Field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of the production of casting machines,
specifically machines for pressure casting ceramic materials or compounds in molds
which minimize the effort required of the operators on site. Even more advantageously,
the present invention relates to a machine which, by developing in height, allows
increasing production, save space and energy.
Prior art
[0002] In the industry linked to the production of ceramic sanitary ware (such as bathtubs,
toilets, bidets and the like), the most common production method is that in which
a fluid mixture (called slip composed of a watery part and a clay part, kept in suspension),
is poured into the appropriate casting molds, which are generally structures of porous
material.
[0003] These porous molds consist of at least two halves (of the male-female type), which,
when joined together or inserted into each other, give rise to an internal volume
from which the molded product acquires its shape.
[0004] These two or more parts of the mold comprise special systems with a different design,
corresponding to the type of product to be molded, and are assembled at least from
the following components:
- a frame which supports the various parts of the mold;
- positioning means by which the parts of the mold can be at least moved towards or
away from each other with the possibility of extracting the molded product from the
mold;
- feed devices with which the mixture is fed.
[0005] Among the known properties of porous resin molds, however, is a relatively high mechanical
strength, which allows the use of pressure methods, i.e. methods in which the slip
is fed into the mold and cured to the required thickness under high pressure (usually
between 3 and 15 bars).
[0006] At such high internal pressures, however, forces perpendicular to the casting surfaces
formed by the parts of the mold arise, and deformations of the mold become potentially
dangerous: consequently, these forces must be compensated for by suitable devices
which guarantee the containment thereof.
[0007] The technical evolutions have often concerned the method of distribution of the mixture
inside these molds, and at the same time the enhancement of the positioning means.
[0008] An example is provided by patent application
MXPA03008860 (A). The patent claims a mold machine comprising a pallet and two planes associated
with the pallet, each of which supports a respective half-mold; one of the two plates
can be moved along the pallet in the longitudinal direction, while the other incorporates
a tilting plate carrying the respective half-mold and can rotate around a horizontal
axis extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction. In this way, accessibility
to the half-molds and to the casting is improved, facilitating the operations of demolding
the raw products and transferring them to subsequent processing step, as well as the
mold change procedure.
[0009] Another example is provided by patent application
EP1043132A2. The patent claims an apparatus for die-casting sanitary appliances, comprising an
external frame; at least a block slidable within said frame comprising a male mold
part and a female mold part; a fixed part at the end of said frame provided with the
male part and a movable part of said frame being provided with the female mold part.
The entire apparatus is also provided with means for pushing the movable part in the
direction of the fixed part and systems for feeding the pressurized slip into the
cavities which form when both parts of the mold are positioned against each other.
[0010] These are just a few examples, which have been improved in turn; above all the last
mentioned patent has witnessed a longitudinal development of the same machines to
produce several pieces in series at the same time to the detriment of the increasingly
large occupation of the space reserved for the installation of the machinery.
[0011] One of the drawbacks that characterize all the machinery listed above is that relating
to the great physical effort required of the operators working near the machinery.
If on the one hand with the help of external trolleys it is possible to extract the
finished product, on the other hand the handling of the parts of the molds, which
can have a weight greater than 30 kg, up to now carried out by translation on an external
trolley, requires considerable strength and an effort of the sensitive parts of the
body, such as the back, causing many physical problems for the operator him/herself.
[0012] The object of the present patent application is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks,
proposing an innovative casting machine on one side developed in height, or by adopting
three cradles for molds, allowing to obtain, in a small space, a high production and
considerable energy savings, on the other comprising a weight zeroing movable surface,
which reduces to a minimum the physical efforts made by the operators in handling
the parts of the mold.
Description of the invention
[0013] According to the present invention, an innovative machine is provided for pressure
casting ceramic materials or compounds in molds which minimize the effort required
of the operators on site.
[0014] Even more advantageously, the invention develops in height with superimposed movable
parts in which to engage the molds, which allow producing a greater quantity of products
in a limited space; moreover, such casting machine is of the modular type allowing
installation, inside the premises of the companies, in series through special pins:
this factor, together with the development in height previously mentioned, allows
significantly increasing the production of the companies, while occupying the same
space and energy.
