[0001] The invention relates to a layered construction element and to use of such a construction
element for constructing a building.
[0002] Population growth has resulted in an increasing need for housing. Economic growth
additionally results in greater demand for office space and commercial space. This
is why high targets are set for annual construction output.
[0003] A problem is that, with current techniques, construction projects often require a
large amount of workers and equipment, and additionally result in high quantities
of emissions. Use is often made in the construction industry of large equipment, such
as cranes, shovels, trucks and the like, usually provided with a combustion engine
and operated by specially trained personnel. During a construction project this equipment
and this personnel is usually present at the construction site for a relatively long
time, for instance six to twelve months per project. In the current economic climate
there is however a scarcity of people and resources, while strict requirements in
respect of emissions can stand in the way of building permits being granted.
[0004] The invention has for its object to obviate the drawbacks of conventional construction
techniques.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the invention, this is achieved by providing a layered
construction element, comprising a core which comprises a form-retaining insulating
material and comprises on at least one side of the core a plate of a construction
material, wherein the plate protrudes outside an edge of the core on at least one
end.
[0006] The combination of a construction material and an insulating material in a single
element fulfils two structural functions are simultaneously. The form-retaining insulating
material also has a load-bearing function here. Both the insulating value and the
load-bearing capacity of the construction element can be set through the choice of
thickness of the core. In practice this thickness can vary from less than 100 to more
than 300 mm, wherein a thermal insulating value Rc > 7 can be achieved. A very good
sound insulation is realized at the same time.
[0007] Having the plate protrude beyond the core enables two construction elements to be
placed adjacently of each other or on one another, wherein an optional gap or space
between the adjacent construction elements is covered. A bracing is thus furthermore
created between the construction elements, this enabling a construction to be formed
in relatively rapid and simple manner.
[0008] The individual construction elements are relatively simple to handle here, depending
on the chosen dimensions of the elements, this ensuring favourable working conditions
for construction workers. When building by means of the convenient construction elements,
there is furthermore no need to use heavy machinery such as cranes or shovels at the
construction site, whereby no problems arise in respect of emissions.
[0009] When the construction elements are used as wall elements, they can for instance have
a height of between 150 and 3000 mm and a length which can likewise vary between 150
and 3000 mm. In practice use can for instance be made construction elements with a
standard height of 300 mm and a standard length of 1200 mm. Such construction elements
are on one hand still readily manageable for construction workers, but on the other
hand are sufficiently large to be able to form a building or building part relatively
rapidly.
[0010] Construction elements that must serve as floor elements can for instance have a width
of 600 mm by a thickness of 300 mm, and a length which is determined by the dimensions
of the building in which the floor is placed. This length can then amount to several
metres.
[0011] In an embodiment plates which protrude outside the edge of the core on at least one
end are arranged on both sides of the core. The insulating material of the core is
thus protected and concealed from view on both sides, which may be important for wall
elements and ceiling elements. The protruding plates here form as it were a rebate.
[0012] In a further embodiment the core protrudes outside an edge of the at least one plate.
A receiving space, in which a protruding part of a plate of an adjacent construction
element can be received, is thus formed adjacently of the plate.
[0013] The core can here protrude outside edges of the plates on both sides thereof, whereby
receiving spaces are formed on both sides of the construction element.
[0014] In an embodiment the construction element has two opposite ends, wherein the at least
one plate protrudes outside the edge of the core on one of the ends and the core protrudes
outside the edge of the at least one plate on the opposite end. Construction elements
can thus be placed adjacently of each other or on one another in the same direction,
wherein the protruding plate edges fall over the protruding core edges.
[0015] In a further embodiment the construction element has two pairs of ends lying opposite
each other, wherein the at least one plate protrudes outside the edge of the core
on one of the ends of each pair and the core protrudes outside the edge of the at
least one plate on the opposite end of that pair. The construction elements can thus
be placed adjacently of each other and on one another in two directions.
[0016] The core and the plates can be flat on both sides. The construction elements can
thus be used to construct flat parts of a building, such as walls and floors.
[0017] The protruding of edges of the plate or plates and the core can be achieved in simple
manner when each plate has the same dimensions as the core and is connected to the
core staggered in two directions. The dimensions of the plates can here be slightly
smaller than those of the core, thus ensuring that adjacent construction elements
rest on or against each other with their cores and that a join remains free in each
case between the adjacent plates.
[0018] In an embodiment of the construction element the core is provided on both sides with
a cover layer which extends substantially over the whole surface thereof. Such a cover
layer prevents the insulating material of the core from becoming exposed along the
edges where the core protrudes.
[0019] Each cover layer can here be arranged between the core and the at least one plate,
i.e. the plates are arranged on the cover layer on both sides.
[0020] When each cover layer is manufactured from a similar construction material as the
plate, a homogeneous construction element is obtained which can be manufactured and
processed in simple manner.
[0021] The construction material can here comprise a cement-based fibre-reinforced material
which is relatively strong and stiff. Examples of suitable construction materials
are Cempanel
®, a cement-bound wood particle board, or Siniat Bluclad, a fibre cement board on the
basis of Portland cement and organic reinforcing fibres. Such a construction material
can be non-flammable and be resistant to for instance moulds, bacteria, insects, vermin,
moisture and rot. The construction material can be alkali-resistant and meet the requirements
for fire class A2, s1 and d0, with a fire protection ability of K
210. The cement-based fibre-reinforced material can also be well able to withstand
varying temperatures, and can be airtight but vapour-permeable. In addition, a high
impact resistance and a high load resistance is achieved with such a cement-based
fibre-reinforced material.
[0022] The insulating material of the core can comprise a foam material which is light,
provides a high degree of insulation, and additionally can impart a considerable load-bearing
capacity. Suitable materials are for instance EPS (expanded polystyrene) or PIR (polyisocyanurate).
XPS (extruded polystyrene) can also be usable.
[0023] In an embodiment at least one channel extends through the core between two mutually
opposite ends of the construction element, which channel has an inlet on both sides.
A tensioning member, whereby adjacent construction elements can be pulled against
each other in order to fix the construction, can for instance be carried through this
channel. It is hereby possible to dispense with the use of fastening means such as
screws, bolts or nails, while adhesives such as glue or mastic need not be applied
either. The mutual fastening of the construction elements can thus be brought about
in rapid and simple manner, and can also be released again in relatively simple manner.
The tensioning member can have a length which amounts to at least double the corresponding
dimension of the construction element, but can also be longer. It can be constructed
from segments with a standard length, which can be coupled to each other. The tensioning
member can be manufactured from a metal, for instance stainless steel, but the use
of a plastic composite material, for instance reinforced with tensively strong fibres
such as carbon fibres, can also be envisaged.
[0024] The channel can be formed during manufacture of the construction element, but can
also be formed at the construction site. Depending on the dimensions of the construction
element a plurality of parallel channels can be formed, this resulting in flexibility
in the placing of the tensioning members. The channels can otherwise also be used
to receive cabling and/or conduits.
