Improved water-in-oil emulsion explosives and a method for the preparation of the same

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to cap-sensitive water-in-oil explosives compositions. In particular, it relates to an improved water-in-oil emulsion explosives composition without containing any self-explosive ingredient and/or detonation catalyst and/or inorganic perchlorates and/or any sensitizer other than occluded gas hereinafter referred to as 'water-in-oil emulsion explosives composition'.

[0002] More particularly, the invention relates to explosive compositions having sensitivity to initiation by as low as No. 6 strength commercial detonator in diameters down to 20 mm at temperatures down to 0°C which can withstand a continuous hot storage at 50°C as well as a cycling temperature condition between -16°C and +50°C and a varying humidity condition for a prolonged storage period, thereby exhibiting distinct improvement in stability and sensitivity. These are therefore eminently suitable for widely varying tropical climate usage conditions both as permitted in underground coalmines and also as a general purpose explosive for small diameter as well as large diameter packaged and/or bulk applications.

[0003] Emulsion explosive compositions are recently gaining wide acceptance in the explosive industry in view of their inherent safety, ease of manufacture and handling. However, the compositions in the prior art suffer from inadequate sensitivity and stability under widely varying temperature and humidity conditions on prolonged storage. Until recently, water-in-oil emulsion explosives generally comprised blasting agents requiring boosters. In order to achieve gap-sensitivity, emulsion explosives have been prepared in the past by the addition of a self-explosive ingredient or a specific detonation catalyst such as alkali metal perchlorates.

[0004] Examples of these types of cap-sensitive emulsion explosives are described in the US Reissue Patent No. 28,060, US Patent No. 3,770,522 and US Patent No. 3,765,964. Recently, however, cap-sensitive water-in-oil emulsion explosive without containing any self-explosive ingredient or a detonation catalyst has been formulated by incorporating glass or plastic hollow microspheres as sensitiser. Such cap-sensitive water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions are described in detail in US-A-4,110,134.

[0005] US Patent No. 4,149,916 discloses that water-in-oil emulsion explosive can be prepared without the use of conventional high explosives, detonation catalysts or hollow microspheres (called 'micro-balloons') but having perchlorates and occluded air in the composition, while US Patent No. 4,149,917 claims that cap-sensitivity of the composition can be achieved without the use of any sensitiser other than occluded air. According to the said patent specification, the air is occluded within the explosive composition by means of a suitable mixing device such as that disclosed in US Patent No. 3,642,547 and the density of the product can be changed as desired by changing the flow rate of the gas stream entering the system. One inherent drawback of such blasting composition is that if the discharge density of the emulsions is not less than 1.0 g/ml these will not retain the sensitivity to a No. 6 strength detonator after ageing for as low as 24 hours which poses a serious limitation to the useful life and drastically restricts the use conditions.

[0006] In addition, while such compositions in the fresh conditions become more sensitive to detonation as the density decreases, other things being equal, they also lose bulk strength (available energy per unit volume) in proportion to the reduction in density, in the borehole.

[0007] Apparently, these tiny air bubbles present inside such emulsions act as hot spots or activator sites to promote detonation. The increase in the density due to the hydrostatic head invariably results in marked densensitisation of the explosive caused particularly after long storage. Various suggestions have been made in the prior art to compensate for decrease in sensitivity either through proportional gassing or by incorporation of inorganic perchlorate(s) as a component of the inorganic oxidiser salt portion of the emulsion explosives composition.

[0008] There are practical difficulties in the methods of such gassing and there are inherent hazards in the handling of perchlorate(s). Therefore, need was felt for water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions which are cap-sensitive without the use of involved gassing methods or without the addition of hazardous perchlorates in the composition, yet are characterised by good detonatability at low as well as high temperature and stability on prolonged storage. In addition to the need for the presence of fine gas/air bubbles in sufficient number and of right size to achieve such objective, close control of population of emulsion droplets and their distribution and size is found to be equally, if not more important. This has been partly achieved by using certain polymeric emulsifiers. Nevertheless, use of such polymer emulsifiers in water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions was found to exhibit a shelf life in the temperature range of 0°C to 50°C for a period of 6 months and cannot exhibit prolonged stability under low temperature cycling between -16°C to +50°C, thus posing a ceiling to the varying application conditions.

[0009] The object of the present invention is to overcome the aforesaid limitations and to enhance the stability of emulsion explosives both in terms of consistency and sensitivity.

