[0001] Several proposals have been made on multiple electron beam type flat shaped picture
display device, for example in the United States Patent Specification No. 3,935,500
and SID 78 Digest pp. 122 to 127. Furthermore, in order to obtain higher grade picture
having larger number of picture elements three of the inventors of the present invention
have invented and proposed a simultaneous scanning multiple electron beam type picture
display apparatus described in the specification of the Japanese Patent Application
Sho 53-106788 filed on August 30, 1978 (not yet examined) and also described in the
specification of the United States Patent No. 4,227,117 patented on October 7, 1980.
This apparatus can have very large number of the picture element in comparison with
number of electron extracting apertures of its control electrode.
[0002] The structure of picture image display apparatus of the above-mentioned described
invention is shown in FIG. 1 which is an exploded view of the principal part of the
above-mentioned apparatus. The apparatus comprises, as shown from the upper part to
the lower part in FI
G. 1, an isolation electrode 200 having a plural number of isolation walls 201 to define
oblong isolated spaces 202, a row of predetermined number M (e.g. M=15) of parallel
disposed linear thermionic cathodes 1 (i.e., line cathodes, each of which comprises
a linear filament line to be heated by a low voltage, e.g., D.C. 10 V and electron
emissive oxide coating thereon, and hereinafter is referred to as linear thermionic
cathode) each being disposed in the isolated spaces 202, an extractor electrode 300
having a predetermined number N (e.g. N=107) of electron beam passing apertures 300a
disposed in rows below the linear thermionic cathodes 100, a row of control electrodes
400 for controlling beam intensity disposed parallelly in a direction perpendicular
to those of said linear.thermionic cathodes 100 each having electron beam passing
openings 400a below the apertures 300a, an electron beam forming electrode 500 having
electron beam passing openings 500a below the openings 400a, a row of vertical deflection
electrodes comprising pairs of common-connected first electrodes 600 and common-connected
second electrodes 600', a row of horizontal deflection electrodes comprising pairs
of common-connected first electrodes 700 and common-connected second electrodes 700',
an electric field shielding electrode 800, an anode 900 of vapor- deposited thin aluminum
film, and a phosphor screen 1000 formed on a face panel 1100 of a vacuum enclosure
and under said anode 900. Every electron beams e, e ... pass through deflection spaces
620, 620 ... and 720, 720 ... defined by the deflection electrodes pairs 600, 600'
... and 700, 700' ... disposed regularly in the same order with respect to every electron
beams as shown in FIG. 1.
[0003] In the operation of such multiple electron beam type flat display apparatus described
in the above-mentioned specifications, scannings of beam spots on the phosphor screen
are made in the known line-at-a-time type scanning, wherein ordinary time-sequential
image signal is converted into a plural number of parallel signals. For example, by
taking a case to display an image field raster having numbers of picture elements
of 240 (in vertical direction) times 321 ( in horizontal direction), with regard to
the horizontal scanning of the beam spots the raster is divided into a plural number
N of vertically oblong sections, wherein the horizontal scannings are carried out
parallelly in all of N sections. Then, each section has picture elements of n=
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1982/17/DOC/EPNWA1/EP81108245NWA1/imgb0001)
N in the horizontal direction. For example, when the number N of the vertical sections
is 107, the number n of picture element in each section is 3. For such example, 107
beam spots are produced from each linear thermionic cathode and 107 control electrodes
are provided in order to control the 107 electron beam intensities. In the apparatus,
the horizontal scanning is made by using saw-tooth wave having a horizontal scanning
period H applied to the horizontal deflection electrode and in a manner that all the
N beam spots are deflected simultaneously to scan in the same direction taking one
horizontal scanning period H. The horizontal scanning period H is equal to the horizontal
scanning period of the ordinary time sequential television signal. In order for attaining
such line-at-a-time-scanning, the ordinary time sequential image signal is preliminarily
converted into the N parallel signals of the line-at-a-time type, each signal thereof
comprising time sequential elements for three picture data.
