FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent
composition. The composition of the present invention comprises a detersive surfactant,
a specific iron-based bleach catalyst and a sulfite-based bleach. The composition
of the present invention provides good cleaning performance, especially good cleaning
against curry stains.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The consumer perception of laundry detergent powders is that they deliver superior
cleaning performance compared to other laundry detergent product forms, such as laundry
detergent liquids and laundry detergent pouches. To this end, the cleaning performance
of the laundry detergent powder needs to be very good. One way to ensure that the
cleaning performance of the laundry detergent powder is very good, is to ensure that
the stain removal performance of the product is very good. Tough stains to remove
include curry stains and ink stains. Not only does a good stain removal performance
important to the overall cleaning performance, but it is also one of the predominant
signals to the consumer that the product has a good cleaning performance. A detergent
powder that can remove curry stains and ink stains well, drives acceptance with the
consumer that the overall cleaning performance of the laundry detergent powder is
good.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need to provide a laundry detergent powder that provides a
good cleaning performance and provides a good signal to the consumer that the cleaning
performance is good, such as by having very good stain removal performance against
curry stains and ink stains.
[0004] One of the best bleaches to remove ink stains is a sufite based bleach. Sulfite-based
bleaches are reducing bleaches. Their use in laundry detergent powders is extremely
limited because they tend to be incompatible with other bleach systems, such as peroxygen-based
bleach that is more widely used in laundry detergent powders.
[0005] Incorporating a sulfite-based bleach in a laundry detergent system is not straightforward
or simple to do, and its compatibility with ingredients, especially bleach ingredients
will need to be carefully considered. This is unfortunate as it is typically the other
bleach ingredients that also provide good stain removal performance against these
so called "hero" stains like curry stains that provide a strong signal to the consumer,
and therefore drive consumer acceptance, that the laundry detergent powder has a good
overall cleaning performance.
[0006] FeONIX and FeONIX-A are new and emerging bleach ingredients that are iron-based bleach
catalysts. They are of particular importance to detergent manufacturers in that they
provide exceptional curry stain removal performance, which is a "hero" stain and provides
a strong signal as well as driving consumer acceptance that the laundry detergent
powder has good overall cleaning performance.
[0007] The inventors have surprisingly found that these new iron-based bleach catalysts,
FeONIX and FeONIX-A, are compatible with sulfite bleach, and that the combination
of these iron-based bleach catalysts and sulfite-based bleach provide good stain removal
performance against both curry stains and ink stains. This combination provides a
very strong and powerful signal to the consumer that the laundry detergent powder
has exceptional overall cleaning performance. Usually, it would be expected that the
iron-based bleach catalyst would impair the performance of the sulfite-based bleach,
and that the sulfite-based bleach would impair the performance of the iron-based catalyst.
It was unexpected and a surprise that this combination of technologies was compatible
with each other and could drive stain removal performance against two of the "hero"
stains.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent
composition, wherein the composition comprises:
- (a) detersive surfactant;
- (b) iron-based bleach catalyst having the following structure:

and
- (c) sulfite-based reducing bleach.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition. The composition is a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition.
The composition comprises:
- 1. A solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition, wherein the composition
comprises:
- (a) detersive surfactant;
- (b) iron-based bleach catalyst having the following structure:

and
- (c) sulfite-based reducing bleach.
[0010] The composition may have an equilibrium pH at 20°C at a concentration of 1g/l in
deionized water of 10.0 or less, preferably less than 10.0, or less than 9.5, or less
than 9.0, or less than 8.5, preferably from 6.0 to 10.0, or from 6.0 to 9.5, or from
6.0 to 9.0, or from 6.0 to 8.5.
[0011] The composition may have an equilibrium pH at 20°C at a concentration of 1g/l in
deionized water of 10.0, or more than 10.0, preferably more than 10.5, or even more
than 11.0, preferably from 10.0 to 12.0, or from 10.5 to 12.0, or from 10.5 to 11.5.
[0012] The composition may be substantially free of sodium carbonate. By "substantially
free" it is typically meant that no sodium carbonate is deliberately included in the
composition. However, trace levels, e.g. due to impurities and/or contamination, may
be present in the composition, although preferably this is avoided. Typically, if
present, the level of any sodium carbonate is less than 2.0wt%, preferably less than
1.0wt%, more preferably less than 0.5wt%, or even less than 0.1wt% of the composition.
[0013] Preferably, the composition comprises anionic detersive surfactant. Suitable anionic
detersive surfactants are described in more detail below. Preferably, the composition
comprises anionic detersive surfactant selected from alkyl sulphate and/or alkyl benzene
sulphonate. A preferred alkyl sulphate is a C
8-C
24 alkyl sulphate, especially preferred is a mid-cut alkyl sulphate (MCAS), such as
a C
12-C
14 alkyl sulphate. A preferred alkyl benzene sulphonate is a C
11-C
13 alkyl benzene sulphonate, an especially preferred alkyl benzene sulphonate is a linear
C
11-C
13 alkyl benzene sulphonate.
[0014] Preferably, the composition comprises a dye transfer inhibitor. Suitable dye transfer
inhibitors are described in more detail below.
[0015] Preferably, the composition comprises non-ionic detersive surfactant. Suitable non-ionic
detersive surfactants are described in more detail below.
[0016] Preferably, the composition comprises hueing dye. Suitable hueing dyes are described
below in more detail.
[0017] Preferably, the composition comprises chelant. Suitable chelants are described in
more detail below.
[0018] Preferably, the composition comprises enzyme. Suitable enzymes are described in more
detail below.
[0019] Preferably, the composition comprises perfume. Suitable perfumes are described in
more detail below.
[0020] Preferably, the composition comprises soil release polymer. Suitable soil release
polymers are described in more detail below.
[0021] Preferably, the composition comprises:
- (a) from 8wt% to 60wt% detersive surfactant; and
- (b) from 0.001wt% to 1.0wt% iron-based bleach catalyst.
