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EP 4 479 566 A1

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(43) Date of publication: 25.12.2024 Bulletin 2024/52 (21) Application number: 23705240.2 (22) Date of filing: 13.02.2023

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  C22B 3/04(2006.01) G01N 23/04(2018.01) C22B 1/00(2006.01) C22B 3/06(2006.01) B07C 5/342(2006.01) C22B 11/00(2006.01) G01N 23/087(2018.01) C22B 7/00(2006.01) C22B 3/16(2006.01) B07C 5/34(2006.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): C22B 11/04; G01N 23/04; G01N 23/087; C22B 1/005; C22B 11/046; C22B 7/007; C22B 3/165; C22B 3/065; G01N 2223/04; G01N 2223/6113; G01N 2223/643; Y02P 10/20 (86) International application number: PCT/EP2023/053519 (87) International publication number: WO 2023/156345 (24.08.2023 Gazette 2023/34)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 18.02.2022 US 202263311609 P (71) Applicants: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives 75015 Paris (FR) Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 (SG)

(72) Inventors: GABRIEL, Jean-Christophe 38950 QUAIX-EN-CHARTREUSE (FR) XIA, Dong SINGAPORE 637907 (SG) (74) Representative: Gevers & Orès  Immeuble le Palatin 2 3 Cours du Triangle CS 80165 92939 Paris La Défense Cedex 92939 Paris La Défense Cedex (FR)