[0001] The present invention relates to toilet soap bars, particularly to mild toilet soap
bars comprising blends of soap with one or more coactives.
[0002] For very many years soap bars have been manufactured from fats by conversion of triglyceride
components of fats into fatty acids and the formation of these 'soaps' into bars.
[0003] Traditionally, the most important fats used in soap manufacture have been tallow
(a palmatic/stearic fat rendered from animal carcasses) and coconut oil (a lauric
fat). For the purposes of this specification the words 'oil' and 'fat' are considered
interchangeable except where the context demands otherwise. The use of other palmitic/stearic
fats such as palm oil and alternative lauric fats such as palm kernel, babassu or
macauba oil is known.
[0004] In general the longer chain fatty acid soaps, particularly the less expensive C16
and C18 soaps (as obtained from tallow and palm oil) provide structure in the finished
soap bars and prevent or retard disintegration of the soap bar on exposure to water.
The more expensive, shorter chain, lauric fat-derived, ie. lauric acid and other soluble
soaps (as obtained from coconut and palm kernel oil) contribute the lathering properties
of the overall composition. A general problem in the formulation of bar soaps has
been that of finding a balance between providing structure (as obtained from the cheaper
component) and maintaining lathering properties (as obtained from the more costly
component) at a practical overall cost.
[0005] The fatty acid chain length distribution of a range of soap components is given below:
[0006] From the table it can be seen that the coconut and palm kernel fats (together known
as the lauric fats) are particularly rich in the C10-C14 saturated fatty acids, particularly
fatty acid residues derived from lauric acid itself. For convenience these fats containing
saturated, relatively short chain fatty acids will be referred to hereinafter as the
lauric fats. This definition includes the palm kernel, babassu or macauba oils as
mentioned above. In contrast, tallow and palm oil
per se are an industrial source of non-lauric fats, especially those containing C16 and
C18 fatty acid residues: both saturated and unsaturated residues being present in
almost equal quantities. The C16 and C18 fatty acids, together with the longer chain
fatty acid are referred to herein as nonlauric fats.
[0007] A standard measure of the degree of saturation of a fatty acid residue, or more usually
of a blend of fats or fatty acids, is the so-called iodine value. The iodine value
of a fatty acid residue is determined by the ability of the residue to bind iodine
expressed in Mole%. Iodine binds to unsaturated fatty acids in proportion to the extent
of the unsaturation and does not bind to saturated fats. Consequently, saturated fats
have low iodine values, mono unsaturated fats bind around 100 Mole % iodine and have
iodine values ('IV') of around 100. In contrast di-unsaturated fats bind around 200
Mole % and have iodine values approaching 200. The 63rd Edition of the CRC Handbook
(CRC Press) gives the iodine value of beef tallow as 49.5, and for coconut oil gives
an iodine value of 10.4.
[0008] In typical commercial formulations, soap bars contain from 90-50% fatty acid soaps
obtained from tallow (ie. non-lauric fats) and 10-50% of fatty acid soaps obtained
from coconut (ie. lauric fats). In particular, in countries where tallow is acceptable
to consumers, most commercial soap formulations comprise 80% tallow and 20% coconut
oil. In countries where tallow is unacceptable other oils and fats, such as palm oil,
replace tallow.
[0009] From WO 84/04929 it is known to formulate soap sticks, soap masses formulated in
moulds or applicators, comprising alkali metal soap or C
12-C
18 fatty acids, C
2-C
4 polyhydric alcohols and/or polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight up to 10,000,
conventional toilet soap additives and water. These are formed by forming a melt of
the components of the composition which is then poured into a mould or applicator.
[0010] The conventional 'toilet-bar' soap making process is well documented in the literature.
In outline the process is as follows. In conventional 'wet' soap making, fats, ie.
tallow and coconut oil blends, are saponified in the presence of an alkali (typically
NaOH) to yield fatty acids as alkaline soaps and glycerol. The glycerol is extracted
with brine to give a dilute fatty acid soap solution containing around 70% soap and
30% aqueous phase. This soap solution is dried, typically by heating in heat exchangers
to circa 130°C and drying under vacuum, to a water content of around 12%, and finished
by milling, plodding and stamping into bars.
