[0001] This invention relates to the incorporation of silicone into lubricating oils to
make what are referred to as silicone oils.
[0002] Mineral oils containing silicone are known, and have very much better lubricating
properties than oils without silicone. Such silicone oils may be used with great effect
as ordinary engine sump oils or as additives for sump oils, but are particularly suitable
for use as upper cylinder lubricants and two stroke oils, especially in modern high
power to weight ratio two stroke engines which can operate at speeds up to 20,000
rpm. So far, however, there have been problems with the stability of such oils, the
silicone tending to separate too readily from the oil and, in some cases, the mixture
breaking down under the extreme conditions encountered in the cylinders with the production
of substances which are deleterious to the operation of the enqine.
[0003] We have found that if during the manufacture of a silicone oil a particular heating
cycle is followed or the mixture is subjected to a particular magnetic field, the
stability of the silicone oil produced is very much improved. Although at present
we have no evidence to support the theory, we suspect that perhaps the reason for
the improvement is that the silicone molecules, which normally have a tightly wound
spiral structure, partially unwind under the action of the thermal or magnetic energy
to which they are subjected so that oil molecules can attach themselves at points
along the length of each silicone molecule to prevent it from returning to a tight
coil when the energy field is removed. The silicon molecules are then bound to the
oil molecules and are prevented thereby from settling out of suspension.
[0004] According to the invention therefore, in a method of making a silicone oil, a suspension
of silicone in a lubricating oil is formed, and the stability of the suspension is
improved either by subjecting the mixture to a magnetic field or by thermal treatment
as defined later. At normal temperatures however, silicones and oil do not mix at
all well and, although the silicone will dissolve in the oil if the temperature is
raised high enough it will be usual for the suspension to be formed by mixing together
the silicone, the oil, and a solvent in which the silicone is at least partly soluble.
[0005] The oil which is used in forming the silicone oil may be any suitable mineral, vegetable
or synthetic oil, such as for example, any paraffinic or naphthenic mineral lubricating
oil, castor oil, polyisopropylene, or polyisobutylene. Preferably however, the oil
will be a paraffinic mineral oil, and may comprise a mixture of different paraffinic
mineral oils. For best results, the oil or oils used in the method in accordance with
the invention should be substantially free of water (less than 30 parts per million
by weight), and should preferably have a sulphur content which is less than 1%, preferably
less than 0.3%, by weight. Most standard SAE 30 paraffinic oils which are on sale
should be satisfactory from this point of view, particularly in respect of the low
water contents.
[0006] The silicone which is used in the method in accordance with the invention preferably
has a molecular chain length which substantially matches that of the oil, or in other
words the viscosities of the silicone and the oil are preferably of the same order
as each other, at least over the normal ambient and operating temperature range. Provided
this requirement can be met, phenyl silicones, homologeous series silicones or halogenated
silicones may be used, but preferably the silicone used in the invention is a dimethyl
silicone. Particularly good results have been achieved with a half and half mixture
of dimethyl silicone fluid having a nominal viscosity of 300 centi-stokes at 25°C
and a dimethyl silicone fluid having a nominal viscosity of 50 centistokes at 25°C.
[0007] The solvent, when used, is preferably perchloroethylene, which may be of an industrial
or anaiytical grade, but other common aliphatic solvents or aromatic solvents may
be used, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, trichlorethylene,
benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, or white spirit. To a
lesser extent, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, petrol, amyl acetate, petroleum spirit,
2-ethylhexanol, dioxane or diethyl cellosolve may be used, and possibly some of the
alcohol series may be used provided the silicone can be made to go into at least partial
solution.
[0008] When it is intended that a silicone oil made in accordance with the invention is
to be used as a two-stroke oil, or as an upper cylinder lubricant for four-stroke
petrol engines and diesel engines, or indeed as an engine sump oil, the silicone oil
produced preferably comprises, by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than
4% solvent, and oil (including any other additives which may be considered desirable)
as the remainder. It is thought that adding silicone in an amount as little as 0.001
% to an oil by the method in accordance with the invention will have some effect in
improving the lubricating properties of the oil, but generally the silicone oil should
contain not less than 0.02% silicone. Preferably the silicone oil will contain about
0.2% silicone and at least 0.4% solvent.