[0025] In a further embodiment at least one groove extends between two mutually opposite
ends of the construction element along one of the edges of the core. A tensioning
member can also be placed in this groove. As desired, the grooves can also already
be formed mechanically during manufacture of the construction element, or they can
be formed on site, for instance using a heated cutting tool. Depending on the expected
loads, one or more grooves can be formed. A tensioning member need not be arranged
in every layer of construction elements, so need not be used until for instance in
the third or fourth layer of construction elements, which are (or will be) provided
with the grooves.
[0026] The groove can for instance extend perpendicularly of the channel, whereby tensioning
members can be arranged in two directions and the construction can be fixed in two
directions. The mutually perpendicular tensioning members can here be connected to
each other, for instance by means of a bracket, this creating a single tensioning
construction which branches off in multiple directions. For this purpose the groove
and/or the channel can be widened locally in order to create space for receiving the
connecting element or the bracket.
[0027] In another embodiment at least one groove extends between two mutually opposite ends
of the construction element on at least one side of the core. This groove can also
serve to receive a tensioning member or to receive cabling and/or conduits. The groove
can additionally function as cavity, for instance for ventilation.
[0028] In yet another embodiment the core comprises at least one beam extending between
two mutually opposite ends thereof. Such a beam strengthens and stiffens the construction
element further, which is important particularly when the construction element is
applied as floor element. Beams can here be arranged on both sides of the insulating
material of the core. At least one of the beams can then have a width such that it
supports the plates of two adjacent construction elements. The beam or beams can be
made of wood, which has preferably been preserved in order to guarantee a long lifespan.
[0029] The core, the plate or plates, the optional cover layers and the optional beam or
beams can be glued to each other. The construction element can thus be manufactured
in rapid and simple manner.
[0030] In an embodiment the construction element is further provided with at least one passage
opening extending through the plates and the core. Such a passage opening can be used
to carry for instance conduits through walls or floors.
[0031] According to another aspect, the invention provides a building part comprising a
number of mutually connected construction elements of the above described type. Such
a building part can be constructed at a separate production location, for instance
in a factory, and then be transported to the construction site. Prefabricating a significant
part of the building, for instance a wall or floor, in this manner under controlled
conditions is efficient and limits the construction time.
[0032] According to an embodiment, two adjacent construction elements are here connected
such that the protruding edge of the at least one plate of a first construction element
overlaps the protruding edge of the core of a second construction element.
[0033] Two adjacent construction elements can particularly be connected such that the protruding
edge of the core of the second construction element is received in a rebate formed
by the protruding edges of the plates of the first construction element.
[0034] In an embodiment the adjacent construction elements are connected releasably to each
other. This enables the building part to be dismantled by removing the construction
elements from each other again. The construction elements can then be reused elsewhere.
[0035] When construction elements with one or more channels therein are applied in such
a building part, these construction elements can be connected to each other by a tensioning
member protruding through mutually connecting channels in adjacent construction elements.
Such a tensioning member presses the construction elements against each other and
biases the building part.
[0036] In addition, use can be made for the building part of construction elements with
a groove along one of their edges, wherein the construction elements are connected
to each other by a tensioning member arranged in mutually connecting grooves in adjacent
construction elements. The grooves can be directed perpendicularly of the channels,
whereby the building part can be biased in two perpendicular directions, so horizontally
and vertically. The tensioning members which are arranged in the channels can here
cross the tensioning members in the grooves, and be connected thereto for an optimal
bracing in the building part.
[0037] In an embodiment the building part can further be provided with at least one cover
element for covering an exposed part of the core of at least one of the construction
elements. The exposed part of the core of a construction element along an edge of
the building part can be protected against ambient influences by means of such a cover
element.
[0038] According to yet another aspect, the invention provides a building comprising a number
of mutually connected building parts and/or a number of mutually connected construction
elements of the above described types.
[0039] The invention further provides a method for constructing a layered construction element.
According to the invention, such a method comprises the steps of i) providing a core
of a form-retaining insulating material; ii) providing at least one plate of a construction
material; and iii) arranging the at least one plate on the core, such that it protrudes
outside an edge of the core on at least one end.
[0040] Embodiments of this method form the subject-matter of the dependent claims 28-35.
[0041] The invention also provides a method for constructing a building part of the above
described type. According to the invention, such a method comprises the steps of a)
providing a number of construction elements of the above described type, b) placing
two construction elements against each other such that the protruding edge of the
at least one plate of a first construction element overlaps the protruding edge of
the core of a second construction element, and c) mutually connecting the construction
elements placed against each other.
[0042] Embodiments of this method are described in dependent claims 37-39.
[0043] Finally, the invention provides a method for constructing a building. According to
the invention, such a method comprises the steps of A) providing a number of construction
elements and/or a number of building parts of the above described types, B) placing
in each case at least two construction elements and/or building parts against each
other, and C) mutually connecting the construction elements and/or building parts
placed against each other.
[0044] Embodiments of this method are described in dependent claims 41-43. In step C) of
the method of claim 42 the tensioning member can here first be placed on and fastened
onto a ground surface, for instance a foundation, and the construction elements can
then be slid downward with their channels over these tensioning elements.
[0045] In a further embodiment of this method a ground level floor, a wall and a storey
floor are provided as building parts in step A), and in step B) the wall is placed
on the ground level floor and the storey floor is placed on the wall. Therefore, the
wall thus supports the storey floor. This manner of constructing is particularly suitable
for relatively low buildings, wherein the number of storeys is limited and the load
exerted thereby on the walls will therefore be relatively small.
[0046] On the other hand, it is possible to envisage a ground level floor and a storey floor
to be provided as building parts in step A), wherein a truss is further provided,
and wherein in step B) the truss is placed on the ground level floor and the storey
floor is placed on the truss. This construction method is more suitable for relatively
higher buildings, where the load exerted by the several storeys exceeds the load-bearing
capacity of the walls. This load is then transferred via the truss directly to the
ground level floor, which has sufficient load-bearing capacity. The truss can here
be manufactured from steel or wood.
[0047] Just as the described methods for construction thereof, the construction element,
building part and building as described above can be applied both in residential construction
and in utility construction. Possible fields of application are urban regeneration,
renovation or temporary housing.
