Technical field of the invention
[0001] The invention relates to a mobile machine tool comprising:
- a movable lifting arm provided with at least one hydraulic line,
- a tool that is coupled to the lifting arm and provided with hydraulically movable
parts and at least one further hydraulic line,
- mechanical coupling means for coupling the tool with the lifting arm,
- hydraulic coupling means for coupling the hydraulic lines with each other,
whereby:
- the mechanical coupling means comprise:
- at least one coupling eye attached to the tool, as well as
- at least one coupling pin connected to the lifting arm, and
- first moving means, connected to the lifting arm, for moving the coupling pin between
a coupled position in the coupling eye and an uncoupled position out of the coupling
eye,
- the hydraulic coupling means comprise:
- a first coupling piece connected to the lifting arm, as well as
- a second coupling piece attached to the tool, and
- second moving means connected to the lifting arm, for moving the first coupling piece
between a coupled position in which the coupling pieces are hydraulically coupled
to each other and an uncoupled position in which the coupling pieces are disconnected
from each other.
[0002] Various tools (attachments) can be hung in the lifting arm, such as a closed bucket,
rubble bucket, pallet forks, stone clamp, lifting mast, stone rotator, sweeping broom,
manure fork with top clamp, but also augers, mowers and feed dosing containers. Due
to the possibility of connecting many different tools to the machine tool, the machine
tool is suitable for many different applications.
Background of the invention
[0003] Such a machine tool is generally known in the form of a shovel provided with a quick
coupling of which the mechanical and hydraulic coupling means form part and with which
a tool can be quickly connected to or disconnected from the lifting arm. If the tool
is not correctly mechanically connected to the lifting arm, the hydraulic coupling
cannot be performed properly and there is a risk of damage to the hydraulic couplings.
[0004] The hydraulic coupling can only take place if the tool is mechanically coupled to
the lifting arm in a correct manner. If a correct mechanical coupling has not taken
place, the hydraulic coupling can be damaged when activated.
[0005] There is also a known quick coupling in which the risk of damage is small, but this
known quick coupling requires that each tool be provided with a relatively expensive
coupling module in order to cooperate with the coupling module at the free end of
the lifting arm.
Summary of the invention
[0006] An object of the invention is to provide a machine tool of the type described in
the opening paragraph in which the hydraulic coupling means are damaged less quickly
and therefore need to be repaired less often and which does not require major adjustments
to existing tools. To this end, the machine tool according to the invention is characterized
in that it furthermore comprises:
- a switch present on the lifting arm for switching on the second moving means to move
the first coupling piece to the coupled position, as well as
- a sensor present on the tool for detecting the presence of the coupling pin in the
coupling eye,
- an actuator present on the tool for operating the switch present on the lifting arm
for switching on the second moving means, and
- a transmission present on the tool between the sensor and the actuator and configured
to activate the actuator as soon as the sensor detects the presence of the coupling
pin in the coupling eye.
[0007] Because the second moving means for coupling the hydraulic coupling pieces together
can only be activated if the coupling pin protrudes through the coupling eye, it is
ensured that the hydraulic coupling only takes place in case the mechanical coupling
has been carried out correctly. This greatly reduces the chance of the hydraulic couplings
being damaged during coupling.
[0008] An important further advantage of the machine tool according to the invention is
that it can cooperate with existing tools that are not provided with hydraulics without
these existing tools having to be adapted. Existing tools are not equipped with switches,
which means that the hydraulic coupling means on the lifting arm are not activated.
[0009] The second moving means for moving the first coupling piece can be hydraulic moving
means, for example a piston present in a cylinder to which the first coupling piece
is connected. These second moving means can, however, also be designed differently,
such as pneumatic or electromechanical, for example a spindle driven by an electric
motor that moves a spindle nut present on the spindle along the spindle, which spindle
nut is connected to the first coupling piece.
[0010] The transmission can be an electrical connection that transmits an electrical signal
from the sensor to the actuator, but preferably the transmission is a mechanical transmission.
A robust and reliable design of the mechanical transmission is characterized in that
the transmission is formed by a lever, of which one end is present in or near the
coupling eye and can be moved by the coupling pin and of which the other end is located
near the switch and can press it.
[0011] The hydraulic coupling may only engage after the mechanical coupling has been established.
The sensor detects the establishment of the mechanical coupling and activates the
actuator via the transmission. The actuator operates the switch that activates the
hydraulic coupling.
