BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a copying machine which comprises a recirculating
document feeding apparatus for sequentially and circulatorily feeding and transporting
a sheet document to a reading station where document images are to be read and effects
copying operation in various copying modes in cooperation with the document feeding
apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
[0002] In recent years, copying machines have been provided with document feeding apparatus
for feeding a plurality of documents sequentially to a reading station below which
exposure means for reading document images is disposed in order to copy effectively
a plurality of document sheets of same size. Particularly, such a document feeding
apparatus is referred to as a recirculating document feeding apparatus, in which the
documents placed in a document placing member are fed therefrom, transported to the
reading station, and then returned to the placing member again. In this way, the documents
are fed circulatorily in the recirculating document feeding apparatus.
[0003] Document JP-A-60-83930 discloses an original carrying controller designed to shorten
the original eject time and the eject time of the first copy by carrying originals
at an exposure speed during exposure of originals and carrying originals at a high
speed during operations other than exposure. When an exposure point sensor just before
an exposure position detects the original, the carrying speed is switched to the exposure
speed. After the original passes the exposure point sensor, the original is carried
for a certain length by the counted value of an encoder provided on a carrying motor,
and exposure is terminated. At this time, the carrying speed is switched from the
exposure speed to a high speed again, and the original is carried to an original eject
switching gate or is carried to the exposure point sensor for the second copy. Thus,
the original eject time and the eject time of the first copy are shortened.
[0004] With such a recirculating document feeding apparatus as described above, both sides
of the document are fed to the reading stations facing the corresponding reading stations.
The document image read at the reading station is copied onto recording paper in the
copying machine cooperating with the feeding apparatus. Thereby, various copying modes
can be effected, such as a mode in which the documents having images on both sides
thereof (hereinafter referred to as a duplex document) are copied correspondingly
onto one or both sides of the recording paper (hereinafter referred to as a duplex
copy) or another mode in which the documents having an image on one side thereof (hereinafter
referred to as a simplex document) are copied onto both sides of the recording paper.
[0005] For example, in the case of obtaining the duplex copy from the simplex document,
the recirculating document feeding apparatus feeds a plurality of documents one by
one to the reading station. In the copying machine, the document image exposingly
read from one side of the document is formed into a latent image onto, for example,
a photoreceptor rotating at a constant speed, and further developed into a toner image,
which is copied onto one side of the fed recording paper. The recording paper to one
side of which the copying operation has been effected is temporarily stored in an
intermediate tray, then fed to the photoreceptor again. Thereupon, the document image
read from the document fed to the reading station succeedingly to the document whose
image has been copied onto one side of the recording paper is copied onto the other
side of the recording paper. Subsequently, the recording paper is discharged. In this
way, duplex copies can be obtained from a plurality of simplex documents.
[0006] In the case where the duplex copies are obtained from the simplex documents, there
are two copying processes. One is to copy the precollated simplex documents with respect
to page number thereof from the last page document. The other is to copy the documents
from the first page document. In the former case, the copying operation requires to
be changed depending on whether the number of the documents is odd or even. More specifically,
in the case where the number of the documents is even, a completely collated duplex
copy set can be obtained just by copying the document images of the simplex documents
sequentially onto both sides of the recoding paper. However, in the case where the
document images of the simplex documents are sequentially copied onto the recording
papers in a similar manner as in the case where the document number is even, the other
side of the recording paper, to one side of which the document image of the first
page is coped, is blank and thereby a collated duplex copy set cannot be obtained.
[0007] Accordingly, the copy operator counts the number of the documents beforehand, and
causes to switch to an appropriate copying process by inputting the information indicative
of whether the number of the documents is odd or even through the use of a control
panel. Alternatively, a plurality of documents placed in the placing member are circulated
through the transporting path past the reading station without being copied, thereby
effecting the counting operation for automatically counting the number of the documents
by means of sensors or the like.
[0008] Imposing the counting operation on the copy operator makes the copying operation
cumbersome. Particularly, in the case where a large number of documents are to be
copied, the copying operation becomes further burdensome and is liable to miscount
the number of the documents.
[0009] On the other hand, the counting operation by transporting the documents without being
copied within the recirculating document feeding apparatus does not involve a cumbersome
operation, hence having been utilized in recent years. Besides a (simplex -> duplex)
mode, the counting operation can be effected in the cases which require counting of
the number of the documents beforehand, such as a blank paper inserting mode. In the
blank paper inserting mode, a blank recording paper is inserted every plural number
of copied recording papers.
[0010] The copying modes of the copying machine generally include a standard mode in which
the document image of the document is copied onto the recording paper in the same
size, a reduction mode in which the document image is copied onto the recording paper
with reduced size thereof, and an enlargement mode in which the document image is
copied onto the recording paper with enlarged size thereof. In the reduction and enlargement
modes, transporting speed of the document passing the reading station relative to
the photoreceptor rotating at a constant speed is appropriately adjusted. Thereby,
the size of the document image read onto the photoreceptor is controlled. In this
way, the magnification at which the document image is copied onto the recording paper
is set in the respective copying mode.
[0011] The transporting speed of the documents sequentially transported without being copied
in the counting operation has been set at a constant transporting speed at which the
documents are transported to the reading station to be copied. More specifically,
despite the fact that the transporting speed at which the document is transported
to the reading station can be variable in accordance with the respective copying magnification,
the constant transporting speed of the document in the counting operation is set equal
to the transporting speed to the reading station in the standard mode. Accordingly,
since the documents are transported without being copied at the constant transporting
speed in accordance with the standard mode despite the capability of transporting
the document more rapidly, a large amount of time is uselessly spent on the counting
operation. This results in spending much time to obtain the copied recording paper
through the copying operation succeeding thereto.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] It is an object of the invention to provide a copying machine provided with a recirculating
document feeding apparatus capable of considerably reducing the time required for
counting operation prior to copying operation.
[0013] The present invention provides the copying machine provided with a recirculating
document feeding apparatus in which the document sheets placed in a placing member
are sequentially fed to the reading station, at which the document images to be copied
are read, at a transporting speed determined in accordance with a selected copying
magnification and returned to the placing member again after reading the document
images thereof, and copies the read document image onto a recording paper which comprises
controlling means for determining transporting speed of the document to be higher
than the transporting speed determined in accordance with the minimum copying magnification
when the documents are transported without being copied for the counting operation.