[0048] The invention is now elucidated on the basis of a number of examples, wherein reference
is made to the accompanying drawing in which corresponding components are designated
with the same reference numerals, and in which:
Fig. 1A, 1B and 1C show respectively a front view, side view and top view of a first
embodiment of a construction element according to the invention, which is intended
as wall element,
Fig. 2A-C show three views corresponding with Fig. 1A-C of a second embodiment, wherein
channels are formed in a core of the construction element,
Fig. 3A and 3B show a front view and a side view of a building part according to an
embodiment of the invention, which forms a wall,
Fig. 4A-C show three views corresponding with Fig. 1 and 2 of a third embodiment of
the construction element, which can be used as part of a ground level floor,
Fig. 5A and 5B show a front view and a top view of a building part according to an
embodiment of the invention, which forms a floor,
Fig. 6A-C show three views corresponding with Fig. 4 of a fourth embodiment of the
construction element, which can be used as part of a storey floor or flat roof,
Fig. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through parts of a building constructed
from construction elements according to the invention,
Fig. 8 shows a section corresponding with Fig. 7 which shows a detail of a sloping
roof,
Fig. 9 shows a section corresponding with Fig. 7 which shows a detail of a foundation,
Fig. 10 shows a cross-section through the building of Fig. 7,
Fig. 11 shows schematically the construction of a tensioning member for fixing construction
elements,
Fig. 12A, 12B and 12C show top views of different corner connections between two construction
elements,
Fig. 13 shows a longitudinal section through a building part which comprises a number
of construction elements fixed by a tensioning member,
Fig. 14 shows a detail view on enlarged scale as according to arrow XIV in Fig. 13,
Fig. 15 shows a flow diagram which shows a method for constructing a construction
element,
Fig. 16 shows a flow diagram which shows a method for constructing a building part,
Fig. 17 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of the construction element
according to the invention;
Fig. 18A-C show three views corresponding with Fig. 1A-C of yet another embodiment,
wherein the core of the construction element is interrupted locally, and
Fig. 19A-C show three views corresponding with Fig. 18A-C of an embodiment of the
construction element, wherein grooves are formed in the surface of the core.
[0049] A layered construction element 1 according to the invention comprises a core 2 having
in the shown embodiment on either side thereof a plate 3 of a construction material
(Fig. 1). The core 2 comprises a form-retaining insulating material, for instance
a plastic foam material such as EPS, PIR or XPS. The construction material of the
plates 3 can comprise a cement-based fibre-reinforced material. Plates 3 protrude
at one end outside an edge 4 of core 2. On the other side the core 2 protrudes outside
edges 5 of plates 3 on an opposite end.
[0050] In the shown embodiment the construction element 1 is rectangular and has two pairs
of ends lying opposite each other. The plates 3 here in each case protrude outside
the corresponding edge 4, 6 of the core 2 on one of the ends of each pair, and at
the opposite end of this pair the core 2 protrudes outside the corresponding edges
5, 7 of the plates. In the shown embodiment this is achieved in that each plate 3
has the same dimensions as core 2, and is connected to core 2 staggered in two directions.
[0051] In order to create joins between adjacent construction elements 1, the dimensions
of plates 3 are otherwise slightly smaller than those of core 2. Core 2 thus has here
a length
lk and a height
hk, while plates 3 have a length
lk -
x, and a height amounting to
hk -
y. In the shown embodiment the length
lk and the height
hk of the construction element 1 can amount to respectively 1200 mm and 300 mm. Both
the length difference x and the height difference y between plates 3 and core 2 can
then amount to for instance about 10 mm, which then determines the width of the join.
[0052] The protruding plates 3 in each case form along two sides of the construction element
1 a rebate 8, 9 in which the protruding core 2 of an adjacent construction element
1 can be received. In the shown embodiment the depth of the rebate can be 20 mm, while
the core 2 can here protrude 30 mm beyond the corresponding edges 5, 7 of plates 3.
[0053] In the shown embodiment the core 2 is otherwise provided on both sides with a cover
layer 10 which extends substantially of the whole surface thereof. These cover layers
10, which are arranged between core 2 and plates 3, are here manufactured from a similar
construction material as plates 3. Cover layer 10 can be glued to core 2 and to plates
3, whereby a robust construction element 1 is obtained.
[0054] Because the plates 3 have slightly smaller dimensions than the core 2 in both directions,
loads between adjacent construction elements 1 will be transferred in the form of
pressure forces on cores 2 - and the optional cover layers 10. The permissible load
is determined here by the material of the core 2 and the optional cover layers 10
on one hand and the available surface area, this corresponding with the thickness
of the core 2 and the optional cover layers 10, on the other.
[0055] The thickness of the core 2 additionally also determines the degree of insulation,
both heat insulation and sound insulation, which can be achieved with the construction
element 1. The stability of a building part which is formed by a number of mutually
connected construction element 1 also increases the greater the contact surface between
the adjacent construction elements.
[0056] In order to enable the construction elements 1 to be connected to each other each
construction element 1 can be provided with one or more channels 11 (Fig. 2) for receiving
a tensioning member 12 (Fig.3). Each channel 11 extends between two mutually opposite
ends of the construction element. In the shown embodiment the construction element
1 is provided with two parallel channels 11 which are formed symmetrically relative
to the centre of the construction element 1. A determined thickness of the core 2
may be necessary, also to create sufficient space for such channels 11. In the shown
embodiment the construction element 1 of Fig. 2 with the channels 11 has a thickness
of 300 mm, while the solid construction element 1 of Fig. 1 has a thickness of 100
mm. This latter element is particularly suitable for forming inside walls in a building,
while the thicker construction element 1 of Fig. 2 is suitable for forming an outside
wall. The cover layers 10 and the plates 3 can here for instance each have a thickness
of 10 mm, while the core 2 can have a thickness of respectively 60 mm (Fig. 1) and
260 mm (Fig. 2).
[0057] A tensioning member 12 need otherwise not be received in each channel 11. The number
of tensioning members 12 needed to connect the construction elements 1 to each other
to form a building part 13, for instance a wall 39, depends on the expected loads
on this building part 13. A building part 13 in the form of an outside wall of a building
is thus shown in Fig. 3, wherein the construction elements 1 are placed in a so-called
"half-brick" bond, which means that construction element 1 overlap each other over
half of their length in successive layers. In this embodiment, in some layers, a part
of the construction elements is not connected directly to one of the tensioning members
12, while most of the remaining construction elements 1 are each connected to only
a single tensioning member 12. In the shown embodiment "half' construction elements,
these having only a single channel 11, are also applied in addition to "whole" construction
elements 1. These half construction element 1 can simply be formed by sawing whole
construction elements.
[0058] Each tensioning member 12 can be constructed from a number of segments 14 with threaded
ends 15, which can be connected to each other by means of nuts 16. A bottom segment
14 can be anchored in a foundation 17 on which the building part 13 is placed. When
the foundation 17 has a reinforcement 20, the tensioning member 12 can be attached
thereto (Fig. 11). The length of the segments 14 can be chosen such that each segment
protrudes through a number of layers of construction elements 1. In the shown embodiment
the segments are each 1000 mm long, and can thus bridge three construction elements
1. The upper segment 14 can be provided with a tensioning nut 16 with a washer (not
shown here), whereby the stacked construction elements 1 are pressed tightly against
each other when nut 16 is tensioned.
[0059] In the shown embodiment a window 18 is otherwise also arranged in the wall 39, which
window is provided with a window frame 19.
