[0001] The present invention relates to a method of driving the head of an on-demand ink
jet printer and to a driving circuit.
[0002] A cross-sectional view of an ink jet printer head is shown in FIG. 4. A piezoelectric
element 3 is provided at the rear wall of an ink chamber 4 and is inwardly deformable
when a voltage is applied thereto, whereby pressure increase is caused in the ink
chamber 4. Ink contained in the ink chamber 4 is thus ejected as an ink jet 6 from
a nozzle 5.
[0003] Heretofore, a voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 3 has such a waveform
as shown in FIG. 1A. To actuate the piezoelectric element 3, the voltage applied thereto
is increased relatively gradually at a constant rate. After being reached a peak level,
the voltage is lowered to a non-driving voltage level relatively quickly to restore
the piezoelectric element 3 to the original state and to thus decrease the pressure
in the ink chamber 4. With the decreasing pressure in the ink chamber 4, ink ejecting
force is no longer applied to the ink but a mass of the ink which has been applied
with the force is about to leave from the nozzle 5 due to its inertia and is finally
ejected from the nozzle 5 to produce an ink droplet. At the same time, ink is supplemented
into the ink chamber 4 from an ink tank (not shown) through an ink supply channel
7.
[0004] With the use of the voltage waveform shown in FIG. 1A, the moving speed of the ink
staying at the nozzle 5 changes as shown in FIG. 1B. When the voltage applied to the
piezoelectric element 3 changes from the peak level to the non-driving level, the
moving speed of the ink in the nozzle 5 is not abruptly zeroed due to inertia of the
ink within the ink chamber 4 and the ink nozzle 5, as indicated by the inclined down-going
line in Fig. 1B. As a result, ink separation is not well achieved at the time of ink
ejection, thereby causing to produce a satellite. The satellite refers to a small
amount of ink separated from the ejected ink droplet during its flight time.
[0005] After an elapse of a brief period of time from the application of a braking force
to the ink, ink ejection is stopped and ink is supplemented into the ink chamber 4
through the ink supply channel 7 owing to a suction force caused by the restoration
of the piezoelectric element 3. At this time, the suction force is also applied to
the ink staying in the nozzle 5 which is balanced with the surface tension of the
ink at the outlet of the nozzle 5 and the suction force applied to the ink. If the
suction force is greater than the ink surface tension, the ink in the nozzle 5 goes
back to the ink chamber 4 and air may eventually be introduced into the ink. If printing
is performed with a bubble contained ink, the print quality will be greatly degraded.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of driving
an ink jet printer head having an ink chamber, a nozzle and a piezoelectric element
deformable when a driving voltage is applied thereto to eject a droplet of ink from
the nozzle, the method comprising the steps of:
applying a first voltage to the piezoelectric element to cause ink to be moved
in the nozzle in a first direction for ejecting an ink droplet from the nozzle;
applying a second voltage to the piezoelectric element to stop movement of the
ink in said first direction; and
applying a third voltage to the piezoelectric element to prevent movement of the
ink in a second direction opposite to said first direction.
[0007] There is thus provided a method of driving an ink jet printer head wherein a satellite
of ink droplet may be prevented from being generated and the reverse flow of the ink
from a nozzle to an ink chamber may be prevented.
[0008] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a circuit
for driving an ink jet printer head by applying a driving voltage to a piezoelectric
element associated with the head to eject an ink droplet from a nozzle of the printer
head, the circuit comprising means for adding together a plurality of voltage waveforms
to produce a driving voltage waveform for substantially stopping movement of ink in
the nozzle after ejection of an ink droplet.
[0009] In the driving method hereinafter described a first voltage is firstly applied to
the piezoelectric element for causing the ink to be moved in the nozzle in a first
direction so that the ink droplet is ejected from the nozzle. A second voltage is
subsequently applied to the piezoelectric element for causing the first directional
movement of the in to be abruptly stopped. Thereafter, a third voltage is applied
to the piezoelectric element so that the ink does not move in a second direction opposite
the first direction. The first voltage changes from a non-driving voltage to a peak
voltage (level
b in Fig. 2A) at a first rate. The non-driving voltage is defined by a voltage with
which the piezoelectric element is not deformed. The application of the second voltage
to the piezoelectric element momentarily reduces an internal pressure of the ink chamber,
and the second voltage is determined so that a total momentum of the ink in both the
ink chamber and the nozzle owing to the application of the first voltage is substantially
zeroed. The third voltage changes from a near peak level (level
d in Fig. 2A) to the non-driving voltage at a second rate smoother than the first rate.
The second voltage momentarily applied to the piezoelectric element after the voltage
has reached the peak level, whereby inertia of both the piezoelectric element and
the ink in the ink chamber is quickly canceled to abruptly stop the flow of ink within
the nozzle and the ink ejection at the outlet of the nozzle. By doing so, generation
of ink satellites is prevented. Thereafter, the third voltage is applied to the piezoelectric
element which changes at a smother rate than the first voltage so that the deformation
of the piezoelectric element is not quickly restored. Further, introduction of air
into the ink tank through the nozzle is prevented by maintaining a balance of the
ink surface tension at the outlet of the nozzle and air sucking force caused by the
reduced internal pressure of the ink tank.