[0014] According to the invention, the copying machine is provided with the recirculating
document feeding apparatus for sequentially feeding the document sheets placed in
the placing member to the reading station and therefrom returning the documents after
reading the document images at the reading station to the placing member, i.e. feeding
the documents circulatorily. In the recirculating document feeding apparatus, the
transporting speed of the documents fed to the reading station is set in accordance
with a selected copying magnification. The document images read at the reading station
are copied onto recording paper sequentially fed in the main body of the copying machine.
[0015] In the case where the counting operation of the documents is required prior to the
copying operation, such as in a (simplex -> duplex) mode and a blank paper inserting
mode, the documents placed in the placing means are circulated through a transporting
path without the document images being read at the reading station. The transporting
speed of the documents in the counting operation is set by the controlling means so
as to be higher than the transporting speed at which the documents are transported
to the reading station in accordance with the minimum copying magnification in the
reduction mode.
[0016] Further, when the documents are transported without being copied, control of the
transporting speed can be rough compared to control of the transporting speed when
the documents are to be copied, thereby enabling high speed transportation of the
documents while eliminating the need for a new circuit for controlling the transporting
speed.
[0017] Accordingly, the transporting speed of the documents to be transported without being
copied in the counting operation can be set at maximum transporting speed, thereby
enabling the time required for the counting operation to be remarkably reduced.
[0018] As described above, according to the invention, in the copying machine provided with
the recirculating document feeding apparatus capable of changing the transporting
speed of the documents to be transported to the reading station in accordance with
the copying magnification, the transportation of the documents is effected at the
maximum transporting speed higher than the transporting speed in accordance with the
minimum copying magnification in the counting operation of the documents. Thereby,
the time required for the counting operation can be remarkably reduced. As a result,
the counting operation is rapidly switched to the copying operation, reducing the
time required for the entire copying operation and thereby operability of the copying
machine will be improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Other and further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be more
explicit from the following detailed description taken with reference to the drawings
wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of a transfer-type
electrostatic copying machine provided with a recirculating document feeding apparatus
1;
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of the recirculating
document feeding apparatus 1;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart describing counting operation of the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing an electric configuration of the copying apparatus;
Fig. 5 is a partial plan view of a control panel 175.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0020] Now referring to the drawing, preferred embodiments of the invention are described
below.
[0021] Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a transfer-type electrostatic
copying machine provided with a recirculating document feeding apparatus 1. In the
center of interior construction of a main body 100 of the copying machine is disposed
a right cylindrical photoreceptor 101 rotatable at a specific rate. In the periphery
of the photoreceptor 101 are respective copying processing portions together with
a corona discharger 102 for charging and a developing device 103. On the left side
of Fig. 1 with respect to the photoreceptor 101 is disposed a fixing device 104.
[0022] The recirculating document feeding apparatus 1 is arranged on top surface of the
main body 100 of the copying machine. A first reading station 20 and a second reading
station 21 disposed respectively right below a first support cylinder 5 and a second
support cylinder 6 of the document feeding apparatus 1 are aligned in parallel substantially
in the same plane on the top surface of the main body 100 of the copying machine.
Further, on the top surface of the main body 100 of the copying machine is disposed
a third reading station 105 for a bound book or the like constituting exposure means
149 capable of performing a dual system reading exposure method.
[0023] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the recirculating document feeding
apparatus 1. The recirculating document feeding apparatus 1 comprises a document placing
member 2 used as means for placing the documents, a feed means 3 for feeding the sheets
of the documents one by one from the document placing member 2, the first support
cylinder 5 in the form of right cylinder for transporting the document along the outer
surface thereof and having one side of the document faced to the first reading station
20, the second support cylinder 6 in the form of right cylinder for having the other
side of the document being transported faced to the second reading station 21, document
transporting means 7 for transporting the document from the document placing member
2 to the first support cylinder 5, a document inverting means 8 provided between the
first support cylinder 5 and the second support cylinder 6 for inverting a transporting
state of the document so that the document, one side of which is faced to the first
reading station 20, has the other side thereof faced to the second reading station
21, and document returning means 9 for returning the document from the second support
cylinder 6 to the document placing member 2.
[0024] In the document placing member 2, a plurality of document sheets precollated with
respect to page number thereof are placed with one edge portions (left edge portion
side in Fig. 1) thereof aligned by a document aligning member 10. For example, the
documents are placed on a document transporting belt 11 with document side having
the smallest page number placed face-down.
[0025] Above the document placing member 2 is disposed a feed roller 12 constituting the
feed means 3 for feeding sequentially the documents D from the uppermost document
out of the document placing member 2. The feed roller 12 is drivingly rotated at a
predetermined timing by a document feed motor M2 in the direction of an arrow, and
pressed against the document DO stacked uppermost through a lever 13 by energization
of a solenoid or the like when being rotated, thereby feeding the document DO from
the documents D to the document transporting means 7.
[0026] The document transporting means 7, to which the documents D is fed one by one from
the document placing member 2 by the feed roller 12, comprises a transporting path
14 curved from the horizontal direction down to the vertical direction as shown in
Fig. 2. At an end portion of an inlet of the transporting path 14 are disposed a pair
of separating rollers 15a and 15b for preventing multiple feeding of the documents.
The separating roller 15a disposed above is drivingly rotated in the direction of
transport of the document, and the separating roller 15b disposed below is drivingly
rotated in the opposite direction of transport of the document. The documents D are
reliably separately fed to the transporting path 14 one by one by passing the nip
between the separating roller 15a and 15b. Along the transporting path 14 are arranged
pairs of rollers 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d which are spaced with respect to each other.
[0027] These pairs of transporting rollers 16a to 16d rotatably come into contact with both
sides of the document D respectively. The pairs of transporting rollers 16a to 16d
are forcefully rotated by the document feed motor M3 to guidingly feed the document
D in the direction of an arrow 17. Alongside of the inlet of the transporting path
14 is disposed a document feed sensor S2, and alongside of the outlet of the transporting
path 14 is disposed a sensor S3 before the first reading station in the direction
of transport of the document.
[0028] Also, at the outlet portion of the transporting path 14 (in the periphery of the
first support cylinder 5) is disposed a pair of first resist rollers 19a and 19b.
