COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND COMMUNICATION METHOD

Abstract

 This application provides a communication apparatus and a communication method, applied to a microwave transmission system. The communication apparatus includes a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit. A first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit. The rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction. The first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first end and the second end of the rotation unit. A coupling amount of the communication apparatus may be adjusted by controlling a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit by the rotation unit, and an adjustment manner is simple and easy to operate, so that functions of a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized. In addition, the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is independent of a frequency, so that flatness of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in a channel is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This application relates to the communication field, and more specifically, to a communication apparatus and a communication method.

BACKGROUND

[0002] A directional coupler (directional coupler) is a four-port device, and is widely used in a microwave transmission system. As shown in FIG. 1, four ports of a directional coupler include a common port, a primary port, a secondary port, and an isolation port. The isolation port is inside the product and is not displayed. The directional coupler may be classified into a balanced directional coupler and an unbalanced directional coupler based on an energy ratio of a signal of the primary port to the common port and an energy ratio of a signal of the secondary port to the common port. For the balanced directional coupler, an energy ratio of a signal of a primary port to a common port is equal to an energy ratio of a signal of a secondary port to a common port. For the unbalanced directional coupler, an energy ratio of a signal of a primary port to a common port is unequal to an energy ratio of a signal of a secondary port to a common port.

[0003] A common coupling structure of an existing directional coupler includes a broadside coupling structure, a narrowside coupling structure, and a magic T structure. Coupling amounts of a directional coupler with the broadside coupling structure and a directional coupler with the narrowside coupling structure are usually fixed. If the coupling amount needs to be adjusted, a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows need to be changed. Adjustment of the coupling amount is complex and difficult to implement. A coupling amount of a directional coupler with the magic T structure cannot be adjusted, and the coupling amount has only one specification of 3 dB. In addition, because a coupling mount of the existing directional coupler is related to a frequency, and an operating frequency range is narrow, in the frequency range, the coupling amount fluctuates to a specific extent, and is not stable enough.

SUMMARY

[0004] This application provides a communication apparatus and a communication method, applied to signal power allocation or combination. A coupling amount of the communication apparatus may be adjusted, and an adjustment manner is simple and easy to implement, so that functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized. In addition, adjustment of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is independent of a coupling window and is not affected by a frequency change, so that flatness of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in a passband is improved.

[0005] According to a first aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, including a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit. A first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit. The first orthogonal unit is configured to process an input first signal and an input second signal into a third signal and a fourth signal that are orthogonal. The second orthogonal unit is configured to process the third signal and the fourth signal into a fifth signal and a sixth signal that are orthogonal. The rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and the sixth signal in a first plane. The first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end of the rotation unit to the second end of the rotation unit. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0006] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, the first included angle may be adjusted by controlling the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit by the rotation unit to rotate around the first direction, and a coupling amount of the communication apparatus is controlled by adjusting the first included angle. In other words, energy ratio relationships between the fifth signal and the third signal and between the sixth signal and the third signal may be adjusted by adjusting the first included angle. For the communication apparatus, a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is simple, and functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized.

[0007] It should be noted that a name of the "unit" is merely an example, and the unit may also be referred to as a structure, a module, a device, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.

[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit each are an orth-mode transducer (orth-mode transducer, OMT). The orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port. An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional OMT, a wideband OMT, or an ultra-wideband OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.

[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first orthogonal unit includes: a first port, configured to input the first signal; a second port, configured to input the second signal; and a third port, configured to output the third signal and the fourth signal to the first end of the rotation unit. The second orthogonal unit includes: a fourth port, configured to input the third signal and the fourth signal from the second end of the rotation unit; and a fifth port, configured to output the fifth signal. The fifth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle. The first included angle is an included angle between an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the first port to the third port on the third port and an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the fifth port to the fourth port on the fourth port.

[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second orthogonal unit further includes a sixth port. The sixth port is configured to output the sixth signal. The sixth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle.

[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the communication apparatus in this application is a directional coupler. The first port is a primary port of the directional coupler in this application, the second port is a secondary port of the directional coupler in this application, the third port is a common port #1 of an orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application, the fourth port is a common port #2 of the orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application, the fifth port is a common port #3 of the directional coupler in this application, and the sixth port is an isolation port of the directional coupler in this application. The isolation port is connected to a matched load, and is configured to cancel an output signal of the sixth port.

[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the fifth signal includes a first component and a third component. The first component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of the first included angle, and the third component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the first included angle. The sixth signal includes a second component and a fourth component. The second component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of a second included angle, and the fourth component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the second included angle. The second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.

[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a conversion relationship between the first included angle θ and a coupling amount Y of the communication apparatus meets the following conditions:

and

where
cosθ is an energy ratio of the first component in the third signal or an energy ratio of the fourth component in the fourth signal, Yi is a coupling amount of the first component in the third signal or a coupling amount of the fourth component in the fourth signal, sinθ is an energy ratio of the second component in the third signal or an energy ratio of the third component in the fourth signal, and Y₂ is a coupling amount of the second component in the third signal or a coupling amount of the third component in the fourth signal.

[0014] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, the rotation unit may adjust the energy ratio by adjusting the first included angle θ, namely, the coupling amount. A manner of adjusting the coupling amount is independent of a frequency, and the coupling amount fluctuates slightly in a passband, and has high flatness in the passband.

[0015] Optionally, the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle. In a live network, a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale. Alternatively, the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle. In a live network, the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.