[0060] Instead of forming channels 11 that are closed on all sides in core 2, core 2 can
also be constructed from strips of insulating material 61, between which spaces 62
are then in each case formed (Fig. 18). These spaces 62 then in turn form with the
plates 3 and/or cover layers 10 on either side channels which are closed on all sides,
which are not only suitable for receiving tensioning members 12 but in which cables
and/or conduits can also be accommodated. Because the core 2 is interrupted locally
in this embodiment of the construction element 1, it is particularly suitable for
application in an inside wall, where insulation is of lesser importance.
[0061] A construction element 1 which is suitable for application in outside walls can be
provided with grooves 63 in the surface of the core 2 (Fig. 19) instead of channels
11 which extend through the core 2. Each of these grooves 63 then once again forms
with the adjacent plate 3 and/or cover layer 10 a channel which is closed on all sides.
Although a series of grooves 63 is formed on both sides of the core 2 in the shown
embodiment, core 2 can also have a flat side and a side with one or more grooves 63.
Tensioning members 12 can once again be received in grooves 63, although these grooves
can also function as cavity, for instance for ventilation. When the grooves 63 are
formed in the side of core 2 directed toward the interior of a building, they can
once again also serve to receive cables, conduits, wall sockets and the like.
[0062] In another embodiment of the construction element 1, which is intended particularly
for forming a ground level floor, a plate 3 of a construction material is arranged
on only one side of the core 2 (Fig. 4). The other side of core 2, which will be directed
toward the ground surface in use, is not covered. In this embodiment there is no cover
layer either. In this embodiment the core 2 further comprises one or more beams 21,
22, which extend over the length
lk thereof in order to impart the necessary strength and stiffness to the construction
element 1 to enable it to be walked on. In the shown embodiment the beam 22 is here
relatively thick, so that it forms the part of core 2 which protrudes beyond the edge
7 of plate 3. Plate 3 is also relatively thick, the shown embodiment 18 mm, and can
here be formed from Cempanel
®. Beams 21, 22 can be manufactured from preserved wood and can be glued to the plate
3 and to the core 2.
[0063] In this embodiment the plate 3 protrudes on the end lying opposite beam 22 beyond
the edge 6 of core 2, which is here formed by beam 21. This protruding part of plate
3 in turn overlaps the protruding part of the beam 22 of an adjacent construction
element 1. In addition, plate 3 protrudes beyond core 2 on both short ends. Core 2
is covered on both of these ends by a separate coupling slat 23.
[0064] In this embodiment the dimensions in width and thickness direction are fixed, but
the length is determined by the chosen application. The construction element 1 will
normally rest on a foundation with both its short ends. The width dimension of plate
3 is here otherwise once again smaller than the width dimension of core 2 - determined
by the end surfaces of beams 21 and 22. A join 24 is therefore in each case formed
between plates 3 of adjacent construction elements 1 when construction elements 1
are placed adjacently of each other in order to form a building part 13, in this case
a floor 40, particularly a ground level floor (Fig. 5).
[0065] In yet another embodiment of the construction element 1, which is intended particularly
to form a storey floor 41 or flat roof 42, two plates 3 of a construction material
are once again arranged on either side of core 2 (Fig. 6). The protruding edges of
plates 3 once again form a rebate 9 in which the protruding beam 22 of an adjacent
construction element can be received.
[0066] The plate 3 which comes to lie at the top and must be able to be walked on during
use takes a slightly thicker form here than the plate 3 on the underside, which serves
mostly to conceal core 2 from view. This lower plate 3 will form the ceiling of a
space in the building, and must therefore also be suitable for suspending for instance
lighting elements therefrom. The upper plate can once again have a thickness of 18
mm, and can once again be formed from Cempanel
®, while a thickness of for instance 10 mm can suffice for the lower plate 3, which
can be formed from Bluclad here.
[0067] In the shown embodiment the construction element is intended as part of a storey
floor 41 and has a number of passage openings 25 extending through core 2 and plate
3 on either side. These openings 25 are intended for passage of conduits, for instance
electricity lines or water conduits, from a space on one side of construction element
1 to a space on the other side. The construction of this embodiment of the construction
element is further identical to that of the construction element of Fig. 4, including
the use of a separate coupling slat 23 for covering the exposed end of core 2.
[0068] The embodiments of the construction element 1 according to Fig. 4 or Fig. 6 can otherwise
also be provided with passage openings for tensioning members, as will be discussed
below.
[0069] Fig. 7 shows several details of a building constructed using construction elements
1 according to different embodiments of the invention. In this drawing the tensioning
member is shown only partially.
[0070] A first layer of construction elements 1-1 is arranged on so-called strip footing
17, which can for instance be applied in sandy soil. This is a filler layer which
will not be loaded, since use is made in the shown embodiment of separate wooden or
steel trusses 26, 27 for absorbing loads. The lower truss 26 has here a closed, rectangular
construction with a lower beam 28, two truss legs 29 and an upper beam 30 (Fig. 10).
The upper truss 27 has here an open, inverse U-shaped construction with an upper beam
32 which rests on two truss legs 31, these in turn resting on the upper beam 30 of
lower truss 26. The lower truss 26 is placed on adjusting anchors 33, which are anchored
in the foundation 17 and whereby the height of truss 26 above the ground surface can
be adjusted.
[0071] In the shown embodiment the ground level floor 40, which is constructed from construction
elements 1-2 of the type as shown in Fig. 6, rests on the lower beam 28 of lower truss
26. Depending on the dimensions of the building, trusses 26, 27 are in each case disposed
at the position of the outside walls, and optionally also therebetween, in order to
limit the span. In the shown embodiment the storey floor 41 rests on the upper beam
30 of lower truss 26 and is constructed from construction elements 1-5, likewise as
shown in Fig. 6. As stated, the upper truss 27 rests on the lower truss 26. In the
shown embodiment the upper beam 32 of upper truss 27 supports the flat roof 42, which
is constructed from construction elements 1-8, likewise as shown in Fig. 6.
[0072] Between the ground level floor 40, the storey floor 41 and the flat roof 42 the outside
wall is constructed from layers of construction elements 1-3, 1-4, 1-6 and 1-7. These
are construction elements as shown in Fig. 2 and 3, which are provided with channels
11 for receiving a tensioning member 12. Fig. 7 shows the different segments 14 of
the tensioning member and several nuts 16. As can be seen in Fig. 7, each tensioning
member also protrudes through the construction elements of the floors 40, 41 and 42,
which are provided for this purpose with passage openings. These passage openings
are similar to the passage openings 25 as shown in Fig. 6, but are arranged at different
positions, in line with channels 11.
[0073] The exposed ends of construction elements 1-2, 1-5 and 1-8 forming the different
floors 40, 41 and the flat roof 42 are covered by cover elements 34, 35 in the shown
embodiment. Each cover element 34, 35 has here two layers which are staggered relative
to each other, so that the relevant cover element fits in the pattern of overlapping
edges of the construction elements 1. In cover element 34 the layers are staggered
on the upper and lower side and in cover element 35, which must form an upper border
along the flat roof 42, only on the lower side.
