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(11) | EP 0 812 140 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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BLAST AND FRAGMENT RESISTANT POLYURETHANE BOOT SOLE FOR SAFETY FOOTWEAR EXPLOSIONS UND ZERSETZUNGSBESTÄNDIGE POLYURETHANSTIFELSOHLE FÜR SICHERHEITSSCHUHE SEMELLE EN POLYURETHANE RESISTANTE AUX DEFLAGRATIONS ET A LA PROJECTION DE FRAGMENTS, POUR CHASSURE DE SECURITE |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to the construction of a boot sole, and more particularly pertains to a new and improved safety boot sole construction to prevent puncturing of the sole by high energy and high velocity projectiles thus affording greater protection to an individual's foot without over-restricting movement.
Description of the Prior Art
[0002] U.S. Patent no. 5,237,758 to Zachman: this uses semi-elliptical sections intersecting at loops with adjacent webs of adjacent loops intersecting with flexible rods directed through the intersecting loops to minimise lateral displacement of adjacent webs.
[0003] U.S. Patent no. 5,285,583 to Aleven: this uses a protective layer composed of plastic and including a flexible forepart portion having an insole board bonded to its bottom surface and a fabric liner bonded to its top surface during the process of moulding the protective plastic layer. The plastic used by Aleven is molten plastic injected in the final bonding process.
[0004] DE-A-4214802, by ZEPF H, to SPORTARTIKELFABRIK UHL GMBH KARL: A multi-layer boot sole having a walking surface, a damping intermediate sole, and an upper insole. The base is a thermo-plastic moulding, or is made of metal, ceramic or graphite, in which multi-filament organic or inorganic reinforcing fibres are embedded in the form of a mat, or woven or knitted into the structure. The elastic profiled portions are formed on the underside of the base by injection moulding or pressing. The base can contain only a single layer of woven fibres, its total thickness being approximately 0.5 mm.
[0005] Aleven achieved strength and impact resistance from a plastic plate in the sole and the use of a fabric mesh was to reinforce the plastic and not to provide impact resistance. ZEPF H, could only achieve a single layer of not more than 0.5 mm thickness of woven fibres through injection moulding or pressing. Aleven made no discussion of metal, ceramic or graphite materials. So far, techniques to use aramid, ceramic, or graphite fibres in the construction of a boot sole in thicknesses to prevent puncturing of the sole by high energy and high velocity projectiles has not been mentioned or made feasible due to problems in rigidity and bonding.
Summary of the Invention
[0007] The boot soles described in the prior art are insufficient against blast and projectile protection when it is desired to conserve toe-to-heel flexion in order to enable running, jumping and to clear obstacles such as rope ladders, rope climbing, small steps, and with sufficient feel or sensitivity to detect edges, pits, and small stones. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a boot sole with good adhesion between the various polyaramid (Kevlar) layers and/or graphite fibre bundles in spite of the poor intrinsic adhesion between the polyaramid fibres, graphite fibres, and the polyurethane. To attain this, the present invention provides a blast and fragment resistant polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane boot sole comprising embedded protective material in which the material is embedded throughout the entire sole and is composed of at least one layer of woven polyaramid (Kevlar), the density of which is less than or equal to 0,51 kg/m2 (15 oz per square yard), the polyaramid (Kevlar) and/or graphite fibres being coated thinly with polyester or polyether based polyurethane prior to weaving of the polyaramid layer. This improves adhesion between the polyaramid and polyurethane material. Increasing density and additional layers of woven polyaramid fibres increases the blast and fragment resistance.
[0008] Due to the extremely thin coating of the various polyaramid (Kevlar) and/or graphite fibre bundles prior to weaving and/or due to the relatively loose or coarse weave of the polyaramid (Kevlar) fibres, the polyurethane is able to penetrate between the fibres, allowing the various layers to be well bonded together, thereby preventing the peeling apart of the sole in subsequent use.
