[0001] This invention relates to an improvement in a pulsation-free volumetric pump utilizing
a reciprocating plunger-type pump, and more particularly, to an improvement in a controlling
mechanism for stabilizing the pulsation-free property of the pump.
[0002] In general, the reciprocating pump of single plunger type generates a greater pulsation
of discharged fluid because of its discharge volume of zero upon suction stroke. In
order to avoid such pulsation of the discharged fluid, a pump for controlling the
total discharge volume to a constant volume has been proposed, in which two plungers
of the same dismeter are arranged in such a manner that the reciprocating phase of
each plunger is shifted by 1/2 cycle from each other. In such type of the pump, one
or two cams having a special curved face are used for providing a constant total volume
discharged by the plungers, as described hereinbefore, whereby the combined volume
discharged by pumping action of the two plungers may be theoretically free of pulsation.
An embodiment of such type of the pulsation-free reciprocating plunger pump is illustrated
in Figure 1, wherein the two plungers 10, 10 are reciprocated by means of the cam
driving for providing a combined volume discharged through pumping action of these
plungers. The pair of plungers 10, 10 are arranged in parallel, with which is engaged
a single rotary cam 12 having a cam surface at its one end. The cam surface is machined
so as to provide a curved surface for keeping the constant combined volume discharged
by the pumping action of the two plungers, which move along the periphery of the cam
surface. In Figure 1, each cross-head 14, 14 for transmitting a displacement of the
rotary cam 12 to each plunger 10, 10 is provided with each of cam followers 16, 16
which is pressed against the cam surface by each spring 18, 18 arranged around the
cross-head 14, 14. Further, the rotary cam 12 is provided at its center of opposite
surface with a rotary shaft 20 to form a cantilever structure. The plungers 10, 10
are inserted through gland seals 24, 24 into respective pump chambers 22, 22, from
which are derived discharge pipings 26, 26 which in turn are joined together at a
point A.
[0003] Thus, the pump as illustrated in Fig.l may obtain, from its constructional view points,
the pulsation-free property as shown in Fig.2 (a) and provide the pulsation-free combined
discharge volume. However, it is difficult to completely avoid the pulsation of the
combined discharge volume due to the following factors:
(1) A rounded portion must be provided at an inflexion point of the cam upon machining.
(2) Velocity characteristics of the cam or the plunger can be varied due to the machining
error of the cam.
(3) Accurate and strick machining and arrangement of the cam must be effected for
shifting the phase of two plungers in 1800 from each other.
(4) A slight back-flow occurs through a check valeve connected to a line leading to
the punp.
(5) A pumping liquid has its intrinsic compression.
(6) A pumping liquid contains air bubbles and particles.
[0004] As a measure for correcting the factors (4) and (5) listed hereinabove, which vary
rather regularly, the following two methods have been proposed: [I] A method in which
a velocity curve of cam is designed so as to increase a velocity of plunger only in
a given range of a beginning delivery stroke of the plunger, thereby to correct the
reduction of discharge volume due to the compression of liquid and the back-flow through
the valve. [II] A method in which discharging pressures are determined for several
strokes of the plunger to obtain an average valve, to which is approached a discharging
pressure of subsequent stroke.
[0005] However, the former method has such the disadvantages that the pulsation nevertheless
increases in a zone having a relative low discharging pressure because of less compression
or less back-flow of the liquid, and that the effect of reducing the pulsation through
correction decreases as the pressure applied by a corrected curve of the cam is deviated
from the pressure actually employed. On the other hand, the latter method has such
the disadvantage that the average discharging pressure determined for the several
strokes can not be followed up by the variation in the actual discharging pressure.
Furthermore, the methods I and II have a common disadvantage in that an irregular
pulsation incapable of being responded appears so that the variation in the actual
discharge volume depends largely on the cam characteristics.
[0006] Now it has been found out that the problems and disadvantages described hereinbefore
may be solved all at once by the arrangement in that a cam for driving two plungers
is connected to a driving motor, to which is in turn connected a rotation controlling
circuit, while a pressure detector is provided for detecting a pressure of combined
discharge volume and that a variable pressure signal in the pressure detector is fed
to the rotation controlling circuit as a corrected signal.
[0007] Accordingly, a general object of the invention is to provide a pulsation-free volumetric
pump which is simple in construction and may allow the stable and pulsation-free volumetric
pumping.
[0008] A principal object of the invention is to provide a pulsation-free reciprocating
volumetric pump in which two plungers are reciprocated by means of cam driving so
as to provide a combined discharge volume through pumping action of the plungers,
which is characterized in that the volumetric pump comprises two plungers, a cam for
driving said plungers, a driving motor connected to said cam, a circuit connected
to said driving motor for controlling a rotational rate, and another circuit for detecting
a pressure of said combined discharge volume and for correcting a control signal of
said rotation controlling circuit through the detected signal.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the circuit for controlling the rotational
rate may preferably comprises a circuit for setting the rotational rate, a main anplifier
and a tachogenerator for feeding back an output of the driving motor to the main amplifier.
[0010] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the circuit for correcting the
control signal of the rotation controlling circuit may comprises a pressure detector
connected to a piping which provides the combined discharge volume through pumping
action of the two plungers, a circuit for eliminating a direct current (DC) portion
from an output signal of the pressure detector, and an amplifying circuit wherein
a signal from the amplifying circuit being converted to a reverse phase and added
to a signal from the rotation setting circuit for correction.
[0011] Most preferably, the driving motor comprises a DC motor having a mechanical time
constant below 12 msec.
[0012] Now the invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to
the drawing which illustrate the preferable embodiments.