[0016] Optionally, the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus based on a preset coupling amount, or may be preset in advance before delivery. A specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.

[0017] Optionally, another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description. For example, actual included angles generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are separately used for calculation. Alternatively, an included angle between an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the sixth port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the second port enters a first coupling body is used for calculation. It should be understood that, after the first included angle is determined, the another included angle may also be uniquely determined based on the first included angle. This is not limited in this application. A manner of calculating the another included angle is similar to a manner of calculating the first included angle.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg, and the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.

[0019] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the first included angle. In other words, functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.

[0020] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first orthogonal unit includes an orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit includes an orth-mode transducer OMT.

[0021] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, compared with a conventional coupler, the communication apparatus provided in this application can expand an operating frequency range, and can implement broadband or even ultra-wideband.

[0022] According to a second aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, including a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit. A first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit. The second orthogonal unit is configured to process an input seventh signal into an eighth signal. The eighth signal is perpendicular to a first direction. The first direction is a transmission direction in which the eighth signal is transmitted from the second end of the rotation unit to the first end of the rotation unit. The first orthogonal unit is configured to process the eighth signal into a ninth signal and a tenth signal that are orthogonal. The rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the eighth signal and the ninth signal in a first plane. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0023] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, the first included angle may be adjusted by controlling the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit by the rotation unit to rotate around the first direction, and a coupling amount of the communication apparatus is controlled by adjusting the first included angle. In other words, energy ratios of the ninth signal and the tenth signal in the eighth signal may be adjusted by adjusting the first included angle. For the communication apparatus, a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is simple, and functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized.

[0024] It should be noted that a name of the "unit" is merely an example, and the unit may also be referred to as a structure, a module, a device, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.

[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit each are an orth-mode transducer OMT. The orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port. An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional orth-mode transducer OMT, a wideband orth-mode transducer OMT, or an ultra-wideband orth-mode transducer OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.

[0026] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the second orthogonal unit includes: a fifth port, configured to input the seventh signal; and a fourth port, configured to output the eighth signal to the second end of the rotation unit. The first orthogonal unit includes: a third port, configured to input the eighth signal into the first end of the rotation unit; a second port, configured to output the ninth signal, where the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle; and a first port, configured to output the tenth signal, where the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle.

[0027] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the communication apparatus in this application is a directional coupler. The first port is a primary port of the directional coupler in this application, the second port is a secondary port of the directional coupler in this application, the third port is a common port #1 of an orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application, the fourth port is a common port #2 of the orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application, and the fifth port is a common port #3 of the directional coupler in this application.

[0028] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a conversion relationship between the first included angle θ and a coupling amount Y of the communication apparatus is:

and

where
cosθ is an energy ratio of the tenth signal in the eighth signal, Yi is a coupling amount of the tenth signal in the eighth signal, sinθ is an energy ratio of the ninth signal in the eighth signal, and Y₂ is a coupling amount of the ninth signal in the eighth signal.

[0029] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, the rotation unit may adjust the energy ratio by adjusting the first included angle, namely, the coupling amount. A manner of adjusting the coupling amount is independent of a frequency, and the coupling amount fluctuates slightly in a passband, and has high flatness in the passband.

[0030] Optionally, the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle. In a live network, a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale. Alternatively, the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle. In a live network, the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.

[0031] Optionally, the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus based on a preset coupling amount, or may be preset in advance before delivery. A specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.

[0032] Optionally, another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description. For example, actual included angles generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are separately used for calculation. Alternatively, an included angle between an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the sixth port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the second port enters a first coupling body is used for calculation. It should be understood that, after the first included angle is determined, the another included angle may also be uniquely determined based on the first included angle. This is not limited in this application. A manner of calculating the another included angle is similar to a manner of calculating the first included angle.

[0033] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg, and the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.

[0034] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the first included angle. In other words, functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.

[0035] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first orthogonal unit includes the orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit includes the orth-mode transducer OMT.

[0036] According to the communication apparatus provided in this application, compared with a conventional coupler, the communication apparatus provided in this application can greatly expand an operating frequency range, and can implement broadband or even ultra-wideband.

[0037] According to a third aspect, a communication method is provided. The method includes: determining an energy ratio based on a preset coupling amount, where the energy ratio includes an energy ratio of an input signal of a first port of a first orthogonal unit to an output signal of a fifth port of a second orthogonal unit, or an energy ratio of an input signal of a second port of a first orthogonal body to an output signal of a fifth port of a second orthogonal body; determining, based on the energy ratio, a first included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction, where the first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit; and rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, so that a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is the first included angle.

[0038] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, a correspondence between a target coupling amount Y, an energy ratio X, and a target rotation angle θ meet the following conditions:

and

where
Yi is a coupling amount of the input signal of the first port of the first orthogonal unit in the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; cosθ corresponds to an energy ratio Xi of the input signal of the first port of the first orthogonal unit to the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; Y₂ is a coupling amount of an input signal of a second port of the first orthogonal unit in the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; and sinθ corresponds to an energy ratio X₂ of the input signal of the second port of the first orthogonal unit to the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit.

[0039] According to a fourth aspect, a communication system is provided. The system includes: the communication apparatus in the first aspect and/or the second aspect, where the communication apparatus is configured to process a signal; a first outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send a processed signal, where the first outdoor unit is connected to the first port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus; a second outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, where the second outdoor unit is connected to the second port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus; and an antenna, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, where the antenna is connected to the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus.