[0009] Also according to the invention, polyester fibres, preferably poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres, can be interwoven with or between the (coated or uncoated) polyaramid (Kevlar) fibres to improve adhesion between the polyaramid and polyurethane material.
[0010] Also according to the invention, carbon graphite fibres can be interwoven with or between the polyaramid (Kevlar) layers to further strengthen and to stiffen the sole.
[0011] Also according to the invention, a woven layer of mineral fibres, notably ceramic fibres or S-glass fibres, can be included into the boot sole to act as a fire wall for protection against hot gasses with temperatures of between 815 and 1,650 degrees Celsius.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0012] The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a boot having a first embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention;
Figure 1-A is an enlarged view of the sole construction of Figure 1;
Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a boot having a second embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention;
Figure 2-A is an enlarged view of the sole construction of Figure 2;
Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a boot having a third embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention;
Figure 3-A is an enlarged view of the sole construction of Figure 3;
Figure 3-B is an enlarged view of an alternative sole construction to that depicted in Figure 3-A;
Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a boot having a fourth embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention;
Figure 4-A is an enlarged view of the sole construction of Figure 4; and
Figure 4-B is an enlarged view of an alternative sole construction to that depicted in Figure 4-A.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
[0013] A boot having a first embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention is generally depicted as 10 in Figures 1 and 1-A.
[0014] The boot 10 has a standard shaped upper portion 11 and a composite sole 13. The composite sole 13 comprises an outer polyurethane sole 14 having a tread 17, an intermediate sole 15 into which is embedded a layer of polyaramid fibres 18, and optionally, an upper sole 16.
[0015] The composite safety boot sole is made in a traditional multi-stage mould which is commonly used in the polyurethane shoe soling industry.
[0016] The polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane is first injected into a composite sole mould cavity to form the outer (lower) sole 14 such that its density is typically in the range of 500 to 2000 kg/m3.
[0017] After removal of the top plate of the mould for the outer (lower) sole, one thick layer of polyaramid (Kevlar) woven fibre material 18 is placed onto the outer (lower) sole 14 which remains in the mould cavity.
[0018] The polyaramid (Kevlar) fibre material being precoated with polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane prior to weaving. The coat of polyurethane serves to facilitate good adhesion with and penetration by polyurethane which is injected into the mould cavity.
[0019] The density of the polyaramid layer 18 is at least 0,17 kg/m2 (5 oz per square yard), preferably 0,51 kg/m2 (15 oz per square yard), for each ply of woven polyaramid material.
[0020] This thick polyaramid layer 18 preferably consists of bundles of polyaramid in crowfoot or leno weave with 70% to 90% in the X to Y direction (that is perpendicular to toe-to-heel), and 10 to 30% in the toe-to-heel direction.
[0021] The thickness of the layer of the polyaramid layer 18 is at least 0,18 cm (0.07 inches), more typically 0,28 cm (0.11 inches), using Kevlar 49 in 7100 dernier bundles with tensile strength of 2,96·108 Pa (43,000 PSI) and modulus 1,31·1011 Pa (19 million PSI) with a 0,18 cm (0.07 inch) diameter polyaramid fibres.
[0022] After placement of the polyaramid layer 18, polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane is injected into the mould cavity containing the outer (lower) sole 14 at the base of the sole to form the intermediate sole 15. The polyurethane after injection into the mould has a typical density of < 1000 kg/m3.
[0023] Due to the penetration of the polyurethane into and through the polyaramid layer 18 good adhesion is achieved between the outer (lower) and sole 14 and intermediate sole 15, with the polyaramid layer 18 sandwiched in between.
[0024] At this stage, the upper portion 11 can be directly attached to the polyurethane composite sole 13 comprising of the outer (lower) and intermediate soles 14, 15 or a third upper sole 16 can be added on top of the intermediate sole for enhanced comfort. In this latter case, the outer (lower) and intermediate soles 14, 15 as described above are left in the mould cavity and polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane is injected into the mould cavity, directly on top of the intermediate sole 15.