[0022] Preferred ranges of other suitable ingredients are provided below:
(c) from 1.0wt% to 40wt% sodium carbonate.
(d) from 0.1wt% to 5.0wt% dye transfer inhibitor.
(e) from 0.5wt% to 10wt% non-ionic detersive surfactant.
(f) from 0wt% to 5.0wt%, or from above 0wt% to 2.0wt% hueing dye.
(g) from 0.2wt% to 5.0wt% chelant.
(h) from 0.1wt% to 5.0wt% enzyme.
(i) from 0.1wt% to 5.0wt% perfume.
(j) from 0.1wt% to 10wt% soil release polymer.
(j) from 1.0wt% to 40w% citric acid.
[0023] Typically, the solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition is a
fully formulated laundry detergent composition, not a portion thereof such as a spray-dried,
extruded or agglomerate particle that only forms part of the laundry detergent composition.
Typically, the solid composition comprises a plurality of chemically different particles,
such as spray-dried base detergent particles and/or agglomerated base detergent particles
and/or extruded base detergent particles, in combination with one or more, typically
two or more, or five or more, or even ten or more particles selected from: surfactant
particles, including surfactant agglomerates, surfactant extrudates, surfactant needles,
surfactant noodles, surfactant flakes; phosphate particles; zeolite particles; silicate
salt particles, especially sodium silicate particles; carbonate salt particles, especially
sodium carbonate particles; polymer particles such as carboxylate polymer particles,
cellulosic polymer particles, starch particles, polyester particles, polyamine particles,
terephthalate polymer particles, polyethylene glycol particles; aesthetic particles
such as coloured noodles, needles, lamellae particles and ring particles; enzyme particles
such as protease granulates, amylase granulates, lipase granulates, cellulase granulates,
mannanase granulates, pectate lyase granulates, xyloglucanase granulates, bleaching
enzyme granulates and co- granulates of any of these enzymes, preferably these enzyme
granulates comprise sodium sulphate; bleach particles; filler particles such as sulphate
salt particles and chloride particles; clay particles such as montmorillonite particles
and particles of clay and silicone; flocculant particles such as polyethylene oxide
particles; wax particles such as wax agglomerates; silicone particles, brightener
particles; dye transfer inhibition particles; dye fixative particles; perfume particles
such as perfume microcapsules and starch encapsulated perfume accord particles, or
pro-perfume particles such as Schiff base reaction product particles; hueing dye particles;
chelant particles such as chelant agglomerates; and any combination thereof.
[0024] Suitable compositions typically comprise a detergent ingredient selected from: detersive
surfactant, such as anionic detersive surfactants, non-ionic detersive surfactants,
cationic detersive surfactants, zwitterionic detersive surfactants and amphoteric
detersive surfactants; polymers, such as carboxylate polymers, soil release polymer,
anti-redeposition polymers, cellulosic polymers and care polymers; bleach; photobleach,
such as such as zinc and/or aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine; enzymes, such as
proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases; zeolite builder; phosphate builder; co-builders,
such as citric acid and citrate; carbonate, such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate;
sulphate salt, such as sodium sulphate; silicate salt such as sodium silicate; chloride
salt, such as sodium chloride; brighteners; chelants; hueing agents; dye transfer
inhibitors; dye fixative agents; perfume; silicone; fabric softening agents, such
as clay; flocculants, such as polyethyleneoxide; suds supressors; and any combination
thereof.
[0025] Suitable compositions may have a low buffering capacity. Such laundry detergent compositions
typically have a reserve alkalinity to pH 9.5 of less than 5.0gNaOH/100g. These low
buffered laundry detergent compositions typically comprise low levels of carbonate
salt.
[0026] Iron-based bleach catalyst. The iron-based bleach catalyst has the following structure:

[0027] Suitable iron-based bleach catalysts include WeylClean
® FeONIX from Weylchem and/or WeylClean
® FeONIX-A from Weylchem.
Sulfite-based reducing bleach.
[0028] The composition comprises a sulfite-based reducing bleach. Typically, the composition
comprises from 0.05wt% to 15wt% sulfite-based reducing bleach.
[0029] Preferably, the sulfite-based reducing bleach is selected from sulfite, bisulfite,
dithionate, metabisulfite and any combination thereof.
[0030] Detersive Surfactant: Suitable detersive surfactants include anionic detersive surfactants, non-ionic detersive
surfactant, cationic detersive surfactants, zwitterionic detersive surfactants and
amphoteric detersive surfactants. Suitable detersive surfactants may be linear or
branched, substituted or un-substituted, and may be derived from petrochemical material
or biomaterial.
[0031] Anionic detersive surfactant: Suitable anionic detersive surfactants include sulphonate and sulphate detersive
surfactants.
[0032] Suitable sulphonate detersive surfactants include methyl ester sulphonates, alpha
olefin sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, especially alkyl benzene sulphonates,
preferably C
10-13 alkyl benzene sulphonate. Suitable alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) is obtainable,
preferably obtained, by sulphonating commercially available linear alkyl benzene (LAB);
suitable LAB includes low 2-phenyl LAB, other suitable LAB include high 2-phenyl LAB,
such as those supplied by Sasol under the tradename Hyblene
®.
[0033] Suitable sulphate detersive surfactants include alkyl sulphate, preferably C
8-18 alkyl sulphate, or predominantly C
12 alkyl sulphate.
[0034] A preferred sulphate detersive surfactant is alkyl alkoxylated sulphate, preferably
alkyl ethoxylated sulphate, preferably a C
8-18 alkyl alkoxylated sulphate, preferably a C
8-18 alkyl ethoxylated sulphate, preferably the alkyl alkoxylated sulphate has an average
degree of alkoxylation of from 0.5 to 20, preferably from 0.5 to 10, preferably the
alkyl alkoxylated sulphate is a C
8-18 alkyl ethoxylated sulphate having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 0.5 to
10, preferably from 0.5 to 5, more preferably from 0.5 to 3 and most preferably from
0.5 to 1.5.