[0012] Another robust version of the mechanical transmission is characterized in that the
transmission is formed by a tube filled with roller bodies that are against each other
and have a diameter that is slightly smaller than the height of the tube and have
a width that is slightly smaller than the width of the tube such that if a rolling
body is pushed into the tube at one end of the tube, all rolling bodies in the tube
will move, whereby the rolling body at the other end of the tube is pushed out of
the tube, whereby in each end of the tube, a pin is present that can be partially
moved in and out of the tube, one of pins forms the sensor and can move the rolling
bodies in the tube and the other pin forms the actuator which can be moved by the
rolling bodies, and where one of the ends of the tube is present in or near the coupling
eye and the pin present in that end can be moved by the coupling pin and the other
end of the tube is present near the switch and the pin in that end can press the switch.
Preferably, the rolling bodies are formed by balls and the tube is designed as a tube
with a circular cross-section. This ensures that a movement of one of the pins is
transferred to a movement of the other pin without interference. This ensures reliable
operation of the switch.
[0013] In the known machine tool, the hydraulic coupling means are located in the lower
half of the free end of the lifting arm near the moving means for the coupling pin
and they are also operated by the moving means for moving the coupling pin. The disadvantage
of this is that the hydraulic coupling means regularly become contaminated or damaged
by dirt or debris on the ground. As a result, the hydraulic coupling means often need
to be cleaned or repaired.
[0014] An embodiment of the machine tool according to the invention in which there is less
chance of contamination or damage is characterized in that the mechanical coupling
means further comprise at least one coupling fork present on the lifting arm, as well
as a coupling bar present on the tool and which, if the tool is coupled to the lifting
arm, is coupled to the coupling fork, whereby the first and second hydraulic coupling
pieces are closer to the coupling bar than to the coupling eye. Preferably the first
and second hydraulic coupling pieces, seen in side view, are located at the location
of the coupling bars. By installing the hydraulic coupling in the upper half near
the coupling bars and coupling forks, there is less chance of contamination or damage.
[0015] The mechanical coupling means preferably comprise two parallel coupling forks of
which said coupling fork forms part, as well as two in-line coupling bars of which
said coupling bar forms part.
[0016] The mechanical coupling means preferably further comprise two in-line coupling pins
that can be moved in opposite directions, of which said coupling pin forms a part,
as well as two parallel coupling eyes of which said coupling eye forms a part.
Brief description of the drawings
[0017] The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary
embodiment of the machine tool according to the invention shown in the drawings, whereby:
Figure 1 shows the free end of the lifting arm provided with mechanical and hydraulic
coupling means in a side view;
Figure 2 shows the free end of the lifting arm shown in figure 1 in top view;
Figure 3 shows the tool provided with mechanical and hydraulic coupling means in side
view;
Figure 4 shows the tool shown in figure 3 in rear view;
Figure 5 shows the tool coupled to the lifting arm in side view with a first mechanical
embodiment of the transmission;
Figure 6 shows the tool shown in figure 5 coupled to the lifting arm in rear view;
Figure 7 shows the tool shown in figure 5 coupled to the lifting arm in rear view
with a second mechanical embodiment of the transmission; and
Figure 8 shows the tool shown in figure 5 coupled to the lifting arm in rear view
with an electrical embodiment of the transmission.
Detailed description of the drawings
[0018] In Figures 1 and 2, a lifting arm 1 of a machine tool is shown in side view and in
top view near the free end 3 of the lifting arm. In this embodiment the machine tool
is a wheel loader of which only part of the lifting arm 1 is shown. The lifting arm
1 is provided at the free end 3 with mechanical and hydraulic coupling means for coupling
with a tool.
[0019] The lifting arm 1 is connected at one end to a frame (not shown) of the machine tool
and at the other, free end 3 is provided with mechanical coupling means for coupling
to a tool. These mechanical coupling means are formed by two parallel coupling forks
5 and two movable coupling pins 7. To move these coupling pins 7, the lifting arm
1 is provided with moving means 9 formed by a hydraulic cylinder in which pistons
can be moved to which the coupling pins 7 are attached.
[0020] The free end 3 of the lifting arm 1 is further provided with hydraulic coupling means.