[0011] A principal drawback of compositions containing fatty acid soap is
harshness, a property which is determined by a number of tests as will be elaborated upon hereafter.
Known solutions to the problem of harshness include reduction of the level of soap
present and replacement of the balance of the composition by so-called co-actives.
A recognised problem engendered by the presence of co-actives is a loss of product
structure in the resulting soap bars.
[0012] In order to overcome the problem of loss of structure soap bars which comprise co-actives
have been manufactured by a process which increase the cost of the eventual products.
Several such processes are known.
[0013] GB 2182343-A (Procter & Gamble) discloses toilet soaps comprising a fatty acid soap,
a synthetic surfactant co-active and a water soluble polymer. In order to reduce the
softening effect of the co-active it is necessary for some of the soap to be present
in the so-called beta-crystalline phase and crystallisation in this phase can only
be achieved by the application of high shear (ie. energetic working) in an additional
processing step after the drying step and prior to finishing.
[0014] EP 363215 (Colgate) discloses the production of toilet soap bars from soap and an
ethoxylated surfactant co-active. This soap composition needs to be dried to below
a critical 5%wt moisture content in order to harden the material sufficiently for
processing into bar form using conventional soap making/forming equipment. This drying
step requires additional equipment in the form of batch drying trays to be used prior
to soap finishing.
[0015] EP 311343 (Procter & Gamble) discloses the combined use of a beta-crystalline phase,
an ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant co-active and a water soluble polymer. As described
above, these compositional modifications require modification of the soap processing
line to provide for the energetic working needed to form the beta-crystalline phase.
[0016] It can be seen from the foregoing that each of the known, alternative processes for
the production of soap bars containing co-actives require the provision of further
processing apparatus, particularly in the form of drying and/or energetic working
apparatus and the additional processing step which makes use of this apparatus prior
to soap finishing. In order to use conventional soap production lines without substantial
modification, a need exists for a soap bar composition which avoids the necessity
of these additional steps and yet provides a product with reduced harshness while
maintaining lathering and structural properties.
[0017] The present invention provides such a composition and subsists in the use of relatively
more highly saturated long chain soaps, ie. relatively less unsaturated long chain
soaps than in conventional soap compositions. It is believed that the removal of soluble
non-lauric fatty acid soaps is particularly advantageous in improving the soap-structuring
properties to an extent such that higher levels of co-actives than are conventionally
used may be incorporated in the soap composition without the need for special processing.
[0018] The present invention provides a soap bar comprising a dried soap blend containing:
a) at least 25%wt on total actives of lauric acid soaps,
b) as the balance of the soaps, non-lauric soaps having an iodine value of less than
45, and,
c) at least 5%wt on total actives of one or more synergistic mildness active;
and which is finished to form said bar.
[0019] As mentioned above, lauric acid soaps promote lathering and are characterised by
a fatty acid composition containing a high proportion, particularly 65-80% on fatty
acid content, of C10-C14 saturated acids. In the context of the present invention
suitable sources of lauric fatty acids include:- coconut oil/fatty acid, palm kernel
oil/fatty acid, babassu oil/fatty acid, macauba oil/fatty acid and mixtures thereof.
The fats and fatty acids derived from coconut are preferred due to availability.
[0020] Suitable non-lauric soaps are those rich in saturated fatty acids having a chain
length greater than C14. Sources of such fatty acids include animal fats/fatty acids,
eg. tallow and lard and the fatty acid derived therefrom, and also vegetable derived
oils, particularly fats/fatty acids rich in palmitic and stearic acid such as palm
oils and fractions thereof. Where fatty acids are derived from oil-sources yielding
fatty acids with a high degree of unsaturation, such as soya bean oil, sunflower oil,
rice bran oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oils, ground nut oil, marine oils and the like,
the oil stocks are preferably hardened or fractionated to yield partially or fully
hardened fatty acid mixtures and or stearines. The fats and fatty acids derived from
tallow are preferred except where nut-oil or other vegetable substitutes are employed
for cultural reasons.
[0021] The preferred upper limit of the lauric acid soaps is about 60%, for reasons of economy.
