[0001] The present invention relates to general-purpose cleaning compositions with improved
properties. More particularly, it relates to general-purpose cleaning compositions
which have a sanitizing effect and a streak-free cleaning benefit.
[0002] General-purpose cleaning compositions are compositions which are intended for use
in the cleaning of hard surfaces, such as tiles, walls, floors, kitchen furniture,
glass, plastic/covered doors, etc. Such general-purpose cleaning compositions are
well known in the art and have found substantial commercial use.
[0003] These compositions are usually provided in the form of a particulate composition,
from which the user prepares an aqueous solution, or in the form of a liquid composition
which contains a suitable solvent, such as water, or a mixture of these. These liquids
can be applied either neat for the removal of stubborn stains, or in the form of a
more diluted solution for large surface area cleaning.
[0004] However, despite the fact that many of such general-purpose cleaning compositions
often satisfactorily remove soil and dirt from hard surfaces, they often leave behind
residues once the solvent medium has evaporated during the drying of the cleaned surface.
The surface presents residues, visible as dull streaks, instead of the bright, shining
surface that the consumer wants to see.
[0005] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide general-purpose cleaning
compositions with a "streak-free" cleaning benefit, i.e. after cleaning a hard surface
with such a cleaning composition, the hard surface, when dry, does not show a residue
in the form of visible, dull streaks to any significant degree.
[0006] For brevity's sake, such a cleaning composition will hereafter be called a streak-free,
general-purpose cleaning composition, "streak-free" being understood as described
hereabove.
[0007] Frequently, an important aspect of general-purpose cleaners is that they should not
only satisfactorily clean hard surfaces, but also sanitize the hard surfaces to render
them hygienic. This has been recognized in the art, and many proposals concerning
such cleaning compositions, often referred to as detergent sanitizers, have been made
(see e.g. "Surface Active Ethylene Oxide Adducts" by N.Schonfeldt, Pergamon Press,
1969, pages 439-441). Such compositions are mainly based on a mixture of nonionic
and cationic detergent surfactants although cationic alone can be used.
[0008] A disadvantage of such detergent sanitizers based on a mixture of nonionic and cationic
detergent surfactants is that they frequently give rise to streak formation on the
surface when dry, which, as explained above, is unattractive to the consumer.
[0009] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a general-purpose cleaner
having a sanitizing effect, containing a mixture of a nonionic and a non-anionic detergent
surfactant, which also provides a streak-free cleaning benefit.
[0010] In our European Patent 0 066 342, published on 30 December 1986, we have described
and claimed a streak-free, general purpose cleaning composition comprising a nonionic
detergent surfactant and an at least partially alcohol-esterified resin. However,
the inclusion of such partially esterified resins in a composition which also contains
a cationic detergent surfactant does not provide a streak-free benefit, but can rather
give rise to worse streak formation.
[0011] EP-A-197649 discloses aqueous liquid cleansing compositions containing 8% to 50%
of a primary surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric
surfactants, from 0.1% to 6% of a nonionic surfactant and from 0.1% to 2% of a water-soluble
polymeric thickening agent. The document is concerned primarily with cleansers for
cleaning skin, although it states that it is not limited to that application. In its
examples the primary surfactant is anionic.
[0012] We have now surprisingly found that the inclusion of a non-anionic polymer in general
purpose cleaners which contain a mixture of a nonionic and a cationic detergent surfactant
significantly reduces streak formation and can also provide an improved cleaning benefit.
[0013] This invention accordingly provides a general purpose cleaning composition comprising:
(a) 0.1 to 30% by weight of a nonionic surfactant;
(b) 0.005 to 5% by weight of a cationic detergent surfactant which has a sanitising
action;
(c) 0.003 to 20% by weight of a non-anionic polymer which has an adsorptive affinity
to hard surfaces.
[0014] The nonionic detergent surfactant used in the present invention can be any suitable
type of nonionic detergent known. Basically, nonionic detergent surfactants consist
of a hydrophobic moiety, such as a C
a-C
20 fatty acid amide, and a hydrophilic moiety which consists of alkylene oxide units.
These nonionic detergent surfactants are, for instance, alkoxylation products of the
above hydrophobic moieties containing from 2 to 30 moles of alkylene oxide. As alkylene
oxides, ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides and mixtures thereof are used.
[0015] Typical examples of such nonionic detergents are C9-C11 primary, straight chain alcohols
condensed with from 4-9 moles of ethylene oxide, C
12-Cl5 primary straight chain alcohols condensed with 6-12 moles of ethylene oxide,
or with 7-9 moles of a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, C
11-C
15 secondary alcohols condensed with from 3-15 moles of ethylene oxide, and C
10-C
18 fatty acid diethanolamides. Further examples of nonionic detergent surfactants may
be found in M.Schick's textbook "Nonionic Surfactants", M.Dekker Inc., New York, 1967.
