(19)

(11)

EP 4 824 885 A1

(12)

(43) Date of publication: 21.10.2026 Bulletin 2026/43 (21) Application number: 24827937.4 (22) Date of filing: 12.12.2024

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  H01M 8/04089(2016.01) H01M 8/0438(2016.01) H01M 8/04746(2016.01) H01M 8/0432(2016.01) H01M 8/0444(2016.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): H01M 8/0444; H01M 8/0432; H01M 8/04447; H01M 8/0438; H01M 8/04753; H01M 8/04328; H01M 8/04388; H01M 8/04089; Y02E 60/50 (86) International application number: PCT/NL2024/050665 (87) International publication number: WO 2025/127928 (19.06.2025 Gazette 2025/25)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: GE KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 13.12.2023 EP 23216395 (71) Applicant: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO 2595 DA 's-Gravenhage (NL)	(72) Inventors: CHENG, Lun-Kai 2595 DA 's-Gravenhage (NL) XU, Man 2595 DA 's-Gravenhage (NL) (74) Representative: V.O.  P.O. Box 87930 2508 DH Den Haag 2508 DH Den Haag (NL)