[0074] Fig. 8 shows a detail corresponding with the upper part of Fig. 7, but wherein a
sloping roof 43 is placed on a storey floor 41. The storey floor 41 is formed by construction
elements 1-8 of the type as shown in Fig. 6, and the sloping roof 43 is constructed
from construction elements 1-9, these likewise being of the type shown in Fig. 6.
In this drawing the upper segment 14 of tensioning member 12 can be seen, which is
tensioned relative to a wall plate 45 with a nut 16. A gutter element 37 is mounted
on the cover element 35 in this embodiment. It can further be seen that the sloping
roof 43 supports a roof boarding 47 to which are fastened tile laths 46 which support
roof tiles 38.
[0075] Fig. 9 shows a detail of a foundation 17 on piles 36, which forms an alternative
for the bottom part of Fig. 7. In this variant the ground level floor 40 is placed
directly on foundation 17, without interposing of a truss. The outside wall 39 is
therefore supported here by the ground-level floor 40, which is possible in the case
of a lightly loaded construction, such as a bungalow. The exposed end of construction
element 1-1 is covered here with a cover element 44, the two layers of which are staggered
only on the upper side, so that this cover element 44 can form a lower border.
[0076] Fig. 12 shows several options for connecting mutually perpendicular walls, such as
two outside walls 39A, 39B or an outside wall 39 and an inside wall 54.
[0077] In the solution as shown in Fig. 12A a construction element 1a of an outside wall
39A is fastened on the side where core 2 protrudes beyond plates 3 with its exposed
end directly to a side surface of a construction element 1b of an outside wall 39B.
The exposed end of core 2 of element 1a is here adhered by means of a layer of adhesive
49, for example glue or mastic, to the inner plate 3 of element 1b. In order to protect
the exposed end of construction element 1b against ambient influences a rectangular
cover element 48 is arranged in the rebate 8 between the protruding plates 3. This
cover element 48 is also attached with a layer of adhesive 49. This is a permanent
connection, which must be cut loose in order to enable the building to be dismantled.
[0078] In the solution as shown in Fig. 12B a part of the core 2 has been removed from the
inner plate 3 and from the inner cover layer 10 of construction element 1a. Element
1a thereby has an exposed cutting surface 55, which is once again adhered to the inner
plate 3 of construction element 1b using a layer of adhesive 49. The exposed end of
construction element 1b is here covered by the protruding cover layer 10 and plate
3 of element 1a. This renders a separate cover element unnecessary.
[0079] It is once again the case here that a permanent connection is brought about, which
must be cut loose in order to enable the building to be dismantled.
[0080] The same applies for the solution shown in Fig. 12C. As in Fig. 12A, the exposed
end of the core 2 of construction element 1a of the inside wall is here fastened directly
to a side surface of construction element 1b of outside wall 39. The core 2 of inside
wall 54 is adhered to the inner plate 3 of outside wall 39 via a layer of adhesive
49.
[0081] In addition to the glue connection there is in many cases also a mechanical connection
between the walls 39(A,B), 54. This is because construction elements 1a, 1b are each
provided with one or two grooves 57 in an upper edge or upper surface 58 of the core
2 (Fig. 17), in which one or two tensioning members 50 are received. Each tensioning
member 50 comprises a number of segments 51, which are provided with threaded ends
(not shown here), and which are coupled to each other by nuts 52. The tensioning members
50 in the horizontal grooves 57 ensure that the construction elements 1a, 1b are pulled
against each other in horizontal direction. These tensioning members 50 therefore
provide for a horizontal bracing in a building part 13, whereas the tensioning members
12 in channels 11 pull construction element 1 toward foundation 17 and provide for
a vertical bracing.
[0082] As can be seen, there is sufficient space in the relatively thick construction elements
1a, 1b forming the outside walls 39(A,B) to form two parallel grooves in which two
parallel tensioning members 50 can be received. In the relatively thinner construction
element 1a of inside wall 54 in Fig. 12C there is space for only a single groove and
a single tensioning member 50.
[0083] The grooves 57 and tensioning members 50 in the outside walls 39A, 39B form a continuous
whole. The grooves 57 and tensioning members 50 in the construction element 1b defining
the end of outside wall 39B even go around a bend here, so that they must be guided
through cover layer 10 and plate 3 to be able to connect to the straight grooves 57
and tensioning members 50 in the construction element 1a of outside wall 39A. The
tensioning member 50 of inside wall 54 is however perpendicular to the tensioning
members 50 of outside wall 39. This tensioning member 50 is connected to the inner
tensioning member 50 of outside wall 39 by means of a T-piece 56. This T-piece 56
is fastened to the outer end of the tensioning member 50 of inside wall 54 and engages
in transverse direction on the inner tensioning member 50 of outside wall 39.
[0084] In the shown embodiment the vertical and horizontal tensioning members 12, 50 are
connected mechanically to each other by means of bracket 53 which engage round the
horizontal tensioning members 50 and have a central opening through which a vertical
tensioning member 12 can protrude (Fig. 13, 14). Received in inside wall 54 is a smaller
bracket 53 which engages on the single tensioning member 50. The brackets 53 are in
each case received in a locally widened part 60 of groove 57 - in the case of a small
bracket 53 in the inside wall 54, see Fig. 12C - or in a recess 60 between the two
grooves 57 (Fig. 12A, B, Fig. 13, 14). The vertical tensioning member 12 is fixed
in the bracket 53 by means of tensioning nuts 59 above and under bracket 53. With
this connection the vertical and horizontal tensioning members 12, 50 form as it were
a three-dimensional reinforcing lattice in the building. As can be seen in Fig. 13
and Fig. 14, it is not necessary to arrange grooves 57 and horizontal tensioning members
50 in each layer of construction elements 1. In the shown embodiment construction
elements 1 which are provided with grooves 57, and which are therefore suitable for
receiving horizontal tensioning members 50, are received in each third layer.
[0085] It can otherwise be seen clearly in Fig. 13 and 14 that the construction elements
1 which are placed on one another support on each other with the upper and lower edges
of the core 2 - and in this case also of the cover layers 10 - when they are pulled
against each other by the vertical tensioning member 12. The plates 3 of construction
material, which have slightly smaller dimensions than the core 2 and the cover layers
10, do not come into contact with each other but form a join 24. This applies not
only in vertical direction but also in horizontal direction, as can be seen in Fig.
3.
[0086] A method 100 for constructing a layered construction element 1 as described above
is shown schematically in the flow diagram of Fig. 15. This method 100 comprises step
101 of providing a core 2 which comprises a form-retaining insulating material and
step 102 of providing one or more plates 3 of a construction material. The plates
3 can here have slightly smaller dimensions than the core 2.