[0025] A shoe sole 13 made according to the above method with the preferred 0,51 kg/m2 (15 oz per square yard) polyaramid layer 18 is effective in providing blast and fragment resistance to 60 grain projectile with a velocity of 411 mps (1350 fps). It also conserves good toe-to-heel flexion in order to enable running, jumping and to clear obstacles such as rope ladders, rope climbing and small steps, while avoiding delamination of the sole in subsequent use.
[0026] A boot having a second embodiment of the sole construction according to the present invention is depicted as 20 in Figures 2 and 2-A.
[0027] In this embodiment, where like features have the same reference number as used above, the sole 13 has further layers 18 of polyaramid fibre material incorporated therein.
[0028] As is depicted in Figure 2-A, the outer sole can have up to two layers of polyaramid fibre 18. The intermediate sole 15 would typically have between 2 and 6 layers of polyaramid fibre, with three layers being a typical number as is shown in Figure 2-A.
[0029] To fabricate the sole as depicted in Figures 2 and 2-A, 2 layers of the polyaramid woven layers 18 are placed into the mould cavity which forms the outer (lower) sole 14.
[0030] The polyaramid layers 18 consist preferably of polyaramid fibres being of 0,25 mm (0.01 inch) diameter. The fibres are woven together to form a layer less than 0,15 cm (0.06 inches) thick and, more typically, about 0,10 cm (0.04 inches) thick.
[0031] A polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane is then injected into a composite shoe sole mould cavity to form the outer (lower) sole 14 such that its density is typically in the range of 500 to 2000 kg/m3.
[0032] After removal of the top plate of the mould for the outer (lower) sole 14, a further 2 to 6 layers of the same polyaramid (Kevlar) woven material 18 as embedded into the outer (lower) sole 14 is placed onto the outer (lower) sole 14 which remains in the base of the mould cavity.
[0033] At this stage a polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane is injected into the mould cavity to form the intermediate sole 15 such that the polyurethane has a typical density of < 1000 kg/m3.
[0034] Due to the penetration of the polyurethane into and through the polyaramid layers 18 good adhesion is achieved between the outer (lower) and intermediate soles 14, 15 with the polyaramid layers 18 sandwiched in between.
[0035] At this stage, the upper portion 11 can be directly attached to the polyurethane composite sole 13 comprising of the outer (lower) and intermediate soles 14, 15 or a third, upper polyurethane sole 16 can be included for enhanced comfort. This is achieved by allowing the outer and intermediate soles (made by the process above) to remain in the mould cavity and by injecting polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane onto the intermediate sole 15.
[0036] A shoe sole made according to the above method is even more effective in providing blast and fragment resistance than the first embodiment due to the multiple polyaramid layers.
[0037] In a third embodiment of this invention, the polyaramid layers 18 as described in relation to soles depicted in Figures 1 and 2 are interwoven with polyester (PET) fibres and the boot sole is made in the same manner as described above.
[0038] The use of interwoven polyaramid and polyester (PET) fibres has the advantage of further increasing the adhesion of the polyurethane material to the embedded layer(s) 18. This being due to the intrinsically superior adhesion between polyurethane and polyester.
[0039] In a fourth embodiment of this invention, the polyaramid layers 18 as described in the embodiments above are further interwoven with carbon graphite fibres having 12K TOW and a tensile strength of 3,24·109 Pa (470,000 PSI) and modulus of 2,41·1011 Pa (35 million PSI) with the boot sole 13 being made in the same manner as described above.
[0040] The use of interwoven carbon graphite fibres has the advantage of further increasing strength and stiffness and of improving wear resistance.
[0041] In a further embodiment of the invention depicted generally as 30 in Figures 3 and 3-A boot sole 13 is made as described above except that, in addition, a layer of woven ceramic fibres of composite ceramic/polyaramid fibres 31 are included into the intermediate sole 15.