[0010] The particular features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from
the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a graphical representation showing a waveform of a voltage used for driving
a conventional ink jet printer head;
FIG. 1B is a graphical representation showing a moving speed of an ink in a nozzle
according to a conventional printer;
FIG. 2A is a graphical representation showing a waveform of a voltage used for driving
an ink jet printer head according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2B is a graphical representation showing a moving speed of an ink in a nozzle
according to the printer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit for generating a driving voltage waveform;
and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the head portion of an ink jet printer.
[0011] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference
to the accompanying drawings. A mechanism for ejecting ink droplets according to the
present invention is identical to the conventional mechanism shown in FIG. 4, thus
the same figure will be used in the following description.
[0012] A driving voltage waveform to be used in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2A. As
shown, in accordance with the present invention, a braking voltage indicated by line
b-c is momentarily applied to the piezoelectric element 3 after the voltage has reached
a peak level. By the application of the braking voltage, inertia of both the piezoelectric
element 3 and the ink contained in the ink chamber 4 is canceled and the flow of ink
in the nozzle 5 and the ink ejection at the outlet of the nozzle 5 are abruptly stopped.
By doing so, generation of satellites is prevented. Thereafter, the voltage applied
to the piezoelectric element 3 is changed to a level
d which is on the line b-d and is then smoothly changed to the non-driving voltage
level as indicated by line d-e, whereby the deformation of the piezoelectric element
3 is not quickly restored. Further, introduction of air into the ink is prevented
by maintaining a balance between the ink surface tension at the outlet of the nozzle
5 and a suction force applied to the ink.
[0013] In order to abruptly stop the flow of ink within a possible minimum time, it is necessary
to zero a total momentum M of the ink in both the ink chamber 4 and the nozzle 5 at
the time when the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 3 is at the level
b. The voltage change from the level
b to
c and then from the level
c to
d momentarily reduces the internal pressure of the ink chamber 4. Assuming that an
average force for reducing the speed of the ink owing to the momentary reduction of
the pressure in the ink chamber 4 is F and that a time from the point
b to
c is τ, then F and τ may be determined so that the relation of Fτ = M is met to stop
the flow of the ink. It is desirable that τ be selected as small as possible to abruptly
stop the flow of ink.
[0014] Description will next be made with respect to an ink ejection process when the piezoelectric
element 3 is driven with the voltage waveform described above. When the driving voltage
changes from level a to level b, the ink speed in the nozzle 5 increases from u to
v as shown in FIG. 2B and the ink is finally ejected from the nozzle 5. By the application
of the braking voltage as indicated by the line b-c-d in FIG. 2A, the ink ejection
speed is abruptly changed from v to w. However, the reverse flow of the ink staying
at the nozzle 5 does not occur. Thereafter, by smoothly changing the driving voltage
from level
d to the non-driving voltage level
e, the reverse flow of the ink in the nozzle 5 does not occur due to the ink surface
tension in the outlet portion of the nozzle 5.
[0015] An addition circuit 12 for generating the driving voltage is shown in FIG. 3. By
applying a basic saw-tooth pulse 10 and another saw-tooth pulses of opposite polarity
to inputs of the addition circuit 12, the driving voltage waveform as shown in FIG.
2A is output from the circuit 12.
[0016] As can be understood from the above description, driving method of the head of the
ink jet printer according to this embodiment prevents the generation of satellites
as well as introduction of air into the ink caused by the reverse flow of the ink
staying at the nozzle 5.
1. A method of driving an ink jet printer head having an ink chamber (4), a nozzle (5)
and a piezoelectric element (3) deformable when a driving voltage is applied thereto
to eject a droplet of ink (6) from the nozzle, the method comprising the steps of:
applying a first voltage to the piezoelectric element to cause ink to be moved
in the nozzle in a first direction for ejecting an ink droplet from the nozzle;
applying a second voltage to the piezoelectric element to stop movement of the
ink in said first direction; and
applying a third voltage to the piezoelectric element to prevent movement of the
ink in a second direction opposite to said first direction.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first voltage comprises a change in voltage
from a non-driving voltage to a peak voltage at a first rate of change, said non-driving
voltage being a voltage at which the piezoelectric element is not deformed.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the third voltage comprises a change in voltage
from a voltage level near to the level of said peak voltage to said non-driving voltage.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rate of voltage change of said third voltage
is smaller than the first rate of change.
5. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the application of the
second voltage to the piezoelectric element (3) momentarily reduces an internal pressure
of the ink chamber (4) to abruptly stop movement of the ink in said first direction.
6. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the second voltage is
selected to counteract the total momentum of the ink in both the ink chamber (4) and
the nozzle (5) arising from the application of the first voltage to the piezoelectric
element (3).
7. A circuit for driving an ink jet printer head by applying a driving voltage to a piezoelectric
element (3) associated with the head to eject an ink droplet (6) from a nozzle (5)
of the printer head, the circuit comprising means (12) for adding together a plurality
of voltage waveforms (10, 11) to produce a driving voltage waveform (13) for substantially
stopping movement of ink in the nozzle after ejection of an ink droplet.
8. A circuit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the adding means (12) are arranged to receive
and add together two non-identical saw-tooth pulses (10, 11) of opposite polarity.
9. An ink jet printer head including a circuit (12) as claimed in claim 7.
10. An ink jet printer including an ink jet printer head as claimed in claim 9.