[0009] When the method in accordance with the invention is carried out using thermal energy
to improve the stability of the silicone oil, the silicone, a solvent in which the
silicone is at least partly soluble, and a carrier oil are mixed and are heated at
between 100°C and 160°C in the absence of oxygen to form a silicone-rich carrier comprising,
by volume, not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% carrier oil, and solvent
as the remainder, and the silicone-rich carrier is subsequently added to and mixed
with a base oil at a temperature between 25°C and 125°C to form a mixture comprising,
by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than 4% solvent, and oil as the remainder,
the mixture, which is the silicone oil, being allowed to cool in the absence of oxygen.
[0010] Preferably the carrier oil comprises at least a portion which is the same as the
base oil, and in the preferred case where the base oil is a standard SAE 30 paraffinic
mineral oil, the carrier oil is preferably a mixture of paraffinic technical white
oil and a paraffinic mineral oil which is identical to the base oil, preferably in
the ratio of 4:1.
[0011] In preparing the silicone-rich carrier the heating of the components in the absence
of oxygen is important to prevent oxidation of the silicone. There are a number of
possible ways of doing this, but the preferred method, at least when the boiling point
of the solvent is below 160°C (as is the case with the preferred solvent perchloroethylene)
is not to add the silicone until the carrier oil and the solvent have been mixed and
raised to the boiling point of the solvent in a suitable vessel. After allowing the
oxygen to be driven from the vessel by the boiling solvent, the silicone is then injected
directly into the mixture in the vessel, and boiling of the mixture is maintained
for a short while before sealing the vessel and allowing the contents to cool slowly.
The silicone-rich carrier is preferably added to and mixed with the base oil at a
temperature of 60°C, this step and the subsequent cooling of the final mixture taking
place in the absence of oxygen for the same reason as mentioned above.
[0012] Preferably however, the stabilisation of the silicone suspension in the method in
accordance with the invention is carried out using a magnetic energy field rather
than the relatively complicated thermal treatment described above. Although it has
been found that a relatively weak field of a few gauss will work, it is considered
that the stronger the field the better will be the results. The mixture of the silicone,
the solvent (when used), and the oil need only be placed in or passed through the
magnetic field to achieve the required effect, but preferably the silicone is added
to and mixed with the other components in the presence of the magnetic field.
[0013] Using a magnetic field to stabilise the silicone suspension is much easier and simpler
than using heat since there is no need to take precautions to exclude oxygen from
the process, and a straight mixture of the components may be treated in a single stage.
If preferred however, a silicone-rich carrier of similar composition to that formed
in the heat treatment process described above may first be formed, and the silicone-rich
carrier subsequently added to a base oil to form the silicone oil mixture. In this
case the stabilising magnetic field is applied to the silicone-rich carrier, the silicone
preferably being added to and mixed with the solvent and the carrier oil in the presence
of the magnetic field. If desired, the final silicone oil mixture may also be subjected
to a magnetic field.
[0014] As mentioned earlier, a silicone oil manufactured in accordance with the invention
is suitable for use, amongst other things, as an engine sump oil. If desired however,
the silicone-rich carriers hereinbefore described may be used on their own as an engine
oil additive which is rich in silicone and which would be added in small amounts to
ordinary sump oils as required. In this case the additive would comprise, by volume,
not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% oil, and solvent as the remainder, it
being the intention for such an additive to be added to sump oil in an amount of from
1 to 5% by volume of the sump oil. The manufacture of the additive would be exactly
the same as for the silicone-rich carriers described earlier. In this case the oil
will preferably be a mixture of paraffinic technical white oil and an SAE 30 paraffinic
mineral oil, preferably in the ratio of 4:1. Generally it is thought that the silicone
and solvent contents will be less for a diesel engine sump oil additive than for a
petrol engine sump oil additive.
[0015] Three examples in which the method in accordance with the invention was carried out
to form a silicone oil suitable for use as a two stroke oil, an upper cylinder lubricant,
or an engine oil will now be described.
Example I.
[0016] A dimethyl silicone mixture was made consisting of 50% dimethyl silicone fluid obtainable
from ICI as F111/50 (having a nominal viscosity of 50 centistokes at 25°C), and 50%
dimethyl silicone fluid obtainable from ICI as F111/300 (having a nominal viscosity
of 300 centistokes at 25°C). In addition, a carrier oil mixture was made consisting
of, by volume, 80% paraffinic technical white oil, and 20% of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic
oil. This oil was obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 1 10A, and had a water content less than
30 parts per million by weight, and a sulphur content less than 0.3% by weight.
