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EP 4 680 693 A1

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(43) Date of publication: 21.01.2026 Bulletin 2026/04 (21) Application number: 24718272.8 (22) Date of filing: 12.03.2024

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  C09K 19/52(2006.01) H01L 31/048(2014.01) H02S 20/32(2014.01) H01L 31/042(2014.01) B82Y 30/00(2011.01) C09K 19/04(2006.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): C09K 19/52; C09K 2019/521; C09K 2019/0448; B82Y 30/00; H02S 20/32 (86) International application number: PCT/IB2024/052376 (87) International publication number: WO 2024/189535 (19.09.2024 Gazette 2024/38)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: GE KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 14.03.2023 IT 202300004743 (71) Applicants: Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche 00185 Roma (IT) ENEA - Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile 00196 Roma (IT)

(72) Inventors: SAGNELLI, Domenico 81100 Caserta (IT) VESTRI, Ambra 51100 Pistoia (IT) PETTI, Lucia 80131 Napoli (IT) VILLANI, Fulvia 00196 Roma (IT) POLICHETTI, Tiziana 00196 Roma (IT) NENNA, Giuseppe 00196 Roma (IT) LOFFREDO, Fausta 00196 Roma (IT) DE GIROLAMO DEL MAURO, Anna 00196 Roma (IT) (74) Representative: Cavallin, Tommaso et al Cantaluppi & Partners S.r.l. Piazzetta Cappellato Pedrocchi, 18 35122 Padova 35122 Padova (IT)