[0087] If desired, the core 2 can be provided immediately in step 107 with one or more channels
11 and/or grooves 57 for receiving tensioning members 12, 50. These channels 11 and/or
grooves 57 can be formed in the core 2 by a machining, thermal and/or chemical process.
Step 107 could optionally even be combined with step 101 in that channels 11 and/or
grooves 57 could be formed as integral part of the core 2.
[0088] When construction element 1 is intended as floor or roof element, the core 2 can
be provided in step 104 with one or more beams 21, 22 which extend between two ends
of the core 2. These beams 21, 22 can be connected (optionally temporarily) to the
insulating material of the core 2, or be placed in a mould together therewith.
[0089] One or more cover layers 10 can then be arranged on core 2 in step 105. Such cover
layers 10 are not needed for every application of construction element 1, and this
step is therefore optional. The cover layer(s) 10 can be arranged on one side or on
both sides of the core 2, and can cover the whole surface of the core 2. In this step
the cover layer(s) can be connected (optionally temporarily) to the insulating material
of the core 2, or be placed in a mould together therewith.
[0090] The core 2, including any beams 21, 22 and provided with optional cover layer(s)
10, and plate(s) 3 are subsequently brought together and placed on each other in step
103. The core 2 and the plate(s) 3 are here positioned staggered relative to each
other such that the plate(s) 3 protrude(s) on at least one end outside an edge of
the core 2, while core 2 protrudes on an opposite end outside an edge of the plate(s)
3.
[0091] The different components of the layered construction element 1 are then connected
permanently to each other in step 106. This can for instance be realized by glueing
the components together.
[0092] If this has not yet been done in a previous stage, one or more channels 11 and/or
grooves 57 can then still be formed in core 2 in step 107. As stated above, this can
be done by subjecting the core 2 to one or more machining, thermal and/or chemical
processes.
[0093] Finally, one or more passage openings 25 can be formed in the layered construction
element 1 in step 108, if necessary. These passage openings 25 extend through the
plates 3 and the core 2 and generally run roughly perpendicularly of a main plane
of the construction element 1. Passage openings 25 can serve for passage of conduits,
but also for receiving tensioning members, particularly when the construction element
1 is a floor element which can rest on and provides support to one or more wall elements.
[0094] A layered construction element 1 can thus be formed in rapid and efficient manner.
[0095] Fig. 16 is a flow diagram which schematically shows the steps of a method 200 for
constructing a building part 13 according to the invention, for instance a wall 39.
This method begins in step 201 with providing a number of construction elements 1
of the above described type. In addition, one or more tensioning members 12, 50 are
provided in step 202.
[0096] In step 203 the or each tensioning members 12 intended for forming a vertical bracing
is fastened onto a ground surface, for instance a foundation 17.
[0097] In step 204 the construction elements 1 are then placed on the ground surface, for
instance the foundation 17, in a first layer. Two construction elements 1 are here
in each case placed against each other such that the protruding edges of the plates
3 of a first construction element 1 overlap and enclose the protruding edge of the
core 2 of a second construction element 1. Insofar as there are construction elements
1 which are provided with one or more channels 11, they are slid with their channel
over the upright tensioning member 12.
[0098] When the tensioning members 12 still protrude sufficiently far from the channels
11 after placing of the first layer of construction elements 1, a second layer of
construction elements 1 can be placed on the first layer. The protruding cores 2 are
here also received again in rebates which are determined by the protruding plates
3, and the construction elements 1 which are provided with channels 11 are once again
slid over the tensioning members 12. This can be repeated until the tensioning members
12 no longer protrude far enough out of channels 11 to still be able to place a subsequent
layer of construction elements.
[0099] The tensioning members 12 are then extended in step 205. As described above, each
tensioning member 12 can consist of a number of segments 14 with threaded ends 15,
which can be connected to each other by means of nuts 16. In this step 205 nuts 16
can therefore be tightened onto the threaded ends 15, and new segments 14 can in turn
be fastened thereon.
[0100] If desired, one or more horizontal tensioning members 50 can be arranged in step
206 after forming of a number of layers of construction elements 1, this in order
to realize a horizontal bracing between the adjacent construction elements 1 in a
layer. For this purpose adjacent construction elements 1 in the upper layer are placed
against each other such that one or more grooves 57 in the upper edge or the upper
surface 58 of a first construction element 1 lies in line with the groove or grooves
57 of a second construction element 1. The tensioning members 50 can then be placed
in these grooves 57 and can be connected to each other in similar manner as the segments
14 of the vertical tensioning members 12, so by means of nuts 52 on threaded ends.
Multiple horizontal tensioning members 50 can also be mutually connected by brackets
53, whereby a connection to the vertical tensioning members 12 can also be formed.
[0101] One or more layers of construction elements 1 can then once again be placed on one
another in step 207. If the end of the tensioning members 12 is reached here, it is
possible to return to step 205 to extend the tensioning members 12.
[0102] When the wall 39 is high enough, the tensioning members 12 can be tensioned in step
208, whereby the stacked construction element 1 are pulled against each other and
toward foundation 17. The successive layers of construction elements 1 are so fixed
relative to each other and a robust wall 39 is formed.
[0103] It is otherwise also possible to envisage the tensioning members not being fastened
in a foundation in step 203, but for instance to a beam. In that case the method can
be performed at a location remote from the construction site, for instance a factory
site, and the building part 13 can then be transported to the construction site and
be placed there. A building can thus be constructed in rapid and simple manner by
connecting prefabricated building parts to each other at a construction site.
[0104] It is also possible not to limit the method 200 to constructing a single wall, but
for instance immediately constructing the whole outside wall by having each layer
of construction elements 1 form the whole periphery of the building.
[0105] Because the construction elements 1 are connected to each other only by tensioning
members 12, 50, the building part 13 can also be dismantled again in relatively rapid
and simple manner if the building has reached the end of its useful life.
[0106] Further aspects of the invention are described in the following clauses:
- 1. Layered construction element, comprising a core which comprises a form-retaining
insulating material and on at least one side of the core a plate of a construction
material, wherein the plate protrudes outside an edge of the core on at least one
end.
- 2. Construction element according to clause 1, wherein plates which protrude outside
the edge of the core on at least one end are arranged on both sides of the core.
- 3. Construction element according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the core protrudes outside
an edge of the at least one plate.
- 4. Construction element according to clause 3, wherein the core protrudes outside
edges of the plates on both sides thereof.
- 5. Construction element according to clause 3 or 4, wherein the construction element
has two opposite ends, wherein the at least one plate protrudes outside the edge of
the core on one of the ends and the core protrudes outside the edge of the at least
one plate on the opposite end.
- 6. Construction element according to clause 5, wherein the construction element has
two pairs of ends lying opposite each other, wherein the at least one plate protrudes
outside the edge of the core on one of the ends of each pair and the core protrudes
outside the edge of the at least one plate on the opposite end of that pair.
- 7. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
core and the plates are flat on both sides.