[0017] The dimethyl silicone mixture and the carrier oil mixture were then used together
with some perchloroethylene to make a silicone-rich carrier consisting of, by volume,
4% dimethyl silicone, 26% carrier oil, and 70% perchloroethylene. In making the silicone-rich
carrier, the carrier oil and the perchloroethylene were mixed together, without the
silicone mixture, and heated in a suitable vessel to 127°C, which is the boiling point
of perchloroethylene. After allowing time for the oxygen in the vessel to be driven
off, the dimethyl silicone mixture was added directly to the contents of a vessel
by syringe. Boiling was maintained for a short while to ensure that the silicone mixed
completely with the oil and solvent, and to prevent air from re-entering the vessel.
The vessel was then sealed and the mixture allowed to cool slowly in the absence of
oxygen. The resulting mixture was the silicone-rich carrier.
[0018] A standard SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 110A) was then
used as a base lubricating oil to which the silicone-rich carrer was added to form
a silicone oil as follows. The base oil was placed in a closed vessel and heated to
a temperature of 60°C while continuously agitating the oil, air being allowed to escape
from the vessel but not to enter. When 60°C was reached, a small quantity of the silicone-rich
carrier was added to the base oil in the vessel, the quantity being 5% by volume of
the total mixture, and the vessel was sealed after the remaining air had been expelled.
The mixture of the base oil and the silicone-rich carrier in the vessel was agitated
continuously for about 15 minutes at 60°C before being allowed to cool slowly in the
absence of oxygen. The resulting mixture was a high quality silicone oil containing,
by volume, 0.2% silicone, 3.5% perchloroethylene, 1.04% technical white oil, and the
SAE 30 paraffinic oil as the remainder.
Example II.
[0019] As in Example I, the first stage was to make a silicone-rich carrier. This carrier
had exactly the same composition as that in Example I, and again the carrier oil mixture
and the perchloroethylene were mixed together before the dimethyl silicone mixture
was added. In this case however, the mixture of the carrier oil and the perchloroethylene
was placed, at room temperature, in a test tube within a coil comprising between 5,000
and 6,000 turns of SWG 34 copper wire, and the coil energised by a 28 volt d/c supply
to generate an electro-magnetic field within the coil. The dimethyl silicone mixture
was then added to and mixed with the contents of the test tube in the presence of
this relatively weak magnetic field and the mixture subjected to the field for about
5 minutes.
[0020] After that, some of the silicone-rich carrier so formed was added to and vigorously
mixed with a quantity of a base lubricating oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic
oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 11 OA), the silicone-rich carrier being added in an
amount which was 5% by volume of the total mixture. In contrast to Example I however,
the silicone-rich carrier was added to the base oil at room temperature and the mixture
was subjected to the same magnetic field which was used in the formation of the silicone-rich
carrier. The mixture was subjected to the magnetic field for about 5 minutes, and
the result was a high quality silicone oil having the same composition as that produced
in Example I.
Example III.
[0021] As in the previous examples the first stage was to make a silicone-rich carrier using
perchloroethylene and the same dimethyl silicone mixture and carrier oil mixture as
described in example I. In this case however, 10ccs of the perchloroethylene were
mixed with 6ccs of the carrier oil and placed in a tube within a coil generating a
much stronger magnetic field than that used in Example II, 4ccs of the dimethyl silicone
mixture then being added to and mixed with the perchloroethylene and carrier oil in
the tube, i.e. in the presence of the magnetic field. The resulting mixture constituted
the silicone-rich carrier, and comprised, by volume 20% dimethyl silicone, 50% perchloroethylene,
and paraffinic mineral oil (4 parts technical white oil and 1 part SAE 30 base oil)
as the remainder.
[0022] As in the previous examples, the silicone-rich carrier so obtained was then added
to and thoroughly mixed with a base oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic
mineral oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 110A). In this case however, the silicone-rich
carrier was added in an amount which was 1 % by volume of the total mixture, and the
mixture was subjected briefly to a further magnetic field by being poured through
a tube surrounded by an energised electromagnetic coil. The resulting mixture was
an excellent silicone oil containing, by volume, 0.2% silicon, 0.5% perchloroethylene,
0.24% technical white oil, and the SAE 30 paraffinic base oil as the remainder.