[0040] According to a fifth aspect, a network device is provided. The device includes: a transceiver, configured to receive or send a signal, where the transceiver includes the communication apparatus in the first aspect and/or the second aspect, and the communication apparatus is configured to perform power combination on a to-be-sent signal before the signal is sent, or perform power allocation on the received signal after the signal is received; and a processor, configured to process the signal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] 

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a directional coupler;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of electrical performance of a conventional directional coupler;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coupling manner of a conventional directional coupler;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another example of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded view of a corresponding electric field of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 8 is a data analysis diagram of numerical simulation of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of a structure of a communication apparatus according to this application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system according to this application, and

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0042] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the following describes the technical solutions in this application by using a communication apparatus as a directional coupler.

[0043] The directional coupler is a passive microwave device that can be used for signal power allocation or combination. Four ports of the directional coupler include a common port, a primary port, a secondary port, and an isolation port.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 2, in a microwave transmission system, a common port of a directional coupler 202 is connected to an antenna 201, a primary port is connected to a first outdoor unit (outdoor unit, ODU) 203, a secondary port is connected to a second outdoor unit 204, and an internal isolation port is connected to a matched load. The directional coupler 202 combines a radio frequency signal of the first ODU 203 and a radio frequency signal of the second ODU 204 into one signal and output the signal through the common port. Then, the antenna 201 converts the radio frequency signal output through the common port into an electromagnetic wave, and radiates the electromagnetic wave to the air. Alternatively, the antenna 201 receives an electromagnetic wave and converts the electromagnetic wave into a radio frequency signal. The radio frequency signal is input through the common port of the directional coupler 202, and then is divided on the primary port and the secondary port. Two radio frequency signals obtained through division are separately output to the first ODU 203 and the second ODU 204.

[0045] The directional coupler may be classified into a balanced directional coupler and an unbalanced directional coupler based on an energy ratio of a signal of the primary port to the common port and an energy ratio of a signal of the secondary port to the common port. For the balanced directional coupler, an energy ratio X of a signal of a primary port to a common port is equal to an energy ratio X of a signal of a secondary port to a common port. For the unbalanced directional coupler, an energy ratio X of a signal of a primary port to a common port is unequal to an energy ratio X of a signal of a secondary port to a common port. A conversion relationship between the energy ratio X and a coupling amount Y (unit: dB) is as follows:

[0046] By using an example in which a coupling amount of the unbalanced directional coupler is 6 dB, the following describes in detail the two directional couplers shown in FIG. 3 in a power combination scenario.

[0047] For the balanced directional coupler, the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is equal to the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port. To be specific, both the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port and the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port are 1/2. In this case, corresponding energy of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is -3 dB, and corresponding energy of the signal of the primary port to the common port is also -3 dB. The balanced directional coupler is usually used in a scenario in which two ODUs operate at different frequencies, which is also referred to as a "2+0" scenario. Compared with a scenario in which only one ODU is used, a system capacity can be doubled in the scenario.

[0048] For the unbalanced directional coupler, the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is unequal to the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port. For example, when the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is 1/4, corresponding energy of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is - 6 dB; and when the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is 3/4, corresponding energy of the signal of the primary port to the common port is -1.3 dB. The unbalanced directional coupler is usually used in a scenario in which one ODU operates and the other ODU serves as a backup, which is also referred to as a "1+1" hot standby (hot standby, HSB) scenario. In this scenario, if the operating ODU is faulty, the operating ODD can be switched to the standby ODU, to ensure normal operation of the system.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 4, a common coupling structure of the directional coupler includes a broadside coupling structure, a narrowside coupling structure, and a magic T structure.

[0050] For the broadside coupling structure and the narrowside coupling structure, a coupling amount is mainly adjusted by adjusting a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows. In the coupling structures, each coupling window couples a part of energy of the common port to the secondary port and the isolation port. According to a multi-hole coupling theory, the distance between the coupling windows is adjusted, so that energy of the coupling windows is superimposed at the secondary port and cancelled at the isolation port. A part of energy is coupled to the secondary port for output, and energy of an uncoupled part is output from the primary port. Although coupling amounts of a coupler with the broadside coupling structure and a coupler with the narrowside coupling structure can be adjusted theoretically, adjusting the coupling amounts of the couplers by adjusting a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows is complex in an actual operation, and is difficult to implement. However, a coupling amount of a coupler with the Magic T structure is fixed and non-adjustable, and can only implement balanced coupling of 3 dB, but cannot implement unbalanced coupling.

[0051] Because coupling amounts corresponding to the broadside coupling structure and the narrowside coupling structure are related to a frequency, in an operating frequency range, the coupling amount fluctuates to a specific extent, and is not stable enough. In addition, operating frequency ranges of the broadside coupling structure and the narrowside coupling structure are narrow.

[0052] In view of disadvantages in the conventional technology, embodiments of this application provide a communication apparatus that may be used for signal power allocation or combination. A coupling amount of the communication apparatus can be adjusted, and adjustment of the coupling amount does not relate to a coupling window, and is not affected by a frequency change. Flatness of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is higher in a passband, and an operating frequency range of the communication apparatus may reach broadband or even ultra-wideband. This application mainly resolves a narrow bandwidth of an existing directional coupler, in-band ripple, and realization of functions of both a balanced coupler and an unbalanced coupler.