[0015] The invention is advantageously compatible with any material distribution system,
preferably ceramic and/or compounds. In particular it refers to materials such as:
- Techstone, i.e. materials of a very new conception, made up of a high percentage of
natural minerals and a low percentage of polymers;
- Porcelain stoneware;
- Vitreous china, i.e. white vitrified paste ceramic with high hardness and mechanical
resistance.
[0016] The sturdiness and stability of the invention is guaranteed by a frame, fixable to
the installation surface present in the company premises by means of special pins.
The frame is made up of a series of tubulars, fixed in such a way as to leave a free
part included between two lateral and in which the movable cradles and the weight
zeroing trolley are used. The frame, advantageously, with its structure protects and
contains all the mechanical and electrical components. Furthermore, said lateral panels
are internally provided with guides, which allow the movable cradles and the weight
zeroing trolley to move up and down.
[0017] All the mechanical movements, carried out by a system of gears and chains, of the
aforementioned components are guaranteed by a control panel; the same control panel
advantageously allows switching on and off the casting machine according to the present
patent application.
[0018] A plurality of molds are engageable to the above cradles, which are each formed by
a female part and a male part, which, when joined together or inserted into each other,
give rise to an internal volume from which the molded product acquires its shape.
[0019] The lower movable cradle is the component engaged between said lateral panels, precisely
in the lower part of the invention, which allows the engagement of at least one said
female part of the mold. The lower movable cradle is mobilized, during the casting
step, towards the intermediate movable cradle, placed above it, so as to allow the
closure of the female parts engaged with the respective male parts of the molds, the
latter, precisely engaged on the intermediate movable cradle. Advantageously, the
cradle can rotate, during the fixing step, in such a way as to bring the female parts
engaged from 0° to 180° with respect to the support plane of the invention, allowing
a homogeneous distribution of the ceramic or composite material used for the realization
of the product.
[0020] The upper movable cradle is also similar to it, also engaged within said lateral
panels and in the upper part of the invention, and allows the engagement of at least
a male part of the mold: in the same way it is mobilized, during the casting towards
the intermediate movable cradle allowing closure of the male part with the respective
female part of the mold, the latter engaged on said intermediate movable cradle; in
addition, like the lower movable cradle, the upper movable cradle also rotates, during
the fixing step, bringing the engaged male parts from 0° to 180° with respect to the
support plane of the invention, allowing a homogeneous distribution of the ceramic
material or compound used for the realization of the product and/or its cleaning.
Consequently, it follows that the aforementioned intermediate movable cradle is a
component, also movable, positioned between the lower movable cradle and the upper
one within the space of the two lateral panels. Advantageously, the intermediate movable
cradle allows at the same time the engagement, on the lower surface, of several male
parts corresponding to the female parts engaged on the lower movable cradle, and the
engagement, on the upper surface, of female parts corresponding to the male parts
engaged on the upper movable cradle. The intermediate movable cradle can be mobilized
during the casting step, both towards the lower and the upper movable cradle, so as
to allow the closure of the female parts and the corresponding male parts.
[0021] The invention is completed by a weight zeroing trolley, positioned between said lateral
panels, in front of the previously described movable cradles, in such a way that its
rear part is perfectly aligned with the front limit switches of the same cradles,
avoiding any collisions between the components. Advantageously, the weight zeroing
trolley is mobilized, through upward/downward movements along guides and allows, when
it is aligned with at least one of the movable cradles, the removal, without physical
effort, of the mold components by an operator: once these parts have been loaded on
the weight zeroing trolley, it can be raised and/or lowered, according to the needs,
so as to allow a mold change and/or cleaning operations.
[0022] Electricity is supplied by a supply system adapted for feeding all components of
the machine. In one of the preferred embodiments, the invention may comprise a Raspberry
Pi computer, engaged and electrically connected to the control panel, which allows
connecting the present invention with local area networks, wireless networks, Bluetooth
connections and/or external devices: in this way, it is also possible, via network,
to connect the casting machine to a remotely positioned PLC, which can mobilize the
previously described components, increasing the safety of the operators.