[0035] The alkyl sulphate, alkyl alkoxylated sulphate and alkyl benzene sulphonates may
be linear or branched, substituted or un-substituted, and may be derived from petrochemical
material or biomaterial.
[0036] Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants include alkyl ether carboxylates.
[0037] Suitable anionic detersive surfactants may be in salt form, suitable counter-ions
include sodium, calcium, magnesium, amino alcohols, and any combination thereof. A
preferred counterion is sodium.
[0038] Non-ionic detersive surfactant: Suitable non-ionic detersive surfactants are selected
from the group consisting of: C
8-C
18 alkyl ethoxylates, such as, NEODOL
® non-ionic surfactants from Shell; C
6-C
12 alkyl phenol alkoxylates wherein preferably the alkoxylate units are ethyleneoxy
units, propyleneoxy units or a mixture thereof; C
12-C
18 alcohol and C
6-C
12 alkyl phenol condensates with ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers such
as Pluronic
® from BASF; alkylpolysaccharides, preferably alkylpolyglycosides; methyl ester ethoxylates;
polyhydroxy fatty acid amides; ether capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants;
and mixtures thereof.
[0039] Suitable non-ionic detersive surfactants are alkylpolyglucoside and/or an alkyl alkoxylated
alcohol.
[0040] Suitable non-ionic detersive surfactants include alkyl alkoxylated alcohols, preferably
C
8-18 alkyl alkoxylated alcohol, preferably a C
8-18 alkyl ethoxylated alcohol, preferably the alkyl alkoxylated alcohol has an average
degree of alkoxylation of from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 30, or from 1 to 20,
or from 1 to 10, preferably the alkyl alkoxylated alcohol is a C
8-18 alkyl ethoxylated alcohol having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 10,
preferably from 1 to 7, more preferably from 1 to 5 and most preferably from 3 to
7. The alkyl alkoxylated alcohol can be linear or branched, and substituted or un-substituted.
[0041] Suitable nonionic detersive surfactants include secondary alcohol-based detersive
surfactants.
[0042] Cationic detersive surfactant: Suitable cationic detersive surfactants include alkyl pyridinium compounds, alkyl
quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl quaternary phosphonium compounds, alkyl ternary
sulphonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.
[0043] Preferred cationic detersive surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds having
the general formula:
(R)(R
1)(R
2)(R
3)N
+ X
-
wherein, R is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C
6-18 alkyl or alkenyl moiety, R
1 and R
2 are independently selected from methyl or ethyl moieties, R
3 is a hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl or a hydroxyethyl moiety, X is an anion which provides
charge neutrality, preferred anions include: halides, preferably chloride; sulphate;
and sulphonate.
[0044] Zwitterionic detersive surfactant: Suitable zwitterionic detersive surfactants include amine oxides and/or betaines.
[0045] Polymer: Suitable polymers include carboxylate polymers, soil release polymers, anti-redeposition
polymers, cellulosic polymers, care polymers and any combination thereof.
[0046] Carboxylate polymer: The composition may comprise a carboxylate polymer, such as a maleate/acrylate random
copolymer or polyacrylate homopolymer. Suitable carboxylate polymers include: polyacrylate
homopolymers having a molecular weight of from 4,000 Da to 9,000 Da; maleate/acrylate
random copolymers having a molecular weight of from 50,000 Da to 100,000 Da, or from
60,000 Da to 80,000 Da.
[0047] Another suitable carboxylate polymer is a co-polymer that comprises: (i) from 50
to less than 98 wt% structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising
carboxyl groups; (ii) from 1 to less than 49 wt% structural units derived from one
or more monomers comprising sulfonate moieties; and (iii) from 1 to 49 wt% structural
units derived from one or more types of monomers selected from ether bond-containing
monomers represented by formulas (I) and (II):

wherein in formula (I), R
0 represents a hydrogen atom or CH
3 group, R represents a CH
2 group, CH
2CH
2 group or single bond, X represents a number 0-5 provided X represents a number 1-5
when R is a single bond, and R
1 is a hydrogen atom or C
1 to C
20 organic group;

wherein in formula (II), R
0 represents a hydrogen atom or CH
3 group, R represents a CH
2 group, CH
2CH
2 group or single bond, X represents a number 0-5, and R
1 is a hydrogen atom or C
1 to C
20 organic group.
[0048] It may be preferred that the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of at
least 50kDa, or even at least 70kDa.
[0049] Soil release polymer: The composition may comprise a soil release polymer. A suitable soil release polymer
has a structure as defined by one of the following structures (I), (II) or (III):
(I) -[(OCHR
1-CHR
2)
a-O-OC-Ar-CO-]
d
(II) -[(OCHR
3-CHR
4)
b-O-OC-sAr-CO-]
e
(III) -[(OCHR
5-CHR
6)
c-OR
7]
f
wherein:
a, b and c are from 1 to 200;
d, e and f are from 1 to 50;
Ar is a 1,4-substituted phenylene;
sAr is 1,3-substituted phenylene substituted in position 5 with SO3Me;
Me is Li, K, Mg/2, Ca/2, Al/3, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraalkylammonium wherein
the alkyl groups are C1-C18 alkyl or C2-C10 hydroxyalkyl, or mixtures thereof;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from H or C1-C18 n- or iso-alkyl; and
R7 is a linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl, or a linear or branched C2-C30 alkenyl, or a cycloalkyl group with 5 to 9 carbon atoms, or a C8-C30 aryl group, or a C6-C30 arylalkyl group.
[0050] Suitable soil release polymers are sold by Clariant under the TexCare
® series of polymers, e.g. TexCare
® SRN240 and TexCare
® SRA300. Other suitable soil release polymers are sold by Solvay under the Repel-o-Tex
® series of polymers, e.g. Repel-o-Tex
® SF2 and Repel-o-Tex
® Crystal.
