitted fabric is plain knitting.
[0073] The material of the present embodiment preferably has a density of 1.10 to 1.25 g/cm
3.
[0074] The material of the present embodiment preferably has high color fastness. Specifically,
the color fastness is preferably 3 or more. The upper limit is preferably 5 or less.
Note that the color fastness is a grade corresponding to a case where the material
is fixed on a desk, a 1 kg cylindrical weight fully covered by cotton No. 3-1 specified
in JIS L 0803:2011 is placed on the material and moved back and forth for 100 times,
and a degree of coloration of the white cotton fabric is evaluated based on a gray
scale for contamination in accordance with JIS L 0805:201 1.
[0075] The material of the present embodiment refers to a material in which the filament
of the present embodiment keeps a filament form. Note that keep means that a filament
form is substantially maintained, and includes a case where a part (e.g., 10 vol.%
or less) of a filament is melted and bonded with, for example, another filament or
reinforcement fiber.
Production Method
[0076] The filament of the present embodiment is obtained by shaping a composition containing
a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring. The shaping method
can be freely chosen, and shaping into a desired shape may be performed by a freely
chosen known shaping method such as melt spinning. For example, reference can be made
to the disclosure of paragraphs [0051] to [0058] of
WO 2017/010389, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0077] In the present embodiment, in particular, the polyamide filament is preferably produced
by a melt spinning method or an electrospinning method. The melt spinning method is
a method in which a composition containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring
and/or a hetero ring is extruded through a multi-hole die by an extruder and stretched
by passing through a roll. Furthermore, the electrospinning method is a method in
which a composition containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a
hetero ring is dissolved in a solvent, and when the dissolved resin solution is discharged
from a thin nozzle, an electric field is applied during discharging of the resin solution
to electrify the resin solution itself, thus stretching is performed by the potential
difference, and the solvent is removed.
[0078] Furthermore, for the filament of the present embodiment, preferably, a composition
containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring is typically
formed into a polyamide filament first, and then a disperse dye is allowed to infiltrate
into an inner part. Specifically, in the present embodiment, a polyamide filament
is preferably dyed by applying (preferably infiltration) a liquid containing a disperse
dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and water to a polyamide filament
containing a polyamide resin having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring.
[0079] In the present embodiment, when the liquid containing the disperse dye having an
aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and water is applied to the polyamide filament,
the liquid containing the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring
and water is preferably heated. The heating temperature is preferably 60°C or higher,
more preferably 100°C or higher, even more preferably 120°C or higher, and yet even
more preferably 125°C or higher. The upper limit value of the heating temperature
is preferably 180°C or lower, more preferably 160°C or lower, even more preferably
155°C or lower, and yet even more preferably 150°C or lower. By setting the heating
temperature to not lower than the lower limit value, color fastness of the polyamide
filament after dyeing can be enhanced in addition to improved dye affinity. By setting
the heating temperature to not higher than the upper limit value, hydrolysis during
dyeing can be suppressed, and reduction in tensile strength can be more effectively
suppressed.
[0080] Furthermore, the filament of the present embodiment is preferably stretched. The
stretching may be performed before or after application of the liquid containing the
disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and water to the polyamide
filament, and is preferably performed before the application. The stretching ratio
is preferably from 1.5 to 6.0-fold, and more preferably from 2.0 to 5.5-fold. By the
stretching, molecular chains are oriented in one direction, and tensile strength of
the filament can be further enhanced.
[0081] The application time of the liquid containing the disperse dye and water is preferably
from 10 to 100 minutes.
[0082] Furthermore, in a case where the filament of the present embodiment is formed into
a material such as knitted fabric or woven fabric, processing into a material such
as knitted fabric or woven fabric may be performed after the polyamide filament is
dyed. However, dyeing may be performed after the polyamide filament is processed into
a material such as knitted fabric or woven fabric. By dyeing the polyamide filament
after the polyamide filament is processed into a material such as knitted fabric or
woven fabric, processing cost can be reduced, and it becomes easy to produce a wide
variety of types in a small amount.
