Tubing cutting tool

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a tubing cutting tool, and in the preferred embodiment provides a cutting tool suitable for use in an oil or gas well or the like.

[0002] In drilling and operating an oil or gas well it is occasionally necessary to cut tubing located within the well, for example one of the elements of a tubing string located within the well or the casing of the well. The tubing cutting tool of the present invention is particularly suitable for cutting a tubing string located within a well, but the invention may be embodied in forms suitable for cutting other tubular elements whether or not forming part of an oil or gas well installation.

[0003] International patent application WO-A-8810393 discloses a tube cutting tool comprising a fluid powered rotary motor having a body and a rotary output member. Means are provided for locking the body to a tubing to be cut. A rotary cutter connected to the rotary output member of the motor for rotation therewith, includes at least one pivotable cutting element which is normally located within the tool at a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the tool but is pivotable radially outwardly from its normal position to engage the tubing to be cut. The means for locking the body to the tubing includes a first fluid pressure responsive means for locking the body to the tubing to be cut when the pressure of the motor operating fluid exceeds a first predetermined value. The tool includes a second fluid pressure responsive means operable, in response to the pressure of the motor operating fluid exceeding a second predetermined value, to pivot the or each cutting element radially outwardly from its normal position to engage the tubing to be cut.

[0004] In the tool of WO-A-8810393 the various parts are controlled by controlling the flow of a working fluid, for example compressed air, to the parts by means of a distributor.

[0005] The present invention is characterised in that the fluid flow path for the working fluid incorporates a restriction downstream of the second fluid pressure responsive means whereby an increase in fluid flow rate results in an increase in fluid pressure at both the first fluid pressure responsive means and the second fluid pressure responsive means; the locking means, the rotary motor, the second fluid pressure responsive means and the flow restriction are arranged in serial relationship whereby the working fluid passes through these elements successively; the second predetermined value of pressure of the motor operating fluid is different from the first predetermined value of the pressure of the motor operating fluid.

[0006] With such an arrangement the various functions of the tool are controlled by varying the flow rate of fluid through the tool and the need for the distributor of prior art tools is removed.

[0007] The preferred embodiment of the invention also includes a scraping or milling head which is connected to the rotary output member of the rotary motor and which may be rotated by the rotary motor for the purpose of cleaning the internal surface of the tubing within which the tool is located. In this case, the motor is operated by fluid at a pressure less than the second predetermined pressure with the result that rotation of the motor will cause rotation of the scraping or milling tool, but will not cause the cutting elements to be moved radially outwardly into engagement with the tubing. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the motor may be operated at a pressure less than the first predetermined pressure so that the scraping/milling tool may be rotated as the tool is moved through the tubing. For this purpose it is necessary to restrain the body of the motor against rotation, and this can conveniently be effected by connecting the motor body to a suitable tubing string which is used for the purpose of moving the tool through the tubing to be cleaned and for communicating operating fluid to the motor.

[0008] The invention will be better understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by way of example only, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which schematically illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention and wherein:

Figure 1 is a half-section illustrating an embodiment of the invention located within a length of tubing; and

Figure 2 illustrates in detail a portion of the embodiment of Figure 1.

[0009] Referring to the drawings there is illustrated a tubing cutting tool 1 located within a length of tubing 2, for example a tubing string which itself is located within a well bore The tool 1 comprises a plurality of interconnected subs and is connected at its upper end to a tubing string 3 by means of which the tool may be run through the tubing 2. The central bore 4 of the tubing string is used to carry an operating fluid, for example a mud, to the tool 1.