[0053] FIG. 5 shows a communication apparatus 500 that is used for coupling and whose coupling amount is adjustable according to this application. The communication apparatus 500 mainly includes a first orthogonal unit 510, a rotation unit 520, and a second orthogonal unit 530. A first end 521 of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit 510, and a second end 522 of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit 530. The first orthogonal unit 510 is configured to process an input first signal and an input second signal into a third signal and a fourth signal that are orthogonal. The second orthogonal unit 530 is configured to process the third signal and the fourth signal into a fifth signal and a sixth signal that are orthogonal. The rotation unit 520 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 510 and/or the second orthogonal unit 530 around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and the sixth signal in a first plane. The first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end 521 of the rotation unit 520 to the second end 522 of the rotation unit. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0054] It should be noted that names of the orthogonal unit and the rotation unit are merely used as examples, and the unit may alternatively be referred to as an orthogonal structure, an orthogonal module, an orthogonal device, a rotation structure, a rotation module, a rotation device, or the like, provided that same or similar capabilities can be implemented. A specific name is not limited herein in this application.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the rotation unit may be a cylinder.

[0056] Optionally, the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle. In a live network, a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale. Alternatively, the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle. In a live network, the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 6, a communication apparatus 600 that is used for coupling and whose coupling amount is adjustable according to an embodiment of this application mainly includes: a first orthogonal unit 610, a second orthogonal unit 620, and a rotation unit 630. The first orthogonal unit 610 includes a first port 611, a second port 612, a first body 613, and a third port 614. The second orthogonal unit 620 includes a fourth port 621, a second body 622, and a fifth port 623. The first body 613 is connected to the first port 611, the second port 612, and the third port 614. The second body 622 is connected to the fourth port 621, the fifth port 623, and the sixth port 624. The third port 614 is connected to the fourth port 621. The first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 can rotate along an axis on which the third port 614 and the fourth port 621 are connected.

[0058] Optionally, the communication apparatus 600 further includes the sixth port 624.

[0059] It should be noted that the third port may correspond to a first end of the rotation unit, and the fourth port may correspond to a second end of the rotation unit.

[0060] In a possible implementation, the first orthogonal unit is an OMT 1, the second orthogonal unit is an OMT 2, the rotation unit is a circular waveguide, the first port is a primary port of the communication apparatus in this application, the second port is a secondary port of the communication apparatus in this application, the third port is a common port #1 of the OMT 1 interconnected inside the communication apparatus in this application, the fourth port is a common port #2 of an OMT interconnected inside the communication apparatus in this application, the fifth port is a common port #3 of the communication apparatus in this application, and the sixth port is an isolation port of the communication apparatus in this application. The isolation port is connected to a matched load. The common port #1 and the common port #2 are located inside the communication apparatus.

[0061] A power combination scenario is used as an example to describe functions of the parts of the communication apparatus 600.

[0062] The first orthogonal unit 610 includes: the first port 611, configured to input a first signal; the second port 612, configured to input a second signal; the first body 613, configured to perform first processing on the first signal and the second signal to obtain a third signal and a fourth signal respectively, where the third signal is orthogonal to the fourth signal; and the third port 614, configured to output the third signal and the fourth signal.

[0063] The second orthogonal unit 620 includes: the fourth port 621, configured to input the third signal and the fourth signal; the second body 622, configured to: perform second processing on the third signal to generate a first component and a second component, and configured to perform third processing on the fourth signal to generate a third component and a fourth component, where the first component is orthogonal to the second component, the third component is orthogonal to the fourth component, the first component and the third component have a same direction, and the second component and the fourth component have a same direction; and the fifth port 623, configured to output a fifth signal, where the fifth signal includes a first component and a third component.

[0064] The rotation unit 630 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and a sixth signal in a first plane. The first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end (namely, the third port 614) of the rotation unit to the second end (namely, the fourth port 621) of the rotation unit. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0065] The first component and the second component are components of the third signal in the first plane. The first component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of the first included angle. The second component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of a second included angle. The second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other. The third component and the fourth component are components of the fourth signal in the first plane. The third component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the first included angle. The fourth component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the second included angle.

[0066] Optionally, the communication apparatus 600 further includes the sixth port 624. The sixth port 624 is configured to output a sixth signal. The sixth signal includes a second component and a fourth component.

[0067] It should be noted that a plane on which orthogonal signals obtained by performing the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing are located is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction (namely, the first direction) between two orthogonal units. In an initial state, the first included angle is 0 deg. In this case, directions of orthogonal signals obtained by performing the first processing by the first orthogonal unit, performing the second processing by the second orthogonal unit, and performing the third processing by the third orthogonal unit are the same.

[0068] Next, a power allocation scenario is used as an example to describe the functions of the parts of the communication apparatus 600.

[0069] The second orthogonal unit 620 includes: the fifth port 623, configured to input a seventh signal; the second body 622, configured to perform fourth processing on the seventh signal to obtain an eighth signal, where the eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing is perpendicular to the first direction, and the first direction is a direction of propagating the seventh signal from the fourth port to the third port; and the fourth port 621, configured to output an eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing.

[0070] The first orthogonal unit 610 includes: the third port 614, configured to input the eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing; the first body 613, configured to perform fifth processing on the eighth signal to obtain a ninth signal and a tenth signal, where the ninth signal is orthogonal to the tenth signal; the second port 612, configured to output the ninth signal; and the first port, configured to output the tenth signal.