[0051] Anti-redeposition polymer: Suitable anti-redeposition polymers include polyethylene glycol polymers and/or polyethyleneimine
polymers.
[0052] Suitable polyethylene glycol polymers include random graft co-polymers comprising:
(i) hydrophilic backbone comprising polyethylene glycol; and (ii) hydrophobic side
chain(s) selected from the group consisting of: C
4-C
25 alkyl group, polypropylene, polybutylene, vinyl ester of a saturated C
1-C
6 mono-carboxylic acid, C
1-C
6 alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof. Suitable polyethylene
glycol polymers have a polyethylene glycol backbone with random grafted polyvinyl
acetate side chains. The average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol backbone
can be in the range of from 2,000 Da to 20,000 Da, or from 4,000 Da to 8,000 Da. The
molecular weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol backbone to the polyvinyl acetate
side chains can be in the range of from 1:1 to 1:5, or from 1:1.2 to 1:2. The average
number of graft sites per ethylene oxide unit can be less than 0.02, or less than
0.016, the average number of graft sites per ethylene oxide unit can be in the range
of from 0.010 to 0.018, or the average number of graft sites per ethylene oxide unit
can be less than 0.010, or in the range of from 0.004 to 0.008.
[0053] Suitable polyethylene glycol polymers are described in WO08/007320.
[0054] A suitable polyethylene glycol polymer is Sokalan HP22.
[0055] Cellulosic polymer: Suitable cellulosic polymers are selected from alkyl cellulose, alkyl alkoxyalkyl
cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, alkyl carboxyalkyl cellulose, sulphoalkyl cellulose,
more preferably selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl
cellulose, methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, and mixures thereof.
[0056] Suitable carboxymethyl celluloses have a degree of carboxymethyl substitution from
0.5 to 0.9 and a molecular weight from 100,000 Da to 300,000 Da.
[0057] Suitable carboxymethyl celluloses have a degree of substitution greater than 0.65
and a degree of blockiness greater than 0.45, e.g. as described in WO09/154933.
[0058] Care polymers: Suitable care polymers include cellulosic polymers that are cationically modified
or hydrophobically modified. Such modified cellulosic polymers can provide anti-abrasion
benefits and dye lock benefits to fabric during the laundering cycle. Suitable cellulosic
polymers include cationically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose.
[0059] Other suitable care polymers include dye lock polymers, for example the condensation
oligomer produced by the condensation of imidazole and epichlorhydrin, preferably
in ratio of 1:4:1. A suitable commercially available dye lock polymer is Polyquart
® FDI (Cognis).
[0060] Other suitable care polymers include amino-silicone, which can provide fabric feel
benefits and fabric shape retention benefits.
[0061] Enzymes: Suitable enzymes include lipases, proteases, cellulases, amylases and any combination
thereof.
[0062] Protease: Suitable proteases include metalloproteases and/or serine proteases. Examples of
suitable neutral or alkaline proteases include: subtilisins (EC 3.4.21.62); trypsin-type
or chymotrypsin-type proteases; and metalloproteases. The suitable proteases include
chemically or genetically modified mutants of the aforementioned suitable proteases.
[0063] Suitable commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the trade
names Alcalase
®, Savinase
®, Primase
®, Durazym
®, Polarzyme
®, Kannase
®, Liquanase
®, Liquanase Ultra
®, Savinase Ultra
®, Ovozyme
®, Neutrase
®, Everlase
® and Esperase
® by Novozymes A/S (Denmark), those sold under the tradename Maxatase
®, Maxacal
®, Maxapem
®, Preferenz P
® series of proteases including Preferenz
® P280, Preferenz
® P281, Preferenz
® P2018-C, Preferenz
® P2081-WE, Preferenz
® P2082-EE and Preferenz
® P2083-A/J, Properase
®, Purafect
®, Purafect Prime
®, Purafect Ox
®, FN3
® , FN4
®, Excellase
® and Purafect OXP
® by DuPont, those sold under the tradename Opticlean
® and Optimase
® by Solvay Enzymes, those available from Henkel/ Kemira, namely BLAP (sequence shown
in Figure 29 of
US 5,352,604 with the folowing mutations S99D + S101 R + S103A + V104I + G159S, hereinafter referred
to as BLAP), BLAP R (BLAP with S3T + V4I + V199M + V205I + L217D), BLAP X (BLAP with
S3T + V4I + V205I) and BLAP F49 (BLAP with S3T + V4I + A194P + V199M + V205I + L217D)
- all from Henkel/Kemira; and KAP (Bacillus alkalophilus subtilisin with mutations
A230V + S256G + S259N) from Kao.
[0065] Amylase: Suitable amylases are derived from AA560 alpha amylase endogenous to Bacillus sp.
DSM 12649, preferably having the following mutations: R118K, D183
∗, G184
∗, N195F, R320K, and/or R458K. Suitable commercially available amylases include Stainzyme
®, Stainzyme
® Plus, Natalase, Termamyl
®, Termamyl
® Ultra, Liquezyme
® SZ, Duramyl
®, Everest
® (all Novozymes) and Spezyme
® AA, Preferenz S
® series of amylases, Purastar
® and Purastar
® Ox Am, Optisize
® HT Plus (all Du Pont).
[0067] Cellulase: Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified
or protein engineered mutants are also suitable. Suitable cellulases include cellulases
from the genera
Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g., the fungal cellulases produced from
Humicola insolens, Myceliophthora thermophila and
Fusarium oxysporum.
[0068] Commercially available cellulases include Celluzyme
®, Carezyme
®, and Carezyme
® Premium, Celluclean
® and Whitezyme
® (Novozymes A/S), Revitalenz
® series of enzymes (Du Pont), and Biotouch
® series of enzymes (AB Enzymes). Suitable commercially available cellulases include
Carezyme
® Premium, Celluclean
® Classic. Suitable cellulases are described in
WO07/144857 and
WO10/056652.