[0023] In order to illustrate the improved nature and performance of silicone oils manufactured
in accordance with the invention, a number of tests have been carried out using the
oils made in Examples I to III and these are described and reported as follows.
Test 1.
[0024] Two clear glass jars were set up, one jar containing 500ccs of the silicone oil produced
in Example II, and the other jar containing 500ccs of a silicone oil of identical
composition and manufactured in exactly the same manner except that the silicone-rich
carrier and the final mixture were not subjected to a magnetic field or any other
treatment. Then, without disturbing the jars or their contents in any way, the nature
and appearance of the two oils were observed over a number of days. After the first
day the control oil (i.e. the oil with no magnetic treatment) appeared homogeneous
except for thin horizontal clear regions, or striae, near the upper surface. This
condition remained substantially the same until the fifth day when large particles
(silicones) began depositing on the bottom of the jar. By the sixth day there was
a fairly heavy deposit of silicones at the bottom of the jar and the striae were more
pronounced, this trend continuing through to the ninth day. In contrast, throughout
the whole nine day period the silicone oil produced in accordance with Example 11
remained a completely homogeneous suspension, exhibiting no striae or deposition.
During this period the ambient temperature around the jars ranged between 10 and 12°C,
but on the tenth day the temperature suddenly increased to 16°C, following which some
of the heavy silicone particles began to deposit out from the oil in Example II. At
this point the test was discontinued but it did serve to show that the magnetic field
treatment during the manufacture of the silicone oil markedly improved the ability
of the oil to hold the silicones in suspension.
[0025] It is to be noted that the magnetic field used in Example 11 was relatively weak,
and although tests have not yet been carried out to prove the fact, it is considered
that by making the magnetic field strength very much stronger the stability of the
silicone oil suspension will be improved very much more, perhaps to a point where
some of the silicone molecules will remain in suspension (sufficient to cause a beam
of light projected through the oil to be visibly diffracted) almost indefinitely,
even at fairly high ambient temperatures and the correspondingly low viscosity values.
Indeed, provided that the oil is not overloaded with silicone and there is sufficient
solvent present, it is considered that a major proportion of the silicone molecules
could be stabilised in suspension.
Test 2.
[0026] Samples of three different oils, one being the magnetically treated silicone oil
produced in Example II, another being the control oil used in Test 1, (that is the
untreated silicone oil mixture), and the third being just the base oil (i.e. the SAE
30 Castrol 110A) used in making the silicone oils, were subjected to standard engine
rig tests. These comprise the usual four ball tests to measure weld point, wear, and
seizure under pressure, and are well known in the oil industry for determining the
performance of an oil. The results of the tests are given in the following table:-
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1981/36/DOC/EPNWB1/EP79300996NWB1/imgb0001)
[0027] These results show very clearly that simply mixing silicones with a base lubricating
oil very much improves the properties of the oil, and more importantly that by making
the silicone oil in accordance with the invention the properties of the oil are improved
still further quite appreciably.
Test 3.
[0028] Two motor cars whose petrol consumption had been measured over a long period of time
using the recommended standard petrol and oil were then run using the silicone oil
produced in Example I as an upper cylinder lubricant (3.3 to 6.6ccs per litre of petrol)
and using the silicone-rich carrier of Example I as a sump and gear box oil additive
(5ccs per 560 ccs), and the average petrol consumption measured over a period of about
seven months. In the first motor car, a VW Golf, the average petrol consumption before
using the silicone oil was 10.06 kms. per litre. In the seven month period using silicone
oil as described, the petrol consumption decreased to 11.3 kms. per litre, an improvement
of approximately 13%.
[0029] In the second vehicle, a Triumph TR6 the average petrol consumption without using
the silicone oil was 8.3 kms. per litre, and during the period of use with silicone
oil this decreased to 10.25 kms. per litre, an improvement of about 19%. In addition
it was noticed that a previous tendency for the TR6 engine to pink when using 4 star
petrol disappeared when using the silicone oil as an upper cylinder lubricant, indicating
that a silicone oil manufactured in accordance with the invention may have the effect
of increasing the octane rating of a petrol when mixed with the petrol as an upper
cylinder lubricant.
[0030] It has also been found that when using the silicone oil in this way there is very
much less tendency for carbon deposits to form on the valves and piston surfaces,
and indeed that existing carbon deposits will be reduced or even removed altogether.