[0022] In preferred embodiments of the invention the iodine value of the non-lauric soaps
ranges from 10 to 45, is more preferably 20 to 40, and most preferably in the range
25 to 40. For conventional soap blends of tallow and coconut oil the iodine value
of the non-lauric soaps is measured at around 48 (similar to the quoted value for
pure tallow), it can therefore be seen that the non-lauric fats of the compositions
of the present invention are, in general, more saturated than those employed in conventional
soap making.
[0023] While single oils and or fatty acids derived therefrom may be employed in soap components
of the formulations according to the invention the use of mixtures or two or more
oils and/or fatty acid compositions is not hereby excluded and, in practice, will
be more commonplace.
[0024] As mentioned above, in compositions according to the present invention the ratio
of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the non-lauric soaps has been shifted in
favour of the saturated fatty acids. This can be accomplished by the addition of saturates
to the soap blend or the removal or unsaturates. It is particularly preferable that
a relative increase in the level of saturates is accomplished by the removal of oleic
soaps. The oleics are the soluble C18:1 (oleic) and C18:2 (linoleic) soaps in tallow
and palm and removal of these increases the overall saturate content.
[0025] Overall for the soaps, the iodine value of the soap blend will be less than 35 taking
into account both lauric and non-lauric components.
[0026] In particular embodiments of the present invention the composition further comprises
at least one synthetic anionic active at a level of not more than 20%wt, preferably
at a level of not more than 10%wt, most preferably at a level of not more than 6%wt
on the total active content of product.
[0027] In embodiments of the present invention the overall soluble active inventory should
be in the range 50-70%wt, based on a normalised total active content of 100%wt and
classing saturated soaps with a carbon chain length of less than 16, unsaturated soaps,
synthetic anionic actives and synergistic mildness actives within the soluble active
component inventory.
[0028] Preferably, the synergistic mildness active is selected from the group consisting
of non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof. The synergistic
mildness active should be present at a level of at least 5%wt of the total active
level. Particularly useful compositions comprise 5-25%wt, preferably 8-20%wt, more
preferably 9-18%wt of synergistic mildness active on total actives.
[0029] Suitable non-ionic surfactants include:- polyethoxylated alcohols, polyethoxylated
alkyl phenols, alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan esters, polysorbates, alkanolamides,
poloxamers, and mixtures thereof. Preferred amongst the non-ionic surfactants are
polyethoxylated alcohols, particularly tallow ethoxylates. The preferred tallow ethoxylates
have an average alkyl chain length of 10-20 carbons and an average ethoxylate content
of 3-20 units.
[0030] Suitable amphoteric surfactants include:- amine oxides, aminomides, betaines, amido
betaines and sulphobetaines, and mixtures thereof. Cocoamidpropyl betaines and tegobetaines
are particularly preferred due to their low potential nitrosamine-precursor content.
[0031] As mentioned above the composition preferably comprises one or more synthetic anionic
actives. Suitable synthetic anionic actives include:- alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether
sulphates, alpha-olefin sulphonates, fatty isethionates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates,
mono-alkyl glyceryl sulphates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl taurides, alkyl sulphosuccinates,
alkyl phosphates, and mixtures thereof. Preferred amongst the anionic actives are
sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES), alpha-olefin sulphonates and sodium fatty isethionates.
Sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) is particularly preferred.
[0032] Preferred compositions according to the present invention have a 'lathering ratio'
greater than 0.56, preferably greater than 0.6, more preferably greater than 0.8.
The lathering ratio is defined as the sum of the saturated soaps with carbon chain
lengths less than 16 plus the synthetic anionic actives divided by the sum of the
unsaturated soaps plus the synergistic mildness actives. As noted above, the synergistic
mildness actives can be either non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures
thereof. In consequence for the vast majority of formulations, the lathering ratio
can be written as L/LL where:
[0033] For conventional '80/20' soap formulations based on tallow and coconut oil (free
of synthetic anionic actives, nonionics and amphoterics) the ratio L/LL is about 0.45.
[0034] In embodiments of the present invention the total water content of the soap bar should
be in the range 8-20%wt of the soap bar, preferably 9-17%wt, more preferably 10-16%wt.
The most preferred level of water in the final bar is a normal water content for soap
bars (around 12%) hence conventional driers can be used to achieve this level.