[0069] Lipase: Suitable lipases include those of bacterial, fungal or synthetic origin, and variants
thereof. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are also suitable. Examples
of suitable lipases include lipases from
Humicola (synonym
Thermomyces)
, e.g., from
H. lanuginosa (
T. lanuginosus).
[0070] The lipase may be a "first cycle lipase", e.g. such as those described in
WO06/090335 and
WO13/116261. In one aspect, the lipase is a first-wash lipase, preferably a variant of the wild-type
lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus comprising T231R and/or N233R mutations. Preferred
lipases include those sold under the tradenames Lipex
®, Lipolex
® and Lipoclean
® by Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
[0072] Other enzymes: Other suitable enzymes are bleaching enzymes, such as peroxidases/oxidases, which
include those of plant, bacterial or fungal origin and variants thereof. Commercially
available peroxidases include Guardzyme
® (Novozymes A/S). Other suitable enzymes include choline oxidases and perhydrolases
such as those used in Gentle Power Bleach
™.
[0073] Other suitable enzymes include pectate lyases sold under the tradenames X-Pect
®, Pectaway
® (from Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) and PrimaGreen
® (DuPont) and mannanases sold under the tradenames Mannaway
® (Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), and Mannastar
® (Du Pont).
[0074] Zeolite builder: The composition may comprise zeolite builder. The composition may comprise from 0wt%
to 5wt% zeolite builder, or 3wt% zeolite builder. The composition may even be substantially
free of zeolite builder; substantially free means "no deliberately added". Typical
zeolite builders include zeolite A, zeolite P and zeolite MAP.
[0075] Phosphate builder: The composition may comprise phosphate builder. The composition may comprise from
0wt% to 5wt% phosphate builder, or to 3wt%, phosphate builder. The composition may
even be substantially free of phosphate builder; substantially free means "no deliberately
added". A typical phosphate builder is sodium tri-polyphosphate.
[0076] Carbonate salt: The composition may comprise carbonate salt. The composition may comprise from 0wt%
to 10wt% carbonate salt, or to 5wt% carbonate salt. The composition may even be substantially
free of carbonate salt; substantially free means "no deliberately added". Suitable
carbonate salts include sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
[0077] Silicate salt: The composition may comprise silicate salt. The composition may comprise from 0wt%
to 10wt% silicate salt, or to 5wt% silicate salt. A preferred silicate salt is sodium
silicate, especially preferred are sodium silicates having a Na
2O:SiO
2 ratio of from 1.0 to 2.8, preferably from 1.6 to 2.0.
[0078] Sulphate salt: A suitable sulphate salt is sodium sulphate.
[0079] Brightener: Suitable fluorescent brighteners include: di-styryl biphenyl compounds, e.g. Tinopal
® CBS-X, di-amino stilbene di-sulfonic acid compounds, e.g. Tinopal
® DMS pure Xtra and Blankophor
® HRH, and Pyrazoline compounds, e.g. Blankophor
® SN, and coumarin compounds, e.g. Tinopal
® SWN
[0080] Preferred brighteners are: sodium 2 (4-styryl-3-sulfophenyl)-2H-napthol[1,2-d]triazole,
disodium 4,4'-bis{[(4-anilino-6-(N methyl-N-2 hydroxyethyl)amino 1 ,3,5- triazin-2-yl)];amino}stilbene-2-2'
disulfonate, disodium 4,4'-bis{[(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)]amino}
stilbene-2-2' disulfonate, and disodium 4,4'- bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl. A suitable
fluorescent brightener is C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260, which may be used in its
beta or alpha crystalline forms, or a mixture of these forms.
[0081] Chelant: The composition may also comprise a chelant._Suitable chelating agents may include
phosphonates, aminocarboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted
aromatic chelating agents, or mixtures thereof, preferably aminocarboxylates. The
chelating agents, as used herein, are not intended to include traditional builders,
such as citric acid, although such builders may be present in compositions of the
present disclosure.
[0082] Aminocarboxylates useful as chelating agents include, but are not limited to, ethylenediaminetetracetates,
N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates,
triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines,
alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
Aminophosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions
of the invention when low levels of total phosphorus are permitted; and include ethylenediaminetetrakis
(methylenephosphonates). Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents may
include catechols, for example sulphonated catechols.
[0083] Suitable chelating agents may include: DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid),
HEDP (hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid), EDDS (ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), DTPMP
(diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)), EDTMP (ethylene diamine tetra(methylene
phosphonic acid)), Tiron
® (1,2-diydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid), HPNO (2-pyridinol-N-oxide), MGDA (methylglycinediacetic
acid), GLDA (glutamic-N,N-diacetic acid), any suitable derivative thereof, salts thereof,
and mixtures thereof.
[0084] Hueing agent: Suitable hueing agents include small molecule dyes, typically falling into the Colour
Index (C.I.) classifications of Acid, Direct, Basic, Reactive (including hydrolysed
forms thereof) or Solvent or Disperse dyes, for example classified as Blue, Violet,
Red, Green or Black, and provide the desired shade either alone or in combination.
Preferred such hueing agents include Acid Violet 50, Direct Violet 9, 66 and 99, Solvent
Violet 13 and any combination thereof.
[0085] Many hueing agents are known and described in the art which may be suitable for the
present invention, such as hueing agents described in
WO2014/089386.
[0086] Suitable hueing agents include phthalocyanine and azo dye conjugates, such as described
in
WO2009/069077.
[0087] Suitable hueing agents may be alkoxylated. Such alkoxylated compounds may be produced
by organic synthesis that may produce a mixture of molecules having different degrees
of alkoxylation. Such mixtures may be used directly to provide the hueing agent, or
may undergo a purification step to increase the proportion of the target molecule.
Suitable hueing agents include alkoxylated bis-azo dyes, such as described in
WO2012/054835, and/or alkoxylated thiophene azo dyes, such as described in
WO2008/087497 and
WO2012/166768.
