Transport apparatus

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a transport apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] From US 3,756,563 is known an apparatus for handling objects. The apparatus comprises a guide rail system consisting of guide sections and connected to the fixed structures of a building. A crab carriage is suspended so as to be movable on and guided by the guide rail system. Also is provided a gripping and hoisting device comprising means for gripping the object, a manual control unit comprising a handle and operating switches for controlling the operations of the transport apparatus and a hoist device. The hoist device comprises an elongated, flexible hoisting element and a reel operated by an operating motor for the coiling and decoiling of the hoisting element.

[0003] The object of the invention is to produce an ergonomic transport apparatus which is easy to control, convenient to use and logical in respect of its control functions and which is applicable for transporting heavy upright cylindrical objects, such as gas bottles.

[0004] Another object of the invention is to present a new type of transport apparatus for transporting a body in an upright position from one location to another. The weight of a typical gas bottle to be transported can be of the order of about 100-150 kg. So far, this type of objects, such as gas bottles, have been moved from one place to another by tilting the object and rolling it along the base, supported by its bottom edge. This is a difficult method and cannot be applied if the base has height differences or if the object has to be lifted onto an aerial conveyor, a transfer table or the like.

[0005] The transport apparatus of the invention is characterized by what is presented in claim 1.

[0006] According to the invention, the transport apparatus comprises an elongated upright column frame connected at its upper end to the hoisting element and to which column frame a pair of gripping jaws is connected. The manual control unit comprises a slide frame which is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the column frame and guided by the same and to which slide frame the handle and the operating switches disposed near the handle are connected.

[0007] The manual control unit movable with respect to the column frame can always be kept at an ergonomic constant height regardless of the level of height that the column frame with the load has been raised. The slide frame can be provided with a locking device, e.g. a friction brake or the like, which, when released, allows the slide frame to be adjusted and locked at a desired height on the column frame. In order that the operator need not support the manual control unit by hand during the adjustment, it is possible to provide a lightening device between the slide frame and the column frame.

[0008] For instance a gas bottle always has an elongated cylindrical shape. However, bottles produced by different manufacturers may have different shapes in other respects, e.g. in respect of the shape of the neck. For this reason, it makes sense to grip the gas bottle by its cylindrical part between the gripping jaws, which hold it by the aid of friction, the transport apparatus being thus independent of the shape of the other parts of the gas bottle.

[0009] In an embodiment of the transport apparatus, the gripping and hoisting device comprises a hoist device comprising an elongated, flexible hoisting element, a reel for the coiling and decoiling of the hoisting element, and an elongated upright column frame connected at its upper end to the hoisting element for the raising and lowering of the column frame, the gripping jaws being connected to the lower end of said column frame. The hoisting element preferably consists of a textile belt. A hoist using a textile belt has many advantages over a chain hoist. A belt is somewhat elastic in the hoisting direction, whereas a chain is inelastic. Moreover, a belt is capable of twisting about its longitudinal axis. Because of its elasticity, a belt has the advantage that it does not produce a sudden jerk caused by rapid acceleration at the moment of starting, which would impose a strain on the system, but instead the start takes place softly.

[0010] In an embodiment of the transport apparatus, the crab carriage is freely movable on the guide rail system so that, by pushing/pulling/guiding the transport apparatus by the handles 17, it takes only a light effort to move a cylindrical object pressed between the gripping jaws 8 and raised off the base to a desired location within the operating range of the transport apparatus.

[0011] In an embodiment of the transport apparatus, the operating motor is an alternating-current motor; the control unit comprises a frequency converter for stepless control of the speed of the operating motor; and the operating switches include a potentiometer push button whose analog output signal is used for stepless control of the frequency converter. The potentiometer push button gives the operator a good feel of the lifting operation and a control system is formed between man and machine as the operator continuously receives clear feedback suited for human comprehension about the operation he/she is performing. When the potentiometer push button is only slightly pressed, the hoist works at a low speed. Correspondingly, when the push button is pressed vigorously, the hoist speed is higher. With the frequency converter, it is also possible to implement overload protection by employing an adjustable current limit. The current of the operating motor is monitored, and if it exceeds a preset limit for a given length of time, the current is switched off.

[0012] In an embodiment of the transport apparatus, the control unit comprises a first limit switch which detects the slackening of the hoisting element and, based on the slackening detected, stops the operating motor. The detection of the slackening can be implemented e.g. by using an arrangement where the first limit switch comprises a spring-loaded first follower pressing the hoisting element at a point below the reel and a switch element which is switched on in consequence of a preset displacement of the follower as the hoisting element becomes slack.

