The present invention refers to the field of turfs and, in particular, to a hybrid turf.
As known, hybrid turfs are portions of soil comprising natural (grass) and synthetic fibres, suitably interspersed, to obtain portions of lawn. The reinforcement imparted to natural fibres (natural grass) by synthetic fibres (artificial grass) ensures stability and a uniform playing surface immediately after installation.
The grass crown (heart) is then located between the artificial fibres covered with sand, where it is protected from wear and tear damage.
In some cases, synthetic turfs are constrained in an open-weave backing, clogged with specific sand.
In other cases, synthetic turfs do not provide backing elements and are directly "sewn" into the soil.
The Applicant has observed that whenever a new hybrid turf mat is to be installed at a site of use, the synthetic components of the old worn-out hybrid turf mat must be completely removed from the soil before the new hybrid turf can be installed. Removing the worn-out hybrid turf mat may not be easy, as the hybrid turf mat is often strongly interconnected with the roots of natural herbaceous plants. The disposal of the worn-out hybrid turf mat is challenging because the mixture of natural grass, dirt and synthetic materials, if undivided and washed, cannot be recycled, is expensive to dispose of and, therefore, has a strong environmental impact.
The Applicant has therefore observed that an ever increasing number of producers of hybrid and artificial grass have begun to replace the conventional fibres and backing materials with biodegradable materials.
For example,
The Applicant has however observed that the biodegradable fibres used to date do not allow a precise estimate of the biodegradability timings.
In fact, biodegradation is a process that depends on a plurality of environmental factors and on the actual life expectancy of an artificial or hybrid turf mat.
The Applicant has posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which is easy and economical to replace and dispose of and whose disposal does not result in a great environmental impact.
The Applicant has also posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which has precise biodegradability timings.
The Applicant has also posed the problem of the environmental impact of the current plastics used for this application, since they are in direct contact with the soil and aquifers.
Therefore the invention, in a first aspect thereof, relates to a hybrid turf comprising a plurality of synthetic fibres made of a biodegradable compound, wherein said biodegradable compound comprises polybutylene succinate adipate PBSA, characterised in that the amount of polybutylene succinate adipate is equal to or greater than 60% by weight.
The present invention, in the aforesaid aspect, may have at least one of the preferred features described hereunder.
Preferably, the plurality of fibres are grouped into skeins, each comprising a plurality of filiform elements made of said biodegradable compound; said filiform elements being twisted at least for a length of their extent.
Conveniently, the hybrid turf comprises a backing element for the plurality of fibres.
Advantageously, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) equal to or greater than 80% by weight.
Preferably, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) equal to or greater than 90% by weight.
Conveniently, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or less than 35% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Preferably, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or greater than 25% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Alternatively, the backing element comprises at least one first layer comprising a first net made of cotton or organic natural material, comprising meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow the natural grass to take root therein and in any case allow the roots to pass through it.
Preferably, the backing element comprises a second layer combined with said first layer, said second layer comprising a net made of said biodegradable compound.
Conveniently, the first net comprises meshes, each mesh being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range from 0.2 cm to 2 cm.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of some preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of a hybrid turf according to the present invention.
Such description will be set forth hereinafter with reference to the appended drawings provided for indicative, and therefore non-limiting, purpose only, wherein:
With reference to the figures, a turf, preferably hybrid, according to the present invention is denoted by the reference numeral 10.
The hybrid turf 10 further comprises a plurality of grass blades 15 which are alternated with the synthetic fibres 3, so as to make a substantially continuous mat of grass blades 15 and synthetic fibres 3.
When installed, the backing element 2 may have a substantially planar configuration comprising at least one first layer 4 made of a first net 5 made of a natural organic material, preferably cotton.
Preferably, the first net 5 comprises meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow the natural grass blades 15 to root inside it.
Conveniently, the first net 5 comprises meshes 8 which can be inscribed in a square with side in the range from 0.1 cm to 2 cm.
In the embodiment shown in
Preferably, the biodegradable material making the second net 7 is the same as the synthetic fibres 3.
The second net 7 comprises meshes 9 defining a plurality of openings.
For this purpose, the second net 7 comprises meshes 9 which can be inscribed, in plan view, in a square with side in the range from 0.2 cm to 2 cm.
In the embodiment shown in
Preferably, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6 by hot-melt gluing.
Even more preferably, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6 through a hot lamination process.
In production, during the step of combining the first layer 4 with the second layer 6, there is a substantial overlap between the meshes 8 of the first net 5 with the meshes 9 of the second net 7, so as to leave the openings adapted to allow the natural grass to cross the layers and take root thereunder.
In the embodiment shown in
The synthetic fibres 3 are grouped into skeins 11 distributed uniformly on the turf 10.
The synthetic fibres 3 are grouped into skeins 11 distributed uniformly on the hybrid turf 10 so as to form a fibre density per square metre (m2) in the range from 45000 fibres/m2 to 80000 fibres/m2.
Each skein 11, better shown in
The synthetic fibres 3 are therefore depicted by the filiform elements 12.
Each skein 11 comprises a number of filiform elements 12 or synthetic fibres 3 ranging from five to fifteen, preferably from six to twelve.
In each skein 11, the filiform elements 12 have the same extent ranging from 2 to 20 cm, including extremes.
In each skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together at least for a length T of their extent.
Preferably, in every skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 1/3 of their extent.
Preferably, in every skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 2/3 of their extent.
In the embodiment shown in
Preferably, in the embodiment shown in
As mentioned above, the synthetic fibres 3 are made of a biodegradable material.
Preferably, the synthetic fibres 3 are made of a biodegradable compound comprising at least 60% by weight of the total weight of the polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) compound.
According to a first embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises at least 90% by weight of the total weight of the polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) compound. Preferably, the biodegradable compound comprises at least 95% by weight of the total weight of the polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) compound. Even more preferably, the biodegradable compound comprises at least 97% by weight of the total weight of the polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) compound.
According to another embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) between 65% and 95% by weight of the total weight of the compound. Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) between 75% and 90% by weight of the total weight of the compound. Still according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or less than 25% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Even more preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or greater than 10% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
According to even another embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) between 60% and 90% by weight of the total weight of the compound. Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) between 65% and 75% by weight of the total weight of the compound. Still according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or less than 40% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or greater than 20% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or less than 35% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
Even more preferably, according to this embodiment, the biodegradable compound comprises an amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) equal to or greater than 25% by weight of the total weight of the compound.
When the hybrid turf is planted on a soil already prepared, it is filled with sand 14, so that the latter has a depth with respect to the backing element 2 of at least 10 cm, preferably a depth with respect to the backing element 2 of at most 30 cm.
Sands 14 suitable for the purpose are silica sands of various grain sizes, preferably USGA certified.
Once filled with sand 14, the hybrid turf 10 is sowed so that the grass blades 15 can take root and develop between a skein 11 and the next one.
As the roots of the grass blades 15 grow, they pass through the meshes of the backing element 2, thus constraining the hybrid turf 10 to the underlying soil.
According to this embodiment, the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a "V", are not combined with the backing element 2 (which is not present) but with the soil through suitable "sewing" machines.
This hybrid turf, as it is clear from the description above, has the following advantages:
Several changes can be made to the embodiments described in detail, all anyhow remaining within the protection scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.