BACKGROUND
[0001] The invention relates to a wall structure comprising panels arranged on top of one
another and side by side.
[0002] A problem with known wall structures comprising panels fixed to a support structure
supporting the wall, such as steel structures or composite columns, is that heavy
and long bolts extending over the thickness of the panel are needed. The structure
is prone to cause bending forces to the bolts. Sometimes this may cause that panels
settle or even collapse. The bending forces focusing to the bolts are significant
especially when panels arranged side by side are fixed with a bolt plate held in place
by a single bolt that is attached between the panels through a vertical panel seam,
i.e. in this case the bolt is not penetrating the panel surface itself. Ongoing tendency
towards increasing panel thicknesses is intensifying the problem.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0003] Viewed from a first aspect, there can be provided a wall structure comprising
- composite panels arranged on top of one another and side by side so that there is
- a vertical panel seam between the composite panels side by side, the vertical panel
seam having a first width, and
- a horizontal panel seam between the composite panels arranged on top of one another,
the wall structure further comprising:
- a wall support structure arranged for carrying at least part of the weight of the
composite panels, and
- a support element arranged for transmitting at least part of the weight of the composite
panel to the wall support structure, wherein the support element comprises
-- a first attachment part attached to the wall support structure and having a second width not more than the first width,
-- a second attachment part attached to an outer surface of the composite panel and having width more than the
first width, and
-- a shaft part connecting the first attachment part to the second attachment part and having fourth
width not more than the first width (w1), wherein
- the shaft part is arranged in the vertical panel seam such that it extends diagonally
downwards from the first attachment part to the second attachment part.
[0004] Thereby a wall structure where at least most of the weight of the panels is transferred
through the support structure to the wall support structure so that bending forces
exerting to fastening means, such as bolts, extending through the thickness of the
composite panel may be limited or even eliminated.
[0005] The wall structure is characterised by what is stated in the independent claim. Some
other embodiments are characterised by what is stated in the other claims. Inventive
embodiments are also disclosed in the specification and drawings of this patent application.
The inventive content of the patent application may also be defined in other ways
than defined in the following claims. The inventive content may also be formed of
several separate inventions, especially if the invention is examined in the light
of expressed or implicit subtasks or in view of obtained benefits or benefit groups.
Some of the definitions contained in the following claims may then be unnecessary
in view of the separate inventive ideas. Features of the different embodiments of
the invention may, within the scope of the basic inventive idea, be applied to other
embodiments.
[0006] In one embodiment, the second attachment part is attached to an upper half of the
composite panel, such as to an upper edge area of the composite panel.
[0007] An advantage is that the first attachment part placed diagonally upwards from the
second attachment part can be attached to the wall support structure prior to the
panels above are attached, thus there is much room and good visibility to do the attachment
work.
[0008] In one embodiment, the first attachment part comprises a mounting hole.
[0009] An advantage is that a simple attachment of the support element, optionally detachable
attachment, may be achieved.
[0010] In one embodiment, the second attachment part is attached to two composite panels
having the vertical panel seam therebetween.
[0011] An advantage is that a balanced attachment of the support element may be achieved,
and the number of the support elements may be reduced.
[0012] In one embodiment, the wall support structure comprises connection points arranged
on top of one another, and the first attachment part is attached to one of the connection
points.
[0013] An advantage is that building of the wall structure may be simplified, and the connection
points may be provided with threads to enable even more easy assembly.
[0014] In one embodiment, a second attachment hole is arranged in the second attachment
part, said hole being aligned with the shaft part, and a second fastening means is
arranged through the second attachment hole, said second fastening means extending
in the vertical panel seam to the wall support structure and fastened thereto.
[0015] An advantage is that loosening of the panel from the wall support structure due to
e.g. suction effects caused by wind may be limited or completely prevented.
[0016] In one embodiment, the wall support structure comprises connection points arranged
on top of one another, the first attachment part is attached to one of the connection
points, and the second fastening means is attached to another connection point arranged
below the connection point to which the first attachment part is fastened.
[0017] An advantage is that an easily built and firm wall structure may be achieved.
[0018] In one embodiment, the wall support structure comprises columns, such as concrete
columns, steel columns or composite columns, and at least one of said columns is carrying
least part of the weight of the composite panels.
[0019] An advantage is that a simple and low-capex wall structure may be achieved.
[0020] In one embodiment, the composite panel comprises a first face skin of sheet metal,
a second face skin of sheet metal, and a core arranged between the first face skin
and the second face skin.
[0021] An advantage is that a light, durable and insulating wall support structure may be
achieved.
[0022] In one embodiment, the core is of foamed polyurethane.