[0023] Furthermore, the machine for casting ceramic materials and compounds with weight
zeroing apparatus can be implemented with mechanical arms, which, engaged on the surface
of the frame and electrically connected to the control panel, can mimic the loading
movement on the weight zeroing trolley of the female parts and male parts usually
carried out by operators. Even more advantageously, the mechanical arms can regulate
and control the correct sealing of the parts of the mold during the casting step and
carry out a correct and safe removal of the finished product.
[0024] In one of the preferred embodiments, the invention can comprise electric gates, engaged
at the front and/or rear of the frame and mobilized, after the casting step, by the
control panel and/or PLC, so as to give off heat towards the movable cradles, considerably
improving the time necessary for drying the product. In addition, temperature sensors
can be engaged on the surface of the frame, connected to the control panel, which
monitor the temperature present in the installation area and the temperature generated
by the already described electric gates, in such a way as to allow safe and effective
monitoring for the realization of the product.
[0025] The advantages offered by the present invention are clear in the light of the above
description and will be even clearer from the accompanying figures and the related
detailed description.
Description of the figures
[0026] The invention will hereinafter be described in at least a preferred embodiment thereof
by way of non-limiting example with the aid of the accompanying figures, in which:
- FIGURE 1 shows a front view of a machine 100 for casting ceramic materials and compounds
with weight zeroing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present patent application;
- FIGURE 2 illustrates a side perspective view of a machine 100 for casting ceramic
materials and compounds with weight zeroing apparatus according to an embodiment of
the present patent application.
Detailed description of the invention
[0027] The present invention will now be described purely by way of non-limiting or binding
example with the aid of the figures, which illustrate some embodiments relative to
the present inventive concept.
[0028] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the components of a machine 100 for casting ceramic
materials and compounds with weight zeroing apparatus according to the present invention
is shown, which, developing in height through the application of several overlapping
movable cradles 13-14-15, considerably increases the production properties while occupying
a small space; furthermore, the machine 100 for casting ceramic materials and compounds
with weight zeroing apparatus, by virtue of the presence of a zeroing trolley 12,
reduces to a minimum the physical effort required of the operators on site for mobilizing
the parts 19-19' of the molds. In particular, FIG. 1 shows a front view of the components
constituting the machine 100 according to the present invention; FIG. 2 shows, through
a lateral elevation, clarifying for the positioning, all the components of the machine
100 for casting ceramic materials and compounds with weight zeroing apparatus.
[0029] The invention comprises a frame 10, formed by a plurality of tubular elements joined
together in such a way as to make the invention stable and safe and has a free central
part comprised within two lateral panels 21-21'; moreover, the frame 10 contains and
protects all the mechanical and electrical components. The lateral panels 21-21' are
provided with guides 16 which allow the movable cradles 13-14-15 to move upwards and/or
downwards.
[0030] On the surface of the frame 10, in particular near the lateral panel, there is a
control panel 11, which allows the invention to be switched on/off; moreover, this
control panel allows all the mechanical movements of said movable cradles 13-14-15,
through a system of gears and chains 20.
[0031] The invention requires a plurality of molds, which are each formed by a female part
19' and a male part 19, which, when joined together or inserted into each other, give
rise to an internal volume from which the molded product acquires its shape. These
parts 19'-19 are coupled engaged on said movable cradles 13-14-15. Specifically, the
invention comprises a lower movable cradle 15, engaged between said lateral panels
21-21', which allows eight female parts 19' of the mold to engage in the upper surface
15'. The same lower movable cradle 15 is mobilized, during the casting step, towards
the intermediate movable cradle 14 allowing the closure of the eight female parts
19' with the respective eight male parts 19 of the mold, engaged in the lower part
14" of the intermediate movable cradle 14. Furthermore, the lower movable cradle 15
can be mobilized in such a way as to rotate, during the fixing step, said female parts
19' of the mold from 0° to 180° with respect to the support plane of the invention,
allowing a homogeneous distribution of the ceramic or composite material used for
the realization of the product.
