(19)

(11)

EP 4 824 893 A1

(12)

(43) Date of publication: 21.10.2026 Bulletin 2026/43 (21) Application number: 24824557.3 (22) Date of filing: 10.12.2024

(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):  H01P 5/107(2006.01) H03F 3/60(2006.01) H01P 5/16(2006.01) H01L 23/00(2006.01) (52) Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC): H01P 5/107; H01P 5/16; H03F 3/602; H10W 72/5445; H10W 72/551 (86) International application number: PCT/FI2024/050666 (87) International publication number: WO 2025/125718 (19.06.2025 Gazette 2025/25)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Designated Extension States: BA Designated Validation States: GE KH MA MD TN (30) Priority: 11.12.2023 FI 20236361 (71) Applicant: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy 02150 Espoo (FI)	(72) Inventor: VARONEN, Mikko 02150 Espoo (FI) (74) Representative: Kolster Oy Ab  Salmisaarenaukio 1 P.O. Box 204 00181 Helsinki 00181 Helsinki (FI)