[0088] The hueing agent may be incorporated into the detergent composition as part of a
reaction mixture which is the result of the organic synthesis for a dye molecule,
with optional purification step(s). Such reaction mixtures generally comprise the
dye molecule itself and in addition may comprise un-reacted starting materials and/or
by-products of the organic synthesis route. Suitable hueing agents can be incorporated
into hueing dye particles, such as described in
WO 2009/069077.
[0089] A preferred hueing agent may be an anthraquinone hueing dye. A suitable hueing agent
is disperse violet 28.
[0090] Dye transfer inhibitors: Suitable dye transfer inhibitors include polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of
N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyloxazolidone,
polyvinylimidazole and mixtures thereof. Preferred are poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinylpyridine
betaine), poly(vinylpyridine N-oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidonevinyl imidazole) and
mixtures thereof. Suitable commercially available dye transfer inhibitors include
PVP-K15 and K30 (Ashland), Sokalan
® HP165, HP50, HP53, HP59, HP56K, HP56, HP66 (BASF), Chromabond
® S-400, S403E and S-100 (Ashland).
[0091] Perfume: Suitable perfumes comprise perfume materials selected from the group: (a) perfume
materials having a ClogP of less than 3.0 and a boiling point of less than 250°C (quadrant
1 perfume materials); (b) perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 3.0 and a
boiling point of 250°C or greater (quadrant 2 perfume materials); (c) perfume materials
having a ClogP of 3.0 or greater and a boiling point of less than 250°C (quadrant
3 perfume materials); (d) perfume materials having a ClogP of 3.0 or greater and a
boiling point of 250°C or greater (quadrant 4 perfume materials); and (e) mixtures
thereof.
[0092] It may be preferred for the perfume to be in the form of a perfume delivery technology.
Such delivery technologies further stabilize and enhance the deposition and release
of perfume materials from the laundered fabric. Such perfume delivery technologies
can also be used to further increase the longevity of perfume release from the laundered
fabric. Suitable perfume delivery technologies include: perfume microcapsules, pro-perfumes,
polymer assisted deliveries, molecule assisted deliveries, fiber assisted deliveries,
amine assisted deliveries, cyclodextrin, starch encapsulated accord, zeolite and other
inorganic carriers, and any mixture thereof. A suitable perfume microcapsule is described
in
WO2009/101593.
[0093] Silicone: Suitable silicones include polydimethylsiloxane and amino-silicones. Suitable silicones
are described in
WO05075616.
[0094] Process for making the composition: Typically, the particles of the composition can be prepared by any suitable method.
For example: spray-drying, agglomeration, extrusion and any combination thereof.
[0095] Typically, a suitable spray-drying process comprises the step of forming an aqueous
slurry mixture, transferring it through at least one pump, preferably two pumps, to
a pressure nozzle. Atomizing the aqueous slurry mixture into a spray-drying tower
and drying the aqueous slurry mixture to form spray-dried particles. Preferably, the
spray-drying tower is a counter-current spray-drying tower, although a co-current
spray-drying tower may also be suitable.
[0096] Typically, the spray-dried powder is subjected to cooling, for example an airlift.
Typically, the spray-drying powder is subjected to particle size classification, for
example a sieve, to obtain the desired particle size distribution. Preferably, the
spray-dried powder has a particle size distribution such that weight average particle
size is in the range of from 300 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and less than 10wt%
of the spray-dried particles have a particle size greater than 2360 micrometers.
[0097] It may be preferred to heat the aqueous slurry mixture to elevated temperatures prior
to atomization into the spray-drying tower, such as described in
WO2009/158162.
[0098] It may be preferred for anionic surfactant, such as linear alkyl benzene sulphonate,
to be introduced into the spray-drying process after the step of forming the aqueous
slurry mixture: for example, introducing an acid precursor to the aqueous slurry mixture
after the pump, such as described in
WO 09/158449.
[0099] It may be preferred for a gas, such as air, to be introduced into the spray-drying
process after the step of forming the aqueous slurry, such as described in
WO2013/181205.
[0100] It may be preferred for any inorganic ingredients, such as sodium sulphate and sodium
carbonate, if present in the aqueous slurry mixture, to be micronized to a small particle
size such as described in
WO2012/134969.
[0101] Typically, a suitable agglomeration process comprises the step of contacting a detersive
ingredient, such as a detersive surfactant, e.g. linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS)
and/or alkyl alkoxylated sulphate, with an inorganic material, such as sodium carbonate
and/or silica, in a mixer. The agglomeration process may also be an in-situ neutralization
agglomeration process wherein an acid precursor of a detersive surfactant, such as
LAS, is contacted with an alkaline material, such as carbonate and/or sodium hydroxide,
in a mixer, and wherein the acid precursor of a detersive surfactant is neutralized
by the alkaline material to form a detersive surfactant during the agglomeration process.
[0102] Other suitable detergent ingredients that may be agglomerated include polymers, chelants,
bleach activators, silicones and any combination thereof.
[0103] The agglomeration process may be a high, medium or low shear agglomeration process,
wherein a high shear, medium shear or low shear mixer is used accordingly. The agglomeration
process may be a multi-step agglomeration process wherein two or more mixers are used,
such as a high shear mixer in combination with a medium or low shear mixer. The agglomeration
process can be a continuous process or a batch process.
[0104] It may be preferred for the agglomerates to be subjected to a drying step, for example
to a fluid bed drying step. It may also be preferred for the agglomerates to be subjected
to a cooling step, for example a fluid bed cooling step.
[0105] Typically, the agglomerates are subjected to particle size classification, for example
a fluid bed elutriation and/or a sieve, to obtain the desired particle size distribution.
Preferably, the agglomerates have a particle size distribution such that weight average
particle size is in the range of from 300 micrometers to 800 micrometers, and less
than 10wt% of the agglomerates have a particle size less than 150 micrometers and
less than 10wt% of the agglomerates have a particle size greater than 1200 micrometers.