[0035] The salt content of the bars can vary. In practice the salt level will lie between
0 and 1.5%. Some or all of this salt can be residue from the saponification processes
typically employed in soap making, as is known in the art. It is also known that the
level of salt can have some slight influence on the eventual hardness of the product.
This variation modifies the hardness of the soap bars and can be used to control the
final hardness within production limits. It is preferred that the salt content lies
between 0.2-0.8 wt%.
[0036] The most preferred compositions according to the present invention obey all the formulation
rules given above.
[0037] Having regard to process aspects a further aspect of the present invention provides
a process for the manufacture of soap bars from neat soap which comprises the steps
of:
a) preparing a neat soap comprising insoluble non-lauric fatty acid soaps having an
iodine value of less than 45 and lauric fatty acid soaps,
b) combining the product of step (a) with one or more synergistic mildness actives
and drying to obtain a blend comprising at least 5%wt on total actives of synergistic
mildness active, at least 25%wt on total actives of lauric acid soaps and 8-20wt%
moisture, and,
c) finishing the soap without energetic working to obtain soap bars.
[0038] It should be noted that in step (b) drying can precede the combination of ingredients
or can follow the combination of ingredients. A further alternative is that the combination
of ingredients takes place during the drying process, ie. after the completion of
a first drying stage, eg. after the heat exchangers but before the vacuum drying step.
[0039] Conveniently, the finishing step (c) comprises the conventional steps of milling,
plodding and stamping.
[0040] In order that the present invention can be better understood it will be illustrated
hereafter by way of non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLES:
[0041] The following three processing methods were applied in the production of a bar soap
using the formulations given hereafter. The processing applied was essentially conventional
and did not make use of a modified processing line.
[0042] The properties of the final product as regards 'harshness' were assessed using a
test substantially similar to the 'Zein' test as described by E. Gotte in Proceedings
of the IVth International Congress on Surface Active Substances (Brussels (1964)),
[3] pp 83-90 at a 2%wt dilution level.
Example (Process) 1.
[0043] The fat charge was saponified as for conventional soap-making and washed/fitted to
produce a neat soap at >70°C. This material was then dried via conventional flash
vacuum drying equipment, with the synergistic mildness actives being injected into
the process stream prior to passage of the process stream through heat exchangers.
The optional synthetic anionic active(s) were injected into the process stream after
the heat exchangers but prior to the drying chamber. Subsequent processing of the
process stream was via conventional milling/plodding/stamping.
Example (Process) 2.
[0044] The fat charge was saponified as for conventional soap and washed/fitted to produce
a neat soap at >70°C as in the method of process example 1. This material is then
dried via conventional flash drying equipment, with the synergistic mildness actives
and optional synthetic anionic actives being injected at the same time either prior
to or immediately after passage of the process stream through the heat exchangers.
Subsequent processing of the process stream was via the conventional process operations
of milling/plodding/stamping.
Example (Process) 3.
[0045] The fat charge was saponified as for conventional soap and washed/fitted to produce
a neat soap at >70°C as in example 1. The synergistic mildness agent(s) were added
directly to this neat soap to produce a pumpable mix. The optional synthetic anionic
active(s) were injected into this mix either before or after the heat exchangers and
prior to a conventional drying step as in process example 1.
[0046] Using the above-mentioned processes, soap bars were manufactured from the feedstocks
listed below in product examples 1-13 as shown in Table 1 below. All ratios are given
as ratios of wt% on total active. Process example 3 was found to be particularly advantageous
in practice. In addition to the components mentioned below the process was conducted
with conventional levels of further soap ingredients such as water, perfumes and colours.
[0047] Materials employed in the examples are identified as follows:
- Synperonic A7:
- [RTM] Alcohol ethoxylate (ex. ICI) with C13/15 alkyl chain with an average of 7 ethoxylate
units.
- Synperonic A3:
- [RTM] Alcohol ethoxylate (ex. ICI) with C13/15 alkyl chain with an average of 3 ethoxylate
units.
- Synperonic A20:
- [RTM] Alcohol ethoxylate (ex. ICI) with C13/15 alkyl chain with an average of 20 ethoxylate
units.