[0071] The rotation unit 630 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 around the first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the ninth signal and the eighth signal in the first plane. The first direction is a transmission direction in which the eighth signal is transmitted from the second end (namely, the fourth port 621) of the rotation unit to the first end (namely, the third port 614) of the rotation unit. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0072] The ninth signal and the tenth signal are components of the eighth signal in the first plane. The ninth signal is a projection of the eighth signal in a direction of the first included angle. The tenth signal is a projection of the eighth signal in a direction of a second included angle. The second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the first signal and the second signal may be radio frequency signals respectively input from a first ODU and a second ODU, and the fourth signal may be a radio frequency signal converted from an electromagnetic wave by an antenna connected to the fifth port.

[0074] In a possible implementation, the sixth port is connected to a matched load, and is configured to process the sixth signal, so that no signal is output from the sixth port.

[0075] Optionally, the first coupling body may be connected to the first port, the second port, and the third port in another manner. For example, the first port and the second port may be installed on another surface of the first coupling body. Similarly, the second coupling body may be connected to the fourth port, the fifth port, and the sixth port in another manner. For example, the fifth port and the sixth port may be installed on another surface of the second coupling body. Principles of adjusting coupling amounts corresponding to different port installation manners in this application are similar. This is not limited in this application.

[0076] It should be understood that names of components in the communication apparatus in this application, such as the orthogonal unit, the first body, the second body, the common port, the isolation port, the primary port, and the secondary port, are merely used as examples, or may be replaced by other names. For example, the first body may also be referred to as the first coupling body, a first orthogonal mode coupling body, a first orthogonal mode coupling core, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.

[0077] It should be noted that a plane on which orthogonal signals obtained by performing the fourth processing and the fifth processing are located is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction (namely, the first direction) between two orthogonal units. In an initial state, the first included angle is 0 deg. In this case, directions of orthogonal signals obtained by performing the fourth processing by the second orthogonal unit and performing the fifth processing by the first orthogonal unit are the same.

[0078] In a possible implementation, the first orthogonal unit is an orth-mode transducer (orth-mode transducer, OMT), and/or the second orthogonal unit is an orth-mode transducer OMT. The orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port. An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional OMT, a wideband OMT, or an ultra-wideband OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.

[0079] It should be understood that the orth-mode transducer OMT may include a narrowband OMT, the wideband OMT, and the ultra-wideband OMT depending on an operating frequency band range. A relative bandwidth of the narrowband OMT is usually less than 10%, a relative bandwidth of the wideband OMT is usually greater than 20%, and a relative bandwidth of the ultra-wideband OMT is usually greater than 35%. The relative bandwidth is a ratio of a signal bandwidth to a center frequency.

[0080] In the communication apparatus in this application, two orthogonal units are internally connected, and a relative angle between the two orthogonal units, namely, the first included angle, is adjusted, to implement different coupling amounts. The following describes in detail a manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in a power combination scenario. In other words, the following further describes content of the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing.

[0081] FIG. 7 shows a possible manner of adjusting a coupling amount of a communication apparatus according to this application. In the power combination scenario, it is assumed that a signal input from the first port to the first coupling body is the first signal, and a signal input from the second port to the first coupling body is the second signal. The first signal, namely, a signal A (or the third signal), obtained by performing the first processing and the second signal, namely, a signal B (or the fourth signal), obtained by performing the first processing are output through the third port. The signal A and the signal B are input to the second body through the fourth port. The second processing is performed on the signal A to obtain the first component Asinθ and the second component Acosθ, and the third processing is performed on the signal B to obtain the third component Bcosθ and the fourth component Bsinθ.

[0082] An included angle in an electric field direction between the first port and the fifth port in FIG. 7, namely, the first included angle θ, may be controlled by adjusting the relative included angle between the two orthogonal units. The signal A input through the fourth port is decomposed in electric field directions of the fifth port and the sixth port. A signal parallel to an electric field of the fifth port enters the fifth port, and the signal entering the fifth port is Acosθ. A signal parallel to an electric field of the sixth port enters the isolation port, and the signal entering the sixth port is Asinθ.

[0083] Similarly, the signal B input through the fourth port is decomposed in the electric field directions of the fifth port and the sixth port. A signal parallel to the electric field of the fifth port enters the fifth port, and the signal entering the fifth port is Bsinθ. A signal parallel to the electric field of the sixth port enters the sixth port, and the signal entering the sixth port is Bcosθ.

[0084] It can be learned from the analysis in FIG. 7 that, signals finally entering the common port #3 from the primary port and the secondary port are Acosθ and Bsinθ, and signals finally entering the isolation port are Asinθ and Bcosθ. Therefore, it can be seen that a ratio of a signal finally output from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 is related only to the first included angle θ, and is independent of a frequency, that is, a coupling amount of the signal from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 is related only to the first included angle θ, and is independent of the frequency. That is, the coupling amount of the signal from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 may be adjusted only by adjusting the first included angle θ.

[0085] According to the analysis and conclusion, the first included angle θ may be adjusted by using the rotation unit, to adjust an energy ratio, namely, the coupling quantity. A correspondence between the included angle θ, the energy ratio, and the coupling quantity is as follows:

Table 1

	Energy ratio	Coupling amount (dB)
Primary port to common port #3	cosθ	20*log(cosθ)
Secondary port to common port #3	sinθ	20*log(sinθ)

[0086] It can be learned from the correspondence that, for a balanced communication apparatus, namely, a communication apparatus with an energy ratio of 1/2 and a coupling amount of 3 dB, a corresponding included angle θ is 45 deg. For an unbalanced communication apparatus, for example, the coupling quantity is 6 dB, and a corresponding included angle θ is 30 deg. Therefore, according to the communication apparatus in this application, conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the included angle θ, that is, functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.