[0083] As a method for dyeing, application of a liquid containing a disperse dye having
an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and water to the polyamide filament or to the
knitted fabric or woven fabric made of the polyamide filament is preferred.
[0084] The disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring in the liquid containing
the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring and water is synonymous
with the disperse dye having an aromatic ring and/or a hetero ring described above.
In the liquid containing the disperse dye and water, from 0.01 to 1 mass% of the liquid
is preferably the disperse dye and from 0.05 to 0.7 mass% of the liquid is preferably
water. Furthermore, the liquid containing the disperse dye and water may contain another
component besides the disperse dye and the water or may contain no such component.
Examples of the component other than the disperse dye and water include anionic or
nonionic-anionic surfactants, acetic acid, biphenyl, trichlorobenzene, methylnaphthalene,
o-benzylphenol, p-benzylphenol, o-phenylphenol, propyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,
butyl paraben, methyl salicylate, and vanillin. The liquid containing the disperse
dye and water may contain only one type of the disperse dye or may contain two or
more types thereof. When two or more types of mold release agents are contained, the
total amount thereof is preferably in the above range.
Applications
[0085] The filament of the present embodiment is suitably used in bags, socks, clothing,
carpets, fishing line, fishnet, industrial materials, gut for rackets, and the like.
[0086] The filament and the material of the present embodiment are widely used in applications
including components for transportation devices, such as automobiles; general mechanical
components; precision mechanical components; electronic and electrical equipment components;
OA equipment components; building materials and housing-related components; medical
devices; leisure sporting goods (e.g., fishing line); amusement goods; medical products;
food packaging films; daily necessities, such as clothing; and defense and aerospace
products.
[0087] The filament of the present embodiment may be wound around a core material. That
is, the filament of the present embodiment may be a wound body including a core material
and a filament wound around the core material.
Examples
[0088] The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples
below. Materials, amounts used, proportions, processing details, processing procedures,
and the like described in the following examples can be appropriately changed as long
as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention. Thus, the scope of
the present invention is not limited to the specific examples described below.
[0089] If a measuring device used in the examples is not readily available due to discontinuation
or the like, another device with equivalent performance can be used for measurement.
1. Raw Material
Synthesis of Polyamide MP12
[0090] In a jacketed reactor equipped with an agitator, a partial condenser, a cooler, a
thermometer, a dripping tank, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, precisely weighed
60.00 mol of 1,12-dodecanedioic acid was placed, then the reactor was sufficiently
purged with nitrogen and the temperature was increased to 180°C under a small amount
of nitrogen gas stream, and thus the 1,12-dodecanedioic acid was dissolved to form
a uniformly fluidized state. To this, 60 mol of p/m-xylylenediamine containing a diamine
component in which 30 mol% was p-xylylenediamine and 70 mol% was m-xylylenediamine
was added dropwise over 160 minutes while agitation was performed. At this time, the
inner pressure of the reaction system was at normal pressure, and the internal temperature
was continuously increased to 250°C. The water that distilled out along with the dropwise
addition of the p/m-xylylenediamine was removed from the system through the partial
condenser and the cooler. After completion of the dropwise addition of the p/m-xylylenediamine,
the liquid temperature of 250°C was maintained to continue the reaction for 10 minutes.
Thereafter, the internal pressure of the reaction system was continuously reduced
to 600 Torr over 10 minutes, and then the reaction was continued for 20 minutes. At
this time, the reaction temperature was continuously increased to 260°C. After completion
of the reaction, by application of a pressure of 0.3 MPa using a nitrogen gas in the
reactor, the polymer was taken out as a strand from a nozzle at a bottom part of the
polymerization tank and cooled with water. Then, the strand was cut into a pallet
shape, and thus pellets of a melt polymerization product were obtained. At room temperature,
the obtained pellets were charged in a tumbler (rotational vacuum chamber) equipped
with a jacket of heat medium heating. Inside of the chamber was set to a reduced pressure
condition (0.5 to 10 Torr) while the tumbler was rotated, the circulating heat medium
was heated to 150°C, and the pellet temperature was increased to 130°C and this temperature
was maintained for 3 hours. Thereafter, nitrogen was introduced again to set the pressure
to normal pressure, and cooling was started. When the temperature of the pellets became
70°C or lower, the pellets were taken out from the chamber, and thus a solid phase
polymerization product was obtained.