Furthermore, it has been found that when using the silicone oil as an engine sump
oil, the engine can be run until seizure, following loss of the oil or oil pressure,
without causing any damage to the engine.
Test 4.
[0031] A series of test were carried out in which a 21 cc Ohlsson and Rice two stroke engine
was run continuously at 6,000 to 7,000 rpm to drive a Champ generator at a power rating
of 100 watts, the engine running until 500 ccs of fuel had been used up. In each case
a different two stroke oil was used with the petrol, mixed in the ratio of 1:25, the
engine being stripped before and after the test to measure the wear, if any, on the
piston and to ascertain the condition of the engine surfaces.
[0032] In the case of one commercially available synthetic two stroke oil the reduction
in the average diameter of the piston thrust face was 60 microns, and in the case
of another commercially available synthetic two stroke oil the reduction was 25 microns,
both very large amounts of wear in the relatively short duration of the tests. In
addition, the piston thrust face was scratched in each case, although in general the
engine was fairly clean apart from light carbon streaks on the engine bore and spark
plug with the first oil.
[0033] In contrast, when using the silicone oil produced in Example I as the two stroke
oil, no reduction in the average diameter of the piston thrust face was measured,
indicating zero wear over the duration of the test. Furthermore there appeared a bright
mirror finish on the piston surfaces, although the rest of the engine was perhaps
not quite as clean as after using the synthetic oils. The spark plug however was a
uniform grey colour, which is good.
Test 5.
[0034] The 21cc Ohlsson and Rice two stroke engine was run powering the Champ generator,
and the engine surface temperature was measured at different power output levels using
a calibrated thermistor bolted to the engine cylinder head. The test was carried out
a number of times using different two stroke oils in the petrol used to fuel the engine
(2% oil in the mixture), and the results are shown in the accompanying graphs which
plot engine surface temperature (degrees centigrade) against generator power output
(current in amps). It was found that the engine would often run at different temperatures
on different days, despite using the same fuel mixture and the ambient temperature
being the same. Consequently, the tests which are recorded on each graph were carried
out on the same day as each other and as close as possible to each other in time in
order to avoid as much as possible temperature differences arising for reasons other
than the change in fuel mixture.
[0035] In the graph of Figure 1, the curve () - () represents a fuel mixture containing
2% of a commercially available synthetic two stroke oil;
the curve■―■ represents a fuel mixture containing 2% of a different commercially available
synthetic two stroke oil; and,
the curve ⊙―⊙ represents a fuel mixture containing 2% of the silicone oil produced
in Example III.
[0036] During these tests the ambient temperature remained 13°C. As can be seen, when using
the silicone oil of Example III in the fuel, the engine ran approximately 2°C cooler
than when using the commercially available synthetic oils.
[0037] In the graph of Figure 2, the curve ⊙―⊙ represents a fuel mixture containing 2% of
the silicone oil made in Example III; and,
the curve■―■ represents a fuel containing 2% of a silicone oil having the same composition
as that of Example III but which was made instead using the weaker magnetic field
treatment of Example II.
[0038] The ambient temperature throughout these tests was 13°C and the graph indicates that
the engine ran approximately 2°C cooler when using the silicone oil of Example III,
that is the oil subjected to the stronger magnetic field during its manufacture.
[0039] In the graph of Figure 3, the curve x - x represents a fuel containing 2% of a commercially
available synthetic two stroke oil different from those used in the tests of Figure
1;
the curve■―■ represents a fuel containing 2% of a two stroke silicone oil in accordance
with the invention and consisting of a half and half mixture of the two oils used
in the tests of Figure 2; and,
the curve ⊙―⊙ represents a fuel containing 2% of a two stroke silicone oil which is
the same as that represented by · · in Figure 2 except that the base oil used in forming
the silicone oil contained 0.2% of an aliphatic chlorinated wax (obtained from ICI
as Cereclor 42).