[0023] An advantage is that a panel having good thermal insulation properties may be achieved.
[0024] In one embodiment, the core is of polyisocyanurate.
[0025] An advantage is that a panel having good thermal insulation properties and excellent
fire behaviour may be achieved.
[0026] In one embodiment, the core is of mineral wool.
[0027] An advantage is that a panel having good thermal insulation properties and excellent
fire behaviour may be achieved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0028] Some embodiments illustrating the present disclosure are described in more detail
in the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a wall structure in partial cross-section,
Figure 2 is a schematic front view of the wall structure shown in Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a schematic front view of a wall structure, and
Figure 4 is a schematic view of a detail of a wall structure.
[0029] In the figures, some embodiments are shown simplified for the sake of clarity. Similar
parts are marked with the same reference numbers in the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a wall structure in partial cross-section, and
Figure 2 is a schematic front view of the wall structure shown in Figure 1.
[0031] The wall structure 100 comprises plurality of composite panels 1 that are arranged
on top of one another and side by side. Thus, there is at least one vertical panel
seam 2 between the composite panels side by side. The vertical panel seam has a first
width w1. This means that said panels are not arranged in contact but there is said
first width w1 therebetween. In one embodiment, the width w1 is 20 mm to 50 mm, preferably
30 mm to 40 mm.
[0032] Furthermore, there is at least one horizontal panel seam 3 between the composite
panels arranged on top of one another. In the horizontal panel seam 3, the panels
may be arranged in contact with each other. In one embodiment, a seal or weather strip
(not shown) may be arranged in the horizontal panel seam.
[0033] In one embodiment, the composite panel 1 comprises a first face skin 15 of sheet
metal, a second face skin 16 of sheet metal, and a core 17 arranged between the first
face skin and the second face skin.
[0034] In one embodiment, the face skins are made of steel.
[0035] In one embodiment, the face skins are made of aluminum.
[0036] The thickness of the first face skin and the second face skin is typically less than
1 mm, preferably 0,4 mm - 0,7 mm. The total thickness of the composite panel 1 may
be e.g. 100 mm - 230 mm.
[0037] In one embodiment, the core 17 is of foamed polyurethane (PUR) .
[0038] In one embodiment, the core 17 is of foamed polyisocyanurate (PIR).
[0039] In one embodiment, the core 17 is of mineral wool.
[0040] In one embodiment, the wall structure 100 may be a part of façade or a partition
wall. The composite panel 1 may thus be a façade cladding panel element or a partition
wall panel element.
[0041] The wall structure 100 further comprises at least one wall support structure 4, typically
plurality of wall support structures, that are arranged for carrying at least part
of the weight of the composite panels 1.
[0042] In one embodiment, the wall support structure 4 is a column or pillar, such as a
concrete column, a steel column or a composite column. In one embodiment, the wall
support structure 4 comprises a concrete wall.
[0043] The wall structure 100 further comprises at least one support element 5. The support
element 5 transmits at least part of the weight of the composite panel 1 to the wall
support structure 4. The support element 5 comprises a first attachment part 6 that
is attached to the wall support structure 4. The maximum width of the first attachment
part 6 is a second width w2 that is not more than the first width w1.
[0044] The support element 5 further comprises a second attachment part 7 attached to an
outer surface of the composite panel 1, by e.g. fastening means 10, such as one or
more screw(s). The second attachment part 7 has a width w3 that is more than the first
width w1. Said outer surface is the surface is situated away from the wall support
structure 4.
[0045] The support element 5 still further comprises a shaft part 8 connecting the first
attachment part 6 to the second attachment part 7. The shaft part 8 has a maximum
width, i.e. a fourth width w4, that is not more than the first width w1. The shaft
part 8, as well as the first attachment part, is arranged in the vertical panel seam
2 such that it extends diagonally downwards from the first attachment part 6 to the
second attachment part 7.
[0046] In one embodiment, all the parts of the support element 5, i.e. the first attachment
part 6, the second attachment part 7 and the shaft part 8 are made of one or more
metal plates, such as steel plates. In another embodiment, the support element 5 is
a molded element.
[0047] In one embodiment, the angle of the diagonal shaft part 8 in relation to the first
attachment part 6 is selected in range of 30° - 80°, preferably 40° - 70°. The angle
depends on e.g. the panel thickness. In one embodiment where the panel thickness is
230 mm, the angle may be 65°, for instance. The angle of the diagonal shaft part 8
in relation to the second attachment part 7 is at least substantially same as the
angle between the shaft part 8 and the first attachment part 6.