[0013] One way of carrying out the invention is described in detail below with reference
to drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments, in which:-
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration showing one embodiment of the pump structure
in the pulsation-free volumetric pump according do the invention,
Figure 2(a) to (c) show pulsation-free characteristic curves obtained by the pump
of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a diagram showing a controlling system for the pulsation-free volumetric
pump according to the invention,
Figures 4(a) to (c) show working characteristic curves obtained by the controlling
system of Figure 3.
[0014] Figure 3 illustrates a diagram of a controlling system for the pump according to
the invention, wherein the reference 30 shows a reciprocating plunger-type pump having
two plungers as shown, for example, in Figure 1. From two pumping chambers of the
plunger-type pump 30 are derived respective discharge pipings which are joined together
to form a piping 32, to which is connected a pressure detector 34. A signal generated
from the pressure detector 34 is fed back through a circuit 36 for eliminating a DC
component and an amplifying circuit 38 in order to control variation in a discharging
pressure. On the other hand, there is provided a driving motor 40 for driving a rotary
cam of the plunger-type pump 30, an output of which motor 40 is transmitted to the
rotary cam shaft optionally through a convenient gear 42. The driving motor 40 is
controlled for its rotational rate through a main amplifier 46, while the rotational
rate provided by the rotation setting circuit 44 is corrected by the signal from the
pressure detector 34. Further, to the driving motor 40 is connected a tachogenerator
48, an output of which is fed back to the main amplifier 46.
[0015] The working of the pump according to the invention will be described hereinbelow
with reference to the working characteristics, as shown in Figure 4.
[0016] When a somewhat pulsation appears in the working characteristics of the plunger-type
pump 30, an output signal as shown in Fig. 4(a) is obtained in the pressure detector
34. In this case, the resulting output signal is freed from a DC component by a circuit
36 for eliminating the latter, because only a variable or ripple portion is to be
treated, but not an absolute value. Then the signal after elimination of the DC component
is amplified by the amplifying circuit 38 to give a characteristic curve, as shown
in Fig. 4(b). The signal thus obtained is converted to a reverse phase, as shown in
Fig. 4(c) and added to a signal from the rotation setting circuit 44, thereafter fed
to the main amplifier 46 for obtaining an output, as shown in Fig. 4(d). Thus, if
the pressure detected by the detector 34 increases, then the rotational rate of the
driving motor 40 may be decreased. On the contrary, if the pressure detected by the
detector 34 decreases, then the rotational rate of the driving motor 40 may be increased.
In this way, in accordance with the invention, the variation in the discharging pressure
of the pump may be kept extremely low through detection of the discharging pressure
and thereby negative feed-back control of the rotational rate of the driving motor.
[0017] In order to control the pump according to the invention most effectively, the inertia
of each component should be kept as low as possible, and especially a response characteristic
of the driving motor 40 is most important. For this purpose, various experiments have
been carried out to find out that the pulsation may be readily reduced to much lower
level, for example one fifth or lower, in comparison with the conventional system
only based on the cam property, by use of a DC motor having a mechanical time constant
below 12 msec. When the mechanical time constant is higher than 15 msec., it has been
found out that the variation of the discharging pressure is difficult to be sufficiently
followed up and controlled, so that the reduction of pulsation could not be expected.
[0018] It will be appreciated from the embodiment described hereinbefore that the pump according
to the invention has such the advantages that the pulsation of the discharged fluid
from the pump may be corrected and controlled by means of the electrical means, thereby
allowing the. electrical correction of the ripple in the discharging pressure without
replacing the cam, and that the magnitude of pulsation may be suitably controlled
within the desired range, as shown in Fig. 2(c).
[0019] Although the invention has been described hereinabove with the reciprocating plunger-type
pump as shown in Fig. 1, it will be appreciated that the invention may be applied
widely and effectively to many other types of pulsation-free volumetric pumps.
[0020] The foregoing is descriptive of an embodiment of the pulsation-free volumetric pump,
and many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and
spirit of the invention.
[0021] Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully illustrate the invention
that others may, by applying the current or future knowledge, readily adapt the same
for use under various conditions of service.
1. A pulsation-free reciprocating volumetric pump in which two plungers (10,10) are
reciprocated by means of the cam (12) driving so as to provide a combined discharge
volume through pumping action of said plungers (10,10), characteized in that the volumetric
pump (30) comprises two plungers (10,10), a cam (12) for driving said plungers, a
driving motor (40) connected to said cam (12), a circuit (44,46,48) connected to said
driving motor (40) for controlling rotational rate, and another circuit (34,36,38)
for detecting a pressure of said combined discharge volume and for correcting a control
signal of said rotation controlling circuit (44,46,48) through the detected signal.
2. A pulsation-free reciprocating volumetric pump as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the
circuit for controlling the rotational rate comprises a circuit (44) for setting the
rotational rate, a main amplifier (46), and a tachogenerator (48) for feeding back
an output of said driving motor (40) to said main amplifier (46).
3. A pulsation-free reciprocating volumetric pump as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein
the circuit for correcting the control signal of said rotation controlling circuit
comprises a pressure detector (34) connected to a piping (32) which provides the combined
discharge volume through pumping action of said two plungers (10,10), a circuit (36)
for eliminating a direct current portion from the output signal of said pressure detector
(34), and an amplifying cirduit (38), a signal from said amplifying circuit (38) being
converted to a reverse phase and added to a signal from said rotation setting circuit
(44) for correction.
4. A pulsation-free reciprocating volumetric pump as claimed in any one of Claims
1 to 3, wherein the driving motor (40) comprises a direct current motor having a mechanical
time constant below 12 msec.