The first resist rollers 19a and 19b are coupled to a drive shaft through a clutch
CLT1, not shown, and stopped rotating and rotated again by ON-OFF control of the clutch
CLT1. The ON-OFF control of the clutch CLT1 is controlled in accordance with the operator's
desired copying mode.
[0029] That is to say, in the case where it is required for the document to be read, the
rotation of resist rollers 19a and 19b is stopped to have the document D wait therebetween
so as to synchronize with the transport of recording paper in the main body 100 of
the copying machine. After synchronization with the transport of recording paper,
the resist roller 19a and 19b are rotated.again to transport the document D to the
first support cylinder 5. On the other hand, in the case where it is not required
for the document to be read, the resist rollers 19a and 19b are normally rotated merely
as rollers for transporting the documents similar to the other transporting rollers
to pass the document D without stopping it therebetween.
[0030] In addition, in the case where the first resist rollers 19a and 19b are operated
merely as transporting rollers, the transporting rollers 16c and 16d, which are disposed
upstream of the direction of transport of the document with respect to the resist
rollers 19a and 19b by a length not longer than the allowable maximum length L1 of
the document D being transported, are not stopped rotating until the transport of
the document D is completed. On the other hand, in the case where the first resist
rollers 19a and 19b are operated as resist rollers for adjusting the timing for the
document D to be fed to the first support cylinder 5 by having the document D wait
therebetween, rotation of the transporting rollers 16c and 16d is controlled as well.
[0031] That is to say, when a leading edge of the document D transported along the transporting
path 14 is fed to the nip between the first resist rollers 19a and 19b, the rotation
of transporting rollers 16c and 16d is stopped temporarily to stop the transport of
the document D. Thereafter, at the same time when the first resist rollers 19a and
19b are started rotating, the transporting rollers 16c and 16d are also started to
rotate again, resuming the transport of the document D.
[0032] Reading stations for reading an image of the document D include the first reading
station 20 and the second reading station 21 corresponding to respective bottom end
surfaces of the first support cylinder 5 and the second support cylinder 6 arranged
in parallel and spaced from each other in the horizontal direction. The first reading
station 20 and the second reading station 21 are positioned in the same flat surface
as shown in the figure.
[0033] The support cylinders 5, 6 are drivingly rotated respectively by document transporting
motors M4, M5 in the clockwise direction (see Fig. 2) synchronized with transporting
speed at which the document is to be fed to each of reading stations 20 and 21 in
accordance with a copying speed at which the document image is copied onto the recording
paper, or a set copying magnification. Also, the support cylinders 5, 6 have driven
rollers 22a to 22d, 23a to 23d respectively provided along the outer surface thereof
and spaced at specific intervals. The document D is rolled pressingly against the
outer surfaces of the support cylinders 5 and 6 by these driven rollers, and fed along
the circumferential transporting paths 20a and 20b defined on the outer side of the
support cylinders 5 and 6.
[0034] Right below the circumferential transporting paths 20a and 20b are respectively placed
hard transparent glass plates 24 and 25 constituting respectively the first and the
second reading stations 20 and 21. When the document D is passed between the first
support cylinder 5 and the first transparent glass plate 24 at the speed in accordance
with the set copying magnification, one side of the document (upside of the document
D stacked in the document placing member 2 in Fig. 2) is read and exposed, thereby
performing the reading of the image corresponding to one side of the document. When
the document D is passed between the second support cylinder 6 and the second transparent
glass plate 25, the other side of the document D (downside of the document D in the
document placing member 2) is read and exposed, thereby performing the reading of
the image corresponding to the other side of the document to be described hereinafter.
[0035] Moreover, in the transport of the document accompanied by the operator's desired
copying mode and counting operation of the documents to be described below, there
are cases where the documents D are passed through the first reading station 20 and
the second reading station 21 without any reading or exposure operation.
[0036] To the first reading station 20 is fed the document D being rolled to the first support
cylinder 5 by rotational force caused by the first resist rollers 19a and 19b through
the transporting path 14 provided in the document transporting means 7. Between the
first support cylinder 5 and the second support cylinder 6 is disposed a document
inverting means 8 provided with an inverting path 30 for inverting sides of the document
to be faced to the reading station. The inverting path 30 has a first path 30a and
a second path 30b extending upwardly with inclination from the portions of the circumferential
transporting paths 20a and 21a opposing each other, and a third path 30c extending
in the horizontal direction from the junction of the first and the second paths 30a
and 30b.
[0037] A direction switching claw 31 is provided at the inlet portion of the first path
30a continuously connected to the circumferential transporting path 20a of the first
support cylinder 5. The direction switching claw 31 is actuated by a solenoid SOL1
to selectively transport the document D to either of the first path 30a or the circumferential
transporting path 20a of the first support cylinder. More specifically, the document
D passed through the first reading station 20 is transported to the first path 30a
by actuating the direction switching claw 31 to move to a position shown by a solid
line in Fig. 1 in the case where it is sufficient for the document D to be read and
exposed only once in accordance with the operator's desired copying mode. On the other
hand, in the case where the document D should be read and exposed more than once,
the direction switching claw 31 is actuated to move to a position shown by a two-dot
line to transport the document D along the circumferential path 20a of the first support
cylinder 5 more than once.
[0038] After the document D is read and exposed, the direction switching claw 31 is actuated
to move to the solid lined position to transport the document D to the first path
30a. Along the first path 30a are disposed a sensor S4 positioned after the first
reading station for detecting a trailing edge of the document D, a pair of rollers
34a and 34b, and a direction switching claw 35 in the order thereof from the upstream
of the transporting direction of the document D. In accordance with a sensor signal
from the sensor S4 is controlled inversion operation for inverting both sides of the
document D to be described hereinafter.
[0039] The document D is transported to the third path 30c through the direction switching
claw 35 by the drivingly rotated rollers 34a and 34b. Two pairs of rollers 36a, 36b
and 37a, 37b are disposed along the third path 30c while holding the third path 30c
therebetween. The rollers 36a and 37a are rotated in normal and reverse directions
by a motor M6 for inverting the document. After transporting the document D passed
through the direction switching claw 35 in the direction of an arrow 40a in the third
path 30c, the transporting rollers 36 and 37 transport the document D in the direction
of an arrow 40b by invertingly rotating the motor M6 at the time when the trailing
edge of the document D passed through the direction switching claw 35.
