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(11) | EP 4 243 517 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
| published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC |
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| (54) | METHOD FOR DETERMINING AVAILABILITY OF FULL DUPLEX OPERATION, AND DEVICE USING METHOD |
| (57) The present specification presents a method for self-interference cancellation of
a UE, a method capable of determining an FDR operation, and a method for a transmission/reception
power level change limit request of a UE. |
TECHNICAL FIELD
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). Further, massive machine type communications (MTC) providing various services anytime anywhere by connecting many devices and objects is one of major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, there is ongoing discussion on communication system design considering a service/terminal sensitive to reliability and latency. The introduction of next-generation radio access technology considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC, ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), or the like is discussed. This technology is called new RAT or NR in the present disclosure for convenience.
[0003] Full duplex radio (FDR) overlaps uplink transmission and downlink transmission at the same time and frequency, and theoretically can achieve twice the spectral efficiency. In this respect, a lot of research has been done on FDR in the academic world, and implementation has been made accordingly. However, it has not yet been accepted in the 3GPP standard.
[0004] The biggest topic of FDR is self-interference cancellation. The most intuitive way to achieve this is to lower the power of the self-interfering signal, but, in reality, the power control is controlled by the gNB. Since it is a receiver of the UE that suffers the most damage due to self-interference in the FDR operation of the UE, there is a limit to the ability of the gNB to perform power control. In addition, a duration in which the FDR cannot operate may occur due to self-interference, and a clear criterion and method for this may be required.
DISCLOSURE
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
[0005] The present specification proposes a method for self-interference cancellation of a UE, a method capable of determining an FDR operation, and a method for requesting a limiting change in transmit/receive power level of a UE.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS
[0006] According to the present specification, a method for determining whether full-duplex operation of a UE is available is proposed. Furthermore, efficient power control is possible, and self-interference cancellation performance is improved.
[0007] Effects that can be obtained through a specific example of the present specification are not limited to the aforementioned effects. For example, there may be various technical effects that can be understood or derived by a person having ordinary skill in the related art from the present specification. Accordingly, specific effects of the present specification are not limited to those explicitly described in the present specification, and may include various effects that can be understood or derived from technical features of the present specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The following drawings were created to explain a specific example of the present specification. Since the names of specific devices described in the drawings or the names of specific signals/messages/fields are presented by way of example, the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a user plane.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane.
FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be applied in NR.
FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example for a network with integrated access and backhaul links (IAB).
FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation of the IAB system in a standalone (SA) mode and a non-standalone (NSA) mode.
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates an example of a configuration of access and backhaul links.
FIG. 11 explains links and relationships between IAB nodes.
FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an example of SB-FD and SS-FD.
FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an example in which time resource operating in half duplex (HD) and time resource operating in full duplex (FD) such as SB-FD or SS-FD coexist.
FIG. 14 is an example of an operation between a base station and a UE according to method 1-1.
FIG. 15 is an example of an operation between a base station and a UE according to method 1-2.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart of an example of a reporting method of a UE according to some implementations of the present specification.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an example of a method for scheduling a base station according to some implementations of the present specification.
FIG. 18 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the present disclosure.
FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
FIG. 20 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal.
FIG. 21 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.
FIG. 22 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure.
FIG. 23 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied.
FIG. 24 illustrates a vehicle to which this disclosure is applied.
FIG. 25 illustrates an XR instrument applicable to the present disclosure.
FIG. 26 illustrates a robot applied to the present disclosure.
FIG. 27 illustrates an AI device applied to the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] As used herein, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". That is, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and/or B" herein. For example, "A, B or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".
[0010] As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma (,) may mean "and/or". For example, "A/B" may mean "A and/or B". Therefore, "A/B" may include "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".
[0011] As used herein, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". Further, as used herein, "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and/or B" may be interpreted equally as "at least one of A and B".
[0012] As used herein, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". Further, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and/or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".
[0013] As used herein, parentheses may mean "for example". For instance, the expression "control information (PDCCH)" may mean that a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information. That is, control information is not limited to a PDCCH, but a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information. Further, the expression "control information (i.e., a PDCCH)" may also mean that a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information.
[0014] Technical features individually described within a drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented individually or may be implemented simultaneously.
[0015] FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied. The wireless communication system may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.
[0016] The E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 which provides a control plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20 is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to as another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.
[0017] The BSs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. The BSs 20 are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core (EPC) 30, more specifically, to a mobility management entity (MME) through S1-MME and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.
[0018] The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capability information of the UE, and such information is generally used for mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRAN as an end point. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an end point.
[0019] Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.
[0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a user plane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.
[0021] Referring to FIGs. 2 and 3, a PHY layer provides an upper layer with an information transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upper layer of the PHY layer through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transferred through a radio interface.
[0022] Data is moved between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver, through a physical channel. The physical channel may be modulated based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and use the time and frequency as radio resources.
[0023] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between a logical channel and a transport channel and multiplexing and demultiplexing to a transport block that is provided through a physical channel on the transport channel of a MAC Service Data Unit (SDU) that belongs to a logical channel. The MAC layer provides service to a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer through the logical channel.
[0024] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In order to guarantee various types of Quality of Service (QoS) required by a Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation mode: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).
[0025] The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer is related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers, and is responsible for control of logical channels, transport channels, and PHY channels. An RB means a logical route that is provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and a network.
[0026] The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on the user plane includes the transfer of user data and header compression and ciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on the user plane further includes the transfer and encryption/integrity protection of control plane data.
[0027] What an RB is configured means a process of defining the characteristics of a wireless protocol layer and channels in order to provide specific service and configuring each detailed parameter and operating method. An RB can be divided into two types of a Signaling RB (SRB) and a Data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through which an RRC message is transmitted on the control plane, and the DRB is used as a passage through which user data is transmitted on the user plane.
[0028] If RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and the RRC layer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. If not, the UE is in the RRC idle state.
[0029] A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from a network to UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) through which system information is transmitted and a downlink shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control messages are transmitted. Traffic or a control message for downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through an additional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a network includes a random access channel (RACH) through which an initial control message is transmitted and an uplink shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control messages are transmitted.
[0030] Logical channels that are placed over the transport channel and that are mapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
[0031] The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in the time domain and several subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resources allocation unit, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is a unit time for transmission, e.g., a subframe or a slot.
[0033] As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication over existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine type communications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting many devices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in the next generation communication. In addition, communication system design considering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed. The introduction of next generation radio access technology considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. This new technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR) in the present disclosure for convenience.
[0034] FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.