[0004] The vertical scanning of the described apparatus is made by dividing the raster into
a plural number M of horizontally oblong sections, and at first in the first section,
for example in the uppermost section, the plural number of beam spots, which simultaneously
scan, also scan vertically (downwards). When the vertical scanning in the first section
is over and all the beam spots reach the bottoms of the first horizontally oblong
sections, then the forming of electron beams from the electron from the first linear
thermionic-cathode ends and the forming of electron beams from the electrons from
the second linear thermionic cathode starts, and the vertical scannings of the beam
spots start in the second horizontally oblong section and scan downwards in the same
way as in the first section. The vertical scanning is made thus downwards to the bottom
or M-th section by applying a saw-tooth wave having a period M, where V is the vertical
scanning period of the ordinary television signal. For the above-mentioned example
of the raster having the number of vertical picture element of 240, when the number
M of the horizontally oblong sections is 15, each of the section has the horizontal
scanning lines of a number of m=
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1982/17/DOC/EPNWA1/EP81108245NWA1/imgb0002)
=16. That is to say, the example apparatus uses
15 linear thermionic cathodes, and each cathode vertically scans to produce 16 horizontal
scanning lines.
[0005] In such picture display apparatus, as elucidated in reference to FIG. 1, a high precision
structure is required in positional relations and gaps between parallel electrodes,
in order to obtain accurate scanning and beam current controlling necessary for high
grade picture.
[0006] In general, the electrodes other than cathodes of such flat type picture display
apparatus are made of Ni-Cr-Fe alloy, and these electrodes have considerable sizes
and are assembled with predetermined narrow gaps by utilizing insulating gap spacer
substrates of glass or ceramic, and bonding of the above-mentioned members are made
by using sealing glass (i.e., low melting temperature glass frit). In such construction
punching on the insulating gap spacer of glass or ceramic requires difficult and rather
expensive working, and furthermore, such glass or ceramic substrate has different
thermal expansion coefficient from the electrode material inducing strain or crack
of such insulating gap spacer substrate, leading to unstable or unreliable operations
of the display apparatus.
Summary of the Invention
[0007] The present invention purports to improve the above-mentioned problem of the conventional
flat type picture display apparatus. The present-invention enables to bond electrodes
with high accuracy and without problem of strain or crack of insulating gap spacers.
[0008] The bonding is made by using two parts of crystallizable sealing glass, namely a
first part applied on an electrode and fired to crystallize to form hardened spacer,
and a second part applied on the electrode or on the first part, the second part bonding
the electrodes. Thus the bonded electrode construction includes a plural of electrodes,
insulating gap spacers of first part of crystallizable sealing glass spacing a predetermined
gap between the electrodes and bond of second part of crystallizable sealing glass
bonding the electrodes.
Brief Explanation of the Drawings
[0009]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a general example of a multiple cathode
type flat picture image display apparatus.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view for elucidating a step of an example embodying
the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view for elucidating a step of another example embodying
the present invention.
FIG. 3A is an exploded perspective view for elucidating a step of another example
embodying the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view for elucidating a step of another example embodying
the present invention.
FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are front views showing two examples modified from the example
of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view for elucidating a step of another example embodying
the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view of assembled construction of the example of FIG. 5 seen from
the direction of arrow VI of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a step of a part of the construction of the example of FIG.
5 seen from the direction of arrow VII of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7A is a front view of the finished state of the construction of FIG. 7.
Description of Preferred Embodiments
[0010] Further objects and advantages are elucidated more in detail referring to the attached
drawings illustrating examples of the present invention.
[0011] In FIG. 2, a first electrode 1 and a second electrode 6 having oblong through holes
2, 2 ... and 7, 7 ..., respectively, are to be assembled with a plural of oblong third
electrodes 4, 4 ... having corresponding oblong through-holes 5, 5 ... inbetween.
These first electrode 1, second electrode 7, and third electrode 4 are made of Ni-Cr-Fe
alloy. These members are not necessarily limited to the electrodes per se, but may
be any auxiliary or related member thereof, for example, supporting frame or current
feeding conductor, or the like, and therefore, the word "electrode" should be taken
as "electrode member" which includes the electrode as well as the above-mentioned
auxiliary or related members. On a face of the first and the second electrodes 1 and
6, at the parts other than the through-holes 2, 2 ... and 7, 7 ... of the electrodes
1 and 6, respectively, pieces or strips 3, 3 ..., 8, 8 ... of a crystallizable sealing
glass are formed by, for example, screen printing process. For the sealing glass,
a glass frit having a low-melting point, for example, 7575W (name of good) produced
and sold by Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd. of Tokyo Japan) is used. On both faces of the third
electrodes 4, 4 ..., pieces or strips 38, 38 ... of crystallizable sealing glass are
formed similarly to the above-mentioned strips and at the parts to corresponds thereto.