Mixtures of various nonionic surfactants may also be used. Tertiary amine oxides,
such as higher alkyl di(lower alkyl) amine oxides, e.g. lauryl dihydroxyethyl amine
oxide, may also be used as a suitable nonionic surfactant.
[0016] Nonionic detergent surfactants known in the art as "topped" or "peaked" nonionic
detergent surfactants are also useful in the present invention. Topped nonionic detergent
surfactants can be made by subjecting the usual nonionic detergent surfactant to a
steam distillation treatment, by which the free and low alkoxylated alcohol can be
removed, and peaked nonionic detergent surfactants can be made by carrying out the
alkoxylation with special catalysts, which results in products with a much sharper
peak in the alkoxylate distribution. Topped nonionic detergent surfactants are e.g.
described in US Patent Specification 3 682 849.
[0017] Topped or peaked nonionic detergent surfactants suitable for the present invention
contain an average number of alkylene oxide units of between 3 and 15, preferably
between 4 and 12, per molecule of the hydrophobic moiety, i.e. a C
6-C
18 primary or secondary, straight or branched chain alcohol, and preferably contain
less than 2% by weight of non-alkoxylated alcohol, and less than 4% by weight of mono-alkoxylated
alcohol. Particularly suitable are nonionic detergent surfactants with these specifications
and prepared from C
11-C
15 linear primary alcohols condensed with 7-11 moles of ethylene oxide, C
9-C
11 oxo-alcohols condensed with 5 moles of ethylene oxide, and C
6-C
10 o linear primary alcohols condensed with 4-5 moles of ethylene oxide.
[0018] For optimum detergency, the shorter alkyl chain length nonionic surfactants are preferred,
particularly when the degree of alkoxylation is relatively low. Thus, the alkoxylated
C
9-C
11 alcohols are preferred to the correspondingly alkoxylated C, 2-C,
5 alcohols, and the C
9-C
11 alcohols condensed with 5 moles of ethylene oxide are preferred to the same alcohols
but condensed with 8 moles of ethylene oxide.
[0019] In general, when dissolved in water, the HLB-value of the nonionic surfactant or
mixture of nonionic surfactants should lie between 10 and 15. Nonionic surfactants
with an HLB-value of below 11 are generally not soluble in water to any appreciable
extent without another active detergent present, but it is possible to dissolve higher
levels of such low HLB-nonionic surfactants in mixtures of water and an organic solvent.
[0020] For optimum streak-free results, the nonionic surfactant should preferably provide
a cloud point of the aqueous solution of the final composition above the temperature
of normal use of the diluted solution.
[0021] This can be achieved by a proper choice of the type of nonionic surfactant or mixtures
of various nonionic surfactants or by the co-use of another detergent surfactant,
such as an anionic or amphoteric surfactant.
[0022] From 0.1 to 30% by weight with respect to the final composition of one or more nonionic
surfactants will be present in the final composition. Usually, it has been found that
at least 1% should be present to obtain an improved cleaning effect as well as reduced
streaking. Preferably therefore, the amount of nonionic detergent surfactant will
range from 1% to 30%, and especially preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of the final
composition.
[0023] The cationic detergent surfactant to be used in the present invention can be any
cationic detergent surfactant with a sanitizing action well known in the art. Examples
of such cationic detergent surfactants are the quaternary ammonium compounds, such
as the mono- long chain alkyl tri- short chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salts; mono-long
chain alkyl imidazolinium compounds; substituted long chain alkyl polyamine salts;
alkyl pyridinium salts and so on. Further suitable examples can be found in Schwartz,
Perry and Berch, Vol.lI (1958), "Surface-active Agents and Detergents" under the heading
"Cationic Surface Active Agents".
[0024] Specific examples of suitable cationic detergent surfactants are the long chain (C
8 and higher) alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (e.g. the commercial product Dodigen
ex American Hoechst Corp.), the alkyl (C
12 and higher) trimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyl pyridinium chloride, alkyl (C12-C,
6) trimethylammonium bromide, di-isobutyl-phenoxy- ethoxyethyl dimethylbenzylammonium
chloride. Quaternary phosphonium and sulphonium compounds can also be used. These
examples are, however, not limiting the scope of the invention; other detergent surfactants
with a sanitizing action can be suitably used.
