[0001] 
ing machine. exempl by Figure 2 oz U,Z. patent specifi- rolls between whioh the orkriece
is to be intermittently reduced in a first reduction

pair of cooperating rolls between whioh teh workpiece is to be intermittently reduced
in a second reduction direction transverse to the first iirection; for sach roll of
the first and seccnd pairs, a carrier in which the roll is journalled for rotatien
about the axis of the roll and which is mounted for rotation about a different carrier
axis, the axes of the carriers for the first pair of rolls being transverse to the
passline and en opposite sides thereof and the axes of the carriers for the seccnd
pair of rolls being transverse to the passilne and to the axes of the first two carriers
and on opposita sides of the passline; axes,

rollslapproach and recede from the passline. and each other as the rolls move in
the passline direction and the workpiece is intermittently contacted and reduced by
the pairs of rolls alternatively. In the machine of Figure 2 of the above mentioned
specification, the carrier of each roll is in the form of an eccentric which turns
about an eccentric axis parallel to the roll axis, and each roll is freely rotatable
about its own axis.
[0002] When rolling rod or bar from billet, using the rolling machine described in specification
No. 1214905 in relation to Figure 2, the two pairs of rolls alternately roll the workpiece
on mutually perpendicular planar faces, with the result that the rolled product has
sharp lengthwise edges which are considered to be metallurgically unsound. If, in
order to eliminate that deficiency, each roll is given a rolling surface which encompasses
an edge of the workpiece in order to round that edge, it is found that the divergence
of the edge from the lengthwise axis of the workpiece interferes with the roll and
prevents the machine from operating properly.
[0003] It is an aim of the present invention to provide a rolling machine design which is
capable of rolling sections with rounded edges.
[0004] A rolling mill according to the present invention is characterised in having the
axis of each roll inclined to the axis of rotation of the carrier in which the roll
is journalled. Then, when each roll has, for example, rolling surfaces both in the
direction of and transverse to its roll axis, the transverse surface diverges away
from the central axis of the workpiece as the rolle sweeps over the

modated.
[0005] In a preferred form of the invention, each-noll has a collar with a rolling face
designed to enclose and round an edge of a rhombic-section workpiece. The invention
is not however limited to such an arrangement, since the rounding of the edge may
be effected by a separate edge roller carried by the roll carrier and following the
main roll. Again, each roll may be designed to roll a curved face on the workpiece
with the aim of producing a round section.
[0006] The rolling machine of the present invention is primarily intended for effecting
large reduction of elongate steel workpieces, but may be applied to workpieces of
other metals.
[0007] The invention is exemplified by the following description of a preferred form of
rolling machine according to the invention, reference being made to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a side view of the rolling machine,
Figure 2 schematically illustrates the drive to one of the roll cerriers,
Figure 3 is a partial axial section through one of the roll carriers,
Figures 4 and 5 are perspective views illustrating the rolling action,
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a modification employing uncollared rolls, Figure 6 being
an end view of a roll carrier and Figure 7 shows the rolls at the passline, and
Figure 8 illustrates the rolling of a flat.
[0008] The rolling machine illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 consists basically of four roll
carriers 12A, 12B, 12 C and 12D, each of which has the general form of a cone. The
four roll carriers are identical in construction and the parts thereof are given the
same reference numerals with the letter A, B, C or D identifying the carrier to which
it belongs. The roll carriers rotate about axes 13A - 13D which are also the axes
of the cones and which form the sides of a square. Each roll carrier 12 carries at
least one roll 14 (in the drawings four rolls are shown) which is independently driven
about a roll axis 15 inclined to the carrier axis 13. Where, as shown, each carrier
has more than one roll .14, the roll axes 15 are equally angularly spaced about the
carrier axis 13.