[0040] The ambient temperature throughout the tests was 1 1 °C. As can be seen from the
graph the engine temperatures at relatively low loads were much the same for the synthetic
oil and the silicon oil mixture, but at higher loads were much higher for the synthetic
oil and the engine would not actually produce maximum power. When run using the silicone
oil containing Cereclor 42 the engine ran very cool at low loads, perhaps too cool
since a fluffy deposit was found on the sparking plug. In all other cases using a
silicone oil in accordance with the invention the sparking plug ended in very good
condition, being a matt grey colour with no deposits. In general however, the reduction
of the operating temperature of an engine, which the use of silicone two stroke oils
produced in accordance with the invention appears to do, is beneficial in that there
tends to be less wear in the engine and there is less carbon break down in the combustion
of the fuel, resulting in less pollution.
[0041] In summary, while we accept that these tests are by no means conclusive, we think
that it is true to say that not only are silicone oils manufactured in accordance
with the invention out- standinglv better in performance (providing much greater engine
protection and life and less fuel consumption) than oils at present commercially available,
but that they are also appreciably better, both in stability and performance than
simple mixtures of oil and silicones.
1. A method of making a silicone oil, in which a suspension of silicone in a lubricating
oil is formed and the stability of the suspension is improved by subjecting the mixture
to a magnetic field.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the silicone is added to and mixed with
the oil in the presence of the magnetic field.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the oil is a paraffinic mineral
oil having a water content of less than 30 parts per million by weight and a sulphur
content of less than 1% by weight.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the silicone is a dimethyl
silicone having a molecular chain length which substantially matches that of the oil.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the suspension includes
a solvent in which the silicone is at least partly soluble.
6. A method according to claim 5, in which the silicone oil produced is intended for
use as an engine sump oil, a two stroke oil, or an upper cylinder lubricant, and comprises,
by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than 4% solvent, and oil as the remainder.
7. A method according to claim 6, in which the silicone oil contains about 0.2% silicone
and at least 0.4% solvent.
8. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which the solvent is perchloroethylene.
9. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, in which the silicone and the solvent
are first mixed with a carrier oil to form a silicone-rich carrier comprising, by
volume, not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% carrier oil, and solvent as
the remainder, the silicone being added to and mixed with the solvent and the carrier
oil in the presence of a magnetic field to improve the stability of the silicone suspension,
and the silicone-rich carrier is subsequently mixed with a base oil to provide the
silicone oil.
10. A method according to claim 9, in which the silicone-rich carrier comprises 20%
silicone, 30% carrier oil, and 50% solvent, and is added to the base oil in an amount
which is 1% by volume of the mixture thereof.
11. A method according to claim 9 or claim 10, in which the mixture of the silicone-rich
carrier and the base oil is also subjected to a magnetic field.
12. A method of making a silicone oil, in which a lubricating oil, a silicone and
a solvent in which the silicone is at least partly soluble, are mixed together to
form a suspension of silicone in the oil, and the stability of the suspension is improved
by thermal treatment, the silicone and the solvent being mixed with a carrier oil
and heated at between 100°C and 160°C in the absence of oxygen to form a silicone-rich
carrier comprising, by volume, not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% carrier
oil, and solvent as the remainder, and the silicone-rich carrier subsequently being
added to and mixed with a base oil at a temperature between 25°C and 125°C to form
a mixture comprising, by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than 4% solvent,
and oil as the remainder, the mixture being allowed to cool in the absence of oxygen
to form a silicone oil suitable for use as an engine sump oil, a two-stroke oil, or
an upper cylinder lubricant.
13. A method according to claim 12, in which the solvent is perchloroethylene and
is heated with the carrier oil to at least 127°C before the silicone is added in the
absence of oxygen to form the silicone-rich carrier.
14. A method according to claim 12 or claim 13, in which the silicone-rich carrier
is added to the base oil at a temperature of 60°C.
15. A method according to claim 9 or any one of claims 12 to 14, in which the silicone-rich
carrier comprises 4% silicone, 26% carrier oil, and 70% solvent, and is added to the
base oil in an amount which is 5% by volume of the mixture thereof.
16. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, in which the base oil is an SAE
30 paraffinic mineral oil having a water content of less than 30 parts per million
by weight and a sulphur content of less than 1% by weight, and the carrier oil is
a mixture of paraffinic technical white oil and a paraffinic mineral oil identical
to the base oil.
17. A method according to claim 16, in which the paraffinic technical white oil constitutes
80% by volume, of the carrier oil.