[0025] In general, the amount of cationic detergent surfactant used in the present invention
ranges from 0.005 to 50%, usually from 0.1 to 15%, and preferably from 0.25 to 5%
by weight.
[0026] The non-anionic polymer to be used in the present invention should have an adsorptive
affinity to the hard surface and should be hydrophilic. Preferably, it should bear
a positive charge on its molecular structure (either as such or under the conditions
of use), and consequently cationic polymers are clearly preferred to nonionic polymers.
[0027] Suitable cationic polymers for use in the present invention are those which adsorb
on to the hard surface at least as quickly as, and preferably, more quickly than,
the cationic detergent surfactant.
[0028] Typical examples of such cationic polymers are Busan 77 (ex Buckman) which is a poly[oxyethylene
(dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride] with a polymerization
degree of about 20, Busan 79 (ex Buckman) which is a poly [hydroxy-ethylene (dimethyliminio)
ethylene (dimethyliminio) methylene dichloride], Busan 1055 (ex Buckman) which is
a poly[2-hydroxyethylenedimethyliminio-2-hydroxypropylenedimethyliminio methylene)
dichloride and structurally related cationic polymers such as 4/polyethylene glycol
lonene bromides where the molecular weights of the PEG portion are 6000 and 1500 respectively,
Zetag 57 and Zetag 87 which are high molecular weight cationic acylamides ex Allied
Colloids, Merquat 100 which is a polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride ex Merck, Mirapol
A15 which is a poly[N-(3-dimethylammonio)propyl[-N [3-(ethyl-eneoxyethylene dimethylammonio)propyl]
urea dichloride with a polymerisation degree of about 6 and homopolymer 78-4396 ex
National Starch which is poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride).
[0029] Particularly preferred cationic polymers for use in the present invention are Busan
77 (ex Buckman) Merquat 100 (ex Merck) and Mirapol A15 (ex Miranol).
[0030] Examples of suitable nonionic polymers are Jaguar HP 8 and HP60 (ex Meyhall), which
are nonionic substituted hydroxypropyl guar gums, and polyvinylpyrrolidones and poly(2-vinylpyridines)
which are especially suitable for very low pH compositions. However, as said above,
the cationic polymers are clearly preferred to the nonionic polymers.
[0031] It has been found that contact angle measurements may provide a guide as to the suitability
of non-anionic polymers for use in the composition. In particular low contact angles
are an indication of suitability. The contact angle is measured as the receding angle
of a drop of water (approximately 0.4cm
3 forced to spread by tilting movements on a horizontal black ceramic tile which has
been previously treated with a formulation comprising 1.5% C
8-C
18 alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, 1.2% C11 alkyl polyoxyethylene (3EO), 0.6%
C
a-C
n linear alcohol condensed with 5 moles of ethylene oxide and 0.8% by weight of the
non-anionic polymer, and then allowed to dry. Preferably the non-anionic polymers
have contact angles of less than 15 and more preferably less than 100. However, such
measurements can only be used as a guide. Some polymers moreover are not soluble at
the levels of the above test and yet still give a streak free benefit.
[0032] A more reliable guide to suitable non-anionic polymers is provided by an adsorption
test which, by way of surface tension measurements, determines the adsorptive affinity
of the non-anionic polymer compared to that of a typical cationic surfactant when
the components are in competition for an "ideal" surface such as colloidal silica.
The adsorption test comprises the following steps:
(i) 10g of a 0.015% solution of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
(CTAB) is placed in a tensiometer vessel and equilibrated to 25 ° C. The surface tension is measured.
(ii) 100 microlitres of a 1% solution in distilled water of the non-anionic polymer
is pipetted into the CTAB solution and mixed thoroughly. The surface tension is measured
again.
(iii)30 microlitres of an aqueous colloidal silica solution (Ludox HS-40) is pipetted
into the solution and mixed thoroughly. The surface tension is then measured at timed
intervals.
[0033] The quantity of silica added is chosen so that the non-anionic polymer and the surfactant
must compete for adsorption sites. It has been found that the preferred cationic polymers
according to the invention cause a less than 15 dyne change in surface tension when
tested according to the adsorption test defined above, particularly preferred cationic
polymers cause a less than 10 dyne change in surface tension according to the adsorption
test.
[0034] The amount of non-anionic polymer in the compositions of the invention may range
from 0.003 to 20%, usually from 0.01 to 15%, and preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight.
[0035] It has been found that particularly preferred formulations of the invention have
ratios of cationic surfactant: non-anionic polymer within the range 150:1 to 0.3:1
and most preferably 15:1 to 1:2.
