(19)

(11)

EP 4 824 714 A1

(12)

(43) Date of publication: 21.10.2026 Bulletin 2026/43 (21) Application number: 24821414.0 (22) Date of filing: 09.12.2024

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  G06N 10/40(2022.01) H01L 23/544(2006.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): G06N 10/40; H10W 46/00; H10W 72/07227; H10W 46/301 (86) International application number: PCT/EP2024/085208 (87) International publication number: WO 2025/125129 (19.06.2025 Gazette 2025/25)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: GE KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 12.12.2023 US 202318537506 (71) Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation Armonk, New York 10504 (US)	(72) Inventors: NAH, Jae-Woong Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 (US) ABRAHAM, David Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 (US) COTTE, John Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 (US) KUMPH, Muir Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 (US) (74) Representative: IBM Deutschland GmbH  Intellectual Property Law IBM Campus 1 71139 Ehningen 71139 Ehningen (DE)