[0087] The manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in the power allocation scenario is similar to the manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in the power combination scenario. For details, refer to the foregoing descriptions. That is, for content of the fourth processing and the fifth processing, refer to the content descriptions of the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing. Details are not described herein again.

[0088] It should be noted that the third signal, the fourth signal, the fifth signal, the sixth signal, the eighth signal, the ninth signal, and the tenth signal are all located on the first plane. The first plane is a plane perpendicular to the first direction. The first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit, namely, a direction in which the signal is transmitted within the rotation unit.

[0089] It should be noted that, in a possible implementation, the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are OMTs. When a relative rotation angle between the two OMTs is adjusted, an impact of included angles between another device and the primary port, the secondary port, the isolation port, and the common port #3 of the communication apparatus needs to be considered. For example, if the rotation angle is adjusted from θ₁ to θ₂, it is considered that the common port #3 and the antenna are misplaced. It may be ensured that a ratio of the maximum energy that can be transmitted is cos((θ₂ -θ₁)/2). In a live network, an adjustment range of the rotation angle may be determined based on specific acceptable energy attenuation.

[0090] By way of example and not limitation, an actual modeling and simulation calculation result is shown in FIG. 8. A horizontal coordinate represents an operating frequency of the communication apparatus, and a vertical coordinate represents the coupling amount of the communication apparatus. It can be learned that, for a communication apparatus with the adjustable coupling amount proposed in this application, within the operating frequency range, a value of a coupling amount corresponding to each first included angle is stable, the coupling amount fluctuates slightly, and the coupling amount of the communication apparatus has high flatness in a passband.

[0091] In a possible implementation, a structure of a communication apparatus 900 in this application is shown in FIG. 9. An electrical performance part of a coupler includes two OMTs. The OMT 1 has a front port and a rear port. The front port is a primary port of the coupler, and the rear port is a secondary port of the coupler. Both ports are connected to an ODU. The OMT 2 has a right port and a front port. The right port is a common port of the coupler and is connected to an antenna through a flexible waveguide in a split mode. The front port is an isolation port and is connected to a matched load. The OMT 2 can rotate at a specific angle. When an included angle between a short side (namely, a side parallel to an electric field) of the common port #3 and a short side of the primary port may be adjusted to 45 deg by rotating the OMT 2, energy of -3 dB is separately transmitted from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port. In this case, the coupler is a balanced coupler. Similarly, when the included angle between the short side of the common port #3 and the short side of the primary port is adjusted to 30 deg by rotating the OMT 2, energy of -1.3 dB is transmitted from the primary port to the common port, and energy of -6 dB is transmitted from the secondary port to the common port. In this case, the coupler is an unbalanced coupler.

[0092] In a possible implementation, rotation of the OMT 1 and/or the OMT 2 may be controlled by disposing a rotation joint on a circular waveguide on which a common port #1 and a common port #2 are connected. Alternatively, rotation of the OMT 1 and/or the OMT 2 may be controlled by disposing an angle rotation controller on the communication apparatus in this application. A rotation angle may be continuously adjusted, or may be adjusted in a node manner. A specific implementation of controlling a relative rotation angle (namely, the first included angle) between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 is not limited in this application. Any solution in which the relative rotation angle between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 can be adjusted falls within the protection scope of this application.

[0093] Optionally, in the communication apparatus in this application, the OMT 2 may be fixed, and the OMT 1 may be rotated by a specific included angle. Alternatively, both the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 may be rotated, provided that the relative included angle between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 can be adjusted. This is not limited in this application.

[0094] Optionally, the common port of the OMT 2 may be connected to the antenna in another manner, for example, an integrated installation manner. This is not limited in this application.

[0095] Optionally, other port forms may alternatively be used in the OMT 1 and the OMT 2. To be specific, the primary port and the secondary port may alternatively be installed on another surface of an OMT 1 core, and a coupling end and the third common port may alternatively be installed on another surface of an OMT 2 core. This is not limited in this application.

[0096] In this application, a communication apparatus with an adjustable coupling amount is designed. The coupling amount of the communication apparatus is related only to a relative angle (namely, the first included angle) between a first orthogonal unit and a second orthogonal unit, and is independent of a frequency. This can resolve the following problems of a conventional coupler:

(1) A coupling amount of a conventional coupler (including a broadside coupler and a narrowside coupler) is related to the frequency, and fluctuates with the frequency in a passband. The coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application is independent of the frequency, and has high flatness in the passband.

(2) A bandwidth of the communication apparatus provided in this application depends on a bandwidth of the OMT, because the OMT can implement broadband or even ultra-wideband. If the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are OMTs, compared with a conventional coupler, an operating frequency range of the directional coupler may be greatly expanded by using the communication apparatus provided in this application.

(3) If the coupling amount of the conventional coupler needs to be changed, a corresponding coupling structure needs to be adjusted, for example, a quantity of windows, sizes of and a distance between the windows. In this case, it is difficult to realize functions of directional couplers with different coupling amounts. A coupling amount of a magic T coupler cannot be changed. The coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application is related only to the first included angle, and a required coupling amount can be obtained by rotating to a specific included angle. An adjustment manner is simple and easy to implement, and couplers with different coupling amounts may be integrated into one device.

