(19)

(11)

EP 4 522 578 A1

(12)

(43) Date of publication: 19.03.2025 Bulletin 2025/12 (21) Application number: 23724337.3 (22) Date of filing: 08.05.2023

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  C04B 38/00(2006.01) C04B 28/00(2006.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): C04B 38/009; C04B 28/006; C04B 2201/50; C04B 2111/00793; C04B 2111/0081; C04B 2111/52; C04B 2111/00758; C04B 2111/00724; C04B 2111/0075   C-Sets: C04B 28/006, C04B 12/04, C04B 14/106, C04B 20/002, C04B 20/0036, C04B 20/004, C04B 20/026, C04B 22/062, C04B 38/02, C04B 40/0042, C04B 40/0263, C04B 40/0608; C04B 28/006, C04B 12/04, C04B 14/106, C04B 20/002, C04B 20/0036, C04B 20/004, C04B 20/026, C04B 22/062, C04B 22/068, C04B 24/04, C04B 40/0042, C04B 40/0263, C04B 40/0608; C04B 38/009, C04B 28/006, C04B 38/0074, C04B 38/02; (86) International application number: PCT/FI2023/050247 (87) International publication number: WO 2023/218124 (16.11.2023 Gazette 2023/46)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 09.05.2022 FI 20225403 (71) Applicant: University Of Oulu 90014 University of Oulu (FI)	(72) Inventors: LUUKKONEN, Tero 90014 University of Oulu (FI) YU, Yangmei 90014 University of Oulu (FI) (74) Representative: Berggren Oy  P.O. Box 16 Eteläinen Rautatiekatu 10A 00101 Helsinki 00101 Helsinki (FI)