1. Procédé de production d'une huile siliconée, dans lequel une suspension de silicone
dans une huile lubrifiante est formée et la stabilité de la suspension est améliorée
par l'exposition du mélange à un champ magnétique.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel la silicone est ajoutée à l'huile
et mélangée avec elle en présence du champ magnétique.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'huile est
une huile minérale paraffinique ayant une teneur en eau inférieure à 30 parties par
million en poids et une teneur en soufre de moins de 1 % en poids.
4. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la silicone
est une silicone diméthylée ayant une longueur de chaîne moléculaire égalant sensiblement
celle de l'huile.
5. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la suspension
comprend un solvant dans lequel la silicone est au moins partiellement soluble.
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel l'huile siliconée produite est
destinée à être utilisée comme huile pour carter de moteur, comme huile pour moteur
à deux temps ou comme lubrifiant pour hauts de cylindres et comprend, en volume, pas
plus de 1 % de silicone, pas plus de 4 % de solvant, l'huile constituant le reste.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6, dans lequel l'huile siliconée contient environ
0,2 % de silcone et au moins 0,4 % de solvant.
8. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel le solvant
est le perchloréthylène.
9. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel la silicone
et le solvant sont tout d'abord mélangés avec une huile-véhicule pour former un véhicule
riche en silicone renfermant, en volume, pas plus de 20 96 de silicone, pas plus de
40 % d'huile-véhicule, le solvant constituant le reste, la silicone étant ajoutée
et incorporée au solvant et à l'huile-véhicule en présence d'un champ magnétique pour
améliorer la stabilité de la suspension de silicone, et le véhicule riche en silicone
est ensuite mélangé avec une huile de base pour former l'huile siliconée.
10. Procédé suivant la revendication 9, dans lequel le véhicule riche en silicone
comprend 20 % de silicone, 30 % d'huile-véhicule et 50 % de solvant et est ajouté
à l'huile de base en une quantité égale à 1 % en volume de son mélange.
11. Procédé suivant la revendication 9 ou, la revendication 10, dans lequel le mélange
de véhicule riche en silicone et d'huile de base est également exposé à un champ magnétique.
12. Procédé de production d'une huile siliconée, dans lequel une huile lubrifiante,
une silicone et un solvant dans lequel la silicone est au moins partiellement soluble
sont mélangés ensemble pour former une suspension de silicone dans l'huile et la stabilité
de la suspension est améliorée par un traitement thermique, la silicone et le solvant
étant mélangés avec une huile-véhicule et chauffés à une température comprise entre
100 et 160°C en l'absence d'oxygène pour former un véhicule riche en silicone comprenant,
en volume, pas plus de 20% de silicone, pas plus de 40 % d'huile-véhicule, le solvant
constituant le reste, et le véhicule riche en silicone étant ensuite ajouté et incorporé
à une huile de base à une température comprise entre 25 et 125°C pour former un mélange
comprenant, en volume, pas plus de 1 % de silicone, pas plus de 4 % de solvant et
l'huile con- situant le reste, le mélange étant mis à refroidir à l'abri de l'oxygène
pour former une huile siliconée destinée à être utilisée comme huile pour carter de
moteur, comme huile pour moteur à deux temps ou comme lubrifiant pour hauts de cylindres.
13. Procédé suivant la revendication 12, dans lequel le solvant est le perchloréthylène
et est chauffé avec l'huile-véhicule à au moins 127°C avant l'addition de la silicone
à l'abri de l'oxygène pour former le véhicule riche en silicone.
14. Procédé suivant la revendication 12 ou la revendication 13, dans lequel le véhicule
riche en silicone est ajouté à l'huile de base à une température de 60°C.
15. Procédé suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à
14, dans lequel le véhicule riche en silicone comprend 4 % de silicone, 26 % d'huile-véhicule
et 70 % de solvant et est ajouté à l'huile de base en une quantité qui est égale à
5 % en volume de son mélange.
16. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel l'huile
de base est une huile minérale paraffinique SAE-30 ayant une teneur en eau de moins
de 30 parties par million en poids et une teneur en soufre de moins de 1 % en poids
et l'huile-véhicule est un mélange d'huile blanche paraffinique technique et d'huile
minérale paraffinique identique à l'huile de base.
17. Procédé suivant la revendication 16, dans lequel l'huile blanche paraffinique
technique constitue 80 % en volume de l'huile-véhicule.