[0040] The direction switching claw 35 is actuated to move to a solid lined position shown
in Fig. 1 by a solenoid SOL2 disconnecting the first path 30a to the third path 30c
while connecting the second path 30b thereto, thereby rendering the document D transported
to the second path 30b. The second path 30b has the roller 34c provided therealong,
and is in pressing contact with the roller 34a by a solenoid SOL3 and thereby transports
the document D while holding it therebetween. Although the rollers 36 and 37 rotatable
in normal and reverse directions are adapted to embody the inverting operation for
inverting both sides of the document as hereinbelow described, a belt transporting
device and an air transporting device, for example, may also be adapted for the same
purpose.
[0041] Moreover, rotational forces of the rollers 34a and 34c are adapted to assist the
second support cylinder 6 in transporting the document D to the second reading station
21 whereby the document D is rolled to the outer surface thereof. In the downstream
position in the transporting direction with respect to the roller 34c is disposed
a sensor S5 positioned before the second reading station for detecting passage of
the trailing edge of the document D.
[0042] Further, on the downstream side in the transporting direction with respect to the
sensor S5 are arranged a pair of second resist rollers 59a and 59b coupled to the
drive shaft through a clutch CLT2, although unillustrated. The rotation of the second
resist rollers is stopped and started again by the ON-OFF control by the clutch CLT2.
The ON-OFF control by the clutch CLT2 is controlled in accordance with the operator's
desired copying mode.
[0043] More specifically, in the case where the document D is required to be read, the resist
rollers 59a and 59b are stopped rotating to have the document D wait so as to synchronize
with the recording paper. After the document D is synchronized with the recording
paper, the rollers 59a and 59b are started rotating again so as to transport the document
D to the second support cylinder 6. On the other hand, in the case where the document
D is not required to be read, the rollers 59a and 59b are rotated as transporting
rollers at all times to pass the document D therebetween without having the document
D wait. Here, operation by the solenoid SOL3 is controlled in accordance with rotation
of the rollers 59a and 59b.
[0044] In addition, transporting rollers 36 and 37 are arranged on the downstream side in
the transporting direction with respect to the second resist rollers 59a and 59b by
the length not longer than an allowable maximum length L1 of the document D to be
transported. The second resist rollers 59a and 59b are to the transporting rollers
36 and 37 what the first resist rollers 19a and 19b are to the transporting rollers
16c and 16d in operational relationship thereof.
[0045] More specifically, in the case where the second resist rollers 59a and 59b are operated
merely for transporting documents, the transporting rollers 36 and 37 for transporting
the document D to the second support cylinder 6 are kept rotating until the transport
of the document D is completed. On the other hand, in the case where the second resist
rollers 59a and 59b are operated as for resisting the documents, the rotation of the
transporting rollers 36 and 37 is temporarily stopped when the leading edge of the
document D reaches the nip between the rollers 59a and 59b. Thereafter, at the same
time when the second resist rollers 59a and 59b are started rotating, the transporting
rollers 36 and 37 are also started rotating, thereby resuming transport of the document
D.
[0046] As described hereinbelow, one side of the document D which has already been faced
to the first reading station 20 is faced and rolled to the outer surface of the second
support cylinder 6 by the transporting direction of the document D being reversed
in the inverting path 30. Accordingly, the document D is transported to the second
support cylinder 6 with the other side thereof, which has not yet faced the reading
station, face down. In view of this, the other side of the document D transported
at a transporting speed in accordance with the selected copying magnification is exposed
in the second reading station 21 and consequently an original image thereof is read.
[0047] The direction switching claw 46 is arranged in a location where the document passed
through the second reading station 21 is branched off to a transporting path 45 of
the document returning means 9 from the circumferential transporting path 21a of the
second support cylinder 6. The direction switching claw 46 is actuated by a solenoid
SOL4 to selectively open or close the circumferential transporting path 21a to the
transporting path 45.
[0048] More specifically, in the case where the document D is exposed and read only once
in the second reading station 21 depending on the operator's desired copying mode,
the circumferential transporting path 21a is open to the transporting path 45, to
which the document D is thereby transported. On the contrary, in the case where the
document D is exposed and read more than once, the transporting path 45 is closed.
Accordingly, after having been transported in the circumferential transporting path
21a the required number of times, the document D is transported to the transporting
path 45.
[0049] As described hereinbelow, the document images on both sides of the document D can
be read, by exposing and reading the document images on one side and the other side
of the document D in the first reading station 20 and the second reading station 21
respectively. Also, since the document D is exposingly read in the first and the second
reading station 20, 21 respectively the required number of times, a plurality of sets
of copies can be made from a plurality of the documents D.
[0050] In the document returning means 9 for returning the document D from the second reading
station 21 to the document placing member 2, the transporting path 45 is connected
to the end portion of a transport belt 11 on the below side for transporting the document
D thereto. More specifically, the transporting path 45 has pairs of transporting rollers
50 and 51 provided therefor for transporting the document D. Moreover, in the vicinity
of the outlet of the transporting path 45 is disposed a sensor S6 positioned before
the document placing member 2 for detecting passage of the document D. Operation of
the transport belt 11 and the document returning means 9 is controlled in accordance
with a sensor signal from the sensor S6.
[0051] The endless transport belt 11 is installed encirclingly on rollers 55a, 55b, 55c,
and 55d spaced laterally and longitudinally to one another as shown in the figure.
The driving roller 55b is drivingly rotated in the direction of an arrow by a motor
M7 adapted to return the document D to the placing member 2 in accordance with the
sensor signal from the sensor S6, thereby drivingly rotating the transport belt 11
in a counterclockwise direction (see Fig. 2.) The upper stretching portion of the
transport belt 11 also serves as a placing member for the documents D. In addition,
a document sucking roller 56 is disposed in a position adjacent to the transporting
path 45 and feeds the document D to the nip between the upper stretching portion of
the transport belt 11 and the bottommost stacked document D by transporting force
with the transport belt 11.
[0052] In order to smooth this operation, a document kick-up roller 58 is provided below
the end portion on the downstream side in the feeding direction of the documents D
placed in the document placing member 2. The kick-up roller 58 lifts temporarily the
right edge portion of the stacked documents D from the transport belt 11, expanding
reliably an opening for feeding the document into the bottommost position. The document
D fed into the bottommost position is completely returned to the document placing
member 2 by the motor M7 for driving the transport belt 11 being stopped driving at
the time when the leading end thereof reaches the edge aligning member 10.