[0032] Likewise, an upper movable cradle 13, also engaged between said lateral panels 21-21',
in turn allows the engagement, in the lower surface 13', of eight male parts 19 of
the mold. Also the upper movable cradle 13 is mobilized, during the casting step,
towards the intermediate movable cradle 14 allowing the closure of the eight male
parts 19 with the respective eight female parts 19' of the mold, engaged in the upper
part 14" of the intermediate movable cradle 14. Also the upper movable cradle can
rotate, during the fixing step, the previously engaged male parts 19 of the mold,
from 0° to 180° with respect to the support plane of the invention, allowing a homogeneous
distribution of the ceramic or composite material used for the realization of the
product. Finally, the upper movable cradle 13 is realized with movable brackets 17
present in a number of at least four for each installed male part 19 and mounted in
the upper surface of said upper movable cradle 13: the movable brackets 17 not only
improve the closing of said mold, but exert a balanced unloading, on four different
points, when material is introduced inside the mold, avoiding the breakage thereof;
the movable brackets 17 are adjustable according to the size of the molds and are
reinforced by a diagonal reinforcing plate, so as to support heavy loads.
[0033] Said intermediate movable cradle 14 is engaged between said lateral panels 21-21'
and in a median position between the lower movable cradle 15 and the upper movable
cradle 13; also the intermediate movable cradle 14 is mobilized during the casting
step, towards the lower movable cradle 15 and/or the upper movable cradle 13 so as
to allow the closure of the female parts 19' and the corresponding male parts 19.
[0034] The invention is completed by a weight zeroing trolley 12, engaged between said lateral
panels 21-21' and positioned in front of the movable cradles 13-14-15, so that its
rear part 12' is perfectly aligned with the front limit switches of said movable cradles
13-14-15. The weight zeroing trolley 12, by moving up/down along the guides 16 controlled
by the control panel 11, allows, when aligned with at least one of the movable cradles
13-14-15, the removal, without physical effort, of the female parts 19' and male parts
19 by an operator. Subsequently, the weight zeroing trolley 12 raises and/or lowers
the parts 19'-19 of the mold previously loaded thereon, so as to allow a mold change
and/or cleaning operations.
[0035] Finally, it is clear that modifications, additions or variants may be made to the
invention described thus far which are apparent to those skilled in the art, without
departing from the scope of protection that is provided by the appended claims.
1. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus adapted for reducing to a minimum the physical effort required to operators
on site, the machine (100) extending vertically, allowing to increase production,
and saving both space and energy, the machine (100) being
characterized in that it comprises:
- at least a frame (10), including a plurality of tubular elements assembled together
in such a way as to ensure stability and safety of the invention, and presenting a
central free space enclosed between two lateral panels (21-21'); wherein, said frame
(10) is configured to contain and protect all electric and mechanical components;
wherein, said lateral panels (21-21') are provided with guides (16) allowing an upward
and/or downward movement of movable cradles (13-14-15); wherein said frame (10) is
adapted for being fastened to an installation surface by means of corresponding pins;
- at least a control panel (11), which is engaged on the surface of said frame (10)
near at least one of said lateral panels (21-21'), for turning on or off the machine;
wherein said control panel (11) is configured to permit the mechanical movements of
said movable cradles (13-14-15) through a system of gears and chains (20);
- a plurality of molds, each of which is formed by a female part (19') and a male
part (19), which, when joined together or inserted into each other, give rise to an
internal volume from which the molded product acquires its shape;
- at least a lower movable cradle (15), engaged between said lateral panels (21-21'),
adapted to receive on its upper surface (15') at least one of said female parts (19')
of a mold; wherein said lower movable cradle (15) is configured to be moved during
casting towards an intermediate movable cradle (14), so as to allow closing of said
female part (19') with the respective male part (19) of the mold, the latter part
being engaged on said intermediate movable cradle (14); wherein said lower movable
cradle (15) is adapted for being actuated in order to rotate, in the fastening step,
said female part (19') of the mold from 0° to 180° with respect to the rest plane
of the machine, thereby allowing uniform distribution of the ceramic material or of
the compound used for the realization of the product;
- at least an upper movable cradle (13), engaged between said lateral panels (21-21'),
adapted to receive in its lower surface (13') at least one of said male parts (19)
of the mold; wherein said upper movable be or cradle (13) is configured to be moved
during casting towards said intermediate movable cradle (14), so as to allow closing