[0013] In an embodiment of the transport apparatus, the control unit comprises a second limit switch, designed to detect the amount of hoisting element coiled on the reel and to stop the operating motor based on that amount. The detection of the amount of hoisting element coiled on the reel can be implemented e.g. by using an arrangement where the second limit switch comprises a second switch element, which is switched on as it touches the hoisting element coiled on the reel when the coil reaches a preset size.

[0014] In the following, the invention is described in detail by the aid of embodiment examples by referring to the attached drawing, in which

Fig. 1 and 2 present diagrammatic side views of an embodiment of the transport apparatus of the invention, i.e. a column frame with a pair of gripping jaws and a manual control unit;

Fig. 3 presents section III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 presents a diagrammatic view of a part of an embodiment of the transport apparatus of the invention, i.e. a guide rail system and a crab carriage supported by it, with a hoisting machinery mounted on the guide rail system;

Fig. 5 presents section V-V of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 presents section VI-VI of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 presents a diagrammatic view of the limit switch arrangement in an example embodiment, and

Fig. 8 presents a diagram representing the electric control system of the transport apparatus.

[0015] Fig. 1 shows a transport apparatus for moving an upright gas bottle from one location to another while maintaining its upright position. As shown in Fig. 4, the transport apparatus comprises a guide rail system 4 consisting of guide sections 1, 2, 3, attached to the fixed structures of a building. The guide rail system in this case comprises two parallel first guide sections 1, 2 placed at a distance from each other and secured on the fixed structures of the building. Suspended on the first guide sections 1, 2 are crab carriages 28, 29. The crab carriages 28, 29 are connected to each other by a second guide section 3 transverse to the first guide sections 1, 2, said second guide section again carrying two further crab carriages 5, to which the gripping and hoisting device 6 is connected.

[0016] Further, as shown in Fig. 1, the transport apparatus comprises a gripping and hoisting device 6, which consists of a pair of gripping jaws 8 movable in a horizontal direction by means of a power means 7 and designed to apply a frictional grip on an upright cylindrical object from both sides of it by pressing the object between the gripping jaws 8. In addition, the transport apparatus comprises a control unit 9 for the control of the transport apparatus. The power means 7 may be e.g. a contraction/extension type cylinder, preferably a pneumatic cylinder, because an environment like the place of application of the transport apparatus is usually provided with a pneumatic network. Moreover, a pneumatic cylinder is light in relation to the pressing power it provides. For practical reasons regarding space, the example application has two pneumatic cylinders to produce a high compressive force with a small structure that does not take up much space.

[0017] Fig. 4 shows further that the gripping and hoisting device 6 comprises a hoist 10 using an elongated flexible hoisting element 11. In this case, the hoisting element 11 is a textile belt, which is coiled on a reel 13 rotated by an operating motor 12. By rotating the reel 13, the belt is coiled onto the reel and decoiled from it.

[0018] Referring again to Fig. 1, the upper end of the elongated upright column frame 14 is joined to the belt 11 to enable the column frame to be raised and lowered. The gripping jaws 8 are joined to the lower end of the column frame 14. Disposed between the belt 11 and the column frame is a connecting arm 30, the belt 11 being attached to one end of this arm. The upper end of the column frame 14 is linked to the connecting arm 30 at a distance from the joint of the belt 11. The side of the column frame near its upper end leans against a rubber buffer 31 mounted on the connecting arm 30, so the connecting arm extends in a substantially transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the column frame 14. When a load exerts a downward pull at the column frame 14, it can yield downwards as far as permitted by the elasticity of the rubber buffer. This arrangement together with the use of a textile belt 11 contributes towards achieving a gentle start, reducing the strain imposed on the guide rail system. The connecting arm 30 removes the column frame 14 aside from the vertical line of the belt 11 so that the centre of gravity of the load carried by the gripping jaws is aligned with the vertical line of the belt 11.