- 8. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein each
plate has the same dimensions as the core and is connected to the core staggered in
two directions.
- 9. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
core is provided on both sides with a cover layer which extends substantially over
the whole surface thereof.
- 10. Construction element according to clause 9, wherein each cover layer is arranged
between the core and the at least one plate.
- 11. Construction element according to clause 9 or 10, wherein each cover layer is
manufactured from a similar construction material as the plate.
- 12. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
construction material comprises a cement-based fibre-reinforced material.
- 13. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
insulating material of the core comprises a foam material.
- 14. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein at
least one channel extends through the core between two mutually opposite ends of the
construction element, which channel has an inlet on both sides.
- 15. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein at
least one groove extends between two mutually opposite ends of the construction element
along one of the edges of the core.
- 16. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein at
least one groove extends between two mutually opposite ends of the construction element
on at least one side of the core.
- 17. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
core comprises at least one beam extending between two mutually opposite ends thereof.
- 18. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, wherein the
core, the plate(s), the optional cover layers and the optional beam(s) are glued to
each other.
- 19. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing clauses, further provided
with at least one passage opening extending through the plates and the core.
- 20. Building part, comprising a number of mutually connected construction elements
according to any one of the clauses 3-19.
- 21. Building part according to clause 20, wherein two adjacent construction elements
are connected such that the protruding edge of the at least one plate of a first construction
element overlaps the protruding edge of the core of a second construction element.
- 22. Building part according to clause 21, wherein two adjacent construction elements
are connected such that the protruding edge of the core of the second construction
element is received in a rebate formed by the protruding edges of the plates of the
first construction element.
- 23. Building part according to any one of the clauses 20-22, wherein the adjacent
construction elements are connected releasably to each other.
- 24. Building part according to any one of the clauses 20-23, wherein a construction
element according to clause 14 is applied, wherein the construction elements are connected
to each other by a tensioning member protruding through mutually connecting channels
in adjacent construction elements.
- 25. Building part according to any one of the clauses 20-24, wherein a construction
element according to clause 15 or 16 is applied, wherein the construction elements
are connected to each other by a tensioning member arranged in mutually connecting
grooves in adjacent construction elements.
- 26. Building part according to any one of the clauses 20-25, further provided with
at least one cover element for covering an exposed part of the core of at least one
of the construction elements.
- 27. Building part, comprising a number of mutually connected construction elements
according to any one of the clauses 3-19 and/or a number of mutually connected building
parts according to any one of the clauses 20-26.
- 28. Method for constructing a layered construction element, comprising the steps of:
- i) providing a core comprising a form-retaining insulating material;
- ii) providing at least one plate of a construction material; and
- iii) arranging the at least one plate on the core, such that it protrudes outside
an edge of the core on at least one end.
- 29. Method according to clause 28, wherein in step ii) two plates are provided and
in step iii) the two plates are arranged on either side of the core, such that they
both protrude outside an edge of the core on at least one end.
- 30. Method according to clause 28 or 29, wherein in step iii) the at least one plate
is arranged such that the core protrudes outside an edge thereof, and particularly
wherein in step iii) the two plates are arranged on either side such that the core
protrudes outside edges thereof.
- 31. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-30, wherein prior to step iii) the
core is provided on both sides with a cover layer which extends substantially over
the whole surface thereof.
- 32. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-31, wherein in step i) a core is
provided which comprises at least one beam extending between two mutually opposite
ends thereof.
- 33. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-32, wherein the core, the plate(s),
the optional cover layers and the optional beam(s) are glued to each other.
- 34. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-33, wherein at least one channel
extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction element is formed
in the core.
- 35. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-34, wherein at least one groove
extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction element is formed
along one of the edges of the core.
- 36. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-35, wherein at least one groove
extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction element is formed
on at least one side of the core.
- 37. Method according to any one of the clauses 28-36, wherein at least one passage
opening extending through the plates and the core is formed after step iii).
- 38. Method for constructing a building part according to any one of the clauses 20-26,
comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a number of construction elements according to any one of the clauses
3-19,
- b) placing two construction elements against each other such that the protruding edge
of the at least one plate of a first construction element overlaps the protruding
edge of the core of a second construction element, and
- c) mutually connecting the construction elements placed against each other.
- 39. Method according to clause 38, wherein the construction elements placed against
each other are connected releasably to each other in step c).
- 40. Method according to clause 38 or 39, wherein a construction element according
to clause 14 is applied, wherein the construction elements are placed against each
other in step b) such that the at least one channel of the first construction element
lies substantially in line with the at least one channel of the second construction
element, and wherein the construction elements are connected to each other in step
c) by placing a tensioning member into the channels lying in line and tensioning it.
- 41. Method according to any one of the clauses 38-40, wherein a construction element
according to clause 15 or 16 is applied, wherein the construction elements are placed
against each other in step b) such that the at least one groove of the first construction
element lies substantially in line with the at least one groove of the second construction
element, and wherein the construction elements are connected to each other in step
c) by placing a tensioning member into the grooves lying in line and tensioning it.
- 42. Method for constructing a building, comprising the steps of:
- A) providing a number of construction elements according to any one of the clauses
3-19 and/or a number of building parts according to any one of the clauses 20-26,
- B) placing in each case at least two construction elements and/or building parts against
each other, and
- C) mutually connecting the construction elements and/or building parts placed against
each other.
- 43. Method according to clause 42, wherein in step B) two construction elements are
placed against each other such that the protruding edge of the at least one plate
of a first construction element overlaps the protruding edge of the core of a second
construction element.
- 44. Method according to clause 42 or 43, wherein a construction element according
to clause 14 is applied, wherein the construction elements are placed against each
other in step B) such that the at least one channel of the first construction element
lies substantially in line with the at least one channel of the second construction
element, and wherein the construction elements are connected to each other in step
C) by placing a tensioning member into the channels lying in line and tensioning it.
- 45. Method according to any one of the clauses 42-44, wherein a construction element
according to clause 15 or 16 is applied, wherein the construction elements are placed
against each other in step B) such that the at least one groove of the first construction
element lies substantially in line with the at least one groove of the second construction
element, and wherein the construction elements are connected to each other in step
C) by placing a tensioning member into the grooves lying in line and tensioning it.
- 46. Method according to clause 42, wherein a ground level floor, a wall and a storey
floor are provided as building parts in step A), and wherein in step B) the wall is
placed on the ground level floor and the storey floor is placed on the wall.
- 47. Method according to clause 42, wherein a ground level floor and a storey floor
are provided as building parts in step A), wherein a truss is further provided, and
wherein in step B) the truss is placed on the ground level floor and the storey floor
is placed on the truss.
[0107] A building part, for instance a wall, can thus be formed from a large number of layered
construction elements in rapid and efficient manner.