[0106] It may be preferred for fines and over-sized agglomerates to be recycled back into
the agglomeration process. Typically, over-sized particles are subjected to a size
reduction step, such as grinding, and recycled back into an appropriate place in the
agglomeration process, such as the mixer. Typically, fines are recycled back into
an appropriate place in the agglomeration process, such as the mixer.
[0107] It may be preferred for ingredients such as polymer and/or non-ionic detersive surfactant
and/or perfume to be sprayed onto base detergent particles, such as spray-dried base
detergent particles and/or agglomerated base detergent particles. Typically, this
spray-on step is carried out in a tumbling drum mixer.
[0108] Method of laundering fabric: The method of laundering fabric comprises the step of contacting the composition
to water to form a wash liquor, and laundering fabric in said wash liquor. Typically,
the wash liquor has a temperature of above 0°C to 90°C, or to 60°C, or to 40°C, or
to 30°C, or to 20°C. The fabric may be contacted to the water prior to, or after,
or simultaneous with, contacting the solid composition with water. Typically, the
wash liquor is formed by contacting the laundry detergent to water in such an amount
so that the concentration of laundry detergent composition in the wash liquor is from
0.2g/l to 20g/l, or from 0.5g/l to 10g/l, or to 5.0g/l. The method of laundering fabric
can be carried out in a front-loading automatic washing machine, top loading automatic
washing machines, including high efficiency automatic washing machines, or suitable
hand-wash vessels._Typically, the wash liquor comprises 90 litres or less, or 60 litres
or less, or 15 litres or less, or 10 litres or less of water. Typically, 200g or less,
or 150g or less, or 100g or less, or 50g or less of laundry detergent composition
is contacted to water to form the wash liquor.
Method of measuring pH
[0109] Typically, the pH of the composition is measured using an electrode. The composition
is diluted to a concentration of 10g/l in deionized water at 20°C and stirred to dissolve
the composition. A pH meter, such as an electrode, is then used to measure the pH
of the sample.
Embodiments of the present invention
[0110]
- 1. A solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition, wherein the composition
comprises:
- (a) detersive surfactant;
- (b) iron-based bleach catalyst having the following structure:

and
- (c) sulfite-based reducing bleach.
- 2. A composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the sulfite-based reducing bleach
is selected from sulfite, bisulfite, dithionate, metabisulfite and any combination
thereof.
- 3. A composition according to embodiment 2, wherein the sulfite-based reducing bleach
is sulfite.
- 4. A composition according to embodiment 2, wherein the sulfite-based reducing bleach
is bisulfite.
- 5. A composition according to embodiment 2, wherein the sulfite-based reducing bleach
is dithionate.
- 6. A composition according to embodiment 2, wherein the sulfite-based reducing bleach
is metabisulfite.
- 7. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition has
an equilibrium pH at 20°C at a concentration of 1g/l in deionized water of greater
than 10.0.
- 8. A composition according to any of embodiments 1-6, wherein the composition has
an equilibrium pH at 20°C at a concentration of 1g/l in deionized water of less than
8.5.
- 9. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
anionic detersive surfactant.
- 10. A composition according to embodiment 9, wherein the anionic detersive surfactant
is selected from alkyl sulphate and/or alkyl benzene sulphonate.
- 11. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
non-ionic detersive surfactant.
- 12. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
a dye transfer inhibitor.
- 13. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
hueing dye.
- 14. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
enzyme.
- 15. A composition according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the composition comprises
soil release polymer.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 - Compatibility of Iron-based catalyst and reducing bleach
[0111] The following compositions were prepared and tested for stain removal performance.
Composition |
Comparative Composition 1 |
Comparative Composition 2 |
Comparative Composition 3 |
Inventive Composition |
Ingredients |
Dosage (Active ppm) |
Disodium 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonate |
6.689 |
6.689 |
6.689 |
6.689 |
Disodium 4,4'-Bis-(2-Sulfostyryl)Biphenyl |
1.336 |
1.336 |
1.336 |
1.336 |
Carboxymethyl Cellulose |
4.225 |
4.225 |
4.225 |
4.225 |
Citric Acid |
0.201 |
0.201 |
0.201 |
0.201 |
Mannanase |
0.010 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
Amylase |
0.015 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
Protease |
0.153 |
0.153 |
0.153 |
0.153 |
LAS |
468.688 |
468.688 |
468.688 |
468.688 |
Hueing Dye |
0.912 |
0.912 |
0.912 |
0.912 |
Sodium Carbonate |
660.524 |
660.524 |
660.524 |
660.524 |
Sodium Sulfate |
229.989 |
229.989 |
229.989 |
229.989 |
Sodium Chloride |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
Sodium Sulfite |
|
|
30.000 |
30.000 |
Lipase |
0.042 |
0.042 |
0.042 |
0.042 |
Sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O ratio 1.6-2.6) |
64.000 |
64.000 |
64.000 |
64.000 |
Sulfuric acid mono-C12-14-alkyl esters sodium salts |
127.570 |
127.570 |
127.570 |
127.570 |
Weylclean FeONIX |
|
0.750 |
|
0.750 |
Zeolite |
82.430 |
82.430 |
82.430 |
82.430 |
Water |
51.126 |
51.126 |
51.126 |
51.126 |
Processing Aids, Minors & Perfume |
130.943 |
130.943 |
130.943 |
130.943 |
Total dosage (ppm) |
4000.000 |
4000.750 |
4030.000 |
4030.750 |
[0112] Washing method: The following method demonstrates the ability of the example compositions to remove
stains during the wash process. The compositions were added separately into pots of
a tergotometer. The volume of each pot was 1 L. The wash temperature was set to 27
°C. Throughout the procedure, 7 gpg water was used. The wash solutions were agitated
for 1 minute (300rpm) before addition of fabrics (two internal replicates of each
stain, and additional knitted cotton ballast to make the total fabric weight up to
60 g). Once the fabrics were added, the wash solution was agitated for 17 minutes
(208rpm). The wash solutions were then drained and the fabrics were subject to a 5
minute rinse step before being drained and spun dry. This procedure wash repeated
a further three times to give a total of four external replicates. After the wash,
the fabrics were dried under solar-simulating conditions (UVA intensity (300-400nm)
between 16.35 and 33.31 w/m
2 and visible intensity (400-700nm) between 166.0 and 340.0 w/m
2).