Strips on either of the first and the second electrode 1, 6 or the third electrodes.4,
4 ... are then heated to such a "high temperature" that the crystallizable sealing
glass of the glass frit 3, 8 or 38 heated thereby become crystallized (hereinafter
this "high temperature" is referred to as "crystallizing temperature"). After such
heating, the sealing glass is irreversibly crystallized, and the crystalline structure
is retained even when the temperature is brought down or further raised. Then the
strips on the other electrode, which has not yet heated, is then heated to such a
"lower temperature" that the crystallizable sealing glass therein becomes a glaze,
but not yet crystallized, and therefore will be crystallized at subsequent heating
to or over the crystallizing temperature (hereinafter, this "lower temperature" is
referred to as glazing temperature).
[0012] Then, by assembling the first electrode 1, the second electrode 6 and the third electrode
4 inbetween, pressing and heating them, the pieces or strips of sealing glass which
have become glaze melt and bond the electrodes or electrode members all together.
In this bonding step, the previously crystallized pieces of strips, which are now
hardened, serves as gap spacers to define necessary gaps between the electrodes.
[0013] FIG. 3 shows a step of another example embodying the present invention, wherein a
plural number of oblong electrodes 4, 4 ... are to be bonded in insulated relation
on a first electrode 1. The electrodes 4, 4 ... and 1 are similar to those of the
first example. In this example, however, each of the strips of the sealing glass comprises
first parts 3 formed directly on the first electrode 1 and second parts 38 formed
on the first parts 3. The first parts 3 are formed by, firstly applying crystallizable
sealing glass powder (for example, the 7575W of Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd.) mixed with
a known vehicle containing, for example, isoamyl acetate, by means of screen printing
process, and secondly, after drying the mixture, firing the sealing glass powder at
the crystallizing temperature of e.g. 450 to 500°C, thereby to crystallize and harden
the sealing glass.
[0014] Then, the second parts 38 are applied onto the hardened strips of the first parts
3, by means of, for example, the similar screen printing process to that of the first
parts 3 followed by a glazing step. The same kind of crystallizable sealing glass
as that of the first parts 3 is usable for the second parts 38, but different kind
crystallizable sealing glass may be used. The glazing of the second parts 38 is made
by heating it to the glazing temperature of e.g. 350 to 380°C, thereby obtaining reversibly
hardened strips which is durable to inadvertent scratching.
[0015] Thereafter, oblong electrodes 4, 4 ... to be bonded on the first electrode 1 are
put on the latter, pressed and the above-mentioned members are heated to the crystallizing
temperature of the crystallizable. sealing glass of the second parts 38. Then, the
crystallizable sealing glass is melt and changes to the crystallized state, and the
oblong electrodes 4, 4 ... are firmly bonded to the first electrode 1 with accurate
gap defined by the thickness of the first parts 3. In the above-mentioned process,
the glazing of the second parts 38 is preferable for the durability thereof, and reliability
of the manufactured apparatus, but this may be dispensed with if scratching or damaging
of the second parts 38 is not liable to occur.
[0016] FIG. 3A shows a modified example where the second parts 38 of crystallizable sealing
glass are disposed at the side of the first parts 3. In this case, in order to ensure
reliable bonding, the thickness of the second parts 38 should be thicker than the
first part 3; and for other matters, descriptions for the example of FIG. 3 is similarly
applicable to this example.
[0017] FIG. 4 shows another example, wherein different from the example of FIG. 3, the crystallizable
sealing glass strips 3 and 38 are divided into short pieces, and other parts are substantially
the same to the example of FIG. 3. By means of such divided strips construction, even
when difference of thermal expansion coefficient between the electrode and the strips
of sealing glass shows a considerable value, there is no undesirable strain or bending
of each electrode and of the assembled electrode construction.
[0018] FIG. 4A is a front view of an example which is a modification of the example of FIG.
3 or FIG. 4. In the constructions of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the largest gap space obtainable
by the gap spacer is about 500 µm, and when a gap space larger than 500 µm, accurate
and uniform gap space can not be formed. The construction of FIG. 4A shows an improved
construction which can afford a desirable large gap by means of cascade gap spacer
construction, where a metal spacer 100 is bonded on the electrode 1 by means of the
double layer construction of the crystallizable sealing glass comprising the first
part 3 and the second part 38 formed by the same way as those of the examples of FIG.
3 or FIG. 4. The way of FIG. 2 can be also applicable. Then another two layers of
the first part 3 and the second part 38 are formed on the metal spacer 100 in the
same way, and by this latter double layered sealing glass, the electrode 4 is bonded
to the spacer 100, and resultantly to the electrode 1.
[0019] FIG. 4B is a front view of another example which is a modification of the example
of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4. In this example, the positional order of the first part 3 and
the second part 38 between the electrode 4 and the spacer 100 is opposite to the case
of FIG. 4A. This construction is made by forming the first part 3 and the second part
38 on the lower face of the electrode 4, instead of the upper face of the spacer 100.