- Tegobetaine L7:
- Cocoamidopropyl betaine (ex. Goldschmidt)
- EGE:
- Ethyl-6-O-dodecyl glycoside (prepared in house)
- Empilan KM11:
- [RTM] Alcohol ethoxylate (ex. Albright & Wilson) with C16/18 alkyl chain with an average
of 11 ethoxylate units.
- Empilan KM20:
- [RTM] Alcohol ethoxylate (ex. Albright & Wilson) with C16/18 alkyl chain with an average
of 20 ethoxylate units.
- Pluronic PE/P85:
- [RTM] a block co-polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene (ex. BASF).
- SLES
- Genapol [RTM] sodium lauryl ether sulphate (ex Hoechst)
- HT
- Hardened Tallow (made in-house).
[0048] Example 1 is a control example in which conventional soap having a ratio of 80-parts
conventional non-laurics to 20-parts laurics was employed. The iodine value of the
nonlauric component of this blend was 48, a typical value for tallow. It can be seen
that the Zein value of this composition was determined at 0.72. This result is to
be expected of current toilet soap bars. Lower Zein values indicate milder products.
[0049] Examples 2-10 relate to embodiments of the present invention in which hardened tallow
(indicated as 'HT'), a non-ionic surfactant (indicated as 'Non') and coconut oil (indicated
as 'CNO') were employed as the components of the fat charge. It is noted that the
iodine values of the non-lauric fats range from 1-28: this is indicative of the increased
degree of saturation of the non-lauric fats. It can also be seen that the Zein value
of the products prepared with these compositions ranged from 0.50 to 0.58, indicating
a positive benefit as regards reduced harshness. The non-ionic surfactant used in
the examples is Empilan KM20 unless otherwise indicated.
[0050] In examples 11-13, sodium lauryl ethyl sulphate (indicated as 'SLES') a synthetic
anionic, was incorporated into the composition by one of the methods discussed above.
The addition level of SLES varied in the range 6-12% on total active. The presence
of SLES or other synthetic anionics is optional in embodiments of the present invention.
It can be seen that the Zein value of the products prepared with these compositions
ranged from 0.44-0.45 indicating a further benefit as regards reduced harshness.
[0051] In all of the examples 1-13, the resulting soap bars had a hardness similar to that
of conventional soap bars and had similar in-use properties with respect to wear-rate
and mush formation. In the examples 2-13, the soaps exhibited improved creaminess
and a reduced Zien harshness.
[0052] Examples 14-16 illustrate that soap bars according to the present invention can be
manufactured with levels of solubles higher than those found in the control. It will
be noted that the Iodine Value of these compositions (as defined below) is lower than
that of the control and that the Zein value (see example 16) indicates a reduction
in the harshness of the product as compared with the control.
[0053] Examples 17-21 illustrate how soap bars containing SLES can be manufactured with
higher levels of solubles than those found in the control. As with the above-mentioned
embodiments the Zein value (see examples 19-21) indicates a reduction in the harshness
of the product as compared with the control.
[0054] Table 2, as presented below illustrates the present invention by means of comparative
examples in which the soluble soap component inventory as defined above falls in the
range 50-70% wt, ie. the preferred range of the present invention, but the lathering
ratio as defined above are below the preferred lower limit of 0.56. In addition to
the values tabulated in Table 1, lather volumes have been indicated. The non-ionic
detergent employed was Empilan KM20.
[0055] It can be seen from the comparative examples 22-25 presented in Table 3 that compositions
having a low lathering ratio exhibit poor lathering performance, as demonstrated by
the low lather volumes. Examples 14-17 are reproduced in the table with lather performance
indicated. It can be seen that the embodiments of the invention have acceptable lather
volumes, in all cases better than the control.
[0056] Table 3, as present below, provides further examples of the present invention in
which alternative mildness agents have been employed. In all cases it can be seen
that the Zein harshness is improved as compared with a conventional soap bar (example
1).
1. A soap bar comprising a dried soap blend containing:
a) at least 25%wt on total actives of lauric acid soaps;
b) as the balance of the soaps, non-lauric soaps having an iodine value of less than
45;
c) at least 5%wt on total actives of one or more synergistic mildness active; and
which is finished to form said bar.
2. Soap bar according to claim 1 wherein the iodine value of the non-lauric soaps ranges
from 10 to 45.