[0053] Moreover, as illustrated, the document placing member 2 is provided with an actuating
member 60 comprising, for example, a specularly formed stainless plate for detecting
one circulation of the documents D placed therein. The actuating member 60 is in a
position shown by a solid line in Fig. 1 before the operator places a stack of documents
D in the document placing member 2, and then the documents D are placed thereon. As
the documents D are fed one by one from the document placing member 2 and returned
thereto again, the actuating member 60 gradually shifts upwardly. The actuating member
60 is interposed between the unfed documents and the restacked documents, separating
the both from each other. When all the documents D are circulated, the actuating member
60 reaches the uppermost position shown by a two-dot line.
[0054] The actuating member 60 which has reached the uppermost position has an exposed state
thereof detected by, for example, the sensor S1 included in the document placing member
2 detecting one circulation of the document, the sensor S1 being comprised of a combination
of a light emitting element and a photoreceiving element. Upon detection of the exposed
state of the actuating member 60, the sensor S1 generates a sensor signal indicative
of completion of one circulation of the document. Such an operation as to make sets
of copies by the operator's desired number on the main body 100 side of the copying
machine is controlled in accordance with the sensor signal from the sensor S1. Thereafter,
the actuating member 60 is drivingly rotated by 180 degrees by a motor M1 for driving
the actuating member 60 and returned to the bottom-most position (original position)
with the document D placed thereon.
[0055] Referring back to Fig. 1, in the upper portion of the interior of the main body 100
of the copying machine are disposed a light source 150 for slit exposing a side of
the document, reflectors 151a, 151b, 151c, and 151d, and the exposure means 149 including
a zoom lens 152. In the exposure means 149, when the light from the light source 150
is incident upon the side of the document D, the reflected light representative of
a document image forms an image in exposure region 130 of the photoreceptor 101 through
the reflectors 151a to 151d and the lens 152.
[0056] The exposure means 149 performs reading and exposure in a pausing state in the first
and the second reading stations 20, 21 right below the first and the second support
cylinders 5, 6 respectively in accordance with transport of the document D at a transporting
speed based on the copying magnification in the document feeding apparatus 1. Moreover,
in the case where a book or the like is placed on the third reading station 105, a
first moving body comprising the light source 150 and the reflector 151a performs
exposure and reading while scanning the third reading station 105. These two reading
exposure methods are effected by driving the exposure means 149 by a motor M13.
[0057] As drivingly rotated in the clockwise direction at a constant speed, the photoreceptor
101 is electrostatically charged by the corona discharger 102. In the exposure region
130 of the charged photoreceptor 101, the reflected light through the exposure means
149 forms an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the read document image.
The electrostatic latent image thus formed is developed into an toner image by the
developing device 103. The toner image is transferred to a recording paper P in transfer
region 129 by a corona discharger 131 for transfer, the recording paper P being fed
to the photoreceptor 101 to be described hereinafter. After the transfer to the recording
paper P, the image is transported to a fixing device 104 by a transporting mechanism
132 and thereby fixed.
[0058] In addition, upon completion of image transfer in the transfer region 129, the residual
toner on the photoreceptor 101 is removed by a cleaning device 133 provided downstream
of the transfer region 129 in the rotating direction of the photoreceptor 101. Thereafter,
the residual charge on the photoreceptor 101 is removed by a charge removing device
134, and the surface of the photoreceptor 101 is charged by the corona discharger
102 so as to be ready for formation of a succeeding image.
[0059] Paper cassettes 106a and 106b containing a stack of the recording paper P are loaded
on one side of the main body 100 of the copying machine, and paper cassettes 106c
and 106d are loaded in the bottom portion thereof. The stack of the recording paper
P placed in the paper cassettes 106a to 106d are fed from the uppermost stacked recording
paper one by one to feeding paths 108a to 108d. The recording paper P is fed as paper
feed rollers 109a to 109d disposed on upper surface of each of paper cassettes 106a
to 106d are drivingly rotated by motors M8. The feeding paths 108a to 108d and a feeding
path 115 from an intermediate tray 113 has respectively transporting rollers 107a
to 107e, which are drivingly rotated by a motor M9 to feed the recording paper P to
the copying operation processing portion.
[0060] Transporting timing of the recording paper P fed from the paper cassettes 106a to
106d and the intermediate tray 113 is controlled by third resist rollers 160a, 160b
disposed on the transporting path to the photoreceptor 101. More specifically, when
a leading edge of the recording paper P transported to the photoreceptor 101 is fed
to the nip between the third resist rollers 160a and 160b, transport of the recording
paper P is temporarily stopped.
[0061] When one side of the document D is exposed and read in the first reading station
20, the first resist rollers 19a, 19b are employed for controlling the transport of
the document D and the second resist rollers 59a, 59b are employed merely for transporting
the document D, both the first and the second resist rollers being provided in the
document feeding apparatus 1. After the document D and the recording paper P are temporarily
stopped between the first resist rollers 19a and 19b, and between the third resist
rollers 160a and 160b respectively, the first resist rollers 19a, 19b are drivingly
rotated to restart transporting the document D and, after a preset period of time,
the third resist rollers 160a, 160b are drivingly rotated to restart transporting
the recording paper P.
[0062] The preset period of time is the time required for the second operation subtracted
from that required for the first operation. Here, the first operation means that the
document D transported again by the first resist rollers 19a, 19b after the temporary
stop therebetween are exposed and read in the first reading station 20, and the downstream
side edge of the toner image in the moving direction, corresponding to the original
image, formed on the photoreceptor 101 reaches the transfer region 129. The second
operation means that the leading edge of the recording paper P transported by the
third resist rollers 160a, 160b after the temporary stop therebetween reaches the
transfer region 129. The preset period of time is counted down by a timer provided
in, for example, a controlling device. Accordingly, the transferred image and the
recording paper P can be reliably registered by synchronizing with each other.