[0020] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of another example, and FIG. 6 is a sectional
front view of the example of FIG. 5, seen from the direction of an arrow VI of FIG.
5, wherein a row of parallel wire electrodes 12al, 12a2, 12bl, 12b2, l2cl, 12c2, ...
as electron beam control electrodes are bonded between a first electrode 1 and a second
electrode 6 having oblong openings 2, 2 ... and 7, 7 ... respectively for passing
ribbon shape electron beams. The bonding is made by means of crystallizable sealing
glass strips 15, 15, 15, ..., which are formed on the lower face of the first electrode
1 and on the upper face of the second electrode 6, at such parts other than the openings
2, 2 ... and 7, 7 .... Each of the strips 15 are formed as shown by FIG. 7, which
is an enlarged sectional view thereof, seen from the direction of an arrow VII of
FIG. 5. The strips 15, 15 ... are formed by: Firstly applying a first part 3 of crystallizable
sealing glass powder (for example, the 7575W of Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd.) mixed with
a known vehicle containing, for example, isoamyl acetate, by means of screen printing
process, thereafter, after drying the mixture firing the sealing glass powder at the
crystallizing temperature of, e.g. 450 to 500°C, thereby to crystallize and harden
the sealing glass to form a first part 3 to serve as a spacer; and then secondly forming
a second part 38 by applying on the first part 3 by means of, for example, the similar
screen printing process to that of the first part 3, followed by a glazing of the
second part 38 by heating it to the glazing temperature of, e.g. 350 to 380°C, thereby
forming the strips l5, 15 ... having sectional construction shown by FIG. 7.
[0021] Then, wires 12al, 12a2, l2bl ... as control electrodes are disposed at accurate positions
on the electrode 6 by means of appropriate step, for example by using a suitable jig,
and then the first electrode 1 and the second electrodes 6 are pressed to the wire
electrodes 12al, 12a2 ... , and the whole parts including the strips 15, 15 ... are
heated, so that the glazed second parts 38, 38 ... are melted and then crystallized
and hardened thereby bonding the wire electrodes and accordingly the first and second
electrodes therewith, forming an assembled electrode construction as shown by FIG.
6 (seen from the direction of arrow VI of FIG. 5) and by FIG. 7A (seen from the direction
of arrow VII of FIG. 5). In this bonding, the gaps between the wire electrodes l2al,
12a2 ... and the first or second electrode 1 or 6 is accurately defined by preliminarily
hardened spacer strips 3, 3 .... Of course, the first electrode 1, the second electrode
6 and the wire electrodes 12al ... inbetween are each other insulated by the strips
15 of crystallized sealing glass, consisting of the spacers 3, ... and the bonding
layer 38, ..._
[0022] In case each wire electrodes are to be impressed of different voltage or signal,
the hair-pin loop shaped end parts shown by the dotted line should be cut away.
[0023] On the contrary, when neighboring two wire electrodes are to be impressed of the
same voltage or signal as pair electrodes, the hair-pin loop shaped end parts should
be left as they are.
[0024] In the bonding step by pressing and heating the electrodes 1, 6, 12al ... together,
the wire electrodes 12al, 12a2 ... should be held with a suitable tension so as to
be bonded straight without sag. It is preferable to select the wire electrodes 12al,
12a2, 12bl ... having thermal expansion coefficient larger than those of the grid
shaped or frame shaped first and second electrodes 1 and 6. This is for the purpose
that in the finished display apparatus the wire electrodes 12al ... exhibit a desirable
tension when cooled down to a room temperature or in an operating temperature of the
display apparatus, which is sufficiently lower than the bonding (crystallizing) temperature.
[0025] In the above-mentioned description, the control electrodes are taken for the examples,
but the application of the present invention is not limited to the control electrodes,
but is applicable to the deflection electrodes, convergence electrodes or other electrodes.
Furthermore, the number of electrodes to form the electrode construction is not limited
to two layers or three layers as shown by the attached drawings, but constructions
having more layers of electrode can be realized by embodying the present invention.
[0026] The apertures of the electrodes 2, 7 and 5 are only one example, and may be of any
form.
[0027] The electrode construction in accordance with the present invention is specially
suitable in accurately assembling thin electrodes of a large size formed by photolithographic
etching process.