These hydraulic coupling means are formed by first hydraulic coupling pieces 11 (tube
pieces) that are present at the ends of hydraulic hoses 13. For moving the hydraulic
coupling pieces 11, the lifting arm 1 is further provided with further moving means
17 that can slide the hydraulic coupling pieces 11 into and out of a housing. These
further moving means 17 can be switched on by a switch 15 present on the lifting arm.
[0021] Figures 3 and 4 show a tool 21 designed as a shovel bucket in side view and in rear
view. The tool 21 is also provided with mechanical and hydraulic coupling means. The
mechanical coupling means of the tool 21 are formed by two coupling bars 23 with which
the coupling forks 5 can be coupled and two coupling eyes 25 into which the coupling
pins 7 can be inserted. The hydraulic coupling means are formed by second hydraulic
coupling pieces 27 to which the first hydraulic coupling pieces 11 can be coupled.
These second hydraulic coupling pieces 27 are also formed by pipe pieces into which
the first hydraulic coupling pieces 11 can be slid. The second hydraulic coupling
pieces 27 are connected via further hydraulic hoses 26 to hydraulic cylinders 28 for
rotating the shovel bucket (these hydraulic cylinders are not shown in Figures 4 and
6).
[0022] The tool 21 further has a sensor and an actuator. The sensor is formed by a sensor
pin 29 and the actuator by an actuator pin 31. The sensor pin 29 is present at the
location of one of the coupling eyes 25 and is moved during coupling or uncoupling
of the lifting arm 1 with the tool 21 by one of the coupling pins 7 during insertion
into the coupling eye 25 or withdrawal from the coupling eye 25. The actuator pin
31 is located at a distance from the sensor pin 29 and - after moving the sensor pin
29 - operates the switch 15 that is present on the end of the lifting arm 1. The switch
15 switches on the further moving means 17, which move the first hydraulic coupling
pieces 11 so that they are coupled to or disconnected from the second hydraulic coupling
pieces 27 on the tool 21.
[0023] Between the sensor pin 29 and the actuator pin 31 there is a mechanical transmission
formed by a tube 33 filled with balls 35. These balls are in contact with each other
and have a diameter that is almost equal to the inner diameter of the tube 33. The
sensor pin 29 and the actuator pin 31 are present in the ends of the tube 33 and are
in contact with the balls 35 in the ends of the tube 33. When pressing the sensor
pin 29 into the tube 33 through the coupling pin 7, the sensor pin 29 pushes the balls
35 through the tube 33 and at the other end of the tube the actuator pin 31 is partially
pushed out of the tube 33. During this movement the switch 15 is actuated.
[0024] In Figures 5 and 6, the tool coupled to the lifting arm is shown in side view and
in rear view. When coupling the lifting arm 1 with a tool 21, the coupling forks 5
are first slid around the coupling bars 23 by manipulating the lifting arm 1 and the
coupling forks 5. The coupling forks 5 are then rotated until the coupling pins 7
are located in front of the coupling eyes 25 on the tool 21. The coupling pins 7 are
then inserted into the coupling eyes 25 by the moving means 9. One of the coupling
pins 7 pushes the sensor pin 29 further into the tube 33. This sensor pin pushes away
the balls 35 present in the tube 33 and these balls 35 push the actuator pin 31 further
out of the tube 33. This actuator pin presses the switch 15 on the lifting arm 1,
which then switches on the further moving means 17. The further moving means 17 slide
the hydraulic coupling pieces 11 from a coupling block (housing) present on the lifting
arm 1 into the further hydraulic coupling pieces 27 that are present in a coupling
block (housing) present on the tool 21. During the mechanical coupling of the lifting
arm 1 with the tool 21, these two coupling blocks are positioned relative to each
other with the coupling pieces 11 and 27 directly opposite each other.
[0025] Figure 7 shows the tool coupled to the lifting arm, but now provided with a second
mechanical embodiment of the transmission. This transmission is formed by a lever
39. At one end of the lever there is a protrusion that forms the sensor and is in
contact with one of the coupling pins 7 and at the other end of the lever there is
a further protrusion that forms the actuator and is in contact with the switch 15.
If the coupling pin 7 protrudes through the coupling eye 25, it turns the lever 39,
which in turn presses the switch 15, causing the further moving means 17 to be activated.