[0036] The compositions may furthermore contain optional ingredients, such as preservatives,
bactericides, bleaching agents, enzymes, thickening agents, colouring agents, perfumes,
alkaline materials, sequestering agents, solvents and the like. They may also contain
particulate abrasive, such as particulate calcite, to form an abrasive cleaning composition.
They may be made in any physical form, such as powders, blocks, aqueous and non-aqueous
liquids etc. Preferably, they are in liquid form, the balance of the formulation being
an aqueous or non-aqueous medium. They may be applied as such, i.e. neat, or they
may be made up into a solution before use to a concentration of generally 0.1 to 10%.
[0037] In general the streak-free benefit is independent of the pH of the composition. An
exception is a polymer such as poly(2-vinylpyridine) in which case a composition of
very low pH is necessary for optimum streak-free results to be obtained.
[0038] The invention will further be illustrated by way of Example.
EXAMPLE 1
[0039] The streak-free benefits of cationic polymers were tested as follows:
1. A solution of 0.5-1 % of polymer in an aqueous liquid containing 1.5% (C12-C16) alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride, 4% nonylphenol condensed with 8.5 moles of
ethylene oxide, 0.3% perfume, balance water is prepared.
2. A quarter of a sponge cloth is cut; it is rinsed with plenty of tap water of average
hardness (ca. 12 degrees French Hard) and then gently squeezed.
3. Ten drops of the solution are dropped on the sponge cloth.
4. A single black ceramic tile is washed with this sponge and, after rinsing the sponge
cloth, wiped again.
5. Then the tile is left to dry naturally.
[0040] The streak-free benefit is then assessed visually. The following results were obtained:
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0001)
EXAMPLE 2
[0041] The following formulation containing:
1.5% C12-C16 alkyldimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
1.2% C1 1-C13 oxo-alcohol condensed with 3 moles of ethylene oxide
0.6% C9-C11 linear alcohol condensed with 5 moles of ethylene oxide
q.s. water
also containing
0.6% (A) or 0.9% (D) Busan 77, or 0.6% (C) resp. 0.8% (B) Merquat 100
was tested and compared with the formulation of Example 1 (without polymer) as control.
[0042] The following results were obtained.
a. Soil removal (triolein + carbon black)
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0002)
b. Streaking diluted in hard water (40 ° FH) neat test 45 ° C
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0003)
c. Logarithm of bacteria survivors in solutions (1:20 dil.) (solution containing 107 bacteria/cm3)
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0004)
d. Logarithm of bacteria survivors on cloth (1:10 dil.) (dish cloths contaminated,
contacted for 30 seconds with the solution)
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0005)
EXAMPLE 3
[0043] The following formulation is a liquid abrasive cleaning composition with an improved
streak-free benefit.
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0006)
EXAMPLE 4
[0044] The adsorptive affinity of a range of non-anionic polymers was determined by the
following adsorption test.
Adsorption test method
[0045] The adsorption test comprises the following steps:
(i) 10g of a 0.015% solution of the cationic surfactant CTAB is placed in a tensiometer
vessel and equilibrated to 25 ° C. The surface tension is measured as approximately 51 dynes.
(ii) 100 microlitres of a 1% solution in distilled water of the non-anionic polymer
is pipetted into the CTAB solution and mixed thoroughly. The surface tension is again
measured. A value close to 51 dynes suggests that any interaction between the polymer
and the surfactant is negligible.
(iii)30 microlitres of an aqueous colloidal silica solution (Ludox HS-40) are pipetted
into the solution and mixed thoroughly. The surface tension is then measured at timed
intervals.
[0046] The non-anionic polymer from (ii) above was then incorporated in the following composition.
1.5% Alkyl (C8-C18) benzyldimethylammonium chloride
1.2% Alkyl (C11) polyoxyethylene (3EO)
0.6% Alkyl (C9 -C11) polyoxyethylene (5EO)
0.8% Non-anionic polymer
balance water to 100%
[0047] The formulation was tested both neat and dilute as follows:
(a) Neat: 2g of the formulation were placed on a clean folded sponge cloth and wiped
over a clean, dry, vertical, black ceramic tile board. The cloth was then rinsed in
demineralised water and the board wiped again before being left to dry naturally.
(b) Dilute: 4g of the formulation were diluted to 400g using 40 ° FH water at 45 ° C. A clean folded sponge cloth was immersed in the liquid, squeezed gently and wiped
over the tile board. The cloth was then re- immersed, squeezed until damp and wiped
over the tile board. The board was left to dry naturally.
[0048] The following results were obtained:
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=1994/32/DOC/EPNWB1/EP89305082NWB1/imgb0007)
[0049] None of the above polymers showed surface activity when added to distilled water.