[0009] The four carriers 12 are mounted in bearings in four bearing blocks 16, the carrier
12A for example being journalled in bearings in blocks 16A and 16B and the carrier
12B in bearings in blocks 16B and 16C. The four bearing blocks are secured in a frame
constituted by two spaced rectilinear frame members 17 welded on opposite sides of
the blocks 16 and supported by uprights 18.
[0010] The roll carriers 12 are driven synchronously about their axes 13. Thus, Figure 1
shows a common drive motor. 20 carried by the uprights 18 and driving through a flywheel
21 four line shafts 22A - 22D. The shafts 22 are on the face of the frame, being displaced
from the axes 13,=and are geared together through bevel gears 23A-23D. Each .shaft
22 is geared to the corresponding roll carrier 12 through reduction gearing shown
in Figure 1 and schematical. in Figure 2; thus shaft 13A carries a pinion 24A meshing
with a larger pinion 25A which is shaft-connected to a pinion 26A meshing with a large
pinion 27A fast on the roll carrier 12A. By virtue of the drive, the four roll carriers
are driven at the same rotational speed. The pair of roll carriers 12A and 12C rotate
in phase so that the rolls 14A and 14C reach the passline 28, which is normal to the
plane containing the carrier axes 13, at the same time as shown in Figure 1. The other
pair of carriers 12B and 12D similarly rotate in phase, but are displaced in phase
relative to carriers 12A and 12C so that successive pairs of rolls 14A and 14C alternate
at the passline 28 with successive pairs of rolls 14B and 14D.
[0011] Figure 3 shows partially one of the roll carrier (12C) in greater detail and particularly
the drive to the rolls 14C of that carrier. The figure shows the pinion 27C as a ring
gear which lies partly within the bearing block 16C and which is splined to carrier
12C by a spline 30C. The carrier 12C is journalled at one end in bearings 31C carried
by the block 16C at the other end on a stub shaft 29D extending from block 16D. The-carrier
supports in two spaced aligned bearings 32C and 33C a roll drive shaft 34C which is
coaxial with the carrier axis 13C. Shaft 34C has splined to it a bevel gear 35C which
meshes with four driven bevel gears 36C, one only of which is shown, in the figure,
fast on shafts 37C journalled in the carrier. Each shaft 37C carries a pinion (not
shown) meshing with a gear 38C splined to a roll shaft 40C wnrcn is journalled in
the carrier and to the end of which is secured one of the rolls 14C.
[0012] The roll drive shaft 34C has one end attached through a universal coupling 41C to
a connecting shaft 42C-of an individual drive motor 43C. The other end is carried
in a bearing (not shown) in the block 16D. As the roll drive shaft 34C rotates, it
drives through bevel gears 35C and 36C the four roll shafts 40C of the roll carrier
12C and hence the four rolls 14C. At the same time the roll carrier 12C is rotated
about its axis 13C by the motor 20 through the gear train described above.
[0013] As is clear from Figure 3, the axis 15C of each roll shaft 40C is inclined to the
carrier axis 13C at an angle which is the same for all roll shafts 40 and which is
slightly greater than 45°. In addition, the four roll axes 15 in each roll carrier
12 intersect the axis 13 of that carrier at the same intersection point. As illustrated
in Figures 1 and 3, each roll 14 has a frusto-conical face 44 the generator of which
passes through the axes intersection point of the carrier. At its inboard end, each
roll has a collar 45 on which is formed an annular face 46 which is transverse to
the roll axis 15 and which is rounded at 47 so as to merge smoothly with the face
44.
[0014] The operation of the rolling machine to roll down a square section steel billet to
a bar will now be described in relation to Figures 4 and 5. In those figures, the
workpiece - the billet to be reduced to bar - is indicated at 50. Pinch rolls (not
shown) urges the workpiece along the pass- line 28 in the direction indicated at a
slow contihuous speed rolls 14 of each roll carrier 12 are caused to swing successively
in contact with one of the faces 50A, 50B, 50C or 50D, moving while in contact in
a direction opposit to the movement of the workpiece. At the same time each roll is
rotated about its own axis in a direction as indicated urging the workpiece in its
direction of movement.