[0097] Optionally, the communication apparatus in this application further includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, and different angle scales correspond to different coupling amounts. Alternatively, the communication apparatus in this application further includes scales of different coupling amounts. By way of example and not limitation, a 6 dB coupler is obtained by rotating to a location of 30 deg, and a 3 dB coupler is obtained by rotating to a location of 45 deg. Alternatively, the communication apparatus may include a corresponding scale of another coupling amount or another angle. In a live network, a required coupling amount is obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale of a coupling amount or an included scale.

[0098] Optionally, the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus, or may be preset in advance before delivery. A specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.

[0099] Optionally, if the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application is automatically adjusted, a possible adjustment manner is described below. First, the communication apparatus determines an energy ratio based on a preset coupling amount. The energy ratio includes an energy ratio of an input signal of a first port of the first orthogonal unit to an output signal of a fifth port of the second orthogonal unit, or an energy ratio of an input signal of a second port of the first orthogonal body to an output signal of a fifth port of the second orthogonal body. Then, the communication apparatus determines, based on the energy ratio, the first included angle obtained by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction. The first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit. Finally, the communication apparatus rotates the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, so that a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is the first included angle. In this case, the communication apparatus reaches the preset coupling amount.

[0100] In a possible implementation, a correspondence between the preset coupling amount Y, the energy ratio X, and the first included angle θ meets the following conditions:

and

where
Yi is a coupling amount of the input signal of the first port of the first orthogonal unit in the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; cosθ corresponds to an energy ratio Xi of the input signal of the first port of the first orthogonal unit to the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; Y₂ is a coupling amount of an input signal of a second port of the first orthogonal unit in the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit; and sinθ corresponds to an energy ratio X₂ of the input signal of the second port of the first orthogonal unit to the output signal of the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit.

[0101] It should be noted that the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this embodiment of this application may be correspondingly adjusted on a live network based on a specific situation. A specific coupling amount in this application is merely an example, and should not be construed as a limitation on this application.

[0102] It should be further noted that the foregoing embodiments merely use a power combination scenario of the communication apparatus in this application as an example, and should not limit the communication apparatus in this application. A person skilled in the art should understand that an application scenario of the communication apparatus in this application is not limited thereto, and is also applicable to a power allocation scenario. A working method of the communication apparatus in this scenario is similar to that in power combination scenario. Details are not described herein again.

[0103] It should be further noted that the first included angle may be described in a plurality of manners, for example, a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit, a relative included angle between two orthogonal units, an included angle between the short side of the common port #3 and the short side of the primary port, an included angle between an electric field direction in which the common port #3 enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction in which the primary port enters the first orthogonal unit, a first included angle between a third signal and a fifth signal in a first plane, a first included angle between a fourth signal and a sixth signal in a first plane, an included angle between an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the third port to the first port on the third port and an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the fifth port to the fourth port on the fourth port, and a first included angle between an eighth signal and a ninth signal in a first plane, which should be understood with specific meanings described. The foregoing descriptions all correspond to a same included angle, namely, the first included angle.

[0104] It should be understood that, in the communication apparatus in this application, a short side of a port is a side parallel to an electric field.

[0105] Optionally, in the foregoing calculation formula, the relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is used as an example for description, or another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description. For example, an actual rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is used for calculation, or an angle between an electric field direction in which the isolation port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction in which the secondary port enters the first orthogonal unit is used for calculation. This is not limited herein in this application. A manner for calculating other included angles is similar to that in the foregoing embodiment. Details are not described herein again.

[0106] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a structure of a wireless communication system 1000 according to this application. As shown in FIG. 10, the communication system includes an antenna 1001, a communication apparatus 1002, an outdoor unit 1003, and an outdoor unit 1004 in this application. In one aspect, the antenna receives an electromagnetic wave, converts the electromagnetic wave into a radio frequency signal, and inputs the radio frequency signal to the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus performs power allocation processing on the radio frequency signal according to a specific proportion, and sends a processed radio frequency signal to the outdoor unit 1003 and the outdoor unit 1004. In another aspect, radio frequency signals transmitted from the two outdoor units are input to the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus performs power combination processing on the radio frequency signals, couples a processed radio frequency signal according to a specific proportion, and sends a coupled radio frequency signal to the antenna. The antenna converts the coupled radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave for radiation into the air.

[0107] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simplified structure of a network device 1000. For ease of understanding and illustration, an example in which the network device is a base station is used in FIG. 10. The base station includes a processor 1010 and a transceiver 1020. The processor is mainly configured to: perform baseband processing, control the base station, and the like. The transceiver 1020 may be usually referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or the like. The processor 1010 is usually a control center of the base station, and may be usually referred to as a processing unit. The transceiver 1020 is mainly configured to: receive and transmit a radio frequency signal, and perform conversion between the radio frequency signal and a baseband signal.

[0108] The processor 1110 may include one or more boards 1111, and each board 1111 may include one or more processors 1113 and one or more memories 1112. The processor 1113 is configured to: read and execute a program in the memory, to implement a baseband processing function and control the base station. If there are a plurality of boards, the boards may be interconnected with each other, to enhance a processing capability. In an optional implementation, a plurality of boards may share one or more processors, a plurality of boards may share one or more memories, or a plurality of boards may simultaneously share one or more processors.