Little or no change in surface activity resulted from the addition of polymer to surfactant
(i.e. little or no change in surface tension from step (i) to step (ii). The results
of the adsorption test correlate well with the streak free benefit for cationic polymers
having a change in surface tension (when silica is added to a solution comprising
surfactant and polymer according to the adsorption test as define above) of less than
about 15 dynes and preferably less than about 8 dynes.
1. Allzweckreinigerzusammensetzung enthaltend
(a) 0.1 bis 30 Gew.% eines nichtionischen Tensids;
(b) 0.005 bis 5 Gew.% eines kationischen Reinigungstensids, das eine desinfizierende
Wirkung besitzt;
(c) 0.003 bis 20 Gew.% eines nicht-anionischen Polymers, das eine adsorptive Affinität
zu harten Oberflächen besitzt.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin das nicht-anionische Polymer (c) ein kationisches
Polymer ist.
3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, worin das nichtionische Tensid
ein getopptes nichtionisches Tensid ist.
4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin die Zusammensetzung
1 bis 10 Gew.% von (a) enthält.
5. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin die Zusammensetzung
0.1 bis 5 Gew.% von (b) enthält.
6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin die Zusammensetzung
0.01 bis 15 Gew.% von (c) enthält.
7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, worin das kationische Polymer (c) eine Änderung
der Oberflächenspannung von weniger als 15 Dyn aufweist, wenn gemessen gemäß einem
vorstehend beschriebenen Adsorptionstest.
8. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 7, worin das kationische Polymer (c) eine Änderung
der Oberflächenspannung von weniger als 8 Dyn aufweist, wenn gemessen gemäß dem Adsorptionstest.
9. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin der Randwinkel eines
Wassertropfens an der Oberfläche, die vorgängig mit der Formulierung von Beispiel
2, enthaltend 0.8 Gew.% von (c), behandelt wurde, geringer als 10 ist.
10. Allzweckreinigerzusammensetzung, enthaltend:
(a) 1 bis 10 Gew.% eines nichtionischen Tensids;
(b) 0.25 bis 5 Gew.% eines kationischen Reinigungstensids, das eine desinfizierende
Wirkung besitzt;
(c) 0.1 bis 5 Gew.% eines nicht-anionischen Polymers, das eine adsorptive Affinität
zu harten Oberflächen besitzt.
11. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin das kationische
Reinigungstensid nicht mehr als eine Alkylgruppe mit acht oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen
enthält.
1. Une composition de nettoyage à usage général contenant :
(a) 0,1 à 30 % en masse d'un agent tensioactif non ionique;
(b) 0,005 à 5 % en masse d'un agent tensioactif détergent cationique présentant un
pouvoir d'assainissement;
(c) 0,003 à 20 % en masse d'un polymère non anionique présentant une affinité adsorbante
avec les surfaces dures.
2. Une composition selon la Revendication 1, dans laquelle le polymère non anionique
(c) est un polymère cationique.
3. Une composition selon la Revendication 1 ou la Revendication 2, dans laquelle l'agent
tensioactif non ionique est un agent tensioactif non ionique primaire.
4. Une composition selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
la composition contient 1 à 10 % en masse de (a).
5. Une composition selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
la composition contient 0,1 à 5 % en masse de (b).
6. Une composition selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
la composition contient 0,01 à 15 % en masse de (c).
7. Une composition selon la Revendication 2, dans laquelle le polymère cationique
(c) présente une modification de tension de surface inférieure à 15 dynes lorsqu'elle
est mesurée selon un test d'adsorption tel que défini ci-avant.
8. Une composition selon la Revendication 7, dans laquelle le polymère cationique
(c) présente une modification de tension de surface inférieure à 8 dynes lorsqu'elle
est mesurée selon le test d'adsorption.
9. Une composition selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
l'angle de contact d'une goutte d'eau sur une surface traitée au préalable avec la
formulation de l'Exemple 2 contenant 0,8 % en masse de (c) est inférieur à 100.
10. Une composition de nettoyage à usage général contenant;
(a) 1 à 10 % en masse d'un agent tensioactif non ionique;
(b) 0,25 à 5 % en masse d'un agent tensioactif détergent cationique présentant un
pouvoir d'assainissement;
(c) 0,1 à 5 % en masse d'un polymère non anionique présentant une affinité adsorbante
avec les surfaces dures.
11. Une composition selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
l'agent tensioactif détergent cationique ne contient pas plus d'un groupe alkyle contenant
8 atomes de carbone, ou plus.