[0035] Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G new radio access technology (NR) system. An entity used in the 5G NR system (hereinafter, simply referred to as "NR") may absorb some or all functions of the entity (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW) introduced in FIG. 1 (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR system may be identified in the name of "NG" to distinguish it from LTE.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 4, a wireless communication system includes one or more UEs 11, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), and a 5th generation core network (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. The NG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the BS 20 of FIG. 1. The NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 21 and/or at least one ng-eNB 22. The gNB 21 provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 11. The Ng-eNB 22 provides an E-UTRA user plane and a control plane protocol termination towards the UE 11.
[0037] The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF), and a session management function (SMF). The AMF hosts functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idle state mobility processing, and so on. The AMF is an entity including the conventional MMF function. The UPF hosts functions, such as mobility anchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) processing, and so on. The UPF is an entity including the conventional S-GW function. The SMF hosts functions, such as UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, PDU session control, and so on.
[0038] The gNB and the ng-eNB are interconnected through an Xn interface. The gNB and the ng-eNB are also connected to the 5GC through an NG interface. More specifically, the gNB and the ng-eNB are connected to the AMF through an NG-C interface, and are connected to the UPF through an NG-U interface.
[0040] Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB may provide functions such as an inter-cell radio resource management (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration & provision, dynamic resource allocation, and the like. The AMF may provide functions such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, and so on. The UPF may provide functions such as mobility anchoring, PDU processing, and the like. The SMF may provide functions such as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, and so on.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 6, a frame may be composed of 10 milliseconds (ms) and include 10 subframes each composed of 1 ms.
[0043] In the NR, uplink and downlink transmissions may be configured on a frame basis. A radio frame has a length of 10ms, and may be defined as two 5ms half-frames (HFs). The HF may be defined as five 1ms sub-frames (SFs). The SF is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in the SF depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Herein, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-S-OFDM symbol).
[0045] The following table 1 illustrates a subcarrier spacing configuration µ.
Table 1
| µ | Δf = 2µ·15[kHz] | Cyclic prefix |
| 0 | 15 | Normal |
| 1 | 30 | Normal |
| 2 | 60 | Normal |
| Extended | ||
| 3 | 120 | Normal |
| 4 | 240 | Normal |
[0046] The following table 2 illustrates the number of slots in a frame (Nframe,µslot), the number of slots in a subframe (Nsubframe,µslot), the number of symbols in a slot (Nslotsymb), and the like, according to subcarrier spacing configurations µ.
[Table 2]
| µ | |||
| 0 | 14 | 10 | 1 |
| 1 | 14 | 20 | 2 |
| 2 | 14 | 40 | 4 |
| 3 | 14 | 80 | 8 |
| 4 | 14 | 160 | 16 |
[0047] Table 3 below illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS, in case of using an extended CP.
[Table 3]
| SCS(15∗2^ µ ) | Nslotsymb | Nframe,uslot | Nsubframe,uslot |
| 60KHz ( µ =2) | 12 | 40 | 4 |
[0048] NR supports multiple numbers (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15kHz, a wide region in the legacy cellular band is supported; and when the SCS is 30kHz/60kHz, dense urban areas, low time delay and wide carrier bandwidth are supported; and when the SCS is 60kHz or more, a bandwidth of more than 24.25GHz is supported in order to overcome phase noise.
[0049] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). A numerical value of the frequency range may be changed and, for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 4 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may refer to "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may refer to "above 6GHz range" and may be called millimeter wave (mmW).
[Table 4]
| Frequency Range designation | Corresponding frequency range | Subcarrier Spacing |
| FR1 | 450MHz-6000MHz | 15, 30, 60kHz |
| FR2 | 24250MHz-52600MHz | 60, 120, 240kHz |
[0050] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 5 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for a vehicle (e.g., autonomous driving).
[Table 5]
| Frequency Range designation | Corresponding frequency range | Subcarrier Spacing |
| FR1 | 410MHz-7125MHz | 15, 30, 60kHz |
| FR2 | 24250MHz-52600MHz | 60, 120, 240kHz |
[0051] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells integrated to one UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (for convenience, collectively referred to as a time unit (TU)) configured of the same number of symbols may be differently configured between the integrated cells.
[0053] Referring to FIG. 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in case of the normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols. However, in case of the extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.
[0054] A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). The carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) within a resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped thereto.
[0055] A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or more control channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in the following table 6.
[Table 6]
| Aggregation level | Number of CCEs |
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 4 | 4 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 16 | 16 |
[0056] That is, the PDCCH may be transmitted through a resource including 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE includes six resource element groups (REGs), and one REG includes one resource block in a frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a time domain.
[0057] A new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) may be introduced in the NR. The UE may receive a PDCCH in the CORESET.
[0058] Hereinafter, an integrated access and backhaul link (IAB) will be described. Meanwhile, hereinafter, for convenience of description, a proposed method will be described based on a new RAT (NR) system. However, the range of the system to which the proposed method is applied is expandable to other systems such as 3GPP LTE/LTE-A systems in addition to the NR system.
[0059] One potential technology aimed at enabling future cellular network deployment scenarios and applications is support for wireless backhaul and relay links. This enables flexible and highly dense deployment of NR cells without the need to proportionally densify the transport network.
[0060] It is expected that greater bandwidth in NR compared to LTE with the native deployment of massive MIMO or multi-beam systems will be available. Thus (e.g., mmWave spectrum) creates opportunities for the development and deployment of integrated access and backhaul links. This makes it easier for a deployment of a dense network of self-backhauled NR cells in a more integrated manner by establishing multiple control and data channels/procedures defined to provide access or access to the terminals. Such systems are referred to as integrated access and backhaul links (IAB).
[0061] The following terms may be used in the present disclosure.
- AC (x): an access link between the node (x) and the UE(s).
- BH (xy): a backhaul link between the node (x) and the node (y).
[0062] In this case, the node may mean a donor gNB (DgNB) or a relay node (RN). Here, the DgNB or the donor node may be a gNB that provides a function to support backhaul to IAB nodes.
[0063] In addition, in the present disclosure, for convenience of explanation, when relay node 1 and relay node 2 exist, relay node 1 which is connected to relay node 2 by a backhaul link and relaying data transmitted and received to relay node 2 is called a parent node of relay node 2, and relay node 2 is called a child node of relay node 1.
[0064] The following drawings were created to explain a specific example of the present specification. Since the names of specific devices described in the drawings or the names of specific signals/messages/fields are presented by way of example, the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.
[0065] FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example for a network with integrated access and backhaul links (IAB).
[0066] According to FIG. 8, relay nodes (rTRPs) may multiplex access and backhaul links in the time, frequency, or space domain (i.e., beam-based operation).
[0067] The operation of different links may operate on the same frequency or on different frequencies (which may also be referred to as 'in-band' or 'out-band' relays, respectively). Although efficient support of out-of-band relays is important for some NR deployment scenarios, it is very important to understand the requirements of in-band operation, which implies tight interworking with access links operating on the same frequency to accommodate duplex restrictions and avoid/mitigate interference.