[0026] Figure 8 shows the tool coupled to the lifting arm provided with an electrical embodiment
of the transmission. The sensor is formed by a switch 43 of an electrical circuit
41 and the actuator is formed by an electrical contact 45 that is connected to the
switch 15. If the coupling pin 7 protrudes through the coupling eye 25, it closes
the electrical switch 43, causing a current to flow through the electrical circuit
41. Via the electrical contact 45, the switch 15 is supplied with power, which in
turn activates the further moving means 17.
[0027] Although the invention has been elucidated in the foregoing with reference to the
drawings, it should be noted that the invention is by no means limited to the embodiment
shown in the drawings. The invention also extends to all embodiments deviating from
the embodiment shown in the drawings within the scope defined by the claims.
1. Mobile machine tool comprising:
- a movable lifting arm (1) provided with at least one hydraulic line (13),
- a tool (21) that is coupled to the lifting arm (1) and provided with hydraulically
movable parts and at least one further hydraulic line (26),
- mechanical coupling means for coupling the tool (21) with the lifting arm (1),
- hydraulic coupling means for coupling the hydraulic lines (13, 26) with each other,
whereby:
- the mechanical coupling means comprise:
- at least one coupling eye (25) attached to the tool (21), as well as
- at least one coupling pin (7) connected to the lifting arm (1), and
- first moving means (9), connected to the lifting arm (1), for moving the coupling
pin (7) between a coupled position in the coupling eye (25) and an uncoupled position
out of the coupling eye (25),
- the hydraulic coupling means comprise:
- a first coupling piece (11) connected to the lifting arm (1), as well as
- a second coupling piece (27) attached to the tool (21), and
- second moving means (17) connected to the lifting arm (1), for moving the first
coupling piece (11) between a coupled position in which the coupling pieces (11, 27)
are hydraulically coupled to each other and an uncoupled position in which the coupling
pieces (11, 27) are disconnected from each other,
characterized in that the machine tool furthermore comprises:
- a switch (15) present on the lifting arm (1) for switching on the second moving
means (17) to move the first coupling piece (11) to the coupled position, as well
as
- a sensor (29) present on the tool (21) for detecting the presence of the coupling
pin (7) in the coupling eye (25),
- an actuator (31) present on the tool (21) for operating the switch (15) present
on the lifting arm (1) for switching on the second moving means (17), and
- a transmission present on the tool between the sensor (29) and the actuator (31)
and configured to activate the actuator (31) as soon as the sensor (29) detects the
presence of the coupling pin (7) in the coupling eye (25).
2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission is a mechanical transmission.
3. Machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission is formed by a lever (39), of which one end is present in or near
the coupling eye (25) and can be moved by the coupling pin (7) and of which the other
end is located near the switch (15) and can press it.
4. Machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission is formed by a tube (33) filled with roller bodies (35) that are
against each other and have a diameter that is slightly smaller than the height of
the tube (33) and have a width that is slightly smaller than the width of the tube
(33) such that if a rolling body (35) is pushed into the tube (33) at one end of the
tube, all rolling bodies (35) in the tube will move, whereby the rolling body at the
other end of the tube is pushed out of the tube (33), whereby in each end of the tube
(33), a pin (29, 31) is present that can be partially moved in and out of the tube
(33), one of pins forms the sensor (29) and can move the rolling bodies (35) in the
tube (33) and the other pin forms the actuator (31) which can be moved by the rolling
bodies (35), and where one of the ends of the tube (33) is present in or near the
coupling eye (25) and the pin (29) present in that end can be moved by the coupling pin (7) and the other end of the tube (33) is present
near the switch (15) and the pin (31) in that end can press the switch (15).
5. Machine tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical coupling means further comprise at least one coupling fork (5) present
on the lifting arm (1), as well as a coupling bar (23) present on the tool and which,
if the tool is coupled to the lifting arm, is coupled to the coupling fork (5), whereby
the first and second hydraulic coupling pieces (11, 27) are closer to the coupling
bar (23) than to the coupling eye (25).
6. Machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that, seen in side view, the first and second hydraulic coupling pieces (11, 27) are present
at the location of the coupling bars (23).
7. Machine tool according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mechanical coupling means comprise two parallel coupling forks (5), of which
said coupling fork forms part, as well as two in-line coupling bars (23) of which
said coupling bar forms part.
8. Machine tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical coupling means comprise two in-line coupling pins (7) that can be
moved in opposite directions, of which said coupling pin forms part, as well as two
parallel coupling eyes (25) of which said coupling eye forms part.