[0091] The melting point of the obtained polyamide resin (MP12) was 206°C.
Synthesis of Polyamide MXD12
[0092] In a jacketed reactor equipped with an agitator, a partial condenser, a cooler, a
thermometer, a dripping tank, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, precisely weighed
60.00 mol of 1,12-dodecanedioic acid was placed, then the reactor was sufficiently
purged with nitrogen and the temperature was increased to 180°C under a small amount
of nitrogen gas stream, and thus the 1,12-dodecanedioic acid was dissolved to form
a uniformly fluidized state. To this, 60 mol of m-xylylenediamine was added dropwise
over 160 minutes while agitation was performed. At this time, the inner pressure of
the reaction system was at normal pressure, and the internal temperature was continuously
increased to 250°C. The water that distilled out along with the dropwise addition
of the m-xylylenediamine was removed from the system through the partial condenser
and the cooler. After completion of the dropwise addition of the m-xylylenediamine,
the liquid temperature of 250°C was maintained to continue the reaction for 10 minutes.
Thereafter, the internal pressure of the reaction system was continuously reduced
to 600 Torr over 10 minutes, and then the reaction was continued for 20 minutes. At
this time, the reaction temperature was continuously increased to 260°C. After completion
of the reaction, by application of a pressure of 0.3 MPa using a nitrogen gas in the
reactor, the polymer was taken out as a strand from a nozzle at a bottom part of the
polymerization tank and cooled with water. Then, the strand was cut into a pallet
shape, and thus pellets of a melt polymerization product were obtained. At room temperature,
the obtained pellets were charged in a tumbler (rotational vacuum chamber) equipped
with a jacket of heat medium heating. Inside of the chamber was set to a reduced pressure
condition (0.5 to 10 Torr) while the tumbler was rotated, the circulating heat medium
was heated to 150°C, and the pellet temperature was increased to 130°C and this temperature
was maintained for 3 hours. Thereafter, nitrogen was introduced again to set the pressure
to normal pressure, and cooling was started. When the temperature of the pellets became
70°C or lower, the pellets were taken out from the chamber, and thus a solid phase
polymerization product was obtained.
[0093] The melting point of the obtained polyamide resin (MXD12) was 190°C.
Synthesis Example of Polyamide MP10 (M/P Ratio = 7:3)
[0094] In a jacketed reactor equipped with an agitator, a partial condenser, a cooler, a
thermometer, a dripping tank, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, sebacic acid was
placed, heated and dissolved in a nitrogen atmosphere, then, while the contents were
agitated and while a diamine mixture (available from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company,
Inc.) having a molar ratio of m-xylylenediamine to p-xylylenediamine of 7:3 was gradually
added dropwise under increased pressure (0.35 MPa) to give a molar ratio of the diamines
to sebacic acid of approximately 1:1, the temperature was increased to 235°C. After
completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 60 minutes, and
the amount of components with a molecular weight of 1000 or less was adjusted. After
completion of the reaction, the contents were taken out in the form of strands and
pelletized with a pelletizer, and a polyamide resin (MP10, M/P = 7:3) was obtained.
[0095] The melting point of the obtained polyamide resin (MP10) was 215°C.
Synthesis of Polyamide 1,3-BAC10I
[0096] In a pressure-resistant reaction vessel having an internal volume of 50 L equipped
with an agitator, a partial condenser, a total condenser, a pressure regulator, a
thermometer, a drop tank and a pump, an aspirator, a nitrogen-introducing tube, a
bottom drain valve, and a strand die, precisely weighed 7000 g (34.61 mol) of sebacic
acid (available from Itoh Oil Chemicals Co., Ltd.), 5750 g (34.61 mol) of isophthalic
acid (available from A.G. International Chemical Co., Inc.), 3.3 g (0.019 mol) of
calcium hypophosphite (available from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.), and 1.4 g (0.018
mol) of sodium acetate (available from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were placed. Then,
the inside of the reaction vessel was adequately purged with nitrogen and then sealed,
and the temperature was increased to 200°C while agitation was performed and the inside
of the vessel was maintained at 0.4 MPa. After the temperature reached 200°C, drop-wise
addition of 9847 g (69.22 mol) of 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC; isomer
molar ratio: cis/trans = 75/25) (available from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.)
stored in the drop tank to the raw materials in the reaction vessel was started, and
the temperature in the reaction vessel was raised to 295°C while keeping the pressure
in the vessel at 0.4 MPa and removing the generated condensed water out of the system.