[0068] Furthermore, operating an NR system in the millimeter wave spectrum have some unique challenges. It involves experiencing severe short-term blocking that cannot be easily mitigated by the current RRC-based handover mechanism due to the larger time scale required for completion of the procedure compared to short blocking. Overcoming short blocking in mmWave systems may require a fast RAN-based mechanism for switching between rTRPs that does not necessarily require the inclusion of a core network. The aforementioned need for mitigation of short blocking for NR operation in the millimeter wave spectrum, along with the need for easier deployment of self-backhauled NR cells, creates a need for the development of an integrated framework that allows for fast switching of access and backhaul links. Over-the-air (OTA) coordination between rTRPs may also be considered to mitigate interference and support end-to-end path selection and optimization.
[0069] The following requirements and aspects shall be addressed by the IAB for NR:
- Efficient and flexible operation for in-band and out-of-band relaying in indoor and outdoor scenarios
- Multi-hop and redundant connections
- End-to-end path selection and optimization
- Support of backhaul links with high spectral efficiency
- Support of legacy NR UEs
[0070] Legacy NR is designed to support half-duplex devices. As such, half-duplex may be supported and worthy of being targeted in an IAB scenario. Furthermore, IAB devices having a full duplex may also be considered.
[0071] FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation of the IAB system in a standalone (SA) mode and a non-standalone (NSA) mode. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation of the UE and IAB node considering NGC in SA mode, (b) of FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation of the IAB node considering NGC in SA mode and the UE considering EPC in NSA mode, (c) of FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation of the UE and IAB node considering EPC in the NSA mode.
[0072] The IAB node may operate in SA mode or NSA mode. When operating in NSA mode, the IAB node uses only the NR link for backhauling. A UE connected to the IAB node may select an operation mode different from that of the IAB node. The UE may further connect to a different type of core network than the connected IAB node. In this case, (e) DECOR ((enhanced) dedicated core network) or slicing may be used for CN selection. An IAB node operating in NSA mode may be connected to the same or different eNB(s). UEs operating in the NSA mode may be connected to the same or different eNB from the IAB node to which they are connected. FIG. 9 shows an example in consideration of NGC in SA mode and an example in consideration of EPC in NSA mode.
[0073] In the IAB scenario, if each relay node (RN) does not have the scheduling capability, the donor gNB (DgNB) shall schedule the entire links between the DgNB, related relay nodes and UEs. In other words, the DgNB should make a scheduling decision for all links by collecting traffic information from all related relay nodes, and then inform each relay node of the scheduling information.
[0074] On the other hand, distributed scheduling can be performed when each relay node has a scheduling capability. Then, immediate scheduling of the uplink scheduling request of the UE is possible, and the backhaul/access link can be used more flexibly by reflecting the surrounding traffic conditions.
[0075] FIG. 10 schematically illustrates an example of a configuration of access and backhaul links.
[0076] FIG. 10 shows an example in which a backhaul link and an access link are configured when a DgNB and an IAB relay node (RN) are present. RN(b) and RN(e) are connecting the backhaul link, RN(c) is connecting the backhaul link to RN(b), and RN(d) is connecting the backhaul link to RN(c).
[0077] According to FIG. 10, the DgNB not only receives a scheduling request from the UE 1, but also receives scheduling requests from the UE 2 and UE 3. Then, the DgNB makes a scheduling decision of the two backhaul links and the three access links, and informs the scheduling results. Therefore, such centralized scheduling involves scheduling delays and causes latency problems.
[0078] On the other hand, distributed scheduling can be performed if each relay node has scheduling capability. Then, immediate scheduling for the uplink scheduling request of the UE can be performed, and the backhaul/access links can be used more flexibly by reflecting the surrounding traffic situation.
[0080] Referring to FIG. 11, IAB node 1 is connected to IAB node 2 through a backhaul link A. For the backhaul link A, the IAB node 1 is the parent node of the IAB node 2, and the IAB node 2 is a child node of the IAB node 1. In addition, the IAB node 2 is connected to the IAB node 3 through a backhaul link B, and the IAB node 2 is a parent node of the IAB node 3 and the IAB node 3 is a child node of the IAB node 2 for the backhaul link B.
[0081] Here, each of the IAB nodes may perform two functions. One is Mobile Termination (MT), which maintains a wireless backhaul connection to an upper IAB node or donor node. And, the other is a DU (distributed unit), which provides access connection with UEs or connection with the MT of a lower IAB node.
[0082] For example, from the point of view of the IAB node 2, the DU of IAB node 2 is functionally connected to the MT of IAB node 3 on the backhaul link B, and at the same time, the MT of IAB node 2 is functionally connected to the DU of IAB node 1 on the backhaul link A. Here, the child link of the DU of IAB node 2 may mean the backhaul link B between the IAB node 2 and IAB node 3. Also, here, the parent link of the MT of the IAB node 2 may mean the backhaul link A between the IAB node 2 and the IAB node 1.
[0083] Meanwhile, from the perspective of the IAB node MT (or simply MT), the following time domain resources may be indicated for the parent link.
Downlink (DL) time resource
Uplink (UL) time resource
Flexible (F) time resource
[0084] From the point of view of the IAB node DU (or simply DU), a child link has the following time resource types.
Downlink (DL) time resource
Uplink (UL) time resource
Flexible (F) time resource
Not-available (NA) time resources (resources not used for communication on the DU child link)
[0085] Meanwhile, each of the downlink time resource, uplink time resource, and flexible time resource of the DU child link may belong to one of the following two categories.
[0086] Hard resource: this is always available time resource for DU child link
- Soft resource: this is a resource in which the availability of the time resource for the DU child link is explicitly or implicitly controlled by the parent node
[0087] From the perspective of the IAB node DU, there are four types of time resources: DL, UL, F, and NA for a child link. NA time resource refers to a resource not used for communication on a DU child link.
[0088] Each of the DL, UL, and F time resources of the DU child link may be a hard resource or a soft resource. The hard resource may mean resource(s) that are always available for communication on a DU child link. However, the soft resource may be resource(s) whose availability for communication on the DU child link is explicitly and/or implicitly controlled by the parent node.
[0089] In the present specification, the configuration for link direction and link availability of time resources for a DU child link may be referred to as DU configuration. The DU configuration can be used for effective multiplexing and interference handling between IAB nodes. For example, the DU configuration may be used to indicate which link is a valid link with respect to time resources between a parent link and a child link. In addition, only a subset of child nodes may be used for interference coordination between child nodes by configuring time resources to be used for DU operations. Considering this aspect, the DU configuration can be more effective when configured semi-statically.