[0015] Because the rolls of opposite roll carriers (12A, 12C or 12B, 12D) move in phase
as described above, one roll 14A and one roll 14C reach the passline together and
cooperate to reduce between them the forward end of the workpiece 50, rolling on the
faces 50A and 50C. The axis 15 of each roll follows the surface of a cone as the respective
carrier 12 rotates about its axis 13 so that the roll follows a circular path, first
contacting the reduced work at a minimum separation from its co-operating roll and
the lengthwise axis of the work and then swinging away from the lengthwise workpiece
axis until the face 44A breaks contact with the workpiece at its maximum dimension.
At the same time, and because the carrier axis 13 is inclined to the roll axis, the
collars 45 of the two rolls swing away from each other.
[0016] The sequence of intermittent reductions performed by the rolls is as follows.
1. Assuming the workpiece is partially reduced as shown in Figures 4 and 5, a pair
of cooperating rolls 14A and 14C of carriers 12A and 12C engage the workpiece at its
reduced dimension and as they roll up the -faces 50A and 50C, the roll faces 44A and
44C perform an incremental reduction of those workpicce faces.
2. Simultaneously the faces 46 of the rolls 14A and 14C roll the edges 51A, 51C of
the workpiece with the fesult that parts 47 of the roll faces round these edges
3. The pair of rolls 14A, 14C is succeeded by a pair of rolls 14B, 14D (Figure 5)
of carriers 12B, 12D which operate in the same manner on the workpiece but on faces
50B, 50D at right angles to faces 50A and 50C, the edges 51B and 51D being rounded
by the collars 45B, 45D. Because of the inclination of teh roll axes to the carrier
axes, the roll faces 46B, 46D follow the divergent workpiece faces 50A. 50B formed
on the workpiece by previous rolling operations of the rolls of carriers 12A, 12C.
The rolls 14B, 14D break contact direction opposite to the workpiece movement from
where the previously acting rolls 14A, 14C had broken contact, by a distance dependent
on the forward movement of the workpiece between successive rolling operations.
4. The pair of rolls 14B, 14D are in turn succeeded by the next pair of rolls 14A,
14C of the carriers 12A, 12C and, as before, the latter rolls performs a further incremental
reduction of faces 50A, 50C.
[0017] The workpiece 50 is thus given incremental reductions on alternate pairs of faces
50A, 500 and 50B, 50D, the edges 51 of the workpiece being rounded after each

reduction, and the workpiece is progressively redized to a bar having a square cross-sevtion
but with rounded length- wise edges and with cross-sectional dimensions substantially
less than those of the unrolled billet.
[0018] In oraer that the dimensions of the rolled bar may adjusted, each of the roll carriers
12 is eccentrically mounted; thus bearing 31C (Figure 3) is carried by a ring 53 which
is eccentrically mounted in the block 16C and the other bearing 54 for the carrier
is similarly mounted on an eccentric sleeve 52 located on stub shaft 29. By altering
the angular position of ring 53 and sleeve 52, the minimum separation of cooperating
rolls (14A and 14C or 14B and 14D) can be altered, and in this way the dimensions
of the rolled square section may be changed or a rectangular section given to the
bar. When a roll carrier 12 is adjusted, its ring gear 27 moves tangentially relative
to its driving gear 26 but remains in mesh.
[0019] The purpose of the inclination of each carrier axis 13 to the roll axis 15 of each
roll of the respective carrier will be apparent. If, for example, the carrier axis
13 was parallel to the roll axis, the collars 45A, 45C (Figure 4) would not diverge
away from one another during each rolling operation and would interfere with the divergent
faces 50B and 50D of the partially reduced workpiece. By inclining the axes, the collars
are caused to follow paths which are similar to the faces 50B, 50D on which the faces
46A, 46C roll. Because the profiles of faces 50A, 50C are similar to the profiles
of faces 50B, 50C, the angle θ between the carrier axis and each roll axis should
be about 45°. However because each pair of cooperating rolls (14A and 14C or 14B and
14D) starts and terminates its incremental reduction at points on the workpiece displaced
from the corresponding points for the preceding pair of rolls (14B and 14D or 14A
and 14C, respectively), the angle is preferably slightly greater than 45°. The actual
angle is dependent on workpiece speed, but an angle of 46°20' has been found suitable.