[0109] The transceiver 1120 includes an antenna 1121 and a radio frequency circuit 1122. The radio frequency circuit 1122 is mainly configured to perform radio frequency processing. Optionally, a device configured to implement a receiving function in the transceiver 1120 may be considered as a receiving unit, and a device configured to implement a sending function may be considered as a sending unit. In other words, the transceiver includes the receiving unit and the sending unit. The receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiving machine, a receiver, a receiving circuit, or the like. The sending unit may be referred to as a transmitter machine, a transmitter, a transmitting circuit, or the like.

[0110] It should be noted that the transceiver 1120 (for example, a radio frequency circuit in the transceiver) may include one or more communication apparatuses in this application.

[0111] It should be understood that, in embodiments of this application, numbers A, B, #1, #2, #3, first, second, and the like are introduced only to distinguish between different objects, for example, distinguish between different "signals", "common ports", "devices", or "units". An understanding of a specific object and a correspondence between different objects should be determined based on a function and internal logic of the object, and should not constitute any limitation on an implementation process of embodiments of this application.

[0112] It should also be understood that the term "and/or" in this specification describes only an association relationship for describing associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. In addition, a character "/" in this specification usually indicates that front and rear association objects are of an "or" relationship.

[0113] A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.

[0114] In embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the foregoing apparatus embodiments are merely examples. For example, division of the units is merely logical function division and may be other division during actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electrical, mechanical, or another form.

[0115] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objective of the solutions of embodiments.

[0116] In addition, functional units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0117] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication apparatus, comprising:

a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit, wherein a first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit, wherein

the first orthogonal unit is configured to process an input first signal and an input second signal into a third signal and a fourth signal that are orthogonal;

the second orthogonal unit is configured to process the third signal and the fourth signal into a fifth signal and a sixth signal that are orthogonal; and

the rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and the sixth signal in a first plane, wherein the first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end of the rotation unit to the second end of the rotation unit, and the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first orthogonal unit comprises:

a first port, configured to input the first signal;

a second port, configured to input the second signal; and

a third port, configured to output the third signal and the fourth signal to the first end of the rotation unit; and

the second orthogonal unit comprises:

a fourth port, configured to input the third signal and the fourth signal from the second end of the rotation unit; and

a fifth port, configured to output the fifth signal, wherein the fifth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle, wherein

the first included angle is an included angle between an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the first port to the third port on the third port and an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the fifth port to the fourth port on the fourth port.

3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the communication apparatus further comprises:
a sixth port, wherein the sixth port is configured to output the sixth signal, and the sixth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle.

4. The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein

the fifth signal comprises a first component and a third component, the first component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of the first included angle, and the third component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the first included angle; and

the sixth signal comprises a second component and a fourth component, the second component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of a second included angle, the fourth component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the second included angle, and the second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.

5. The communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a conversion relationship between the first included angle θ and a coupling amount Y of the communication apparatus meets the following conditions:

and

wherein
cosθ is an energy ratio of the first component in the third signal or an energy ratio of the fourth component in the fourth signal, Yi is a coupling amount of the first component in the third signal or a coupling amount of the fourth component in the fourth signal, sinθ is an energy ratio of the second component in the third signal or an energy ratio of the third component in the fourth signal, and Y₂ is a coupling amount of the second component in the third signal or a coupling amount of the third component in the fourth signal.

6. The communication apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg, and the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.

7. The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
the first orthogonal unit comprises an orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit comprises an orth-mode transducer OMT.

8. A communication apparatus, comprising:

a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit, wherein a first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit, wherein

the second orthogonal unit is configured to process an input seventh signal into an eighth signal, wherein the eighth signal is perpendicular to a first direction, and the first direction is a transmission direction in which the eighth signal is transmitted from the second end of the rotation unit to the first end of the rotation unit,

the first orthogonal unit is configured to process the eighth signal into a ninth signal and a tenth signal that are orthogonal; and

the rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the eighth signal and the ninth signal in a first plane, wherein the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, comprising the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit, wherein
the second orthogonal unit comprises:

a fifth port, configured to input the seventh signal; and

a fourth port, configured to output the eighth signal to the second end of the rotation unit; and

the first orthogonal unit comprises:

a third port, configured to input the eighth signal into the first end of the rotation unit;

a second port, configured to output the ninth signal, wherein the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle; and

a first port, configured to output the tenth signal, wherein the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle.

10. The communication apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a conversion relationship between the first included angle θ and a coupling amount Y of the communication apparatus meets the following conditions:

and

wherein
cosθ is an energy ratio of the tenth signal in the eighth signal, Yi is a coupling amount of the tenth signal in the eighth signal, sinθ is an energy ratio of the ninth signal in the eighth signal, and Y₂ is a coupling amount of the ninth signal in the eighth signal.

11. The communication apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg, and the first included angle θ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.

12. The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein

the first orthogonal unit comprises an orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit comprises an orth-mode transducer OMT.

the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit each comprise an orth-mode transducer OMT.

13. A communication system, comprising:

the communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and/or the communication apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the communication apparatus is configured to process a signal;

a first outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send a processed signal, wherein the first outdoor unit is connected to the first port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus;

a second outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, wherein the second outdoor unit is connected to the second port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus; and

an antenna, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, wherein the antenna is connected to the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus.

14. A network device, comprising:

a transceiver, configured to receive or send a signal, wherein the transceiver comprises the communication apparatus according to claims 1 to 7, and/or the communication apparatus according to claims 8 to 12, and the communication apparatus is configured to perform power combination or power allocation on the signal; and

a processor, configured to process the signal.

Drawing