After the completion of dropwise addition of 1,3-BAC, the pressure in the reaction
vessel was gradually returned to normal pressure, and then the aspirator was used
to reduce the pressure inside the reaction tank to 80 kPa to remove the condensed
water. Agitation torque of the agitator was observed under a reduced pressure, and
agitation was terminated when a predetermined torque was reached. Then, the inside
of the reaction tank was pressurized with nitrogen, the bottom drain valve was opened,
the polymer was extruded from the strand die to form a strand and then cooled and
pelletized by using a pelletizer, and thus a polyamide resin (1,3-BAC101) was obtained.
When the crystal melting enthalpy ΔHm (X) of the polyamide resin in the temperature
increasing process was measured in accordance with JIS K 7121, the crystal melting
enthalpy was 0 J/g, and the polyamide resin was an amorphous polyamide resin.
PA6: AMILAN CM1017, available from Toray Industries, Inc.; melting point: 225°C
PA66: AMILAN CM3001, available from Toray Industries, Inc.; melting point: 265°C
Aromatic azo compound: Disperse Blue 14, available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,
Ltd.
Anthraquinone compound: Disperse Diazo Black 3BF, available from Tokyo Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd.
Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Production of Polyamide Filament
[0097] The polyamide resin listed in Table 1 was melted by using a single screw extruder
and spun through a spinneret (the hole count is listed in Table 1) at the spinning
temperature of 290°C. After the spun polyamide filament was passed through a hot zone
and a cooling zone, the polyamide filament that was approximately at room temperature
(hereinafter, also referred to as "filament before stretching") was immersed in a
sizing agent (DELION PP-807, available from Takemoto Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.), formed
into a bundle form, and drawn by a roll 1 which was not heated and thus stretched
continuously without being wound temporarily. The filament before stretching drawn
by the roll 1 was heated by passing through a roller 2 heated at 80°C, subsequently
passed through a roller 2, a roller 3, and a roller 4, which were heated at 170°C,
and then wound by a winder. At this time, stretching was performed by providing a
speed ratio for the roller 2 and the roller 3, and the speed ratio was adjusted to
achieve a stretching ratio to 2 to 4. Furthermore, relaxation was performed by providing
a speed ratio of the roller 3 and the roller 4, and the number of rotation of the
roller 4 was slower than that of the roller 3 by 4%.
Fineness
[0098] In accordance with JIS L 1013:2010, the fineness of the filament (fineness based
on corrected mass of multifilament, single fiber fineness) was measured. The fineness
was expressed in units of dtex.
Tensile Strength
[0099] In accordance with JIS L 1013:2010, after the filament was subjected to humidity
control in an environment at 23°C and 50%RH, measurement was performed under conditions
of a distance between chucks of 50 cm and a tensile speed of 50 cm/min. Calculation
was performed by dividing the load at the time when the filament was broken by the
fineness (fineness based on corrected mass) of the filament.
[0100] Units are shown in cN/dtex.
Elongation Percentage
[0101] In accordance with JIS L 1013:2010, after the filament was subjected to humidity
control in an environment at 23°C and 50%RH, measurement was performed under conditions
of a distance between chucks of 50 cm and a tensile speed of 50 cm/min. The elongation
percentage was determined by the following equation based on a distance between chucks
at the time when the filament was broken.

[0102] Units are shown in %.
Adsorptivity
[0103] Using the filament obtained above, evaluation of adsorptivity of dye was performed
in accordance with the following method.