[0090] Meanwhile, similar to slot format indication (SFI) configuration for an access link, an IAB node MT may have three types of time resources, DL, UL, and F, for its parent link.
[0091] Meanwhile, the foregoing is only an arbitrary classification, resource types from the viewpoint of the IAB node DU are the UL, the DL, and the F, and configurations for availability may be classified into the NA, the hard resource, and the soft resource, respectively. Specifically, the IAB node may receive resource configuration information, where the resource configuration information may include link direction information and availability information. Here, the link direction information may inform whether the type of a specific resource is the UL, the DL, or the F, and the availability information may inform whether a specific resource is the hard resource or the soft resource. Alternatively, the link direction information may inform whether the type of a specific resource is the UL, the DL, the F, or the NA, and the availability information may inform whether a specific resource is the hard resource or the soft resource.
[0093] In 5G, new service types such as extended reality (XR), AI based service, and self-driving car are emerging. These services have characteristics in that traffic dynamically changes in both DL and UL directions and low latency is required for packet transmission. In 5G service, the traffic load will increase explosively to support these various new use cases.
[0094] On the other hand, the existing semi-static or dynamic TDD UL/DL configuration has limitations such as transmission time delay and interference between operators. Existing FDD schemes have limitations in terms of efficient frequency resource utilization for DL/UL directions.
[0095] Therefore, introduction of a full duplex operation in a single carrier is being discussed for low latency and efficient resource utilization in NR.
[0097] As examples of a method of applying full duplex in an intra-carrier, subband-wise full duplex (SB-FD) and spectrum-sharing full duplex (SS-FD) may be considered as shown in FIG. 12. In the case of SB-FD, transmission and reception of DL and UL are performed using different frequency resources in the same carrier. That is, DL and UL have different frequency resources for the same time resource. In the case of SS-FD, transmission and reception of DL and UL are performed through the same frequency resource or overlapped frequency resources in the same carrier. That is, DL and UL may have the same or overlapping frequency resources for the same time resource.
[0098] This full-duplex operation may be used in combination with a conventional half-duplex operation. In the conventional half-duplex-based TDD operation, only some time resources can be used for full-duplex operation. An SB-FD or SS-FD operation may be performed on a time resource for performing a full duplex operation.
[0099] FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an example in which a time resource operating in half duplex (HD) and a time resource operating in full duplex (FD) such as SB-FD or SS-FD coexist.
[0100] In a sub-figure (a) of FIG. 13, some/partial time resources operate in SB-FD and the remaining time resources operate in HD. In a sub-figure (b) of FIG. 13, some/partial time resources operate in SS-FD and the remaining time resources operate in HD. In this case, the unit of time resource may be, for example, a slot or a symbol.
[0101] In time resources operating based on SB-FD, some/partial frequency resources are used as DL resources and some/partial frequency resources are used as UL resources. Between DL and UL frequency resources, there may be a guard sub-band (or guard frequency resource or guard subcarrier(s)) that is not used in both DL and UL and becomes empty. In time resources operating based on SF-FD, all frequency resources can be used for both DL and UL. Alternatively, some frequency resources at one end or both ends of the carrier may not be used for DL and/or (and/or) UL to reduce the effect of interference (i.e., adjacent carrier interference (ACI)) from other adjacent carriers. That is, one end or both ends of the carrier may be used as a guard band that is not used for both DL and UL. Alternatively, to reduce ACI affecting UL reception, one end or both ends of the carrier may be used only for DL transmission.
[0102] In the present specification, a frequency resource operating in DL among all frequency resources in time resources operating in FD is referred to as a DL sub-band, and a frequency resource operating in UL is also referred to as a UL sub-band.
[0103] In the case of the full duplex operation as described above, the full duplex operation can be performed from both the gNB point of view and the UE point of view. That is, both the gNB and the UE can simultaneously perform transmission and reception of DL and UL using the same or different frequency resources in the same time resource. On the other hand, only the gNB performs full-duplex operation, and the UE can perform half-duplex operation. The gNB may simultaneously transmit/receive DL and UL using the same or different frequency resources in the same time resource, but the UE performs only DL reception or UL transmission in a specific time resource. In this case, the gNB performs full duplex operation by performing DL transmission and UL reception with different UEs at the same time.
[0105] The following drawings are made to explain a specific example of the present specification. Since the names of specific devices or names of specific signals/messages/fields described in the drawings are provided as examples, the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings below. In addition, the methods/configurations proposed in the present specification may be combined in various ways.
[0106] Hereinafter, a method for determining the FDR mode is proposed. In the present specification, a UE/terminal in FDR mode or a UE/terminal operating in FDR mode may mean a UE/terminal that simultaneously performs uplink transmission and downlink reception. Also, a UE/terminal in a half-duplex (HD) mode or a UE/terminal operating in the HD mode may refer to a UE/terminal performing one of uplink transmission and downlink reception.
[0107] In the present specification, a UE and/or a terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with an MT (IAB-MT) of an IAB node, and gNB may be interpreted as being replaced with a DU (IAB-DU) of an IAB node. The UE may determine whether the FDR mode operation is available/possible based on one or a plurality of the following methods. When the UE is currently performing transmission and reception in the half duplex (HD) mode, if the UE determines that FDR mode operation is available/possible through a method described later, the UE may explicitly/implicitly indicate to the base station that the operation of the FDR mode is available/possible. Or, conversely, if the UE determines that the FDR mode operation is unavailable/impossible regardless of whether the current UE performs the FDR mode operation or the HD mode operation, the UE may explicitly/implicitly indicate the base station about this.
[0108] The UE may report related to whether it is a UE capable of operating in the FD mode based on a UE capability in an initial access step. When the base station indicates the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, the UE may determine whether or not it can operate in the full-duplex and/or half-duplex in a UE-specific manner, and report the determination result to the base station. An indication of whether the FDR mode operation of the UE is available/possible may be transmitted through RACH or PUCCH.
[0109] The UE may generate and report the following parameters based on a prior agreement/negotiation for determination of the FDR mode and power control at that time. First, the UE can report a margin of its transmit power. Here, the margin of the transmit power margin may be: a value obtained by subtracting the average of the actual transmit power within a pre-agreed specific time window from the configured maximum output power; or a value obtained by subtracting an average of actual transmit powers for times indicated by the gNB from a configured maximum output power.
[0110] Second, the UE can report a margin of its received power. For smooth self-interference cancellation, the UE may consider a ratio of expected self-interference power to the received power or delta, which is a differential value. The delta may be a value determined by the UE based on implementation, or may be a pre-defined value classified based on a class or the like. When the delta is determined based on the ratio, the UE can report its maximum acceptable self-interference level by multiplying it to the received signal. Further, when the delta is determined based on the difference value, the UE may report its maximum acceptable self-interference level by adding it to the received power.