[0063] Further, when the other side of the document D is exposed and read in the second
reading station 21, the first resist rollers 19a, 19b are employed merely for transporting
the document D and the second rollers 59a, 59b are employed for resisting. The relationship
between the timing of transport of the document D by the second resist rollers 59a,
59b and the timing of transport of the record paper P by the third resist rollers
160a, 160b is similar to the relationship in synchronizing the timings of the first
resist rollers 19a, 19b and the third resist rollers 160a, 160b. In addition, such
a rotation/stop control of the third resist rollers 160a, 160b as described above
is effected by an ON-OFF control of a clutch CLT3 provided between the third resist
rollers 160a, 160b and driving motor therefor for transporting the recording paper.
[0064] On the other side of the main body 100 of the copying machine is provided a discharge
tray 110, to which a solenoid SOL 8 is mounted. When the solenoid SOL 8 is magnetized
for a predetermined period of time, the discharge tray 110 is shifted forwardly in
the direction normal to the surface of Fig. 1. On the contrary, when the solenoid
SOL 8 is demagnetized for a predetermined period of time, the discharge tray 110 is
shifted rearwardly in the direction normal to the surface of Fig. 1. Thereby, plural
sets of recording paper having plural document images copied thereon can be discharged
to the discharge tray 110 in sorted state.
[0065] In the main body 100 of the copying machine are a discharging path 111 for discharging
the recording paper P passed through the fixing device 104 by way of the copying operation
processing portion and an inverting path 112 for inverting the recording paper P,
the inverting path 112 being diverged from the discharging path 111. The recording
paper P passed through the copying operation processing portion and the fixing device
104 and having on one side thereof formed the image corresponding to the original
image thereon is discharged to the discharge tray 110 in any one of the following
three modes (i) to (iii) in accordance with the operator's desired copying mode.
(i) The recording paper P is directly transported through the discharging path 111
from the fixing device 104 to be discharged to the discharge tray 110.
(ii) After being transported to the discharging path 111 from the fixing device 104,
the recording paper P is transported to the inverting path 112 so as to be switched
back therein. Thereafter, the recording paper P is temporarily stacked in the intermediate
tray 113 to be transported to the copying operation processing portion again. A pile
of the recording paper P stacked in the intermediate tray 113 is fed from the bottommost
stacked one by a feeding mechanism 114 drivingly rotated by a motor M14, and transported
to the copying operation processing portion through the transporting path 115. Subsequently,
the recording paper P is discharged to the discharge tray 110 through the fixing device
104 and the discharging path 111.
(iii) The recording paper P is transported through the discharging path 111 from the
fixing device 104 to the inverting path 112, where it is inverted, and is thereafter
discharged to the discharge tray 110.
[0066] In order to enable these three transporting modes of the recording paper P, the inverting
path 112 comprises paths 112a and 112b diverged from two locations in the discharging
path 111, a path 112c into which the paths 112a and 112b are joined, and a path 112d
diverged from the path 112c and directed toward the intermediate tray 113. A first
direction switching claw 115 is disposed in the location from which the path 112a
is diverged from the discharging path 111. A second direction switching claw 116 is
disposed in a location where the paths 112a and 112b are joined. A third direction
switching claw 117 is disposed in a location where the paths 112d are diverged from
the path 112c. These first to third direction switching claws 115 to 117 are actuated
respectively by unillustrated driving solenoids SOL5, SOL6, and SOL7, thereby selecting
the transporting path for the recording paper P in accordance with the operator's
desired copying mode.
[0067] In the vicinity of the joining location of the paths 112a and 112b are provided pairs
of rollers 118a, 118b, and 118c. In the vicinity of the diverging location of the
paths 112c and 112d are provided pairs of rollers 119a, 119b, and 119c. Each of these
pairs of rollers are employed for transporting the recording paper P. Further, in
the path 112c are disposed a pair of rollers 120 for inverting the recording paper
P in the vicinity of the joining location of the paths 112a and 112b, the pair of
rollers 120 being rotated in normal and reverse directions by an unillustrated motor
M11 so as to reverse the transporting direction of the recording paper P. Below the
diverging location of the paths 112c and 112d are disposed a pair of rollers 121 for
inverting the recording paper P, which are rotated in normal and reverse directions
by an unillustrated motor M12. Further, a sensor S13 for detecting discharge of the
recording paper P is disposed in the vicinity of the outlet of the discharging path
111. Sensors S14, S15 for detecting inversion of the recording paper P are disposed
in the vicinity of the diverging location of the discharging path 111 and the path
112a and in path 112c respectively. Furthermore, a sensor S16 for detecting an inlet
of the intermediate tray 113 is disposed in the vicinity of the outlet of the path
112d.
[0068] With such a construction of the inverting path 112 as described above, in the case
where the discharged mode (i) is selected, the direction switching claw 115 is actuated
to close the path 112a to the discharging path 111 so that the recording paper P is
discharged along the discharging path 111. In the case where the discharge mode (ii)
is selected, the direction switching claw 115 is actuated to close the discharging
path 111 so that the recording paper P is transported through the path 112a, and the
direction switching claw 116 is actuated to open the path 112c, in which the recording
paper P has the transporting direction thereof reversed by the inverting rollers 121.
Thereafter, the direction switching claw 117 is actuated to close the path 112c so
as to open the path 112d for the recording paper P, which is in turn introduced to
the intermediate tray 113. In the case where the discharge mode (iii) is selected,
after having been transported to the path 112c as described above, the recording paper
P has the transporting direction thereof reversed by the inverting rollers 120. Thereafter,
the direction switching claw 116 is actuated to close the path 112a so as to open
the path 112b for the recording paper P, which is in turn introduced to the discharging
path 111 through the path 112b.
[0069] In this copying machine are provided the following sensors for detecting the transporting
state of the recording paper P in each location shown in Fig. 1. A sensor S10 is adapted
to detect that the recording paper P is fed from the paper cassette. A sensor S11
is adapted to detect that the recording paper P is in a position just before the transfer
region 129. A sensor S12 is adapted to detect that the recording paper P has just
had the transferred image fixed thereon. A sensor S17 is adapted to detect presence
or absence of the paper in the intermediate tray 113. A sensor S18 is adapted to detect
that the paper has been fed from the intermediate tray 113.
[0070] A copying machine provided with such a recirculating document feeding apparatus 1
as described above is capable of effecting the following copying operations by recirculating
a plurality of document sheets D plural times in accordance with the operator's desired
copying mode.