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Silikonöls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Silikon-Suspension
in einem Schmieröl gebildet wird, und daß die Stabilität der Suspension dadurch verbessert
wird, daß das Gemisch einem Magnetfeld ausgesetzt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Silikon hinzugefügt und
mit dem Öl in Gegenwart eines Magnetfeldes vermischt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Öl ein paraffinisches
Mineralöl mit einem Wassergehalt von weniger als 30 ppm und einem Schwefelgehalt von
weniger als 1 Gew% ist.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Silikon eine Dimethylsilikon ist, das eine Molekülkettenlänge besitzt, die
im wesentlichen der des Öles. entspricht.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Suspension
ein Lösungsmittel umfaßt, in dem Silikon mindestens teilweise löslich ist.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hergestellte Silikonöl
zur Verwendung als Motorsumpföl, als Zweitakter-Öl oder als oberes Zylinderschmiermittel
gedacht ist, und nicht mehr als 1 Vol.% Silikon, nicht mehr als 4 Vol.% Lösungsmittel
umfaßt, wobei das Öl den übrigen Teil ausbildet.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Silikonöl etwa 0,2 %
Silikon und etwa 0,4 % Lösungsmittelk umfaßt.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel
Perchloräthylen ist.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Silikon
und das Lösungsmittel zuerst mit einem Trägeröl vermischt werden, um einen silkonreichen
Träger herzustellen, der nicht mehr als 20 Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als 40 Vol.%
Trägeröl umfaßt, wobei das Lösungsmittel den übrigen Teil bildet, und Silikon hinzugefügt
wird und mit dem Lösungsmittel und dem Trägeröl in Gegenwart eines Magnetfeldes vermischt
werden, um die Stabilität der Silikonsuspension zu verbessern, und daß der silikonreiche
Träger anschließend mit einem Basisöl vermischt wird, um ein Silikonöl zu schaffen.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der silikonreiche Träger
20 % Silikon, 30 % Trägeröl und 50 % Lösungsmittel umfaßt, und daß das Basisöl in
einer Menge hinzugefügt wird, die ein Vol.% des Gemisches beträgt.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch des
Silikonreichen Trägers und des Basisöls ebenfalls einem Magnetfeld unterworfen wird.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Silikonöls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Schmieröl,
ein Silikon und ein Lösungsmittel, in dem Silikon mindestens teilweise löslich ist,
miteinander unter Bildung einer Silikonsuspension im Öl vermischt werden, und daß
die Stabilität der Suspension durch eine thermische Behandlung verbessert wird, wobei
das Silikon und das Lösungsmittel ,mit, einem Trägeröl vermischt und bei einer Temperatur
zwischen 100° C und 160° C in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff erwärmt werden, unter Bildung
eines silikonreichen Trägers, de nicht mehr als 20 Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als
40 % Trägeröl enthält, wobei das Lösungsmittel das übrige bildet, und daß der silikonreiche
Träger nachfolgende hinzugefügt und mit einem Basisöl bei einer Temperatur zwischen
25° C und 125° C unter Bildung einer Mischung vermischt wird, die nicht mehr als 1
Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als 4 Vol.% Lösungsmittel enthält, wobei das ÖI den überigen
Teil darstellt, und daß das Gemisch in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff abkühlen kann, unter
Bildung eines Silikonöles, das als Motoröl, als Zweitakter-Öl oder als ein oberes
Zylinderschmiermittel verwendet werden kann.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel Perchloräthylen
ist und mit dem Trägeröl auf mindestens 127° C erwärmt wird, bevor Silikon in Abwesenheit
von Sauerstoff unter Bildung eines silikonreichen Trägers hinzugefügt wird.
. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der silikonreiche
Träger bei einer Temperatur von 60° C zu einem Basisöl hinzugegeben wird.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der silikonreiche Träger 4 % Silikon, 26% Trägeröl und 70% Lösungsmittel umfaßt
und zum Basisöl in einer Menge hinzugefügt wird, die 5 Vol.% des Gemisches trägt.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Basisöl
ein SAE 30 paraffinisches Mineralöl mit einem Wassergehalt von weniger als 30 ppm
an Gewicht und eine.m Schwefelgehalt geringer als 1 Gew.% ist, und daß das Trägeröl
ein Gemisch aus paraffinisch-technischem Weißol und paraffinischem Mineralöl ist das
dem Basisöl entspricht.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das paraffinisch-technische
Weißöl 80 Vol.% des Trägeröls darstellt.