of said male part (19) with the corresponding female part (19') of the mold, the latter
part being engaged on said intermediate movable cradle (14); wherein said upper movable
cradle (13) is adapted for moving in order to rotate, in the fastening step, said
male part (19) of the mold from 0° to 180° with respect to the rest plane of the invention,
thereby allowing uniform distribution of the ceramic material or of the compound used
for the realization of the product;
- at least an intermediate movable cradle (14), engaged between said lateral panels
(21-21') and arranged between said lower movable cradle (15) and said upper movable
cradle (13); wherein said intermediate movable cradle (14) is adapted to receive in
its lower surface (14') at least a male part (19) corresponding to said female part
(19'), the latter being engaged on the lower movable cradle (15); wherein said intermediate
movable cradle (14) is adapted to receive in its upper surface (14") at least a female
part (19') corresponding to said male part (19), the latter being engaged on the upper
movable cradle (13); wherein said intermediate movable cradle (14) is adapted for
being moved during the casting step towards said lower movable cradle (15) and/or
said upper movable cradle (13), thus allowing to close said female parts (19') with
the corresponding male parts (19);
- at least a weight zeroing trolley (12), engaged between said lateral panels (21-21')
and arranged anteriorly to said movable cradles (13-14-15), in such a way that its
rear part (12') is exactly aligned with the front ends of said movable cradles (13-14-15);
wherein said weight zeroing trolley (12) can be actuated, using said control panel
(11), to perform upward/downward movements along said guides (16); wherein said weight
zeroing trolley (12) can be used, without physical effort by an operator, to remove
said female parts (19') and said male parts (19), when it is aligned with at least
one of said movable cradles (13-14-15); wherein, said weight zeroing trolley (12)
is adapted for lifting and/or lowering said female parts (19') and said male parts
(19) previously loaded thereon, in such a way as to permit a mold replacement and/or
cleaning operations;
- a feeding system adapted for feeding all components of the machine.
2. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a Raspberry Pi computer, engaged and electrically connected with said
control panel (11); wherein, said Raspberry Pi computer is adapted for allowing to
connect the present invention to local networks, wireless networks, Bluetooth connections
and/or external devices.
3. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is connected through a network to a remotely positioned PLC (programmable logic
controller), wherein said PLC is configured to move components in such a way as to
increase the operators' safety.
4. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises mechanical arms engaged on said frame (10) and electrically connected
with said control panel (11), which mimic the loading movements on said weight zeroing
trolley (12) of said female parts (19') and said male parts (19), performed by the
operators; wherein said mechanical arms are adapted for adjusting and controlling
the correct seal of said female parts (19') and said male parts (19) during casting;
wherein said mechanical arms are adapted for performing a proper and safe picking/removal
of the finished product.
5. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is compatible with distribution plants of ceramic materials and compounds.
6. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is modular thanks to appropriate pins allowing to arrange side by side a set formed
by several of said machines (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including
a weight zeroing apparatus.
7. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises electrically actuated gates mounted anteriorly and posteriorly on said
frame (10), moved after said casting step by said control panel (11) and/or said PLC,
and which are adapted to emit heat towards said movable cradles (13-14-15), so as
to considerably reduce the time required for drying the product.
8. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises temperature sensors connected to said control panel (11) and installed
on the surface of said frame (10), which monitor the temperature in the installation
area and the temperature generated by said electrical gates, so as to ensure a safe
and effective monitoring for the product realization.
9. A machine (100) for casting ceramic materials and compounds, including a weight zeroing
apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said upper movable cradle (13) is realized with movable brackets (17) present in
a number of at least four for each of said installed male parts (19) and mounted in
the upper surface of said upper movable cradle (13); wherein said movable brackets
(17) are adapted for improving the closing of said mold and for exerting a balanced
stress relief at four different points when a material is introduced into said mold,
thus avoiding breakage of the mold; wherein said movable brackets (17) are adjustable
according to the size of said mold and are reinforced by a diagonal reinforcement
plate or sheet metal, in such a way to withstand heavy loads.