[0111] Thirdly, the UE can report the ratio of self-interference to the signal received from the base station. For a UE performing FDR, the ratio may be a ratio of actual self-interference power and signal power received from the base station. In addition, for a UE not currently performing FDR, the ratio may be a ratio of expected self-interference power and signal power received from the base station.
[0112] As described above, the base station may determine availability of full-duplex operation of the UE/terminal based on some or all of the reports transmitted by the UE/terminal. Here, the base station may explicitly inform the UE/terminal of the determination result, or may perform full-duplex based scheduling or half-duplex based scheduling to the UE/terminal without a separate indication.
[0113] The base station may instruct the UE to calculate the above-described three parameters for a specific time interval through DCI/MAC-CE/RRC, and the like. The UE may calculate the parameters and report them to the base station periodically/aperiodically. Alternatively, using a configured grant method, the UE may calculate the parameters in advance and then report the parameters in response to the grant. Alternatively, reporting of the parameters may be performed simultaneously with reporting of a power headroom report (PHR). At this time, the PHR report and the reporting of the parameters may be performed together only for a UE having an FDR capability (e.g., a UE capable of operating in the FD mode) rather than for all UEs. That is, a UE with FDR capability may report some or all of the above parameters together when the gNB instructs the PHR reporting. Therefore, the base station can easily determine the availability/possibility of the FDR mode-based operation of the corresponding UE through the report.
[0114] In addition, the UE/terminal can self-determine the availability of its own full-duplex operation. Here, the availability may be availability for a specific time interval. Examples of methods for the determination are as follows.
[0115] (Method 1-1) If the transmit power level (dBm) and the received power level (i.e., reference signal received power (RSRP), etc.) of the base station are above a certain value based on a specific threshold (agreed in advance), the UE may determine and report that the FDR operation is unavailable. That is, the UE may report the FDR capability based on path loss or distance. This series of processes may proceed based on a beam-specific level of the UE. For example, the RSRP may be a transmission and reception point (TRP) or beam level L1-RSRP. Here, when the L1-RSRP value of a specific beam is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may determine and report that the FDR mode operation is available/possible. The report may be transmitted through a beam-specific RACH or PUCCH or the like. In this case, the gNB may indicate an FD operation for a beam whose RSRP exceeds the threshold, and an HD operation for a beam that does not.
[0116] FIG. 14 is an example of an operation between a base station and a UE based on the method 1-1.
[0117] The base station (gNB) may transmit a first reference signal through a first beam (S1410) and transmit a second reference signal through a second beam (S1420). The UE may measure RSRP for each beam and determine whether FDR is available/possible in each beam based on the measured RSRP value (S1430). For example, when the L1-RSRP value measured in a specific beam is equal to or greater than a predetermined or signaled threshold, the UE may determine that FDR (e.g., FD-based operation) is available/possible in the specific beam.
[0118] The UE reports the beam (e.g., the first beam) for which FDR is determined to be available/possible to the base station (S1440), and the base station may instruct the UE to perform the FD operation on the reported first beam (S1450). Although not shown in FIG. 14, the base station may instruct the UE to perform a half-duplex (HD) operation on the second beam.
[0119] (Method 1-2) Since the gNB knows its transmit power level, the gNB may determine that the UE is capable of FDR when the UE is determined to be located at a predetermined distance or more based on the RSRP reported by the UE or its location, and the gNB may determine that the UE is capable of FDR when the reported RSRP is less than or equal to a specific value. Alternatively, the base station may determine that the UE is capable of FDR based on the PHR reported by the UE, the margin of transmit power, the margin of received power, and the ratio between self-interference and the signal received from the base station. The base station may determine the FDR using one or a plurality of four parameters. When determining the FDR based on a plurality of parameters, the base station may determine by giving a weight to each parameter or determine the parameters in order by prioritizing them.
[0120] FIG. 15 is an example of an operation between a base station and a UE based on the method 1-2.
[0121] The base station (gNB) transmits a reference signal (S1510). The UE may generate a measurement value and/or parameter for FDR determination (S1520). For example, the UE may measure the RSRP using the reference signal, and generate at least one of parameters such as: i) a margin of transmit power; ii) a margin of received power; and/or iii) a ratio of self-interference and a signal received from a base station.
[0122] The UE reports a measurement value and/or parameter for determining FDR to the base station (S1530), and the base station can determine whether or not the UE is capable of FDR based on the measured value and/or parameter (S1540). If it is determined that the UE can operate as an FD, the base station may instruct the UE to operate as the FD (S1550).
[0123] (Method 1-3) Whether or not the FDR mode is available can be determined based on both the availability of the FDR mode determined by the UE in Method 1-1 and the availability of the FDR mode determined by the gNB in Method 1-2. For example, only when it is determined that both the UE and the gNB are capable of FDR, the UE or the base station determines that the corresponding UE is capable of the FDR mode, or if either the UE or the gNB determines that the FDR mode is available/possible, the UE or the base station may determine that the corresponding UE is capable of FDR.
[0124] Meanwhile, the measurement of self-interference for the UE may be performed through various methods depending on the implementation. For example, since the UE knows the sequence of the transmission signal transmitted to the base station, the UE can measure self-interference based on the sequence of the transmission signal when measuring the noise of the received signal. In addition, in relation to the methods 1-1 to 1-3, the UE may transmit the determination result to the base station. In this case, the determination result may be included in UE capability information. In addition, the determination result may be periodically/aperiodically transmitted to the base station.
[0126] Power control of the FDR described later may be performed for the purpose of self-interference suppression. Uplink power control for this purpose may be performed based on a UE request. Hereinafter, operations of the UE for power control for the FDR operation on the UE side and power control for the FDR operation on the gNB side will be sequentially described.
[0127] First, request-based uplink power control (transmit power reduction request) of the UE is described.
[0128] Due to problems such as automatic gain control (AGC) when the difference between the signal strength of the gNB received by the UE and the power level of self-interference generated from the transmission signal of the UE is large, it may be difficult to cancel the UE's self-interference problem. Namely, it may occur when a received power imbalance exists. This may occur because the transmit power level of the gNB is higher than that of the UE, or conversely, the distance from the gNB is long and the locations of the transmitter and receiver of the UE are close. To solve this problem, a method of reducing the transmit power of the UE or increasing/boost the transmit power of the gNB may be considered. In an intuitive way, the UE can implicitly/explicitly request to boost the transmit power of the current gNB. A method described below may be considered as a method of reducing transmit power of the UE. That is, the following methods may be considered as uplink power control methods based on the request of the UE.
[0129] (Method 2-1) When the PHR is less than or equal to a pre-agreed predetermined threshold, that is, when the UE is instructed to transmit power close to the configured maximum output power, the UE may request the gNB to reduce the transmit power of the UE. This request may be performed based on a beam of the UE. That is, the request may be performed in association with beam information transmitted by the UE. Alternatively, as the request, a beam change request may be performed instead of a power reduction request.