[0020] Although the use of four rolls per roll carrier has been described and illustrated,
the number of rolls may be varied according to requirements. For example, six rolls
per carrier may be used if a high throughput is required, exemplary maximum throughputs
for four rolls per carrier and six rolls per carrier being 1-00 tonnes per hour and
150 tonnes per hour respectively; the corresponding maximum billet speeds are 0.16
m/second and 0.24 m/second respectively. The maximum reduction obtainable in a single
pass by the rolling machine is of the order of 93%.
[0021] The rolls 14 are driven about their own axes at speeds relative to the rotational
speeds of the carriers such as to promote forward movement to the workpiece 50. The
pinch rolls acting on the workpiece are to ensure forward motion, especially during
the intervals between rolling by successive pairs of rolls and during the start of
rolling.
[0022] The reduced rod is metallurgically acceptable because of the absence of sharp lengthwise
edges, which would be formed were it not for the collars 45.
[0023] The rolling machine described above can be modified in various respects. Thus in
the machine described the carrier axes 13 lie in a plane normal to the workpiece passline;
instead, one or both pairs of opposite axes (12A and 12C or 12B and 12D) may lie in
a plane which is slightly tilted with respect to the plane normal to the passline..
[0024] Secondly, the rolls 14 may be made without the collars 45, each roll 14 then being
cylindrical and preferably with frusto-conical faces. When collar-less ralls are employed,
each poll carrier carries in addition to the rolls 14 an equal number of edger rolls
55 (Figures 6 and 7) which may be driven but are preferably undriven and freely rotatable.
Each roll '14 is closely followed in the direction of rotation of the carrier 12 by
an edger roll 55, as shown in Figure 6, and each edger roll is so mounted as to roll
on a workpiece edge 51 of a face 50A - 50D rolled by the preceding roll 14 and has
a rolling face 56 (Figure 7) to round that edge 51. Figure 7 shows uncollared rolls
14A and 14C at the passline with their respective edger rolls 55A and 55C which roll
the rounded edges 51A and 51C (Figure 4). The figure also shows in chain line the
other pair of rolls 14B and 14D when at the passline, but not their edging rolls.
[0025] Sections other than square sections can be rolled by the rolling machine by appropriate
modification of the profiles of the rolls 14. Thus round sections may be rolled by
reducing the curvature of, and increasing the length of, the rounded part 47 of each
roll 14 (see Figure 3). Flats, i.e. sections having a large width compared to their
thickness, are rolled with uncollared rolls 14A, 14C having wide faces and uncollared
rolls 14B, 14D of smaller face widths (Figure 8). The carrier axes 13B, 13D are displaced
from the positions shown in Figure 1 so that their minimum separation is as shown
substantially larger than the mini- mum separation of the rolls 14A, 14C. As in Figures
6 and 7 each roll 14 is followed by an edging roll 55 to round each edge of the workpiece
50.
[0026] Where the rolled workpiece is to have a rectangular- section with the width to thickness
ratio moderately different from unity, collared rolls may be employed as in Figures
1 and 3 to 5, with if necessary alteration of the axial positions of the rolls in
order that the collars of those rolls properly follow the workpiece edges. The same
considerations apply when rolling oval sections..