[0010] US-A-3713919 and US-A-3923565 describe water-bearing blasting explosive compositions containing nitrogen-base salts, phenolic compounds and organo-sulphur compounds which may act as stabiliser in emulsion explosives.

[0011] The present invention provides an improved water-in-oil emulsion explosives composition which comprises (by weight) (i) 5 to 30% of water, (ii) 3 to 15% of a water-insoluble emulsifiable, liquid or liquefiable carbonaceous fuel, (iii) 20 to 80% of inorganic oxidiser salt such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, either singly or in combination of two or more of them, (iv) optionally 0.02 to 0.5% of a gassing agent such as sodium nitride or a nitroso compound such as N,N'-dinitroso penta-methylene tetramine (DNPT), (v) 0.5 to 4% of emulsifier, (vi) optionally water- and/or fuel-soluble thickening agent, flame quenching coolant and/or metallic/particulate fuel, and (vii) 0.02 to 2% of a stabiliser selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone; quinones such as benzoquinone, naphthaquinone and anthraquinone; unsubstituted and substituted aryl diazo compounds; unsubstituted and substituted aryl amines and salts thereof; unsubstituted and substituted quinolines; and mixtures of any two or more of said stabilisers.

[0012] Preferred aryl diazo compounds include compounds of the general formula

wherein Ar,, Ar₂ and Ar₃ are aryl groups such as phenyl or naphthyl and which may be the same or different, and X_i, X₂ and X₃ are hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkyl groups and may be the same or different. Examples of this class of compound which have been found to be especially effective in the present invention are the diazo dyes 1 - phenylazo - 2 - naphthol of the formula I of the accompanying drawings and 1 - [(4' - o - tolylazo) - o - tolylazo] - 2 - naphthol of formula II of the accompanying drawings.

[0013] Preferred aryl amines include the secondary amines of the general formula

wherein Ar, Ar₁ and Ar₂ are aryl groups which may be the same or different and X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkyl groups which may be the same or different. Examples of these compounds found to be especially effective in the present invention are N - phenyl - a - naphthylamine of formula III of the accompanying drawings and N - phenyl - B - naphthylamine of formula IV of the accompanying drawings and the condensation product of one mole of 1,4 - dichloroanthraquinone with two moles of p-toluidine having the formula V of the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Preferred quinolines include 2,2,4 - trimethyl - 1,2 - dihydroquinoline having the formula VI of the accompanying drawings and polymers thereof.

[0015] The stabilisers by themselves have a pronounced stabilising effect in water-in-oil emulsion explosive of the present invention. However, the stabilising efficiency as well as the long term shelf life is in some cases enhanced and supplemented when the stabiliser is used along with a hydrocolloid such as guar gum.

[0016] The carbonaceous fuel component of the emulsion explosive composition may include most hydrocarbons, for example, paraffinic, olefinic, naphthenic, aromatic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons including halogenated ones. In general, the carbonaceous fuel is a water-immiscible emulsifiable fuel which is either liquid or liquefiable at a temperature up to about 85°C and preferably below 65°C. It is preferable that the emulsion comprises from about 3 to about 10% by weight of fuel and that the fuel includes mineral/vegetable oils, waxes, aromatic/alicyclic hydrocarbons as such or in combination along with a suitable emulsifier or a blend of emulsifiers. Examples of suitable waxes include those derived from petroleum such as petroleum wax, micro-crystalline wax, paraffin wax and also various waxes of animals and insect origin. Examples of suitable oils include the various petroleum oils, vegetable oils, dinitrotoluenes, highly refined mineral oils and also synthetic mixtures of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

[0017] The emulsifier used is preferably an oil-soluble emulsifier(s) of low HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) value (less than 10) such as those derived from sorbitol by esterification, for example, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan sesqui-oleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan tristearate. Other useful emulsifiers include mono- and diglycerides of fat forming fatty acids, phospholipids such as lecithin, polymeric surfactants based on the condensation of hydroxy stearic acid and polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and 2 - (8 - heptadecenyl) - 4,4' - bis - (hydroxymethyl) - 2 - oxazoline. Suitable combinations of monomeric emulsifiers like sorbitan ester(s) and polymeric surfactants as stated above are preferred for the subject invention with respect to fineness and uniform droplet size of emulsions, large droplet population, good storage consistency and satisfactory sensitivity. Generally at least 0.5% emulsifier is added to form a good emulsion but larger amounts are preferred for stability. From a practical standpoint, however, based primarily on economics and for technical consideration of what is known as critical micelle concentration (CMC), usually not more than 4% emulsifier(s) is used. For most applications, the amount of emulsifier present in the composition is 1 to 2%-all the amounts being weight by weight basis. The emulsifier(s) optionally might contain certain crystal habit modifiers known in prior art, such as alkali metal salts of carboxy methyl cellulose, salts of long chain amines, and the condensation product of formaldehyde and naphthalene sulphonic acid.