[0130] On the other hand, the above-mentioned specific threshold value agreed in advance may be determined based on the capability of the UE.
[0131] (Method 2-2) Based on reception performance such as RSRP or block error rate (BLER) received by the gNB for a signal transmitted by the UE, the gNB may determine that the transmit power of the UE can be reduced. Based on the determination, the base station may request a decrease in transmit power of the UE. Similarly, the request may be performed on a beam basis.
[0132] Hereinafter, request-based uplink power control (transmit power boost request) of the UE is described.
[0133] For example, the UE may request to boost its transmit power in one or more of the following methods.
[0134] (Method 3-1) If the PHR is greater than or equal to a pre-agreed specific threshold, that is, if the UE is instructed to transmit power less than or equal to a specific value than the configured maximum output power, the UE may request a boost of the transmit power of the UE from the gNB. This request may be performed on a beam basis of the UE. That is, the request may be performed in association with beam information transmitted by the UE. Alternatively, as the request, a beam change request may be performed instead of a power reduction request.
[0135] (Method 3-2) Based on reception performance such as RSRP or BLER received by the gNB for a signal transmitted by the UE, the gNB may determine that transmit power can be reduced. Based on the determination, the UE may request a boost in transmit power of the UE. Similarly, the request may be performed on a beam basis.
[0137] Contrary to the foregoing, power control may be performed for the purpose of self-interference suppression from the standpoint of the gNB. The operation of the UE for this may consider the following options.
[0139] The gNB may reduce transmit power based on performance of channel state information (CSI), RSRP, ACK the UE, etc. of or the UE's implementation. That is, since the transmit power can be reduced for self-interference reduction based on the FDR operation of the gNB, the UE may periodically/non-periodically implicitly/explicitly request not to reduce the transmit power for the currently received signal.
[0141] The gNB may instruct to boost/reduce the transmit power of the UE for its own self-interference reduction. However, in this case, if the UE is performing FDR, the self-interference level may change, resulting in deterioration of the overall reception performance. Therefore, if the UE expects the gNB to perform such an operation and the PHR is above/below a certain threshold or if the gNB can be expected to instruct the UE to change the transmit power based on a pre-agreed rule, the gNB may be requested not to change the transmit power for FDR of the UE.
[0142] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of an example of a reporting method of a UE based on some implementations of the present specification.
[0143] Referring to FIG. 16, the UE measures the received power of the received signal received from the base station and the transmit power of the transmitted signal transmitted to the base station (S1610). Here, the transmit power may be same as a target transmit power of the UE configured by the base station. In this case, when the UE measures the transmit power, the UE may use the target transmit power value.
[0144] The UE transmits report information to the base station based on the transmit power and the received power (S1620). Here, the UE may determine availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE based on the received power and the transmit power. For example, if the received power is greater than the threshold for reception and the transmit power is greater than the threshold for transmission, the UE may determine the availability of full-duplex operation of the UE as unavailable/impossible. Alternatively, if the received power is greater than the threshold for reception or the transmit power is greater than the threshold for transmission, the UE may determine that availability of full-duplex operation of the UE as unavailable/impossible. Also, the report information may include information related to the availability.
[0145] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an example of a method for scheduling a base station based on some implementations of the present specification.
[0146] Referring to FIG. 17, the base station receives report information from the UE (S1710). Here, the report information may include information related to availability of full-duplex operation of the UE.
[0147] The base station performs scheduling for the UE based on the report information (S1720). For example, if the information related to availability indicates that full-duplex operation of the UE is available/possible, the scheduling may be performed based on the full-duplex. Also, if the information on the availability indicates that the full-duplex operation of the UE is unavailable, the scheduling may be performed based on the half-duplex.
[0148] The methods proposed in the present specification may be performed by at least one computer readable medium (CRM) including instructions based on being executed by at least one processor and an apparatus/device configured for controlling the UE/IAB node and for including at least one memory storing instructions and at least processor coupling the at least one memory in addition to the terminal/IAB node, wherein the CRM, wherein the at least one processor is configured for performing the methods proposed herein. In addition, based on the methods proposed in the present specification, it is obvious that an operation by a base station/parent IAB node corresponding to an operation performed by a terminal/IAB node can be considered.
[0149] Hereinafter, an example of a communication system to which the present disclosure is applied will be described.
[0150] Although not limited to this, various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.
[0151] Hereinafter, it will be exemplified in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.
[0152] FIG. 18 shows a communication system (1), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0153] Referring to FIG. 18, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wireless devices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot (100a), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), an extended Reality (XR) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an Internet of Things (IoT) device (100f), and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server (400). For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and so on. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.
[0154] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may include a narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. In this case, for example, the NB-IoT technology may be an example of a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology. In addition, it may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described name. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of an LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described name. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) in consideration of low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described name. For example, the ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.
[0155] The wireless devices (100a∼100f) may be connected to the network (300) via the BSs (200). An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a∼100f) and the wireless devices (100a∼100f) may be connected to the AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices (100a∼100f) may communicate with each other through the BSs (200)/network (300), the wireless devices (100a∼100f) may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a∼100f).
[0156] Wireless communication/connections (150a, 150b, 150c) may be established between the wireless devices (100a∼100f)/BS (200), or BS (200)/BS (200). Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections (150a, 150b). For example, the wireless communication/connections (150a, 150b) may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.
[0158] Referring to FIG. 19, a first wireless device (100) and a second wireless device (200) may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the BS (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 18.
[0159] The first wireless device (100) may include one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104) and additionally further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor(s) (102) may control the memory(s) (104) and/or the transceiver(s) (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) (102) may process information within the memory(s) (104) to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) (106). The processor(s) (102) may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) (104). The memory(s) (104) may be connected to the processor(s) (102) and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) (102). For example, the memory(s) (104) may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) (102) and the memory(s) (104) may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) (106) may be connected to the processor(s) (102) and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas (108). Each of the transceiver(s) (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) (106) may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
[0160] The second wireless device (200) may include one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204) and additionally further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor(s) (202) may control the memory(s) (204) and/or the transceiver(s) (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) (202) may process information within the memory(s) (204) to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) (206). The processor(s) (202) may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) (106) and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) (204). The memory(s) (204) may be connected to the processor(s) (202) and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) (202). For example, the memory(s) (204) may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) (202) and the memory(s) (204) may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) (206) may be connected to the processor(s) (202) and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas (208). Each of the transceiver(s) (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) (206) may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
[0161] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices (100, 200) will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors (102, 202). For example, the one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers (106, 206). The one or more processors (102, 202) may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
[0162] The one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in the one or more memories (104, 204) so as to be driven by the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.