[0042] The woven ceramic fibre layer is preferably comprised of 0,13 cm diameter ceramic fibres with 70% to 90% of the ceramic fibres being woven into a crowfoot or leno weave in the X-Y direction (perpendicular to the toe-to-heel direction) and with 10% to 30% of ceramic fibres in the toe-to-heel direction. This layer is embedded in the intermediate sole above the polyaramid (Kevlar) layer(s) 18 (see Figure 3-A). In an alternative arrangement, as depicted in Figure 3-B, a thin 0,64 mm, composite layer 32 of ceramic/polyaramid fibres preferably consisting of standard bidirectional weave can be embedded in the upper sole 16.
[0043] The boot sole incorporating this composite layer of ceramic/polyaramid fibres 32 allows for protection against hot gasses, with a temperature resistance of 1,650 degrees Celsius during the very brief duration of the blast.
[0044] In a further embodiment 40 of this invention, a layer of composite S-Glass fibres can be added into the middle or upper sole 14, 15 (see Figures 4, 4-A and 4-B).
[0045] A layer 41 of 0,13 cm (0.05 inch) diameter ceramic fibres, where 70% to 90% of the S-Glass fibres are woven into a crowfoot or leno weave in the X-Y direction (perpendicular to the toe-to-heel direction) and with 10% to 30% of S-Glass fibres in the toe-to-heel direction, is embedded in the intermediate sole above the polyaramid (Kevlar) layer(s) 18 (Figure 4-A). Alternatively, a thinner 0,64 mm layer 42 of S-Glass fibres preferably having a standard bi-directional satin weave can be embedded in the upper sole 16 (Figure 4-B).
[0046] The boot sole 13 incorporating the layer of S-Glass fibres 41, 42 allows for protection against hot gasses with a temperature resistance of 815 degrees Celsius for the very brief duration of the blast.
[0047] As to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention, the same should be apparent from the above disclosure and accordingly no further discussion relative to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention shall be provided.
[0048] With respect to the above description, it is to be realised that the optimum dimensional relationships and materials for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specifications are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.
[0049] Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to falling within the scope of the invention.
1. A blast and fragment resistant polyester or polyether-based polyurethane boot sole
comprising embedded protective material characterised in that the material is embedded
through the entire sole and is composed of at least one layer of woven polyaramid
(Kevlar) fibres, the density of which is less than or equal to 0,51 kg/m2 (15 oz per square yard), the polyaramid fibres being thinly coated with polyester
and/or polyether-based polyurethane prior to weaving of the polyaramid layer.
2. The sole according to claim 1, characterised in that the embedded material consists
of one thick polyaramid (Kevlar) woven layer, the thickness of which is at least 0,18
cm (0.07 inches).
3. The sole of claim 2 wherein the thick polyaramid layer consists of bundles of polyaramid
in crowfoot or leno weave with 70% to 90% in the X-to-Y direction and 10% to 30% in
the toe-to-heel direction.
4. The sole according to claim 1 characterised in that the embedded material includes
at least 3 polyaramid (Kevlar) woven layers, the thickness of each layer being less
than 0,15 cm (0.06 inches), bonded together by the polyurethane material.
5. The sole according to one of the above claims characterised in that the polyaramid
fibres comprising the polyaramid (Kevlar) layers are interwoven with polyester (PET)
fibres.
6. The sole according to any one of the above claims characterised in that the polyaramid
fibres comprising the polyaramid (Kevlar) layers are interwoven with carbon graphite
fibres.
7. The sole according to any one of the claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the embedded
material includes at least one layer of carbon graphite fibres.
8. The sole according to any one of the above claims characterised in that the embedded
materials include at least one layer of mineral fibres.
9. The sole according to claim 8 characterised in that the mineral fibres consist of
ceramic fibres.
10. The sole according to claim 9 characterised in that the mineral fibres consist of
S-Glass fibres.