[0018] The inorganic oxidiser salts will generally comprise ammonium nitrate, Ca(N0₃)₂, KN0₃ or NaNo₃ or mixtures thereof. The composition preferably contains 30% to 80% by weight ammonium nitrate, and when one or more other nitrate(s) stated above are present the amount of these preferably does not exceed 30% by weight.

[0019] Preferred 'gassing' agents include sodium nitrite or a nitrosoamine such as dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine (DNPT) conveniently in an amount suitable for achieving the density in the range of 1.0 to 1.20 g/cc. The concentration of the gassing agent preferably is in the range from 0.05 to 0.5%, the preferred concentration being about 0.2%.

[0020] Thickening agents optionally used for viscosity build-up of the emulsion of the invention and for its improved consistency include various natural gums, synthetic polymeric hydrocolloids like polyacrylamides or their derivatives compatible with the system. Of the natural gums, the most effective ones are guar gum, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, acacia gum, and karaya gum. The thickening agents are preferably present in low concentrations-usually between 0.05 to 1 %, the preferred concentration being about 0.4% (w/w) based on the total composition. Cross-linking agents for cross-linking guar gum as known in the prior art may be added in trace amounts and usually comprise salts of metals such as those of zinc, chromium or antimony. For controlled cross-linking, a cross-link delaying agent may be present optionally and usually this consists of tartaric acid or its salts. The immiscible continuous fuel phase of the composition can also be thickened, if desired, by use of a thickening agent(s) which functions in an organic liquid.

[0021] The improved water-in-oil emulsion explosives of the invention may be prepared by a method comprising the steps of premixing the water-soluble ingredients (other than the gassing agent) in water into a first premix and the oil-soluble ingredients in the carbonaceous fuel into a second premix, heating the aqueous premix till a clear solution is obtained, heating the second premix separately to approximately the same temperature to which the first premix is heated, blending the first and second premixes at the same temperature with stirring until a uniform mixture results, cooling down to 40°C or less, adding the gassing agent into the mixture, and stirring the final mixture till the gassing agent is uniformly dispersed.

[0022] Generally the carbonaceous fuel, thickening agent (if present) and emulsifier will be in the second premix and the stabilising agents may be incorporated in either of the premixes, oil phase or aqueous phase, depending on their compatibility. The first premix is generally heated to about 45 to 80°C depending on the fudge point of the salt solution until the salts are completely dissolved. The premixes may be blended in a conventional mixer and, when the emulsification starts, the mix is cooled with continuous stirring until the mixture is uniform and cooled down to around 40°C before adding the gassing agent. The emulsion explosive compositions thus formed may be either packaged or bulk loaded.

[0023] Thus, it is found that water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions of improved shelf-life can be made by employing the usual ingredients such as hydrocarbon fuels, water, inorganic nitrates, but without any detonation catalyst/self explosive/sensitisers, other than occluded gas, and incorporating therein certain stabiliser(s) as described above.

[0024] Emulsions may be prepared in accordance with the invention which exhibit good consistency, very fine (less than 10 micrometres) emulsion droplet size, uniform droplets distribution and sensitivity to initiation by a No. 6 commercial blasting cap down to 0°C at diameters down to 20 mm after being stored for more than six months. The conventional sensitisers utilised in compositions mentioned in the prior art that are not required in the subject invention include paint/flake grade-aluminium, carbon black, copper chloride, zinc chloride, high explosives, smokeless powder and the like.

[0025] The invention is further illustrated by the following Examples, Examples 1, 2 and 5 being comparative Examples not in accordance with the invention.