1. A rolling machine for reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of an elongate workpiece
movable along a passline, the machine comprising a first pair of cooperating rolls
between which the workpiece is to be intermittently reduced in a first reduction direction:
a second pair of cooperating rolls between which the workpiece is to be intermittently
reduced in a second reduction direction transverse to the first direction; for each
roll of the first and second pairs, a carrier in which the roll is journalled for
rotation about the axis of the roll and which is mounted for rotation about a different
carrier axis, the axes of the carriers for the first pair of rolls being transverse
to the passline and on opposite sides thereof and the axes of the carriers for the
second pair of rolls being transverse to the passline and to the axes of the first
two carriers and on opposite sides of the passline; means for synchronously driving
the carriers about their axes, whereby in each cycle the rolls of each pair of rolls
approach and recede from the passline and each other as the rolls move in the passline
direction and the workpiece is intermittently contacted and reduced by the pairs of
rolls alternatively;
characterised in that the axis of each roll is inclined to the axis of rotation of
the carrier in which it is journalled.
2. A rolling machine according to claim 1, characterised in that each roll has a rolling
face designed to apply a rounded surface to the workpiece cross-section.
3. A rolling machine according to claim 2, characterised in that each roll has a main
rolling face substantially parallel to the roll axis and a supplementary face transverse
to the roll axis.
4. A rolling machine according to claim 3, characterised in that each roll has a cylindrical
rolling face with, at one end, a collar carrying the supplementary face.
5. A rolling machine according to claim 4, characterised in that the cylindrical barrel
is frusto-conical and converges towards the intersection of the roll axis with the
carrier axis.
6. A rolling machine according to claim 2, characterised in that, for rolling round
sections, each roll has rolling surfaces substantially parallel to, and substantially
normal to, the roll axis, and those rolling surfaces are connected by a smoothly rounded
rolling surface.
7. A rolling machine according to claim 1, in which each roll has a cylindrical barrel
and characterised in that an additional edging roll is carried by each roll carrier
to round an edge of the workpiece face rolled by the that an additional edging roll
is carried by each roll an edge of the workpiece face rolled by the
8. A rolling

claim, characterised in that the roll carrier

sects the roll axis at an angle of about 45°.
9. A rolling machine according to any preceding claim, characterised in the provision
of means for driving each roll about its own axis.
10. A rolling machine according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the
axes of the roll carriers lie substantially in a plane at right angles to the workpiece
passline.
11. A rolling machine according to any preceding claim, characterised in that each
roll carrier carries at least one further rotatable roll, which, as the roll carrier
rotates, cooperates with a similar roll of the cooperating roll carrier to effect
a further reduction of the workpiece.
12. A rolling machine according to claim 8, characterised in that each roll carrier
carries at least one further roll rotatable about an axis which intersects the roll
carrier axis at the same point.as the first roll axis of that carrier and at the same
angle, the angular separa- tion of the roll axes about the carrier axis being the
same in each roll carrier.
13. A rolling machine according to claim 12, in which each roll carrier has three
further rolls.

A rolling machine according to any preceding claim. characterised in that the axes
of rotation of the four roll carriers form a rectangle and are drivingly coupled together
through gearing.
15. A rolling machine for reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of an elongate workpiece
movable along a passline in the direction of its length, the machine comprising:
(a) a frame,
(b) four roll carriers each rotatable in the frame about its own axis, the axes of
a first and a second of the roll carriers being parallel and lying on opposite sides
of the passline, the axes of the third and fourth roll carriers being at right angles
to the axes of the first and second roll carriers and lying on opposite side; of the
passline, and all four roll carrier axes lying in a plane normal to the passline,
(c) drive means for rotating the roll carriers in synchronism,
(d) at least two rolls mounted in each roll carrier for rotation about independent
axes which are equally inclined to the roll carrier axis at an angle of about 45°,
the angular spacing of the roll axes about the carrier axis being the same in each
carrier,
(e) each roll having a rolling surface, a part of which is transverse to the roll
axis, and
(f) the arrangement being such that on rotation of the roll carriers the workpiece
is successively contacted and reduced between corresponding rolls of the first and
second roll carriers and of the third and fourth roll carriers.