1. An electrode construction comprising:
at least two electrode members
at least a first piece of crystallizable sealing glass as a spacer disposed between
said two electrode members to define space between said at least two electrode members,
at least a second piece of sealing glass as a bond disposed between said two electrode
members to bond said at least two electrode members.
2. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said second piece of sealing glass at least partly is superposed on said first piece
of crystallizable sealing glass.
3. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said second piece of sealing glass is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
4. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in strips.
5. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in intermittent strips.
6. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 2, wherein
one of said electrode members is a metal plate having apertures for passing electron
beams, and
the other of said electrode members is parallel wier electrodes.
7. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 6, wherein
said parallel electrodes are hair-pin shaped wire electrodes disposed in parallel
each other thus forming parallel electrodes every two neighboring ones of which are
common connected.
8. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first piece of crystallizable sealing glass and said second pieces of sealing
glass are disposed neighboring each other on one of said electrode member.
9. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 8, wherein
said second piece of sealing glass is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
10. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 8, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in strips.
11. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 8, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in intermittent strips.
12. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 8, wherein
one of said electrode members is a metal plate having apertures for passing electron
beams, and
the other of said electrode members is parallel wire electrodes.
13. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 8, wherein
said parallel electrodes are hair-pin shaped wire electrodes disposed in parallel
each other thus forming parallel electrodes every two neighboring ones of which are
common connected.'
14. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein
both the electrode members have at least one of said first piece and at least one
of said second piece thereon,
said second pieces on both of the electrode members are bonded on opposite faces of
a metallic spacer of a predetermined thickness.
15. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said second piece of sealing glass is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
16. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 14, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in strips.
17. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 14, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in intermittent strips.
18. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 14, wherein
one of said electrode members is a metal plate having apertures for passing electron
beams, and
the other of said electrode members is parallel wire electrodes.
19. An electrode construction in accordance with claim 14, wherein
said parallel electrodes are hair-pin shaped wire electrodes disposed in parallel
each other thus forming parallel electrodes every two neighboring ones of which are
common connected.
20. Method of making electrode construction comprising the steps of:
forming at least a first piece of crystallizable sealing glass on a surface of at
least one of opposing faces of electrode members,
heating said first piece until to become crystallized for serving as spacer,
forming at least a second piece of sealing glass on said surface, and
bonding said electrode members by heating and pressing them each other thereby heating
to melt said second piece as bond, retaining space defined by said spacer.
21. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 20, wherein
said second piece is formed in a manner to at least partly superpose on said first
piece.
.22. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 21, wherein
said first piece and second piece are formed in strip disposed on the face of said
electrode member.
23. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 22, wherein
a first one of said electrode member is a metal sheet having apertures for passing
electron beams and a second electrode member is wire electrodes disposed substantially
in parallel each other and to said metal sheet.
'24. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 23, wherein
said wire electrodes are of a metal having larger thermal expansion coefficient than
that of said metal sheet.
25. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 23, wherein
said second piece is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
26. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 22, wherein
said wire electrodes are hair-pin shaped wire electrode disposed parallelly each other,
and turning part of the hair-pin shaped wire electrodes are cut away, thereby isolating
individual parallel wire electrodes.
27. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 26, wherein
said wire electrodes are of a metal having larger thermal expansion coefficient than
that of said metal sheet.
28. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 26, wherein
said second piece is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
29. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 20, wherein
said first piece and said second piece are formed in intermittent strip disposed on
the face of said electrode member.
30. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 20, wherein
said second piece is disposed neighboring aside said first piece, and said second
piece at the time prior to be heated for bonding is taller than said first piece.
31. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 20, which further
comprises a step of
glazing said second piece of crystallizable sealing glass by heating it to a glazing
temperature which is lower than that of crystallizing it prior to said bonding.
32. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 31, wherein
said first piece and second piece are formed in strip disposed on the face of said
electrode member.
33. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 32, wherein
a first one of said electrode member is a metal sheet having apertures for passing
electron beams and a second electrode member is wire electrodes disposed substantially
in parallel each other and to said metal sheet.
34. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 33, wherein
said wire electrodes are of a metal having larger thermal expansion coefficient than
that of said metal sheet.
35. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 34, wherein
said second piece is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.
36. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 32, wherein
said wire electrodes are hair-pin shaped wire electrode disposed parallelly each other,
and turning part of the hair-pin shaped wire electrodes are cut away, thereby isolating
individual parallel wire electrodes.
37. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 36, wherein
said wire electrodes are of a metal having larger thermal expansion coefficient than
that of said metal sheet.
38. Method of making electrode construction in accordance with claim 36, wherein
said second piece is also made of crystallizable sealing glass.