[0019] Figures 1, 2 and 5 show a manual control unit 15, by means of which the operator is able to control the functions of the transport apparatus. The manual control unit 15 comprises a slide frame 16 which is movable in the direction of and guided by the column frame 14. Attached to the slide frame 16 are handles 17 to provide a handgrip for the operator. Placed in the immediate vicinity of the handles 17 are a number of operating switches 18-21, which the operator of the transport apparatus can push with a finger. The operating switches may include e.g. switches for producing a lifting movement, a lowering movement, an emergency stop button, a button for operating the gripping jaws, a main switch, etc. The crab carriages 5 are freely movable on the guide rail system 4, so that, by pushing/guiding the transport apparatus by the handles 17, it is possible to move the cylindrical object pressed between the gripping jaws 8 and raised off the base to a desired location.

[0020] The operating motor 12 presented in Fig. 4 and 6 is an alternating-current motor. As can be seen from the simplified control scheme in Fig. 8, the control unit 9 comprises a frequency converter 22 for stepless control of the speed of the operating motor 12. The operating switches 18 - 21 include potentiometer buttons 18, 19 which provide an analog output signal designed to steplessly adjust the frequency of the frequency converter to achieve a stepless lifting/lowering speed.

[0021] As shown in Fig. 4, 6 and 7, the control unit 9 comprises a first limit switch 23, a so-called lower limit, designed to detect the slackening of the hoisting element 8 and, based on the slackening detected, to stop the operating motor 12. The first limit switch 23 can be implemented by using an arrangement where a spring-loaded first follower roller 24 presses the belt 11 below the reel 13 and a switch element 25 is switched on when the follower roller 24 is displaced in consequence of the slackening belt 11 being displaced by a preset amount. Moreover, the control unit has a second limit switch 26, a so-called upper limit, designed to detect the amount of hoisting element coiled on the reel and, based on that amount, to stop the operating motor 12. The limit switch 26 can be implemented by using an arrangement where a second switch element 27 is switched on as it touches the belt 11 coiled on the reel 13 when the belt coil reaches a predetermined dimension. Thus, the upper limit can be easily adjusted by changing the position of the switch element 27 in relation to the circumference of the reel.

[0022] Fig. 5 presents a guide rail system designed to guide the slide frame 16 of the manual control unit 9 in relation to the column frame 14. The column frame 14 is a quadrilateral profiled beam with elongated guide rails 34, 35 of a round cross-section mounted on opposite sides 32, 33 of the profiled beam 14. The slide frame 16 has two wheels 36, 37 rotatably mounted directly opposite to each other, the wheels being provided with grooves to receive the guide rails. Fig. 5 also shows a locking device 38, which in this example is a friction brake which, when released, allows the manual control unit to be moved along the guide rails.

[0023] The invention is not restricted to the embodiment examples presented above, but instead many variations are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

Claims

1. Transport apparatus for moving an upright cylindrical object, such as a gas bottle, in a upright position from one location to another, the transport apparatus comprising

- a guide rail system (4) consisting of guide sections (1, 2, 3) and connected to the fixed structures of a building,

- a crab carriage (5) suspended so as to be movable on and guided by the guide rail system,

- a gripping and hoisting device (6) comprising, a pair of gripping jaws (8) movable in a horizontal direction by means of a power means (7) and designed to grip the upright cylindrical object by a frictional hold from both sides of the object by pressing it between the gripping jaws (8), a manual control unit (15) comprising a handle (17) and a number of operating switches (18-21) for controlling the operations of the transport apparatus, and a hoist device (10) comprising an elongated, flexible hoisting element (11) and a reel (13) operated by an operating motor (12) for the coiling and decoiling of the hoisting element, the apparatus comprises an elongated upright column frame (14) connected at its upper end to the hoisting element (11) and to which column frame (14) the means for gripping the object is connected, characterized in that the manual control unit (15) comprises a slide frame (16) which is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the column frame and guided by the same and to which slide frame the handle (17) and the operating switches (18-21) disposed near the handle are connected.

2. Transport apparatus as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the gripping jaws being connected to the lower end of said column frame (14).

3. Transport apparatus as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the hoisting element (11) is a textile belt.

4. Transport apparatus as defined in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the crab carriage (5) is freely movable on the guide rail system (4) so that, by pushing/guiding the transport apparatus by the handles (17), it is possible to move a cylindrical object pressed between the gripping jaws (8) and raised off the base to a desired location.

5. Transport apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the operating motor (12) is an alternating-current motor; that apparatus comprises a frequency converter (22) for stepless control of the speed of the operating motor; and that the operating switches (18-21) include a potentiometer push button (18, 19) whose analog output signal is used for stepless control of the frequency (18) of the frequency converter to achieve a stepless lifting/lowering speed.