[0163] The one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors (102, 202). The one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.
[0164] The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors (102, 202) may perform control so that the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors (102, 202) may perform control so that the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to the one or more antennas (108, 208) and the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received radio signals/channels, and so on, from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, and so on, using the one or more processors (102, 202). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, and so on, processed using the one or more processors (102, 202) from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
[0165] FIG. 20 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0166] Referring to FIG. 20, a signal processing circuit (1000) may include scramblers (1010), modulators (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), resource mappers (1050), and signal generators (1060). An operation/function of FIG. 20 may be performed, without being limited to, the processors (102, 202) and/or the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 19. Hardware elements of FIG. 20 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) and/or the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 19. For example, blocks 1010∼1060 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 19. Alternatively, the blocks 1010∼1050 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 19 and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 19.
[0167] Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 20. Herein, the codewords are encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).
[0168] Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers (1010). Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators (1020). A modulation scheme may include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper (1030). Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder (1040). Outputs z of the precoder (1040) may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N∗M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder (1040) may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder (1040) may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.
[0169] The resource mappers (1050) may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators (1060) may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators (1060) may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.
[0170] Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures (1010∼1060) of FIG. 20. For example, the wireless devices (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 19) may receive radio signals from the exterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlink converters, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), CP remover, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders.
[0171] FIG. 21 shows another example of a wireless device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to FIG. 18).
[0172] Referring to FIG. 21, wireless devices (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless devices (100, 200) of FIG. 19 and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional components (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include the one or more processors (102, 202) and/or the one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 19. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include the one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or the one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 19. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory (130), and the additional components (140) and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit (120) may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) may transmit the information stored in the memory unit (130) to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110) through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit (130), information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110).
[0173] The additional components (140) may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 18), the vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2 of FIG. 18), the XR device (100c of FIG. 18), the hand-held device (100d of FIG. 18), the home appliance (100e of FIG. 18), the IoT device (100f of FIG. 18), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG. 18), the BSs (200 of FIG. 18), a network node, and so on. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service.
[0174] In FIG. 21, the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices (100, 200) may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit (110). For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected by wire and the control unit (120) and first units (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit (110). Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit (120) may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory (130) may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.
[0175] Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 21 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0176] FIG. 22 shows a hand-held device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).
[0177] Referring to FIG. 22, a hand-held device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an I/O unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110∼130/140a∼140c correspond to the blocks 110∼130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.
[0178] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device (100). The control unit (120) may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device (100). The memory unit (130) may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit (140a) may supply power to the hand-held device (100) and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and so on. The interface unit (140b) may support connection of the hand-held device (100) to other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit (140c) may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
[0179] As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit (140c) may obtain information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the obtained information/signals may be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit (110) may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit (130) and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit (140c).
[0180] FIG. 23 shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned Aerial Vehicle (AV), a ship, and so on.
[0181] Referring to FIG. 23, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). The blocks 110/130/140a∼140d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.
[0182] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (140a) may cause the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) to drive on a road. The driving unit (140a) may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and so on. The power supply unit (140b) may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and so on. The sensor unit (140c) may obtain a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, and so on. The sensor unit (140c) may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, and so on. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.
[0183] For example, the communication unit (110) may receive map data, traffic information data, and so on, from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit (120) may control the driving unit (140a) such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) may aperiodically/periodically obtain recent traffic information data from the external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit (110) may transfer information on a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, and so on, based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles.
[0184] FIG. 24 shows a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle may be implemented as a transport means, an aerial vehicle, a ship, and so on.
[0185] Referring to FIG. 24, a vehicle (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an I/O unit (140a), and a positioning unit (140b). Herein, the blocks 110-130/140a∼140b correspond to blocks 110∼130/140 of FIG. 21.
[0186] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles or BSs. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the vehicle (100). The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functions of the vehicle (100). The I/O unit (140a) may output an AR/VR object based on information within the memory unit (130). The I/O unit (140a) may include an HUD. The positioning unit (140b) may obtain information on the position of the vehicle (100). The position information may include information on an absolute position of the vehicle (100), information on the position of the vehicle (100) within a traveling lane, acceleration information, and information on the position of the vehicle (100) from a neighboring vehicle. The positioning unit (140b) may include a GPS and various sensors.
[0187] As an example, the communication unit (110) of the vehicle (100) may receive map information and traffic information from an external server and store the received information in the memory unit (130). The positioning unit (140b) may obtain the vehicle position information through the GPS and various sensors and store the obtained information in the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information and the I/O unit (140a) may display the generated virtual object in a window in the vehicle (1410, 1420). The control unit (120) may determine whether the vehicle (100) normally drives within a traveling lane, based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle (100) abnormally exits from the traveling lane, the control unit (120) may display a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I/O unit (140a). In addition, the control unit (120) may broadcast a warning message regarding driving abnormity to neighboring vehicles through the communication unit (110). According to situation, the control unit (120) may transmit the vehicle position information and the information on driving/vehicle abnormality to related organizations.
[0188] FIG. 25 shows an XR device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented by an HMD, an HUD mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and so on.
[0189] Referring to FIG. 25, an XR device (100a) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an I/O unit (140a), a sensor unit (140b), and a power supply unit (140c). Herein, the blocks 110∼130/140a∼140c correspond to the blocks 110∼130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.
[0190] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, hand-held devices, or media servers. The media data may include video, images, and sound. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the XR device (100a). For example, the control unit (120) may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the XR device (100a)/generate XR object. The I/O unit (140a) may obtain control information and data from the exterior and output the generated XR object. The I/O unit (140a) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit (140b) may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, and so on. The sensor unit (140b) may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and/or a radar. The power supply unit (140c) may supply power to the XR device (100a) and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and so on.
[0191] For example, the memory unit (130) of the XR device (100a) may include information (e.g., data) needed to generate the XR object (e.g., an AR/VR/MR object). The I/O unit (140a) may receive a command for manipulating the XR device (100a) from a user and the control unit (120) may drive the XR device (100a) according to a driving command of a user. For example, when a user desires to watch a film or news through the XR device (100a), the control unit (120) transmits content request information to another device (e.g., a hand-held device 100b) or a media server through the communication unit (130). The communication unit (130) may download/stream content such as films or news from another device (e.g., the hand-held device 100b) or the media server to the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) may control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing with respect to the content and generate/output the XR object based on information on a surrounding space or a real object obtained through the I/O unit (140a)/sensor unit (140b).
[0192] The XR device (100a) may be wirelessly connected to the hand-held device (100b) through the communication unit (110) and the operation of the XR device (100a) may be controlled by the hand-held device (100b). For example, the hand-held device (100b) may operate as a controller of the XR device (100a). To this end, the XR device (100a) may obtain information on a 3D position of the hand-held device (100b) and generate and output an XR object corresponding to the hand-held device (100b).