[0010] The tool 1 comprises a rotary motor 5 which, in use, is driven by the flow of operating fluid therethrough. The body of the motor 5 is connected to an upper sub 6 which has mounted thereon a multiplicity of plungers 7. The plungers 7 are normally biased radially inwardly by suitable springs (not shown) so that the radially outer extremity of the plungers is flush with the surface of the sub 6. The radially inner ends of the plungers 7 are exposed via radial bores 8 to the fluid pressure within the sub 6 so that if the fluid pressure exceeds a first predetermined value the plungers 7 are moved radially outwardly to engage the tubing 2. The radially outer ends of the plungers may be provided with suitable teeth or serrations, and may be hardened. When the plungers 7 are biased radially outwardly into engagement with the tubing 2 the upper sub 6 and the body of the motor 5 are locked against movement relative to the tubing 2.

[0011] The motor 5 includes a rotary output member 9 which is connected to a rotary cutter 10. The rotary cutter 10 is shown in mare detail in Figure 2 and comprises a pair of cutting elements 11,12 which are pivotally mounted on a pin 13 which is secured to the body 14 or the rotary cutter.

[0012] The radially outer extremity of each cutting element 11,12 is suitably protected, e.g. by means of inserts or crushed particles of suitable hardening material, e.g. tungsten carbide or cubic boron nitride. In the normal position of the cutting elements (illustrated on the left-hand side of Figure 2) the cutting elements are located such that the radially outermost extremity of each cutting element is located within the body 14 of the rotary cutter. Each cutting element may, however, be pivoted to move the cutting edge thereof radially outwardly to engage the internal surface 15 of the tubing within which the tool is located. The radially outwardly extreme position of the cutting element 12 is illustrated on the right-hand side of Figure 2, and in this position the outermost point of the cutting element will have cut through the wall of the tubing 2.

[0013] For the purpose of shifting the cutter elements 11,12 between the extreme positions described above a fluid pressure responsive device is provided in the form of a piston 16 working in a cylinder 17. Seals 18,19 are provided between the piston 16 and the cylinder 17 and the piston is normally biased upwardly to the position illustrated on the right-hand half of Figure 2 by a spring 20. Further upward movement of the piston 16 is prevented by a spring clip 21 located within a groove in the cylinder wall.

[0014] In use, operating fluid exiting from the motor 5 is communicated through the central bore of the tool to the chamber 22 defined within the cylinder 17 above the piston 16. This fluid pressure acts downwardly on the piston 16. Fluid may leave the chamber 22 via passages 23 and may then flow through an annular passage 24 formed between the cylinder 17 and the body 14 to passages 25 located below the level of the cutting elements 11,12. The passages 23,25 provide a restriction to the flow of fluid whereby the pressure within the charger 22 increases as flow rate of working fluid increases. Seals 26,27 are located between the cylinder 17 and the body 14 of the rotary cutter.

[0015] The rotary cutter 10 is connected by a sub 28 to a scraping or milling tool 29 having an outside diameter 30 substantially corresponding to the internal diameter of the tubing 2.

[0016] In use, the tool 1 is run through the tubing 2 by means of a suitable tubing string. If it is desired to clean the internal surface 15 of the tubing a suitable working fluid, for example a mud, is pumped through the string to which the tool 1 is connected to flow through the motor 5 at a predetermined rate This predetermined rate is sufficient to operate the motor and thereby rotate the rotary cutter 10 and with it the scraping/milling tool 30 to clean the interior surface of the tubing.

[0017] If it is desired to cut the tubing 2 the tool is located at a suitable position and the flow rate off working fluid is increased. The increased flow rate causes the motor to operate at a faster speed and, due to the flow restriction provided by the motor itself and the passages 23,25 causes the fluid pressure within the tool to increase both upstream and downstream of the motor. The increased fluid pressure upstream of the motor is communicated via the passages 8 to the plungers 7, causing the plungers to move radially outwardly to grip the tubing to fix the motor body relative to the tubing The fluid pressure downstream of the motor 5 operates within the chamber 22 to bias the piston 16 downwardly and thereby move the cutters 11,12 radially outwardly to engage the internal wall of the tubing. Since the entire rotary cutter is rotating the cutting elements will cut the tubing and will be held in engagement with the tubing as cutting proceeds by the piston 16. When the cut has been completed the piston 16 will be in the extreme lower position illustrated on the left-hand side of Figure 2. Flow of operating fluid may then be stopped allowing the piston 16 to return to its uppermost position, thereby allowing the cutters 11,12 to return to their radially inner position. The plungers 7 will also return to their retracted position under the influence of the associated springs. The tool may then be moved to a fresh location for a further cutting operation, or may be used in the cleaning mode described above.

[0018] It will be appreciated that the tool described above may perform either a tube cleaning operation or a tube cutting operation, or a combination of these operations. The tool is relatively simple in construction and does not require withdrawal from the tubing for resetting after each cut has been made.

[0019] In another embodiment the cylinder 17 may be integral with the body 14 and the chambers 22 and passages 23,25 bored accordingly. Plugs would be fitted to seal the upper end of the passage 24 running the length of the body connecting passages 23 and 25.

Claims

1. A tubing cutting tool (1) comprising a fluid powered rotary motor (5) having a body and a rotary output member (9); means (7) for locking the body to the tubing (2) to be cut; a rotary cutter (10) connected to the rotary output member of the motor for rotation therewith, the rotary cutter having at least one pivotable cutting element (11) which is normally located within the tool at a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the tool and is pivotable radially outwardly from its normal position to engage the tubing to be cut; said means (7) for locking the body to the tubing being a first fluid pressure responsive means for locking the body to the tubing to be cut when the pressure of the motor operating fluid exceeds a first predetermined value; and said tool further comprising second fluid pressure responsive means (16) operable, in response to the pressure of the motor operating fluid exceeding a second predetermined value, to pivot the or each cutting element radially outwardly from its normal position to engage the tubing to be cut; characterised in that the fluid flow path for the motor operating fluid incorporates a restriction (23, 25) downstream of said second fluid pressure responsive means whereby an increase in fluid flow rate results in an increase in fluid pressure at both said first fluid pressure responsive means and said second fluid pressure responsive means; in that said locking means (7), said rotary motor (5), said second fluid pressure responsive means (16) and said flow restriction (23, 25) are arranged in serial relationship whereby the driving fluid passes through all these elements successively; and in that said second predetermined value of the pressure of the motor operating fluid is different to said first predetermined value of the pressure of the motor operating fluid.

2. A tool according to claim 1, wherein the rotary cutter has a cutter body (14) and the or each cutting element is pivotally mounted on a pin (13) secured to the cutter body.

3. A tool according to any preceding claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first fluid pressure responsive means comprises a plurality of radially operable, spring-biased plungers.

4. A tool according to any preceding claim, wherein the second fluid pressure responsive means comprises a spring-biased piston.

5. A tool according to claim 4, wherein the piston is longitudinally operable, in response to the pressure of the motor operating fluid exceeding the second predetermined value, to pivot the or each cutting element radially outwardly from its normal position to engage the tubing to be cut.

6. A tool according to any preceding claim, further comprising a scraping or milling head (29) connected to the rotary output member of the rotary motor and rotatable by the rotary motor for the purpose of cleaning the internal surface of the tubing within which the tool is located.

7. A tool according to claim 6, further comprising means for operating the motor at a fluid pressure less than the second predetermined pressure to cause rotation of the scraping or milling head, such that rotation of the motor at this operating pressure will not cause the or each cutting element to be moved radially outwardly into engagement with the tubing.

8. A tool according to claim 6 or claim 7, further comprising means for operating the motor at a fluid pressure less than the first predetermined pressure to rotate the scraping/milling head as the tool is moved through the tubing.

Ansprüche

1. Rohrleitungsschneidvorrichtung (1), die einen fluidgetriebenen Drehmotor (5) mit einem Körper und einem Drehausgangselement (9) umfaßt; eine Einrichtung (7) zum Arretieren des Körpers an der zu schneidenden Rohrleitung (2); einen Drehschneider (10), der mit dem Drehausgangselement des Motors verbunden ist und sich damit dreht, wobei der Drehschneider wenigstens ein schwenkbares Schneidelement (11) aufweist, das sich normalerweise innerhalb der Vorrichtung in einem ersten radialen Abstand zu der Längsachse der Vorrichtung befindet und aus seiner normalen Stellung radial nach außen geschwenkt werden kann, so daß es mit der zu schneidenden Rohrleitung in Kontakt kommt; wobei die Einrichtung (7) zum Arretieren des Körpers an der Rohrleitung eine erste auf Fluiddruck ansprechende Einrichtung ist, die den Körper an der zu schneidenden Rohrleitung arretiert, wenn der Druck des den Motor betreibenden Fluids einen ersten vorgegebenen Wert übersteigt; und wobei die Vorrichtung des weiteren eine zweite auf Fluiddruck ansprechende Einrichtung (16) umfaßt, die in Reaktion darauf, daß der Druck des den Motor betreibenden Fluids einen zweiten vorgegebenen Wert übersteigt, das oder jedes Schneidelement aus seiner normalen Stellung radial nach außen schwenkt, so daß es mit der zu schneidenden Rohrleitung in Kontakt kommt; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fluidflußweg für das den Motor betreibende Fluid eine Verengung (23, 25) unterhalb der zweiten auf Fluiddruck ansprechenden Einrichtung einschließt, wodurch eine Zunahme der Fluiddurchflußgeschwindigkeit zu einer Zunahme des Fluiddrucks sowohl an der ersten auf Fluiddruck ansprechenden Einrichtung als auch an der zweiten auf Fluiddruck ansprechenden Einrichtung führt; dadurch, daß die Arretiereinrichtung (7), der Drehmotor (5), die zweite auf Fluiddruck ansprechende Einrichtung (16) und die Durchflußverengung (23, 25) in Reihe angeordnet sind, wodurch das Antriebsfluid alle diese Elemente nacheinander passiert; und dadurch, daß der zweite vorgegebene Wert des Drucks des den Motor betreibenden Fluids sich von dem ersten vorgegebenen Wert des Drucks des den Motor betreibenden Fluids unterscheidet.

2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Drehschneider einen Schneidkörper (14) aufweist und das oder jedes Schneidelement schwenkbar an einem Zapfen (13) angebracht ist, der an dem Schneidkörper befestigt ist.

3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die erste auf Fluiddruck ansprechende Einrichtung eine Vielzahl von radial zu betätigenden, federgespannten Stößein umfaßt.

4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite auf Fluiddruck ansprechende Einrichtung einen federgespannten Kolben umfaßt.

5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Kolben in Längsrichtung betätigt werden kann und in Reaktion darauf, daß der Druck des den Motor betreibenden Fluids den zweiten vorgegebenen Wert übersteigt, das oder jedes Schneidelement aus seiner normalen Stellung radial nach außen schwenkt, so daß es mit der zu schneidenden Rohrleitung in Kontakt kommt.

6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, die des weiteren einen Schab- oder Fräskopf (29) umfaßt, der mit dem Drehausgangselement des Drehmotors verbunden ist und durch den Drehmotor gedreht werden kann, um die Innenfläche der Rohrleitung zu reinigen, in der sich die Vorrichtung befindet.

7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, die des weiteren eine Einrichtung zum Betreiben des Motors bei einem Fluiddruck umfaßt, der niedriger ist als der zweite vorgegebene Druck, um Drehung des Schab- oder Fräskopfes zu bewirken, so daß Drehung des Motors bei diesem Betriebsdruck nicht dazu führt, daß das oder jedes Schneidelement radial nach außen in Kontakt mit der Rohrleitung bewegt wird.

8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 7, die des weiteren eine Einrichtung zum Betreiben des Motors bei einem Fluiddruck umfaßt, der niedriger ist als der erste vorgebene Druck, um den Schab-/Fräskopf zu drehen, wenn die Vorrichtung durch die Rohrleitung bewegt wird.

Revendications

1. Outil de coupe (1) de tubes, comprenant un moteur rotatif (5) à entraînement par fluide comportant un corps et un organe de sortie rotatif (9), des moyens (7) pour verrouiller le corps sur le tubage (2) qui doit être coupé ; un organe de coupe rotatif (10) raccordé à l'organe de sortie rotatif du moteur afin de tourner avec celui-ci, l'organe de coupe rotatif possédant au moins un élément de coupe pivotant (11) qui est normalement situé à l'intérieur' de l'outil à une première distance radiale de l'axe longitudinal de l'outil et qui peut être pivoté radialement vers l'extérieur depuis sa position normale afin d'engager le tubage qui doit être coupé ; lesdits moyens (7) pour verrouiller le corps sur le tubage étant constitués par des premiers moyens qui réagissent à la pression afin de verrouiller le corps sur le tubage qui doit être coupé lorsque la pression du fluide d'entraînement du moteur dépasse une première valeur prédéterminée ; et ledit outil comprenant en outre des seconds moyens réagissant à la pression (16) dont la fonction, en réponse au fait que la pression du fluide d'entraînement du moteur dépasse une seconde valeur prédéterminée, est de faire pivoter l'élément de coupe, ou chaque élément de coupe, radialement vers l'extérieur depuis sa position normale afin d'engager le tubage qui doit être coupé ; caractérisé en ce que le trajet d'écoulement du fluide pour le fluide d'entraînement du moteur comprend une restriction (23, 25) en aval desdits seconds moyens réagissant à la pression, grâce à quoi une augmentation du débit du fluide a pour résultat une augmentation de la pression du fluide à la fois au niveau desdits premiers moyens réagissant à la pression et desdits seconds moyens réagissant à la pression; en ce que lesdits moyens de verrouillage (7), ledit moteur rotatif (5), lesdits seconds moyens réagissant à la pression (16) et ladite restriction d'écoulement (23, 25) sont agencés en série, grâce à quoi le fluide moteur passe à travers tous ces éléments en succession ; et en ce que ladite seconde valeur prédéterminée de la pression du fluide d'entraînement du moteur est différente de ladite première valeur prédéterminée de la pression du fluide d'entraînement du moteur.

2. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'organe de coupe rotatif comporte un corps de coupe (14), et en ce que l'élément de coupe, ou chaque élément de coupe, est monté en pivotement sur une broche (13) fixée sur le corps de coupe.

3. Outil selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel les premiers moyens réagissant à la pression comprennent une pluralité de plongeurs à action radiale, repoussés par des ressorts.

4. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les seconds moyens réagissant à la pression comprennent un piston sollicité par un ressort.

5. Outil selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le piston peut être actionné longitudinalement, en réponse au fait que la pression du fluide d'entraînement du moteur dépasse la seconde valeur prédéterminée, pour faire pivoter l'élément de coupe, ou chaque élément de coupe, radialement vers l'extérieur depuis sa position normale afin d'engager le tubage qui doit être coupé.

6. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant en outre une tête de raclage ou de broyage (29) raccordée à l'organe de sortie rotatif du moteur rotatif et pouvant être mise en rotation par le moteur rotatif dans le but de nettoyer la surface intérieure du tubage à l'intérieur duquel l'outil est situé.

7. Outil selon la revendication 6, comprenant en outre des moyens pour faire fonctionner le moteur à une pression de fluide inférieure à la seconde pression prédéterminée, afin de provoquer la rotation de la tête de raclage ou de broyage, de telle sorte que la rotation du moteur à cette pression de fonctionnement n'amènera pas l'élément de coupe, ou chaque élément de coupe, à être déplacé radialement vers l'extérieur en engagement avec le tubage.

8. Outil selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 6 et 7, comprenant en outre des moyens pour faire fonctionner le moteur à une pression de fluide inférieure à la première pression prédéterminée, afin de faire tourner la tête de raclage/broyage tandis que l'outil est déplacé à travers le tubage.

Drawing