(A) The operation for obtaining a plurality of sorted sets of simplex copies from
simplex documents (simplex -> simplex mode.)
(B) The operation for obtaining a plurality of sorted sets of duplex copies from simplex
documents (simplex -> duplex mode.)
(C) The operation for obtaining a plurality of sorted sets of simplex copies from
duplex documents (duplex -> simplex mode.)
(D) The operation for obtaining a plurality of sorted sets of duplex copies from duplex
documents (duplex -> duplex mode.)
[0071] Alternatively, it is also possible that the document D is exposed and read plural
times while being circulated around the support cylinder while being rolled thereto
so as to make a plurality of copies during one circulation of the document D in accordance
with the operator's desired copying mode.
[0072] Further, the rotating speeds of the resist rollers 19a, 19b and 59a, 59b disposed
before and after the support cylinders 5 and 6 in the transporting direction and the
other transporting rollers are controlled in accordance with the set copying magnification.
Thereby, a magnification for the document image read onto the photoreceptor 101 drivingly
rotated at the constant speed is regulated so that the document image can be copied
onto the recording paper in a desired size corresponding to a standard mode, reduction
mode, and enlargement mode. More specifically, a speed at which the document D is
transported to each of the reading stations 20, 21 in the standard mode is made a
reference speed. In the reduction mode, the support cylinders 5, 6 and the resist
rollers or the like are controlled so as to increase rotating speeds thereof based
on the reduction magnification and thereby the document D is transported to each of
the reading stations 20, 21 at a higher speed. On the contrary, in the enlargement
mode, the support cylinders 5, 6 and the resist rollers or the like are controlled
so as to decrease rotating speeds thereof based on the enlargement magnification and
thereby the document D is transported to each of the reading stations 20, 21 at a
lower speed.
[0073] In the case where the copying mode (B) is selected and the documents D are copied
from the bottommost placed one, the controlling operation defers depending on whether
the number of the documents D is odd or even. Accordingly, before the copying operation
is effected in the set copying mode, a counting operation for the documents D is effected
so mode, a counting operation for the documents D is effected so as to determine whether
the number of the documents D is odd or even. In this embodiment, the counting operation
is effected automatically by the recirculating document feeding apparatus 1.
[0074] More specifically, the documents D to be copied stacked in the document placing member
2 are sequentially fed through the transporting path to the support cylinder 5, the
document inverting means 8, and the support cylinder 6 while the resist rollers 19a,
19b, and 59a, 59b are employed merely for transporting the documents D. Subsequently,
the documents are returned to the placing member 2 by means of the transporting belt
11. In this way, all the documents D stacked in the placing member 2 are circulated
through the transporting course. The documents D can be counted by any one of the
optical sensors S2 to S6 disposed in the vicinity of the transporting course. The
sensor S1 detects that all the documents D have circulated the transporting course
thereof.
[0075] Since only the number of the documents D is counted in the counting operation, the
documents D transported to the reading stations 20, 21 by way of the support cylinders
5, 6 are not to be exposed and read by the exposure means 149. That is to say, the
documents D are merely to be transported without the copying operation. In such a
mere transportation of the documents D, a fastest possible operation is desired irrespective
of set copying magnification.
[0076] In this embodiment, the maximum transporting speed of the document D in the transporting
course thereof is higher than the speed at which the copying operation at the minimum
copying magnification is effected in the reduction mode. Accordingly, the support
cylinders 5, 6 and the resist rollers or the like are controllably rotated based on
the maximum transporting speed in the counting operation.
[0077] The documents D are transported without being copied in the counting operation at
a high speed, hence the time required to effect the counting operation can be remarkably
reduced. As a result, the time required to obtain the duplex copies from the simplex
documents D (simplex -> duplex mode) after being placed in the placing member 2 can
be remarkably reduced.
[0078] Further, such a counting operation as described above can be preferably embodied
to count the number of the documents beforehand in a mode wherein a sheet of blank
recording paper is inserted to between two desired sheets of a plurality of copied
ones, or a blank paper inserting mode, other than a (simplex -> duplex) mode. More
specifically, in the blank paper inserting mode, the necessary information, for example,
the information indicative of between the n page and n+1 page, is inputted through
the use of a keyed control panel and thereby the blank sheet of recording paper is
discharged without being copied in the copying operation processing portion every
desired number of the recording paper to be laid between the copied papers.
[0079] Fig. 3 is a flow chart describing the counting operation of the invention. A program
shown in Fig. 3 is executed when various copying modes are selected through the use
of the control panel provided on the main body 100 of the copying machine. At Step
n1, it is determined whether a document counting mode is selected in response to the
copying mode inputted through the use of the control panel. If the document counting
mode is not selected, i.e. the (duplex ->duplex) mode, (simplex -> simplex) mode,
or the like is selected, this routine proceeds to Step n2 in which the copying operation
is effected by transporting the document D at a transporting speed in accordance with
the selected copying magnification to the reading stations 20, 21 to be exposed and
read.
[0080] On the other hand, in the case where the document counting mode is selected at Step
n1, i.e. the (simplex-duplex) mode, blank paper inserting mode, or the like is selected,
the document counting mode is effected. Then, this routine proceeds to Step n3 in
which the counting operation is started by transporting the documents D at maximum
transporting speed higher than the transporting speed in accordance with the minimum
copying magnification in the reduction mode. At Step n4, it is determined whether
all the documents D placed in the placing member 2 have been circulated through the
transporting course thereof. In other words, it is determined whether the counting
operation has been completed. Consequently, this routine proceeds to Step n2 in which
the copying operation is effected by transporting the documents D to the reading stations
20, 21 to be exposed and read.
[0081] Since the documents D are transported at a high speed without being copied in the
counting operation, the time required to effect the counting operation can be remarkably
reduced.
[0082] Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing an electric construction of a controlling device
for controlling the main body 100 of the copying machine and the document feeding
apparatus 1. Motors M1, M2, M3, ...for driving the transporting rollers and the support
cylinders and the like are connected to a motor driving circuit 170. Clutches CLT1,
CLT2, CLT3,... for synchronizing transport of the document D in the feeding apparatus
1 and transport of the recording paper P in the main body 100 of the copying machine
with each other are connected to a clutch driving circuit 171. Solenoids SOL1, SOL2,
...for actuating the direction switching claws 31, 35, ... in the transporting paths
are connected to a solenoid driving circuit 172.