[0113] Stain Removal Analysis: The fabrics were analysed using commercially available image analysis software for
L
∗a
∗b
∗ values. SRI values were then calculated from the L
∗a
∗b
∗ values using the formula shown. The higher the SRI, the better the stain removal.
Subscript 'b' denotes data for the stain before washing
Subscript 'a' denotes data for the stain after washing
Subscript 'c' denotes data for the unstained fabric
[0114] Thus, L
∗a
∗b
∗ values are taken of the unstained fabric, of the stained fabric before washing and
of the stained fabric after washing.
Dopiaza |
Average SRI |
Standard Error |
Delta vs. Reference |
Comparative Composition 1 (nil FeONIX & nil sulfite) |
53.6 |
1.25 |
Reference |
Comparative Composition 2 (FeONIX only, nil sulfite) |
60.7 |
2.31 |
7.1 |
Comparative Composition 3 (sulfite only, nil FeONIX) |
51.7 |
2.10 |
-1.9 |
Inventive Composition (FeONIX & sulfite combination) |
63.0 |
1.87 |
9.4 |
[0115] Dopiaza (turmeric-based stain) is used to evaluate the performance of the FeONIX
catalyst. The above example shows that FeONIX is effective in the presence of reducing
bleach.
Ink |
Average SRI |
Standard Error |
Delta vs. Reference |
Comparative Composition 1 (nil FeONIX & nil sulfite) |
69.9 |
2.20 |
Reference |
Comparative Composition 2 (FeONIX only, nil sulfite) |
70.2 |
0.96 |
0.3 |
Comparative Composition 3 (sulfite only, nil FeONIX) |
82.3 |
0.75 |
12.4 |
Inventive Composition (FeONIX & sulfite combination) |
84.2 |
0.71 |
14.3 |
Ink is used to evaluate the performance of reducing bleach (sulfite). The above example
shows that sulfite is effective in the presence of the FeONIX bleach catalyst.
Example 2 - Performance of Iron-based catalyst in the presence of oxygen-based bleach
[0116]
Composition |
Comparative Composition 1 |
Comparative Composition 2 |
Comparative Composition 4 |
Comparative Composition 5 |
Ingredients |
Dosage (Active ppm) |
Disodium 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonate |
6.689 |
6.689 |
6.689 |
6.689 |
Disodium 4,4'-Bis-(2-Sulfostyryl)Biphenyl |
1.336 |
1.336 |
1.336 |
1.336 |
Carboxymethyl Cellulose |
4.225 |
4.225 |
4.225 |
4.225 |
Citric Acid |
0.201 |
0.201 |
0.201 |
0.201 |
Mannanase |
0.010 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
Amylase |
0.015 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
Protease |
0.153 |
0.153 |
0.153 |
0.153 |
LAS |
468.688 |
468.688 |
468.688 |
468.688 |
Hueing Dye |
0.912 |
0.912 |
0.912 |
0.912 |
Sodium Carbonate |
660.524 |
660.524 |
660.524 |
660.524 |
Sodium Sulfate |
229.989 |
229.989 |
229.989 |
229.989 |
Sodium Chloride |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
2171.148 |
Lipase |
0.042 |
0.042 |
0.042 |
0.042 |
Sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O ratio 1.6-2.6) |
64.000 |
64.000 |
64.000 |
64.000 |
Sodium Percarbonate |
|
|
67.000 |
67.000 |
Tetraacetylethylenediamine |
|
|
14.000 |
14.000 |
Sulfuric acid mono-C12-14-alkyl esters sodium salts |
127.570 |
127.570 |
127.570 |
127.570 |
Weylclean FeONIX |
|
1.00 |
|
1.000 |
Zeolite |
82.430 |
82.430 |
82.430 |
82.430 |
Water |
51.126 |
51.126 |
51.126 |
51.126 |
Processing Aids, Minors & Perfume |
130.943 |
130.943 |
130.943 |
130.943 |
Total dosage (ppm) |
4000.000 |
4000.750 |
4081.000 |
4082.000 |
[0117] Washing method: The following method demonstrates the ability of the example compositions to remove
stains during the wash process. The compositions were added separately into pots of
a tergotometer. The volume of each pot was 1 L. The wash temperature was set to 27
°C. Throughout the procedure, 21 gpg water was used. The wash solutions were agitated
for 1 minute (300rpm) before addition of fabrics (two internal replicates of each
stain, and additional knitted cotton ballast to make the total fabric weight up to
60 g). Once the fabrics were added, the wash solution was agitated for 17 minutes
(208rpm). The wash solutions were then drained and the fabrics were subject to a 5
minute rinse step before being drained and spun dry. This procedure was repeated a
further three times to give a total of four external replicates. The washed fabrics
were then dried overnight at 32
°C and 80%RH conditions before being analysed to measure the stain removal from the
fabric.
[0118] Stain Removal Analysis: The fabrics were analysed using commercially available image analysis software and
the SRI values were then calculated as described in the previous example.
Dopiaza |
Average SRI |
Standard Error |
Delta vs. Reference |
Comparative Composition 1 |
66.89 |
2.76 |
Reference |
Comparative Composition 2 |
85.22 |
1.37 |
18.33 |
Comparative Composition 4 |
68.09 |
3.68 |
Reference |
Comparative Composition 5 |
69.20 |
4.80 |
1.11 |
[0119] Dopiaza (turmeric-based stain) is used to evaluate the performance of the FeONIX
catalyst. The above example shows that FeONIX is not effective in the presence of
oxygen-based bleach.
[0120] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly
limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified,
each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40
mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".