3. Soap bar according to claim 2 wherein the iodine value of the non-lauric soaps ranges
from 20 to 40.
4. Soap bar according to any of the preceding claims further comprising a synthetic anionic
active at a level of not more than 20%wt, preferably at a level of not more than 10%wt,
most preferably at a level of not more than 6%wt on the total active content of product.
5. Soap bar according to any of the preceding claims wherein the overall soluble active
content is in the range 50-70%wt, based on a normalised total active content of 100%wt
and classing saturated soaps with a carbon chain length of less than 16, unsaturated
soaps, any synthetic anionic actives and said synergistic mildness actives within
the soluble active content.
6. Soap bar according to any of the preceding claims wherein said synergistic mildness
active comprises 5-25%wt, preferably 8-20%wt, more preferably 9-18%wt on total actives.
7. Soap bar according to any of the preceding claims having a lathering ratio greater
than 0.56, preferably greater than 0.6, more preferably greater than 0.8 said lathering
ratio being defined as the sum of the saturated soaps with carbon chain lengths less
than 16 plus any synthetic anionic actives divided by the sum of unsaturated soaps
plus said synergistic mildness actives.
8. Soap bar according to any of the preceding claims having a total water content in
the range 8-20%wt of the soap bar, preferably 9-17%wt, more preferably 10-16%wt.
9. Process for the manufacture of soap bars from neat soap which comprises the steps
of:
a) preparing a neat soap comprising non-lauric fatty acid soaps having an iodine value
of less than 45 and lauric fatty acid soaps,
b) combining the product of step (a) with one or more synergistic mildness actives
and drying to obtain a blend comprising at least 5%wt on total actives of synergistic
mildness active, at least 25%wt on total actives of lauric acid soaps and 8-20wt%
moisture, and,
c) finishing the soap without energetic working to obtain soap bars.
10. Process according to claim 9 wherein the finishing step (c) further comprises the
conventional steps of milling, plodding and stamping.
1. Seifenstück umfassend eine trockene Seifen-Mischung, die:
a) mindestens 25 Gew.-% Laurinsäureseifen, bezogen auf alle aktiven Bestandteile;
b) als Ausgleich der Seifen Nichtlaurinseifen mit einer Iodzahl von weniger als 45;
c) mindestens 5 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer synergistischer die Milde beeinflußender
Bestandteile, bezogen auf alle aktiven Bestandteile,
enthält und die bearbeitet wurde, um das Stück zu formen.
2. Seifenstück nach Anspruch 1, worin die Iodzahl der Nichtlaurinseifen im Bereich von
10 bis 45 liegt.
3. Seifenstück nach Anspruch 2, worin die Iodzahl der Nichtlaurinseifen im Bereich von
20 bis 40 liegt.
4. Seifenstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche weiter umfassend einen synthetischen
anionisch aktiven Bestandteil in einem Anteil von nicht mehr als 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt
in einem Anteil von nicht mehr als 10 Gew.-%, am meisten bevorzugt in einem Anteil
von nicht mehr als 6 Gew.-% bezogen auf den Gesamtgehalt an aktiven Bestandteilen
des Produktes.
5. Seifenstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin der Gesamtgehalt der löslichen
aktiven Bestandteile im Bereich von 50 bis 70 Gew.-% liegt, bezogen auf einen normalisierten
Gesamtgehalt an aktiven Bestandteilen von 100 Gew.-%, wobei die gesättigten Seifen
mit einer Kohlenstoff-Kettenlänge von weniger als 16, die ungesättigten Seifen, alle
synthetischen anionisch aktiven Bestandteile und die synergistischen die Milde beeinflußenden
Bestandteile zu dem Gehalt an löslichen aktiven Bestandteilen gerechnet werden.
6. Seifenstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin das synergistische die
Milde beeinflußende Mittel 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 8 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugter
9 bis 18 Gew.-% bezogen auf alle aktiven Bestandteile bildet.
7. Seifenstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einem Schaumverhältnis von
mehr als 0,56, bevorzugt mehr als 0,6, bevorzugter mehr als 0,8, wobei das Schaumverhältnis
definiert ist als die Summe der gesättigten Seifen mit einer Kohlenstoff-Kettenlänge
von weniger als 16 plus synthetischer anionisch aktiver Bestandteile dividiert durch
die Summe ungesättigter Seifen plus synergistischer die Milde beeinflußender Bestandteile.
8. Seifenstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einem Gesamt-Wassergehaltim
Bereich von 8 bis 20 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Seifenstück, bevorzugt 9 bis 17 Gew.-%,
bevorzugter 10 bis 16 Gew.-%.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Seifenstücken aus reiner Seife, das die Stufen umfaßt,
daß man:
a) eine reine Seife herstellt, die Nichtlaurin-Fettsäureseifen mit einer Iodzahl von
weniger als 45 und Laurin-Fettsäureseifen umfaßt,
b) das Produkt von Stufe (a) mit einem oder mehreren synergistischen die Milde beeinflußenden
Bestandteilen kombiniert und trocknet, um eine Mischung zu erhalten, die mindestens
5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf alle aktiven Bestandteile, an synergistischem die Milde beeinflußendem
Mittel, mindestens 25 Gew.-%, bezogen auf alle aktiven Bestandteile, an Laurinsäureseifen
und 8 bis 20 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit umfaßt und
c) die Seife ohne energetische Verarbeitung fertigstellt, um Seifenstücke zu erhalten.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, worin die Fertigstellungsstufe (c) die üblichen Stufen
des Vermahlens, Strangpressens und Stanzpressens umfaßt.
1. Pain de savon comprenant un mélange de savons séché contenant :
a) au moins 25% en poids par rapport aux actifs totaux de savons d'acide laurique,
b) comme complément des savons, des savons non lauriques ayant un indice d'iode de
moins de 45, et,
c) au moins 5% en poids par rapport aux actifs totaux d'un ou plusieurs actifs de
douceur synergiques ;
qui est apprêté pour former ledit pain.
2. Pain de savon selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'indice d'iode des savons non
lauriques se situe entre 10 et 45.
3. Pain de savon selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'indice d'iode des savons non
lauriques se situe entre 20 et 40.
4. Pain de savon selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en
outre un actif anionique synthétique en une quantité ne dépassant pas 20% en poids,
de préférence en une quantité ne dépassant pas 10% en poids, surtout en une quantité
ne dépassant pas 6% en poids par rapport à la teneur en actif total du produit.
5. Pain de savon selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la
teneur globale en actif soluble est dans la gamme de 50 à 70% en poids, par rapport
à une teneur en actif totale normalisée de 100% et on répertorie des savons saturés
avec une longueur de chaîne de carbone de moins de 16, des savons insaturés, tout
actif anionique synthétique et lesdits actifs de douceur synergiques dans la teneur
en actif soluble.
6. Pain de savon selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
actif de douceur synergique consiste en 5 à 25% en poids, de préférence en 8 à 20%
en poids, mieux en 9 à 18% en poids par rapport aux actifs totaux.
7. Pain de savon selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ayant un rapport
de moussage plus grand que 0,56, de préférence plus grand que 0,6, mieux plus grand
que 0,8, ledit rapport de moussage étant défini comme la somme des savons saturés
avec des longueurs de chaîne de carbone inférieures à 16 plus tout actif anionique
synthétique divisée par la somme des savons insaturés plus lesdits actifs de douceur
synergiques.
8. Pain de savon selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes ayant une teneur
en eau totale dans la gamme de 8 à 20% en poids du pain de savon, de préférence 9
à 17% en poids, mieux de 10 à 16% en poids.
9. Procédé de fabrication de pains de savon à partir de savon pur qui consiste à :
a) préparer un savon pur comprenant des savons d'acides gras non lauriques ayant un
indice d'iode de moins de 45 et des savons d'acides gras lauriques,
b) combiner le produit du stade (a) avec un ou plusieurs actifs de douceur synergiques
et à sécher pour obtenir un mélange comprenant au moins 5% en poids par rapport aux
actifs totaux d'actif de douceur synergique, au moins 25% en poids par rapport aux
actifs totaux de savons d'acide laurique et 8 à 20% en poids d'humidité, et
d) apprêter le savon sans travail énergique pour obtenir des pains de savon.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le stade d'apprêt (c) comprend les stades
classiques de broyage, malaxage et estampage.