[0104] By using the polyamide filament, a tubular knitted fabric having a number of wales
of 30/2.54 cm and a number of courses of 30/2.54 cm was produced and immersed in an
aqueous solution in which an azo compound was dispersed (dye concentration: 0.5 mass%)
or an aqueous solution in which an anthraquinone compound was dispersed (dye concentration:
0.5 mass%), and while being immersed, heated at 130°C for 30 minutes and then cooled
to room temperature (25°C). The tubular knitted fabric was taken out from the solution,
and subsequently immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1 g/L of sodium hydroxide
(available from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 1 g/L of hydrosulfite (available
from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 1 g/L of Bisnol SK (available from Lion
Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and while being immersed, heated at 80°C for 10 minutes
and then cooled to room temperature (25°C). The tubular knitted fabric was taken out
from the solution and rinsed with water, and then water was wiped.
[0105] After the tubular knitted fabric is naturally dried, the tubular knitted fabric was
fixed on a desk, a cylindrical weight covered by white cotton fabric (cotton No. 3-1
specified in JIS L 0803:2011) was placed on the tubular knitted fabric and moved back
and forth for 100 times. Based on occurrence of color transfer to the white cotton
fabric, adsorptivity was evaluated. Five experts conducted the evaluation, and the
adsorptivity was decided by a majority vote.
- A: Color transfer to the white cotton fabric was not observed at all, or almost no
color transfer to the white cotton fabric was observed.
- B: Except those evaluated as A. For example, clear color transfer to the white cotton
fabric was observed.
Color fastness
[0106] The material was fixed on a desk, and a 1 kg cylindrical weight fully covered by
cotton No. 3-1 specified in JIS L 0803:2011 was placed on the material and moved back
and forth for 100 times. The degree of coloration on the white cotton fabric was evaluated
to which grade it falls based on a corresponding gray scale for contamination in accordance
with JIS L 0805:2011.
Tendency of Falling Out of Dye
[0107] A tubular knitted fabric produced and dyed in the same manner as for the adsorptivity
evaluation described above was fixed on a desk, and white cotton fabric cut into 5
cm square (cotton No. 3-1 specified in JIS L 0803:2011) was placed on the tubular
knitted fabric. An electric iron heated at 120 to 130°C was placed on the white cotton
fabric in a manner that the substantially center part of the bottom of the electric
iron is in contact, and left for 3 minutes, and then the tubular knitted fabric and
the white cotton fabric were taken out. Based on occurrence of color transfer to the
white cotton fabric, tendency of falling out of the dye was evaluated. Five experts
conducted the evaluation, and the tendency of falling out of the dye was decided by
a majority vote.
- A: Color transfer to the white cotton fabric was not observed at all, or almost no
color transfer was observed.
- B: Except those evaluated as A. For example, clear color transfer to the white cotton
fabric was observed.
[Table 1]
|
Example 1 |
Example 2 |
Example 3 |
Example 4 |
Example 5 |
Example 6 |
Comparative Example 1 |
Comparative Example 2 |
Resin type |
MP12 |
MXD 12 |
MP12 |
MP 12 |
MP10 |
1,3-BAC10I |
PA6 |
PA66 |
Multifilament fineness (dtex) |
233 |
236 |
459 |
78 |
233 |
166 |
235 |
235 |
Single fiber fineness (dtex) |
4.85 |
4.92 |
9.56 |
3.25 |
6.47 |
3.46 |
6.53 |
9.79 |
Number of filaments (Hole count of spinneret) |
48 |
48 |
48 |
24 |
36 |
48 |
36 |
24 |
Tensile strength (cN/dtex) |
5.1 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
5.8 |
Elongation percentage (%) |
59 |
57 |
50 |
47 |
30 |
32 |
50 |
39 |
Adsorptivity |
Aromatic azo compound |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
B |
B |
B |
Anthraquinone compound |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
B |
B |
B |
|
Color fastness |
4 |
3 to 4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
Tendency of falling out of dye |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
B |
B |
B |
[0108] As is clear from the results above, each of the filaments of embodiments of the present
invention had excellent strength and high color fastness (Examples 1 to 6). On the
other hand, each of the filaments of Comparative Examples had low color fastness (Comparative
Examples 1 and 2).