1. Durchschuß- und splitterfeste Polyurethan-Sicherheitsschuhsohle auf Polyester- oder
Polyether-Basis, aufweisend eingebettetes Schutzmaterial, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Material in der Gesamtheit der Sohle eingebettet ist und sich aus mindestens
einer Lage gewebter Polyaramid(Kevlar)-Fasern zusammensetzt, deren Dichte kleiner
oder gleich 0,51 kg/m2 (15 oz per square yard) ist, wobei die Polyaramid-Fasern vor dem Verflechten der
Polyaramid-Lage mit Polyurethan auf Polyester- und/oder Polyether-Basis dünn beschichtet
sind.
2. Sohle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eingebettete Material aus
einer einlagigen dicken Polyaramid(Kevlar)-Weblage besteht, deren Dicke mindestens
0,18 cm (0,07 inch) beträgt.
3. Sohle nach Anspruch 1, wobei die dicke Polyaramid-Lage aus Bündeln von Polyaramid
in Kreuzkörperbindung ("crowfoot") oder Dreher(Gaze)bindung mit 70 bis 90% in X-Y-Richtung
und 10 bis 30% in Spitze-Hacke-Richtung besteht.
4. Sohle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eingebettete Material mindestens
3 Polyaramid(Kevlar)-Weblagen einschliesst, deren jeweilige Dicke kleiner ist als
0,15 cm (0,06 inch) und die durch das Polyurethan-Material miteinander verklebt sind.
5. Sohle nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyaramid-Fasern,
die die Polyaramid(Kevlar)-Lagen ausmachen, mit Polyester(PET)-Fasern verflochten
sind.
6. Sohle nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyaramid-Fasern,
die die Polyaramid(Kevlar)-Lagen ausmachen, mit Carbon-Graphitfasern verflochten sind.
7. Sohle nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das eingebettete Material mindestens eine Lage Carbon-Graphitfasern einschliessen.
8. Sohle nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eingebetteten
Materialien mindestens eine Lage Mineralfasern einschliessen.
9. Sohle nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mineralfasern aus Keramikfasern
bestehen.
10. Sohle nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mineralfasern aus S-Glasfasern
bestehen.
1. Semelle en polyuréthane à base de polyester ou de polyéther résistante aux déflagrations
et à la projection de fragments, comprenant un matériau protecteur encastré, caractérisée
en ce que le matériau est encastré dans toute la semelle et est composé d'au moins
une couche de fibres polyaramides (Kevlar) tissées dont la densité est inférieure
ou égale à 0,51 kg/m2 (15 once/yard2), les fibres polyaramides étant couvertes d'un mince revêtement de polyuréthane à
base de polyester et/ou polyéther avant le tissage de la couche en polyaramide.
2. Semelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau encastré consiste
en une épaisse couche tissée en polyaramide (Kevlar) dont l'épaisseur est égale au
moins à 0,18 cm (0,07 pouce).
3. Semelle selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'épaisse couche en polyaramide consiste
en des paquets de polyaramide en "patte d'oie" ("crowfoot") ou en armure gaz avec
70% à 90% dans la direction de X vers Y et 10% à 30% dans la direction des orteils
vers le talon.
4. Semelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau encastré inclut
au moins trois couches tissées en polyaramide (Kevlar), l'épaisseur de chaque couche
étant inférieure à 0,15 cm (0,06 pouce), reliées les unes aux autres par le matériau
de polyuréthane.
5. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce
que les fibres polyaramides comprenant les couches en polyaramide (Kevlar) sont entrelacées
avec des fibres de polyester (PET).
6. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce
que les fibres polyaramides comprenant les couches en polyaramide (Kevlar) sont entrelacées
avec des fibres de graphite au carbone.
7. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le
matériau encastré inclut au moins une couche de fibres de graphite au carbone.
8. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce
que les matériaux encastrés incluent au moins une couche de fibres minérales.
9. Semelle selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les fibres minérales sont
des fibres céramiques.
10. Semelle selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les fibres minérales sont
des fibres de verre dit "S-glass".