[0083] These driving circuits 170 to 172 are connected to a interface circuit 178 along
with a DC power source 173, sensors S1, S2, S3,...for detecting transporting state
of the document D and the recording paper P, an optical system driving circuit 174,
input control keys 176 on the control panel 175 disposed on the main body 100 of the
copying machine, and a display driving circuit 177 for driving a display device on
the control panel 175.
[0084] The interface circuit 178 is connected to a processing circuit 179 controllable by
a microcomputer or the like, and adopted for sending sensor signals from the sensors
to the processing circuit 179 and control signals from the processing circuit 179
to each of various driving circuits 170, 171, 172, 174, and 177. To the processing
circuit 179 are connected a read only memory (ROM) 180 and a random access memory
(RAM) 181. The processing circuit 179 controls the copying operation in accordance
with a program for control prerecorded in the memory 180. The memory 181 serves as
a calculation region for a counter, timer, and flag necessary for controlling the
copying operation.
[0085] Further, the interface circuit 178 moves the exposure means 149 through the optical
system driving circuit 174 and controls on/off or lighting level of the light source
150 in the reading station 20, 21, and 105. Moreover, the interface circuit 178 sends
a signal from the input control keys 176 on the control panel 175 to the processing
circuit 179. The interface circuit 178 causes the display means 182 disposed on the
control panel 175 to display the information representative of progress of the copying
operation through the display driving circuit 177. With the use of a portion of the
input control keys 176, the copying magnification can be selected.
[0086] Furthermore, the interface circuit 178 has selection switches SSW1 to SSW4 for selecting
the copying mode connected thereto as a part of the control panel 175. The selectable
copying operation includes a (simplex ->simplex) mode, (simplex -> duplex) mode, (duplex
-> simplex) mode, and (duplex -> duplex) mode.
[0087] The processing circuit 179 used as controlling means controls rotating speed of the
motors M3 to M6 on the basis of the copying magnification set by input control keys
176 for driving the respective support cylinders 5, 6 and the respective transporting
rollers for transporting the document D in the recirculating document feeding apparatus
1. The processing circuit 179 determines whether the counting operation is required
based on the copying operafion selected by the selection switches SSW1 to SSW4. In
the case where the counting operation is required, the processing circuit 179 causes
the motors M3 to M6 to drive at rotating speed in accordance with the maximum transporting
speed, thereby reducing the time required for transporting the document D in the counting
operation.
[0088] Since control of transporting speed of the document in the counting operation may
be rough compared with that in the copying operation, transportation of the document
at high speed can be effected without providing a new speed controlling circuit.
[0089] Fig. 5 is a plan view showing one portion of a construction including the input control
keys 176 and displaying means 182 on the control panel 175. The control panel 175
comprises numerical keys 183 for setting the number of the copies, a clear key 184,
a mode selection key 185 for setting the copying mode, an ADF key 186 actuated in
the case where the document is fixedly copied while being movingly scanned by the
optical system, a print switch 187 for instructing a start of the copying operation,
a display portion 188 for setting the number of copies, a display portion 189 for
displaying the number of sets of copies having been made, copying mode indicator 190
to 193 for the recirculating document feeding apparatus 1, an ADF indicator 194 for
indicating that fixedly set documents are exposingly read while the optical system
is driven to scan them, a copying magnification display portion 195, and a magnification
selection key 196 for selecting the copying magnification.
[0090] These copying mode indicators 190 to 193 indicate the (simplex -> simplex) mode,
(simplex -> duplex) mode, (duplex -> simplex) mode, (duplex ->duplex) mode)respectively.
Each time the selection key 185 is pressed once, a light emitting element is lit,
for example, from the above to the below and the corresponding copying mode is selected.
After the bottommost indicator, the uppermost indicator is lit. In an initial state,
the uppermost indicator is lit, and thereafter the desired copying mode is selected.
The number of sets of copies are set by pressing the numerical key 183 and displayed
in the display portion 188 by, for example a plurality of seven segment display devices.
[0091] The copying operation without the use of the feeding apparatus 1, i.e., in the case
where, for example, a bound book is copied, the ADF indicator 194 is lit when the
ADF key 186 is pressed, and such a copying mode is selected in which the exposure
means 149 is driven to scan the document placed in the third reading station 105 so
as to be exposed and read. The operator can select the desired copying magnification
by selecting any one of the standard mode, enlargement mode, and reduction mode by
means of the magnification selection key 196 in the desired copying mode. The selected
copying magnification is displayed on the copying magnification display portion 195.
[0092] When the print switch 187 is pressed, the copying operation is started and the number
of sets having been copied is sequentially displayed in the display portion 189. When
the number of sets of copies displayed in the display portion 189 agrees with that
displayed in the display portion 188, the copying operation is stopped and the set
number of copies automatically returns to "0". The number of copies remains to be
displayed in the display portion 189, for example, until the print switch 187 is pressed
next.
[0093] As described above, according to the invention, in the case where a counting operation
is effected by transporting documents D without being copied in a recirculating document
feeding apparatus 1 such as in a (simplex -> duplex) mode, the transporting speed
of the documents D is set higher than the transporting speed in accordance with the
minimum copying magnification. Accordingly, the counting operation is effected at
high speed regardless of the selected copying magnification, thereby reducing the
time required for the counting operation. More specifically, the time required for
recording paper P to be discharged after the document D is placed in a document placing
member 2 can be remarkably reduced, thereby improving operability of the copying machine.
[0094] In this embodiment, in the case where the document is transported without being copied,
support cylinders 5, 6 and transporting rollers disposed only in the periphery of
the support cylinders are controlled to be driven at maximum rotating speeds. However,
it may be also appropriate that all the transporting rollers for transporting the
document D disposed in the recirculating document feeding apparatus 1 be controlled
to be driven at high rotating speeds in case of transportation of the document D without
the copying operation.
[0095] Although this embodiment is described with reference to a transfer-type electrostatic
copying machine, the invention is not limited to use in the transfer-type electrostatic
copying machine. The invention may be embodied in a copying machine in which recording
paper having a photosensitive surface on one side thereof is used, or other apparatus.
[0096] The invention may be embodied in other specific forms. The present embodiments are
therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the
scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims.