BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to folding furniture and, in particular, to folding
furniture which does not utilize hinges.
[0002] The size of furniture is an appreciable factor in the cost of furniture delivered
to a consumer because of its effect on the costs involved in packaging, shipping and
storing of the furniture. In an effort to reduce such costs, resort has been had to
furniture requiring at least some assembly by the consumer. Consumers frequently have
a distaste for even "easy to assemble" labelled furniture because of the challenge
to their mechanical skills and ability to follow instructions, the time involved in
assembly, and the possibility of losing unassembled pieces. Finally, the sad fact
is that the "assembled" product, when designed to be assembled by a layman, is often
less appealing than was pictured, e.g., on the front of the package or than preassembled
furniture.
[0003] Many of the same economies of packaging, shipping and storage can in suitable instances
be achieved by "folding" furniture -- that is, furniture in which the various components
are already assembled (i.e., secured together), and merely have to be unfolded or
pivoted relative to the other components in order to achieve the desired "unfolded"
or "erected" orientation for the final product (without the use of tools). Such folding
furniture typically relies to a large degree on hinges. However, hinges are frequently
unsightly and, when exposed, suggest inexpensive "homemade", "assembled" or "folding"
furniture rather than more costly preassembled furniture which is sold in an erect
state.
[0004] Additionally, the presence of hinges can impair the functionality of the "folding"
furniture. For example, in a folding bookcase the side pieces of the bookcase may
be secured to the back piece of the bookcase by hinges so that the side pieces can
be folded parallel to the back piece (with the pivotable shelves in a raised vertical
orientation) for compact shipment and storage, yet pivoted outwardly until perpendicular
to the back piece (with the shelves dropped to a horizontal orientation) for normal
"erected" use. In order to conceal the hinges, they are typically situated such that
the presence of books in the erected bookcase conceals them from view. However in
such positions, they typically bear against and/or otherwise interfere with placement
of the first and last books (that is, the leftmost and rightmost books) on a shelf.
Except in the most expensive folding bookcases, where recesses are provided in the
back piece and side pieces for receipt of the arms of the hinge (and any screws connecting
the hinge arms to the front or back pieces), the hinge arms typically extend into
the space designed for occupancy by books and thus reduce the book-storing capacity
of the bookcase. Squeezing in a book, either at the rightmost or leftmost end of the
shelf, may result in damage to the cover and/or even the pages of the squeezed-in
book.
[0005] Accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide "folding furniture" which
does not utilize hinges.
[0006] Another object is to provide such folding furniture in the form of a storage unit
(e.g., a bookcase) wherein in a preferred embodiment the side pieces are pivotable
over 90 degrees relative to the back piece without reducing the storage space (e.g.,
shelf space available for books.)
[0007] A further object is to provide such folding furniture which in a preferred embodiment
appears like preassembled furniture purchased in the erect state.
[0008] It is another object of the present invention to provide such folding furniture which
in a preferred embodiment is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and erect.
[0009] It is a further object of the present invention to provide such folding furniture
which in a preferred embodiment can be readily modified, yet utilizes the same primary
components.
[0010] It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such folding furniture
which in a preferred embodiment is durable for shipping in the folded state.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It has now been found that the above and related objects of the present invention
are obtained in a hingeless folding article of furniture such as a bookcase or other
storage unit.
[0012] In its conventional aspects the folding article comprises a vertically extending
back piece, at least one vertically extending side piece secured to the back piece,
and a vertically spaced plurality of shelves secured to the back piece. Each side
piece is pivotable over a 90° angle relative to the back piece between a parallel
or collapsed orientation and a perpendicular or use orientation, and each shelf is
pivotable over a 90° angle relative to the back piece between a parallel or collapsed
vertical orientation and a perpendicular or use horizontal orientation. In its novel
aspects, the side piece and the back piece are secured together without a hinge.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment, one of the side piece and the back piece defines a vertically
spaced plurality of lugs, each lug defining an aperture therethrough. The other of
the side piece and the back piece defines a vertically spaced plurality of slits,
each of the slits being disposed, configured and dimensioned to receive a respective
one of the lugs with the lug aperture in the slit. The article additionally defines
at least one pivot member, each pivot member having a body extending vertically through
the aperture of a respective one of the lugs and a pair of opposed ends journalled
into the other of the side piece and the back piece above and below the respective
one lug aperture. Preferably the article defines a vertically spaced plurality of
the pivot members, each pivot member extending vertically through a respective one
of the lug apertures and being journalled into the other of the side piece and the
back piece above and below the respective one lug aperture.
[0014] More particularly, in the preferred embodiment the back piece comprises a horizontally
spaced pair of vertically extending T-shaped side bars and means connecting the side
bars. Each side bar defines in cross section a transverse member and an inwardly extending
flange forming a pair of internal corners, One of the internal corners is occupied
in part by the connecting means, and the other of the internal corners is occupied
in part by an edge of the side piece without blocking pivotal movement of the side
piece edge over a 90° angle.
[0015] Preferably a front of an uppermost of the shelves is pivotable upwardly such that,
when the article is in a collapsed orientation with the uppermost shelf intermediate
the back piece and the side piece, the uppermost shelf, the back piece and the side
piece define tops at a common level.
[0016] Preferably the back piece has a horizontally spaced pair of lateral ends, and the
article has a pair of side pieces, each side piece being secured to a respective lateral
end of the back piece.
[0017] The article is preferably in the form of a bookcase or other storage unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0018] The above and related objects, features and advantages of the present invention will
be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of the
presently preferred, albeit illustrative, embodiments of the present invention when
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bookcase according to the present invention in a
partially folded orientation;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the bookcase in a fully erected orientation;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, partially exploded perspective view of the connection between
the T-bar of the back piece and a side piece, a shelf and a connecting means; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary assembly perspective view thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0019] Referring now to the drawing, and in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 thereof, therein
illustrated is an article of folding furniture according to the present invention,
generally designated by the reference numeral 10. The article 10, as illustrated,
is a bookcase having as its principal components: a back piece generally designated
12, at least one vertically extending side piece generally designated 14, and a vertically
spaced plurality of shelves generally designated 16. As illustrated, there are a pair
of side pieces 14, each side piece 14 being secured to a respective lateral end 20
of the back piece 12 such that the side piece 14 is pivotable over a 90° angle (and
typically over a 180° angle) relative to the back piece 12 between the parallel or
collapsed orientation illustrated in FIG. 1 for the left side piece 14 and the perpendicular
or use orientation illustrated in FIG. 2 for both side pieces 14. As illustrated,
there are two shelves 16, each shelf 16 being secured to the back piece 12 intermediate
the lateral ends thereof such that it is pivotable over at least a 90° angle (and
typically over a 180° angle) relative to the back piece between the parallel or collapsed
vertical orientation illustrated in FIG. 1 and the perpendicular or use horizontal
orientation illustrated in FIG. 2. In the normal use orientation of the bookcase 10,
the back piece 12 and side pieces 14 extend vertically while the shelves 16 extend
substantially horizontally. Shelves 16 are preferably vertically spaced when in dither
the horizontal orientation or the vertical orientation.
[0020] The three principal components 12, 14 and 16 are formed of a substantially rigid,
inflexible material such as wood, whether natural or synthetic and whether veneered
or not.
[0021] As is customary in folding bookcases, when the bookcase is in the erected use orientation,
the side pieces 14 define inward projections 22 and the bottom surfaces of the shelves
16 define recesses 24 adjacent the front thereof configured and dimensioned to receive
the sidewall projections 22 at least partially therein, so that the shelves 16 are
supported in the horizontal use orientation by the side piece projections 22 at the
front thereof and the pins 25 (see FIG. 3) pivotally joining each end of the back
of each shelf 16 to the back piece 12.
[0022] The bottom surfaces of the shelves 16 also define recesses 26 adjacent the rear thereof
configured and dimensioned to receive the side wall projection 22 at least partially
therein, so that the rear recesses 26 receive the forward projections 22 when the
shelves 16 are in the vertical storage orientation and the side pieces 14 have been
pivoted until they are parallel with the back piece 12. The ability of the forward
projections 22 of the side pieces 14 to engage the front recesses 24 to support the
pivotable shelves 16 when the bookcase 10 is in the erected or use orientation and
to be received within the rear recesses 26 when the bookcase 10 is in the collapsed
or storage orientation is conventional and hence need not be described herein in any
further detail. The use of pins 25 to pivotally mount the shelves 16 on the back piece
12 is also conventional.
[0023] It is a novel and critical feature of the present invention that the side piece 14
(or side pieces 14 as the case may be) and the back piece 12 are secured together
without a hinge. Accordingly, the bookcase 10 appears to be an ordinary article of
furniture, purchased in an erected state, since there is no unsightly hinge. Further,
as there is no hinge present, the end books on each shelf 16 may be removed or inserted
without any damage to the cover or pages thereof, as might occur if the book were
being squeezed into an end portion of a shelf adjacent to a hinge.
[0024] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4 as well, as illustrated the back piece 12 comprises
a horizontally spaced pair of vertically extending T-shaped side bars 30 (hereinafter
"T-bars") and means 32 connecting the T-bars 30. Each T-bar 30 defines in cross section
a transverse member 34 (extending between the front and rear of the collapsed bookcase
10) and an inwardly extending flange 36. The flanges 36 of the two T-bars 30 face
one another and are separated by the shelves 16 pivotally secured thereto. In cooperation,
each transverse member 34 and its inwardly extending flange 36 define a pair of internal
corners 38, 40. The back internal corner 38 is occupied in part by one end of the
connecting means 32, and the front internal corner 40 is occupied in part by an edge
of a side piece 14.
[0025] Preferably there are a plurality of vertically spaced connecting means 32 in the
form of separate rectangles or flat bars. Each end of each connecting means 32 is
secured -- for example, by a screw 42 (see FIG. 3) -- to a back internal corner 38,
the end being rectangular in cross section and sitting within an internal right angle
corner 38 to form a rigid joint therewith. The number of vertically spaced apart connecting
means 32 used to connect the two T-bars 30 will depend, of course, upon the height
of the bookcase 10. Typically, there are at least two connecting means, one adjacent
the top of the bookcase and one adjacent the bottom, however a single connecting means
can constitute the entire back of the bookcase. The connecting means can be of any
width.
[0026] By way of contrast to the fixed, rigid joint between the connecting means 32 and
the T-bar 30 in the back internal corner 38, the end of the side piece 14 sitting
within the front internal corner 40 must be able to pivot over a 90° angle. To this
goal, the end of the side piece 14 sitting within the front internal corner 40 (and
for aesthetic reasons the opposite end as well) is preferably rounded. In order to
form the pivotable joint at the front internal corner 40, the T-bar 30 defines a vertically
spaced pair of lugs 50, each lug 50 defining an aperture 52 extending vertically therethrough.
The end of the side piece 14 which is to fit within that front internal corner 40
defines a vertically spaced pair of slits 54, each slit 54 being disposed, configured
and dimensioned to receive a respective one of the lugs 50, with the lug aperture
52 within the slit 54. Preferably, one of the vertically spaced pair of slits 54 is
positioned adjacent the top of the bookcase 10 and the other slit 54 adjacent to the
bottom of the bookcase 10, with the lugs 50 being vertically spaced such that the
top lug 50 fits into the top slit 54 and the bottom lug 50 fits into the bottom slit
54.
[0027] While in the embodiment illustrated there are only a vertically spaced pair of lugs
50 and a vertically spaced pair of slits 54, it will be appreciated that, again depending
upon the height of the bookcase 10 and the desired strength of the back piece/side
piece joint 12/14, there may be three or more vertically spaced lugs and a corresponding
number of vertically slits in each front internal corner 40. The number of slits and
lugs is not necessarily related to the number of shelves 16 or connecting means 32.
[0028] Each article 10 additionally defines at least one pivot member 60 having a body 62
and a pair of opposed ends 64 connected by the body 62. Each pivot member body 62
extends vertically through the aperture 52 of a respective one of the lugs 50. While
the body 62 may be cylindrical, it is optionally lightly threaded (and one end 64
provided with a screw head) for reasons having to do with a preferred manufacturing
process for the article 10. The opposed ends 64 of each pivot member 60 are journalled
into the back piece 12 above and below the respective lug aperture 52 occupied by
the body 62. As the pivot member 60 joins a back piece lug 50 and a side piece slit
54, there is typically one pivot member 60 for each lug/slit assembly 50/54. Naturally
each slit 54 is of sufficient depth to enable pivotable movement of the lug 50 relative
to the slit 54, and the lug 50 is dimensioned so that the adjacent edge of the side
piece 14 is sufficiently spaced from the walls of the front internal corner 40 to
enable limited pivotal movement of the side piece 14 relative to the back piece 12
over at least 90° and preferably over 180°. The pivot members 60 and pins 25 are preferably
formed of metal for strength and durability.
[0029] Each T-bar 30 is an assembly of a unitarily formed transverse member 34 and flange
36, on the one hand, and a plurality of separately formed lugs 50, on the other hand.
A groove or recess is formed through the flange 36 and partially into the adjacent
face of the transverse member 34 so that the lug 50 may be suitably fitted therein
and glued thereto, with one end of the lug occupying the back internal corner 38 and
the other end of the lug occupying the front internal corner 40. As the forces acting
on the lug 50 in the erected article 10 are primarily vertical in direction, this
typically suffices to maintain the lug 50 in place on the T-bar 30. The lug aperture
52 is, of course, pre-formed in the end of the lug 50 to be situated in the front
internal corner 40 and, optionally, also in the end thereof adapted to be situated
in the back internal corner 38. While the T-bar 30 has been described as an assembly
of a transverse member and a plurality of lugs, it is anticipated that it may be possible
to form the T-bar and lugs integrally.
[0030] The pivot member 60 is preferably in the form of a screw which has been driven from
the top or bottom of the side piece 14, through an adjacent slit 54 and into a portion
of the side piece 14 on the other side of the slit 54. Thus the body 62 of the pivot
member 60 is disposed within a slit 54, while the ends 64 of the pivot member 60 are
journalled within the side piece 14 to either side of the slit 54. For the purposes
of the present invention, the "journalling" of the pivot member end 64 in a side piece
may or may not leave the pivot member 60 rotatable relative to the side piece 14.
Thus an appropriate cavity for pivot member 60 could be created by machining the side
piece edge, from the top or bottom of the side piece, through the slit 54 adjacent
thereto, and into a portion of the side piece 14 on the other side of the slit 54.
Once the cavity has been machined, a cylindrical pivot member may be inserted into
the cavity such that it extends to both sides of the slit 54. The portion of the cavity
extending to the top or bottom of the side piece 14 may then be filled in to maintain
the pivot member 60 within the cavity. The pivot member may be fixed or rotatable
within the cavity.
[0031] Where the side pieces 14 are particularly heavy or a particularly strong side piece/back
piece joint is required, each end of the connecting means 32 may define a pair of
slits 54 and the T-bar 30 may define a pair of lugs 50 adapted to be engaged by such
slits.
[0032] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the lugs 50 may be formed
in the T-bar 30 and that the slits 54 may be formed in the side piece 14 by means
which will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art as well as those described
herein.
[0033] It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the lugs 50 may be
formed in the side piece 14 and the slits 54 may be formed in the T-bar 30 without
departing from the principles of the present invention. Thus, in order to render the
side piece pivotable relative to the back piece 12, it is only necessary for one of
the side piece 14 and back piece 12 to define a vertically spaced plurality of lugs
50 and the other of the side piece 14 and the back piece 12 to define a vertically
spaced plurality of slits 54, with the ends of the pivot member 60 being journalled
into the other of the side piece 14 and the back piece 12.
[0034] The only screws or nails 42 required for construction of the bookcase 10 are those
which secure the connecting means 32 to the T-bars 30 and these are driven in from
the back of the bookcase 10 so as not to be visible from the front or sides thereof.
[0035] The shelves 16 are dimensioned and vertically spaced so that, when each shelf is
in the upright storage or collapsed vertical orientation, the top of the topmost shelf
16, the top of the back piece 12 (at least the top of the T-bars 30 thereof) and the
top of the side pieces 14 are all at a common level, as shown in FIG. 1. Thus, when
the bookcase is in the collapsed or storage orientation, any impact to the top thereof
is distributed over the various components, thus minimizing the resultant damage from
the impact.
[0036] While the present invention has been described in terms of a back piece 12 wherein
the connecting means 32 are rigidly and non-pivotably secured to the back internal
corner, for special applications it may be desirable that the connecting means 32,
like the side pieces 14, be pivotally secured to the T-bar 30 such that a side piece
14 is pivotally secured in one internal corner and a connecting means 32 is pivotally
secured in the adjacent internal corner. To that end, the adjacent edge of the connecting
means is preferably rounded and provided with a slit to receive the lug 50 of the
internal corner. Additionally, a pivot member 60 extends through the slit (and hence
through the lug aperture), the ends of the Pivot member being journalled in the connecting
means.
[0037] The T-bar 30 of the present invention finds utility in many applications. For example,
still in the context of a bookcase, where it is desired that the side pieces 14 not
extend more than the width of the bookcase in the collapsed orientation, two half-size
side pieces may be employed with a T-bar 30 therebetween to replace each full size
side piece 14. The adjacent edges of the two half-size side pieces enter the two internal
corners of the T-bar 30 and are pivotally secured to the T-bar therebetween such that
the two half-size side pieces are movable between orientations parallel to one another
and in a straight line.
[0038] To summarize, the present invention provides folding furniture which does not utilize
hinges and may be in the form of a bookcase wherein the side pieces are pivotable
over a 90° angle relative to the back piece without reducing the shelf space available
for the books. The folding furniture appears to have been purchased in the erected
state, yet is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and erect and durable in both
the folded and the erected orientations.
[0039] Now that the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described
in detail, various modifications and improvements thereon will become readily apparent
to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the present invention
is to be construed broadly and limited only the appended claims, and not by the foregoing
specification.
1. In a folding article of furniture comprising:
(A) a vertically extending back piece;
(B) at least one vertically extending side piece secured to said back piece and pivotable
over a 90° angle relative to said back piece between a parallel or collapsed orientation
and a perpendicular or use orientation; and
(C) a vertically spaced plurality of shelves, each shelf being secured to said back
piece and pivotable over a 90° angle relative to said back piece between a parallel
or collapsed vertical orientation and a perpendicular or use horizontal orientation;
the improvement wherein
said side piece and said back piece are secured together without a hinge.
2. The article of Claim 1 wherein
one of said side piece and said back piece defines a vertically spaced plurality of
lugs, each said lug defining an aperture therethrough;
the other of said side piece and said back piece defines a vertically spaced plurality
of slits, each said slit being disposed, configured and dimensioned to receive a respective
one of said lugs with said lug aperture in said slit; and
said article additionally defines at least one pivot member, each said pivot member
having a body extending vertically through the aperture of a respective one of said
lugs and a pair of opposed ends journalled into said other of said side piece and
said back piece above and below said respective one lug aperture.
3. The article of Claim 2 wherein said article defines a vertically spaced plurality
of said pivot members, each pivot member extending vertically through a respective
one of said lug apertures and being journalled into said other of said side piece
and said back piece above and below said respective one lug aperture.
4. The article of Claim 2 wherein said back piece comprises a horizontally spaced pair
of vertically extending T-shaped side bars and means connecting said side bars, each
said side bar defining in cross section a transverse member and an inwardly extending
flange forming a pair of internal corners, one of said internal corners being occupied
in part by said connecting means and the other of said internal corners being occupied
in part by an edge of said side piece without blocking pivotal movement of said side
piece edge over a 90° angle.
5. The article of Claim 1 wherein said back piece comprises a horizontally connected
pair of vertically extending T-shaped side bars.
6. The article of Claim 1 wherein a front of an uppermost of said shelves is pivotable
upwardly such that, when said article is in a collapsed orientation with said uppermost
shelf intermediate said back piece and said side piece, said uppermost shelf, said
back piece and said side piece define tops at a common level.
7. The article of Claim 1 wherein said back piece has a horizontally spaced, pair of
lateral ends, and said article has a pair of said side pieces, each said side piece
being secured to a respective lateral end of said back piece.
8. The article of Claim 1 in the form of a bookcase.
9. In a folding bookcase comprising:
(A) a vertically extending back piece having a horizontally spaced pair of lateral
ends;
(B) a pair of vertically extending side pieces, each side piece being secured to a
respective lateral end of said back piece and pivotable over a 90° angle relative
to said back piece between a parallel or collapsed orientation and a perpendicular
or use orientation; and
(C) a vertically spaced plurality of shelves, each shelf being secured to said back
piece and pivotable over a 90° angle relative to said back piece between a parallel
or collapsed vertical orientation and a perpendicular or use horizontal orientation;
the improvement wherein
(a) said back piece and each said side pieces are secured together without a hinge;
one of said back piece and a respective side piece defines a vertically spaced plurality
of lugs, each lug defining an aperture therethrough;
the other of said back piece and said respective side piece defines a vertically spaced
plurality of slits, each said slit being disposed, configured and dimensioned to receive
a respective one of said lugs with said lug aperture in said slit; and
said article additionally defines a vertically spaced plurality of pivot members,
each pivot member having a body extending vertically through the aperture of a respective
one of said lugs and a pair of opposed ends journalled into said other of said back
piece and said respective side piece above and below said respective one lug aperture;
and
(b) said back piece includes a horizontally spaced pair of vertically extending T-shaped
side bars and means connecting said side bars, each said side bar defining in cross
section a transverse member and an inwardly extending flange forming a pair of internal
corners, one of said internal corners being occupied in part by said connecting means
and the other of said internal corners being occupied in part by an edge of one of
said side pieces without blocking pivotal movement of said one side piece edge over
a 90° angle; and
(c) a front of an uppermost of said shelves is pivotable upwardly such that, when
said article is in a collapsed orientation with said uppermost shelf intermediate
said back piece and said side pieces, said uppermost shelf, said back piece and said
side pieces define tops at a common level.
10. In a folding article of furniture comprising:
(A) a vertically extending back piece; and
(B) a horizontally aligned, vertically extending side piece secured to said back piece
and pivotable horizontally over a 90° angle relative to said back piece between a
parallel or collapsed orientation and a perpendicular or use orientation;
the improvement wherein
said side piece and said back piece are secured together without a hinge.
11. The article of Claim 10 wherein
one of said side piece and said back piece defines a vertically spaced plurality of
lugs, each said lug defining an aperture therethrough;
the other of said side piece and said back piece defines a vertically spaced plurality
of slits, each said slit being disposed, configured and dimensioned to receive a respective
one of said lugs with said lug aperture in said slit; and
said article additionally defines at beast one pivot member, each said pivot member
having a body extending vertically through the aperture of a respective one of said
lugs and a pair of opposed ends journalled into said other of said side piece and
said back piece above and below said respective one lug aperture.
12. The article of Claim 10 additionally including a vertically spaced plurality of shelves,
each shelf being secured to said back piece and pivotable over a 90° angle relative
to said back piece between a parallel or collapsed vertical orientation and a perpendicular
or use horizontal orientation.