Examples

[0026] The compositions set forth in Tables 1 and 2 are prepared by mixing a premix of water-soluble ingredients in water with a second premix of the oil-soluble components with carbonaceous fuel(s) both premixes being at an elevated temperature (between 50°C and 85°C), the first premix being added to the second one with agitation. Once the emulsification takes place, the material is cooled progressively to achieve a good homogeneous consistency. Optional ingredients such as metallic fuel(s), additional inorganic oxidiser salts, coolants etc. are then added if required and finally the gassing agent is uniformly dispersed with the final mix to achieve improved water-in-oil emulsion explosives of the present invention.

[0027] The emulsifier is a mixture of 7 parts by weight of sorbitan mono-oleate, 7 parts by weight of soya lecithin and 3 parts by weight of polymeric surfactant based on poly-12-hydroxy stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.

[0028] The velocity of detonation quoted in the tables is that of a 25 mm diameter cartridge fired with a No. 6 detonator.

In the Examples detailed in Table 2

[0029] Stabilizer A is 1 - phenylazo - 2 - naphthol (Formula I).

[0030] Stabilizer B is 1 - [(4' - o - tolylazo) - o - tolylazo] - 2 - naphthol (Formula II).

[0031] Stabilizer C is N - phenyl - a - naphthylamine (Formula III).

[0032] Stabilizer D is N - phenyl - β - naphthylamine (Formula IV).

[0033] Stabilizer E is the condensation product of one mole of 1,4-dichloroanthraquinone with two moles of p-toluidine, (1,4 - bis - (p - toluidine)anthraquinone) (Formula V).

[0034] Stabilizer F is a polymer of 2,2,4 - trimethyl - 1,2 - dihydroquinoline (Formula VI).

[0035] All the Examples containing stabilising agent show improved stability. Examples 3 and 4 using a combination of the stabilising agent and guar gum and Examples 6 to 12 which included different stabilizer but no thickener showed satisfactory cap-sensitivity and stability after 6 months of hot/dry ambient storage and also under temperature cycling conditions they remained stable even after 32 cycles.

[0036] The above Examples illustrate that cap-sensitive explosives of the water-in-oil emulsion type having a reasonably high velocity of detonation, containing no self explosive/detonation catalyst other than occluded gas, can be made in accordance with the invention. The explosive compositions disclosed herein are sensitive to initiation by at least a No. 6 strength commercial detonator/blasting cap and are suitable for small and large diameter application as well as for bulk loading operations in large diameter boreholes and could also be used as 'boosters' for initiating less sensitive commercial blasting explosives such as booster sensitive water-gel slurries and Ammonium Nitrate-Fuel Oil (ANFO) mixtures.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many other modifications, substitutions, combinations and sub-combinations of ingredients and procedures are possible within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An improved water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition which comprises

(i) 5 to 30% by weight of water;

(ii) 3 to 15% by weight of a water-insoluble, emulsifiable, liquid or liquefiable carbonaceous fuel; (iii) 20 to 80% by weight of inorganic oxidiser salt;

(iv) optionally 0.02 to 0.5% by weight of gassing agent;

(v) 0.5 to 4% by weight of emulsifier; and

(vi) optionally, water- and/or fuel-soluble thickening agent, flame-quenching coolant and/or metallic particulate fuel characterised in that the composition also contains;

(vii) 0.02 to 2% by weight of a stabiliser selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone; quinones; unsubstituted and substituted aryl diazo compounds; unsubstituted and substituted aryl amines and salts thereof; unsubstituted and substituted quinolines; and mixtures of any two or more of said stabilisers.

2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the stabiliser is selected from the group consisting of aryl diazo compounds of the general formula

wherein Ar_l, Ar₂ and Ar₃ are aryl groups which may be the same or different, and X_ll X₂ and X₃ are hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkyl groups and may be the same or different; secondary aryl amines and diamines of the general formula

wherein Ar, Ar_i and Ar₂ are aryl groups which may be the same or different and X, and X₂ are hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkyl groups which may be the same or different; and mixtures of any two or more of said stabilisers.

3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the stabiliser is selected from the group consisting of benzoquinone; naphthaquinone; anthraquinone; 1 - phenylazo - 2 - naphthol; 1 - [(4' - o - tolylazo) - o - tolylazo] - 2 - naphthol; N - phenyl - a - naphthylamine; N - phenyl - β - naphthylamine; the condensation products of one mole of 1,4 - dichloroanthraquinone with two moles of p-toluidine; 2,2,4 - trimethyl - 1,2 - dihydroquinoline and polymers thereof; and mixtures of any two or more of said stabilisers.

4. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 inclusive which contains 0.05 to 1 % by weight of thickening agent selected from the group consisting of natural gums and synthetic polymeric hydrocolloids.

5. A composition as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of guar, karaya, acacia, arabic and tragacanth gums and polyacrylamide and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

6. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 inclusive wherein the carbonaceous fuel is selected from the group consisting of petroleum oils, vegetable oils, refined mineral oils, dinitrotoluenes and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

7. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 inclusive wherein the gassing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrite and N,N'-dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine (DNPT).

8. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 inclusive wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan mono-laurate, sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan sesqui-oleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, mono- and diglycerides of fat forming fatty acids, soya lecithin, condensation products of hydroxy stearic acid and polyethylene glycol, and 2 - (8 - heptadecenyl) - 4,4' - bis - (hydroxymethyl) - 2 - oxazoline.

9. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8 inclusive wherein the oxidiser salt comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

Ansprüche

1. Verbesserte Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsions-Sprengstoffmischung, die

(i) 5 bis 30 Masse% Wasser;

(ii) 3 bis 15 Masse% eines wasserunlöslichen, emulgierbaren, flüssigen oder verflüssigbaren, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffs;

(iii) 20 bis 80 Masse% anorganisches Sauerstoffträgersalz;

(iv) gegebenenfalls 0,02 bis 0,5 Masse% eines Gasentwicklungsmittels;

(v) 0,5 bis 4 Masse% Emulgator und

(vi) gegebenenfalls wasser- und/oder brennstofflösliches Verdickungsmittel, flammenabschrekkendes Kühlmittel und/oder metallischen teilchenförmigen Brennstoff enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mischung auch

(vii) 0,02 bis 2 Masse% eines Stabilisators enthält, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Hydrochinon; Chinonen; unsubstituierten und substituierten Aryldiazoverbindungen; unsubstituierten und substituierten Arylaminen und Salzen davon; unsubstituierten und substituierten Chinolinen und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr der erwähnten Stabilisatoren besteht.

2. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, in der der Stabilisator aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Aryldiazoverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel

worin Ar₁, Ar₂ und Ar₃ Arylgruppen sind, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, und X_i, X₂ und X₃ Wasserstoff, Hydroxyl- oder Alkylgruppen sind und gleich oder verschieden sein können; sekundären Arylaminen und -diaminen der allgemeinen Formel

worin Ar, Ar₁ und Ar₂ Arylgruppen sind, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, und X₁ und X₂ Wasserstoff, Hydroxyl- oder Alkylgruppen sind, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr der erwähnten Stabilisatoren besteht.

3. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, in der der Stabilisator aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus; Benzochinon; Naphthochinon; Anthrachinon; 1 - Phenylazo - 2 - naphthol; 1 - [(4' - o - Tolylazo) - o - tolylazo] - 2 - naphthol; N - Phenyl - a - naphthylamin; N - Phenyl - β - naphthylamin; den Kondensationsprodukten von einem Mol 1,4 - Dichloranthrachinon mit zwei Mol p-Toluidin; 2,2,4 - Trimethyl - -1,2 - dihydrochinolin und Polymeren davon und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr der erwähnten Stabilisatoren besteht.

4. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 einschließlich, die 0,05 bis 1 Masse% Verdickungsmittel enthält, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Naturgummis und synthetischen polymeren Hydrokolloiden besteht.

5. Mischung nach Anspruch 4, in der das Verdickungsmittel aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Guargummi, Karayagummi, Akaziengummi, Gummiarabicum und Tragantgummi und Polyacrylamid und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr davon besteht.

6. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 einschließlich, in der der kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoff aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Olen auf Erdölbasis, Pflanzenölen, raffinierten Mineralölen, Dinitrotoluolen und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr davon besteht.

7. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 einschließlich, in der das Gasentwicklungsmittel aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Natriumnitrit und N,N' - Dinitrosopentamethylentetramin (DNPT) besteht.

8. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 einschließlich, in der der Emulgator aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Sorbitanmonolaurat, Sorbitanmonooleat, Sorbitansesquioleat, Sorbitantrioleat, Sorbitanmonostearat, Sorbitantristearat, Mono- und Diglyceriden, fettbildender Fettsäuren, Sojalecithin, Kondensationsprodukten von Hydroxystearinsäure und Polyethylengkylol und 2 - (8 - Heptadecenyl) - 4,4' - bis(hydroxymethyl) - 2 - oxazolin besteht.

9. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 einschließlich, in der das Sauerstoffträgersalz ein Salz enthält, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Ammoniumnitrat, Calciumnitrat, Natriumnitrat, Kaliumnitrat und Mischungen von irgendwelchen zweien oder mehr davon besteht.

Revendications

1. Composition explosive an émulsion eau-dans-huile améliorée, qui comprend:

(i) 5 à 30% en poids d'eau;

(ii) 3 à 15% en poids d'un combustible carboné liquide ou liquéfiable émulsionnable insoluble dans l'eau; (iii) 20 à 80% en poids de sel oxydant inorganique;

(iv) éventuellement 0,02 à 0,5% en poids d'agent générateur de gaz;

(v) 0,5 à 4% en poids d'émulsionnant, et

(vi) éventuellement un agent épaississant soluble dans l'eau et/ou le combustible, un agent refroidissant la flamme et/ou un combustible métallique particulaire; caractérisée en ce que la composition contient aussi

(vii) 0,02 à 2% en poids d'un stabilisant choisi dans la classe consistant en l'hydroquinone; les quinones; les composés diazoïques aryliques non substitués et substitués; les arylamines non substituées et substituées et leurs sels; les quinoléines non substituées et substituées; et les mélanges de deux quelconques ou davantage de ces stabilisants.

2. Composition suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle le stabilisant est choisi dans la classe consistant en les composés diazoïques aryliques de formule générale:

où Ar,, Ar₂ et Ar₃ sont des radicaux aryle qui peuvent être identiques ou différentes et X₁, X₂ et X₃ sont des atomes d'hydrogène ou radicaux hydroxyle ou alcoyle qui peuvent être identiques ou différents, les arylamines secondaires et diamines de formule générale:

où Ar, Ar₁ et Ar₂ sont des radicaux aryle qui peuvent être identiques ou différentes et X₁ et X₂ sont des atomes d'hydrogène ou radicaux hydroxyle ou alcoyle qui peuvent être identiques ou différents; et les mélanges de deux quelconques ou davantage de ces stabilisants.

3. Composition suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle le stabilisant est choisi dans la classe consistant en la benzoquinone, la naphtoquinone, l'anthraquinone, le 1 - phénylazo - 2 - naphtol, le 1 - [(4' - o - tolylazo) - o - totytazo] - 2 - naphtol, la N - phényl - a - naphtylamine, la N - phényl - (3 - naphtylamine, les produits de condensation de 1 mole de 1,4 - dichloroanthraquinone avec 2 moles de p-toluidine, la 2,2,4 - triméthyl - 1,2 - dihydroquinoléine et ses polymères, et les mélanges de deux quelconques ou davantage de ces stabilisants.

4. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 inclusivement, qui contient 0,05 à 1% en poids d'un agent épaississant choisi dans la classe consistant en les gommes naturelles et les hydrocolloïdes polymères synthétiques.

5. Composition suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle l'agent épaississant est choisi dans la classe consistant en les gommes de guar, karaya, d'acacia, arabique et adragante et le polyacrylamide, et les mélanges de deux quelconques et davantage de ceux-ci.

6. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 inclusivement, dans laquelle le combustible carboné est choisi dans la classe consistant en les huiles de pétrole, les huiles végétales, les huiles minérales raffinées, les dinitrotoluènes et les mélanges de deux quelconques ou davantage de ceux-ci.

7. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 inclusivement, dans laquelle l'agent générateur de gaz est choisi dans la classe consistant en le nitrite de sodium et la N,N' - dinitrosopenta- méthylène tétramine (DNPT).

8. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 inclusivement, dans laquelle l'émulsionnant est choisi dans la classe consistant en le monolaurate de sorbitan, le mooléate de sorbitan, le sesquioléate de sorbitan, le trioléate de sorbitan, le monostéarate de sorbitan, le tristéarate de sorbitan, les mono- et diglycérides d'acides gras formant les graisses, la lécithine de soya, les produits de condensation de l'acide hydroxystéarique et du polyéthylèneglycol et la 2 - (8 - heptadécényl) - 4,4' - bis(hydroxyméthyl) - 2 - oxazoline.

9. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 inclusivement, dans laquelle le sel oxydant comprend un sel choisi dans la classe consistant en le nitrate d'ammonium, le nitrate de calcium, le nitrate de sodium, le nitrate de potassium et les mélanges de deux quelconques ou davantage de ceux-ci.

Drawing