[0193] FIG. 26 shows a robot, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The robot may be categorized into an industrial robot, a medical robot, a household robot, a military robot, and so on, according to a used purpose or field.
[0194] Referring to FIG. 26, a robot (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an I/O unit (140a), a sensor unit (140b), and a driving unit (140c). Herein, the blocks 110∼130/140a∼140c correspond to the blocks 110∼130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.
[0195] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the robot (100). The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functions of the robot (100). The I/O unit (140a) may obtain information from the exterior of the robot (100) and output information to the exterior of the robot (100). The I/O unit (140a) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit (140b) may obtain internal information of the robot (100), surrounding environment information, user information, and so on. The sensor unit (140b) may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, and so on. The driving unit (140c) may perform various physical operations such as movement of robot joints. In addition, the driving unit (140c) may cause the robot (100) to travel on the road or to fly. The driving unit (140c) may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and so on.
[0196] FIG. 27 shows an AI device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The AI device may be implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a Set Top Box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, and so on.
[0197] Referring to FIG. 27, an AI device (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an I/O unit (140a/140b), a learning processor unit (140c), and a sensor unit (140d). The blocks 110∼130/140a∼140d correspond to blocks 110∼130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.
[0198] The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive wired/radio signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, or control signals) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, 400 of FIG. 18) or an AI server (e.g., 400 of FIG. 18) using wired/wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit (110) may transmit information within the memory unit (130) to an external device and transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit (130).
[0199] The control unit (120) may determine at least one feasible operation of the AI device (100), based on information which is determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit (120) may perform an operation determined by controlling constituent elements of the AI device (100). For example, the control unit (120) may request, search, receive, or use data of the learning processor unit (140c) or the memory unit (130) and control the constituent elements of the AI device (100) to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation. The control unit (120) may collect history information including the operation contents of the AI device (100) and operation feedback by a user and store the collected information in the memory unit (130) or the learning processor unit (140c) or transmit the collected information to an external device such as an AI server (400 of FIG. 19). The collected history information may be used to update a learning model.
[0200] The memory unit (130) may store data for supporting various functions of the AI device (100). For example, the memory unit (130) may store data obtained from the input unit (140a), data obtained from the communication unit (110), output data of the learning processor unit (140c), and data obtained from the sensor unit (140). The memory unit (130) may store control information and/or software code needed to operate/drive the control unit (120).
[0201] The input unit (140a) may obtain various types of data from the exterior of the AI device (100). For example, the input unit (140a) may obtain learning data for model learning, and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit (140a) may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit (140b) may generate output related to a visual, auditory, or tactile sense. The output unit (140b) may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit (140) may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device (100), surrounding environment information of the AI device (100), and user information, using various sensors. The sensor unit (140) may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar.
[0202] The learning processor unit (140c) may learn a model consisting of artificial neural networks, using learning data. The learning processor unit (140c) may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server (400 of FIG. 18). The learning processor unit (140c) may process information received from an external device through the communication unit (110) and/or information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, an output value of the learning processor unit (140c) may be transmitted to the external device through the communication unit (110) and may be stored in the memory unit (130).
[0203] The claims set forth herein can be combined in a variety of ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the present specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined to be implemented as a method.
1. A method of reporting performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication
system, the method comprising:
measuring a received power of a received signal received from a base station and a transmit power of a transmitted signal transmitted to the base station, and
transmitting report information to the base station based on the transmit power and the received power,
wherein the UE determines availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE based on the received power and the transmit power, and
wherein the report information includes information related to the availability.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmit power is same as a target transmit power
of the UE configured by the base station.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE determines the availability as unavailability
based on the received power being greater than a received threshold and the transmit
power being greater than a transmit threshold.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the received threshold and the transmit threshold are
determined based on a capability of the UE.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE determines availability of the full-duplex operation
of the UE based on the received power, the transmit power, and a distance between
the UE and the base station.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the received power is measured based on self-interference
of the UE.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the received power is a power obtained by excluding
noise received from the transmitted signal by the UE.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the report information is included in the UE capability
information transmitted by the UE to the base station.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the report information is transmitted periodically
or aperiodically.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE transmits request information to the base station
based on the transmit power being greater than a threshold value,
wherein the request information is information requesting to reduce the transmit power
wherein the request information is information requesting to reduce the transmit power
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE receives scheduling information from the base
station based on the availability,
wherein the scheduling information informs scheduling of the full-duplex operation of the UE.
wherein the scheduling information informs scheduling of the full-duplex operation of the UE.
12. The method of claim 1, the UE determines the availability in units of beams.
13. A user equipment (UE) comprising:
one or more memories storing instructions;
one or more transceivers; and
one or more processors coupling the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions for:
measuring a received power of a received signal received from a base station and a transmit power of a transmitted signal transmitted to the base station, and
transmitting report information to the base station based on the transmit power and the received power,
wherein the UE determines availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE based on the received power and the transmit power, and
wherein the report information includes information related to the availability.
14. An apparatus configured to control a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors;
one or more memories operatively coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions,
wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions for:
measuring a received power of a received signal received from a base station and a transmit power of a transmitted signal transmitted to the base station, and
transmitting report information to the base station based on the transmit power and the received power,
wherein the apparatus determines availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE based on the received power and the transmit power, and
wherein the report information includes information related to the availability.
15. At least one computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions that, based on being
executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising:
measuring a received power of a received signal received from a base station and a transmit power of a transmitted signal transmitted to the base station, and
transmitting report information to the base station based on the transmit power and the received power,
wherein the processor determines availability of a full-duplex operation of the processor based on the received power and the transmit power, and
wherein the report information includes information related to the availability.
16. A method of scheduling performed by a base station in a wireless communication system,
the method comprising:
receiving report information from a user equipment (UE), wherein the report information includes information related to availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE; and
performing scheduling for the UE based on the report information,
wherein the scheduling is performed for full-duplex based on the information related to the availability indicating that a full-duplex operation of the UE is available, and
wherein the scheduling is performed for half-duplex based on the information related to the availability indicating that a full-duplex operation of the UE is unavailable.
17. A base station comprising:
one or more memories storing instructions;
one or more transceivers; and
one or more processors coupling the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions for:
receiving report information from a user equipment (UE), wherein the report information includes information related to availability of a full-duplex operation of the UE; and
performing scheduling for the UE based on the report information, wherein the scheduling is performed for full-duplex based on the information related to the availability indicating that a full-duplex operation of the UE is available, and
wherein the scheduling is performed for half-duplex based on the information related to the availability indicating that a full-duplex operation of the UE is unavailable.