[0048] In one embodiment, the second attachment part 7 is attached to an upper half of the
composite panel 1. In one embodiment, such as shown in Figure 1, the second attachment
part 7 is attached to an upper edge area of the composite panel 1. In one embodiment,
such as shown in the Figures, the second attachment part 7 is attached to two composite
panels 1 having the vertical panel seam 2 therebetween.
[0049] According to an idea, the second attachment part 7 has two functional tasks: firstly,
it transmits at least part of the weight of the panel to the wall support structure
4 via the shaft part 8 and the first attachment part 6, and secondly, it prevents
together with a second fastening means 12 the panel 1 from loosening or coming off
from the wall support structure 4 due to a suction effect caused by wind. Said second
fastening means 12 may comprise e.g. a bolt arranged through a second attachment hole
11 and extending in the vertical panel seam 2 to a threaded hole 14 in the wall support
structure 4. The second fastening means 12 carries mainly horizontally affecting forces
caused by suction effects of wind, but not the weight of the composite panel (s) that
would cause bending forces thereto. Thus, the second fastening means may have a light
structure.
[0050] The second attachment hole 11 is arranged in the second attachment part 7 and aligned
with the shaft part 8 as shown in Figure 2. The second fastening means 12 extends
in the vertical panel seam 2 to the wall support structure 4 and fastened thereto.
In one embodiment, the second fastening means 12 is attached or fixed to one of connection
points 13 arranged in the wall support structure. The connection point 13 may comprise
a sleeve-like or bush-like shape, for instance.
[0051] In one embodiment, the second attachment hole 11 has an elongated shape as shown
in Figure 2. The elongated shape may help in matching the second fastening means 12
to the second attachment hole.
[0052] In one embodiment, the lower part of the composite panel 1 is attached to the wall
support structure 4 with a third fastening means 18 and a support plate 20. The third
fastening means 18 is arranged in the vertical panel seam 2 and the support plate
20 is preferably attached to the composite panel 1 by fastening means 10, such as
screws. In one embodiment, the support plate 20 is attached to two composite panels
1 having the vertical panel seam 2 therebetween.
[0053] In one embodiment, such as shown in Figure 1, the third fastening means comprises
a stud bolt that is attached permanently or removably to a connection point 13. Said
connection point 13 is one of plurality of the connection points arranged on top of
one another in the wall support structure 4.
[0054] The third fastening means 18 may have a light structure since it is not carrying
the weight of the composite panel (s), at least not much. The weight of the composite
panel(s) is carried by the support element(s) 5. The third fastening means 18 carries
mainly horizontally affecting forces caused by suction effects of wind.
[0055] In one embodiment, also the support element 5 is attached to one of the connection
points 13 by the first attachment part 6. In one embodiment, such as shown in the
Figures, the first attachment part 6 comprises a mounting hole 9 that is arranged
on the third fastening means 18 and fixed to the connection point 13 by a nut 19.
[0056] In one embodiment, the connection point 13 comprises an inner thread, and the third
fastening means 18 (as well as the second fastening means 12) comprises an external
thread that fits to the thread in the connection point 13. The first attachment part
6 having the mounting hole 9 can be arranged on the third fastening means 18 and fixed
to the connection point 13 by a nut 19 that match with said external thread. In one
embodiment, the second and the third fastening means 12, 18 having the external thread
are fully threaded rods.
[0057] In one embodiment, the connection point 13 comprises an external thread (not shown),
i.e. it may be a threaded rod, for instance. The first attachment part 6 having the
mounting hole 9 is fixed to the wall support structure 4 by a socket (not shown) comprising
an inner thread that is screwed on the connection point 13. The socket has an excess
length of the inner thread not occupied by the external thread of the connection point.
The second and the third fastening means 12, 18 may then be fixed to said socket.
[0058] In one embodiment, such as shown in Figure 1, the first attachment part 6 is attached
to one of the connection points 13, and the second fastening means 12 is attached
to another connection point 13 arranged below said connection point 13 to which the
first attachment part 6 is fastened.
[0059] Figure 3 is a schematic front view of a wall structure. In one embodiment, the support plates
20 alternate with the second attachment parts 7 on the vertical panel seam 2. In one
embodiment, such as shown in Figure 3, the support plates 20 have different dimensions
as the second attachment parts 7. However, this is not always necessary, i.e. the
support plates and the second attachment parts may have identical dimensions. Furthermore,
the shapes of the support plates and the second attachment parts are not necessarily
quadrangular.
[0060] In another embodiment, the connection point 13 to which the second fastening means
12 is fastened serves also as the connection point of the first attachment part of
another support element (not shown) arranged below the support element. In other words,
the third fastening means 18 of a lower arranged support element may also attach the
second attachment part 7 of a higher arranged support element to the wall support
structure 4. In this embodiment, the second attachment part 7 functions as the support
plate 20 of the composite panel below.