[0108] The invention thus provides construction elements which can be handled well and whereby
a building can be constructed in rapid and simple manner, without heavy machinery
being needed for this purpose. The construction elements insulate well, both against
heat and cold and against noise, are fire-resistant and are well able to withstand
ambient influences.
[0109] Although the invention has been elucidated above on the basis of a number of examples,
it will be apparent that it is not limited thereto, but can be varied in many ways
within the scope of the following claims.
1. Layered construction element, comprising a core which comprises a form-retaining insulating
material and on at least one side of the core a plate of a construction material,
wherein the plate protrudes outside an edge of the core on at least one end.
2. Construction element according to claim 1, wherein plates which protrude outside the
edge of the core on at least one end are arranged on both sides of the core, and/or
wherein the core protrudes outside an edge of the at least one plate,
optionally wherein the core protrudes outside edges of the plates on both sides thereof,
and/or
wherein the construction element has two opposite ends, wherein the at least one plate
protrudes outside the edge of the core on one of the ends and the core protrudes outside
the edge of the at least one plate on the opposite end,
optionally wherein the construction element has two pairs of ends lying opposite each
other, wherein the at least one plate protrudes outside the edge of the core on one
of the ends of each pair and the core protrudes outside the edge of the at least one
plate on the opposite end of that pair.
3. Construction element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of:
- the core and the plates are flat on both sides,
- each plate has the same dimensions as the core and is connected to the core staggered
in two directions,
- the core is provided on both sides with a cover layer which extends substantially
over the whole surface thereof,
optionally wherein each cover layer is arranged between the core and the at least
one plate, and/or
wherein each cover layer is manufactured from a similar construction material as the
plate.
4. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing claims, wherein at least
one of:
- the construction material comprises a cement-based fibre-reinforced material,
- the insulating material of the core comprises a foam material,
- at least one channel extends through the core between two mutually opposite ends
of the construction element, which channel has an inlet on both sides,
- at least one groove extends between two mutually opposite ends of the construction
element along one of the edges of the core.
5. Construction element according to any one of the foregoing claims, wherein at least
one of:
- at least one groove extends between two mutually opposite ends of the construction
element on at least one side of the core,
- the core comprises at least one beam extending between two mutually opposite ends
thereof,
- the core, the plate(s), the optional cover layers and the optional beam(s) are glued
to each other,
- the construction element is further provided with at least one passage opening extending
through the plates and the core.
6. Building part, comprising a number of mutually connected construction elements according
to any one of the claims 2-5.
7. Building part according to claim 6, wherein two adjacent construction elements are
connected such that the protruding edge of the at least one plate of a first construction
element overlaps the protruding edge of the core of a second construction element.
optionally wherein two adjacent construction elements are connected such that the
protruding edge of the core of the second construction element is received in a rebate
formed by the protruding edges of the plates of the first construction element, and/or
wherein at least one of:
- the adjacent construction elements are connected releasably to each other,
- a construction element according to claim 4 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are connected to each other by a tensioning member protruding through mutually
connecting channels in adjacent construction elements,
- a construction element according to claim 4 or 5 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are connected to each other by a tensioning member which is arranged in mutually
connecting grooves in adjacent construction elements,
- the building part is further provided with at least one cover element for covering
an exposed part of the core of at least one of the construction elements.
8. Building, comprising a number of mutually connected construction elements according
to any one of the claims 2-5 and/or a number of mutually connected building parts
according to claim 6 or 7.
9. Method for constructing a layered construction element, comprising the steps of:
i) providing a core comprising a form-retaining insulating material;
ii) providing at least one plate of a construction material; and
iii) arranging the at least one plate on the core, such that it protrudes outside
an edge of the core on at least one end.
10. Method according to claim 9, wherein in step ii) two plates are provided and in step
iii) the two plates are arranged on either side of the core, such that they both protrude
outside an edge of the core on at least one end, and/or
wherein in step iii) the at least one plate is arranged such that the core protrudes
outside an edge thereof, and particularly wherein in step iii) the two plates are
arranged on either side such that the core protrudes outside edges thereof, and/or
wherein prior to step iii) the core is provided on both sides with a cover layer which
extends substantially over the whole surface thereof, and/or
wherein in step i) a core is provided which comprises at least one beam extending
between two mutually opposite ends thereof, and/or
wherein the core, the plate(s), the optional cover layers and the optional beam(s)
are glued to each other.
11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein at least one of:
- at least one channel extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction
element is formed in the core,
- at least one groove extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction
element is formed along one of the edges of the core,
- at least one groove extending between two mutually opposite ends of the construction
element is formed on at least one side of the core,
- at least one passage opening extending through the plates and the core is formed
after step iii).
12. Method for constructing a building part according to claim 6 or 7, comprising the
steps of:
a) providing a number of construction elements according to any one of the claims
2-5,
b) placing two construction elements against each other such that the protruding edge
of the at least one plate of a first construction element overlaps the protruding
edge of the core of a second construction element, and
c) mutually connecting the construction elements placed against each other.
13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the construction elements placed against each
other are connected releasably to each other in step c), and/or
wherein a construction element according to claim 4 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are placed against each other in step b) such that the at least one channel
of the first construction element lies substantially in line with the at least one
channel of the second construction element, and wherein the construction elements
are connected to each other in step c) by placing a tensioning member into the channels
lying in line and tensioning it, and/or
wherein a construction element according to claim 4 or 5 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are placed against each other in step b) such that the at least one groove
of the first construction element lies substantially in line with the at least one
groove of the second construction element, and wherein the construction elements are
connected to each other in step c) by placing a tensioning member into the grooves
lying in line and tensioning it.
14. Method for constructing a building, comprising the steps of:
A) providing a number of construction elements according to any one of the claims
2-5 and/or a number of building parts according to claim 6 or 7,
B) placing in each case at least two construction elements and/or building parts against
each other, and
C) mutually connecting the construction elements and/or building parts placed against
each other.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein at least one of:
- in step B) two construction elements are placed against each other such that the
protruding edge of the at least one plate of a first construction element overlaps
the protruding edge of the core of a second construction element,
- a construction element according to claim 4 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are placed against each other in step B) such that the at least one channel
of the first construction element lies substantially in line with the at least one
channel of the second construction element, and wherein the construction elements
are connected to each other in step C) by placing a tensioning member into the channels
lying in line and tensioning it,
- a construction element according to claim 4 or 5 is applied, wherein the construction
elements are placed against each other in step B) such that the at least one groove
of the first construction element lies substantially in line with the at least one
groove of the second construction element, and wherein the construction elements are
connected to each other in step C) by placing a tensioning member into the grooves
lying in line and tensioning it,
- a ground level floor, a wall and a storey floor are provided as building parts in
step A), and wherein in step B) the wall is placed on the ground level floor and the
storey floor is placed on the wall,
- a ground level floor and a storey floor are provided as building parts in step A),
wherein a truss is further provided, and wherein in step B) the truss is placed on
the ground level floor and the storey floor is placed on the truss.