[0061] In one embodiment, there may be sections, e.g. near the bottom or top of the wall
structure 100, where two or more support elements 5 are installed in succession.
[0062] Figure 4 is a schematic view of a detail of a wall structure. In one embodiment, lateral edges
of the second attachment part 7 and/or of the flat attachment element 20 are bent
or shaped such that said edges are lifted from the surface of the panel 1. This enables
e.g. installation of a suitably shaped cover element 21, which may be slid over the
vertical panel seam 2.
[0063] The invention is not limited solely to the embodiments described above, but instead
many variations are possible within the scope of the inventive concept defined by
the claims below. Within the scope of the inventive concept the attributes of different
embodiments and applications can be used in conjunction with or replace the attributes
of another embodiment or application.
[0064] The drawings and the related description are only intended to illustrate the idea
of the invention. The invention may vary in detail within the scope of the inventive
idea defined in the following claims.
REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0065]
- 1
- composite panel
- 2
- vertical panel seam
- 3
- horizontal panel seam
- 4
- wall support structure
- 5
- support element
- 6
- first attachment part
- 7
- second attachment part
- 8
- shaft part
- 9
- mounting hole
- 10
- fastening means
- 11
- second attachment hole
- 12
- second fastening means
- 13
- connection point
- 14
- threaded hole
- 15
- first face skin
- 16
- second face skin
- 17
- core
- 18
- third fastening means
- 19
- nut
- 20
- support plate
- 21
- cover element
- 100
- wall structure
- w
- width
1. A wall structure (100), comprising
- composite panels (1) arranged on top of one another and side by side so that there
is
- a vertical panel seam (2) between the composite panels side by side, the vertical
panel seam having a first width (w1), and
- a horizontal panel seam (3) between the composite panels arranged on top of one
another, the wall structure further comprising:
- a wall support structure (4) arranged for carrying at least part of the weight of
the composite panels, and
- a support element (5) arranged for transmitting at least part of the weight of the
composite panel to the wall support structure (4), wherein the support element (5)
comprises
-- a first attachment part (6) attached to the wall support structure (4) and having
a second width (w2) not more than the first width (w1),
-- a second attachment part (7) attached to an outer surface of the composite panel
(1) and having width (w3) more than the first width (w1), and
-- a shaft part (8) connecting the first attachment part (6) to the second attachment
part (7) and having fourth width (w4) not more than the first width (w1), wherein
- the shaft part (8) is arranged in the vertical panel seam (2) such that it extends
diagonally downwards from the first attachment part (6) to the second attachment part
(7).
2. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein
- the second attachment part (7) is attached to an upper half of the composite panel
(1).
3. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein
- the second attachment part (7) is attached to an upper edge area of the composite
panel (1), preferably to an upper half of the panel (1).
4. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the first attachment part (6) comprises a mounting hole (9).
5. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the second attachment part (7) is attached to two composite panels (1) having the
vertical panel seam (2) therebetween.
6. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the second attachment part (7) is attached to the composite panel (1) by at least
one fastening means (10), such as a screw.
7. The wall structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the wall support structure (4) comprises connection points (13) arranged on top
of one another, and
- the first attachment part (6) is attached to one of the connection points (13).
8. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising
- a second attachment hole (11) arranged in the second attachment part (7) and aligned
with the shaft part (8), and
- a second fastening means (12) arranged through the second attachment hole (11) and
extending in the vertical panel seam (2) to the wall support structure (4) and fastened
thereto.
9. The wall structure according to claim 8, wherein
- the wall support structure (4) comprises connection points (13) arranged on top
of one another,
- the first attachment part (6) is attached to one of the connection points (13),
and
- the second fastening means (12) is attached to another connection point (13) arranged
below the connection point (13) to which the first attachment part (6) is fastened.
10. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising
- columns (14), such as concrete columns or steel columns, and
- at least one of said columns (14) is carrying least part of the weight of the composite
panels (1).
11. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the composite panel (1) comprises a first face skin (15) of sheet metal, a second
face skin (16) of sheet metal, and a core (17) arranged between the first face skin
and the second face skin.
12. The wall structure according to claim 11, wherein
- the core (17) is of foamed polyurethane.
13. The wall structure according to claim 11, wherein
- the core (17) is of polyisocyanurate (PIR).
14. The wall structure according to claim 11, wherein
- the core (17) is of mineral wool.
15. The wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the composite panel (1) is a façade cladding panel element, or a partition wall
panel element.