6. Transport apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a first limit switch (23) which detects the slackening of the hoisting element (8) and, based on the slackening detected, stops the operating motor.

7. Transport apparatus as defined in claim 6, characterized in that the first limit switch (23) comprises a spring-loaded first follower (24) pressing the hoisting element (11) at a point below the reel (13) and a switch element (25) which is switched on in consequence of a preset displacement of the follower as the hoisting element becomes slack.

8. Transport apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a second limit switch (26), which detects the amount of hoisting element coiled on the reel (13) and, based on that amount, stops the operating motor.

9. Transport apparatus as defined in claim 8, characterized in that the second limit switch (26) comprises a second switch element (27), which is switched on as it touches the hoisting element (11) coiled on the reel when the coil reaches a preset size.

Ansprüche

1. Transportvorrichtung zum Bewegen eines aufrecht stehenden zylindrischen Gegenstandes, wie beispielsweise einer Gasflasche, in einer senkrecht stehenden Position von einem Ort zum anderen, wobei die Transportvorrichtung umfasst:

ein Führungsschienensystem (4), das aus Führungsabschnitten (1,2,3) besteht und mit den stationären Strukturen eines Gebäudes verbunden ist;

eine Laufkatze (5), die so aufgehängt ist, dass sie sich an dem Führungsschienensystem bewegen und von ihm geführt werden kann,

eine Greif-und-Hebe-Vorrichtung (6), die ein Paar Greifklauen (8) umfasst, die mit einer Antriebsrichtung (7) in einer horizontalen Richtung bewegt werden können, und die den aufrecht stehenden Gegenstand mit Reibungshalt von beiden Seiten des Gegenstandes ergreift, indem sie ihn zwischen den Greifklauen (8) einpresst,

eine Handsteuereinrichtung (15), die einen Griff (17) und eine Reihe von Betätigungsschaltern (18-21) zum Steuern der Funktionen der Transportvorrichtung umfasst, sowie eine Hebevorrichtung (10), die ein längliches flexibles Hebeelement (11) und eine Winde (13) umfasst, die von einem Betätigungsmotor (12) betätigt wird, um das Hebeelement auf- und abzuwickeln, wobei die Vorrichtung ein längliches, aufrecht stehendes Säulengestell (14) umfasst, das an seinem oberen Ende mit dem Hebeelement (11) verbunden ist, und wobei an dem Säulengestell (14) die Einrichtung zum Ergreifen des Gegenstandes angebracht ist,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Handsteuereinheit (15) ein Gleitgestell (16) umfasst, das in der Richtung der Längsachse des Säulengestells bewegt werden kann und von diesem geführt wird, wobei an dem Gleitrahmen der Griff (17) und die Betätigungsschalter (18-21), die in der Nähe des Griffs angeordnet sind, angebracht sind.

2. Transportvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Greifklauen am unteren Ende des Säulengestells (14) angebracht sind.

3. Transportvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebeelement (11) ein Textilband ist.

4. Transportvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Laufkatze (5) an dem Führungsschienensystem (4) frei bewegt werden kann, so dass wenn die Transportvorrichtung mit den Griffen (17) geschoben/geführt wird, ein zylindrischer Gegenstand bewegt werden kann, der zwischen den Greifklauen (8) eingepresst und vom Boden abgehoben ist, an einen gewünschten Ort bewegt werden kann.

5. Transportvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betätigungsmotor (12) ein Wechselstrommotor ist, und dass die Vorrichtung einen Frequenzwandler (22) zum stufenlosen Steuern der Geschwindigkeit des Betätigungsmotors umfasst, und dass die Betätigungsschalter (18-21) einen Potentiometer-Druckknopf (18,19) enthalten, dessen analoges Ausgangssignal zum stufenlosen Steuern der Frequenz (18) des Frequenzwandlers genutzt wird, um eine stufenlose Anhebe/Absenk-Geschwindigkeit zu erreichen.

6. Transportvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung einen ersten Grenzschalter (23) umfasst, der die Lockerung des Hebeelementes (11) erfasst, und auf der Grundlage der erfassten Lockerung die Lockerung den Betätigungsmotor zum Halten bringt.

7. Transportvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Grenzschalter (23) eine erste federgespannte Tastrolle (24) umfasst, die auf das Hebeelement (11) an einem Punkt unterhalb der Winde (13) presst, sowie ein Schaltelement (25), das als Folge einer vorgegebenen Verschiebung der Tastrolle angeschaltet wird, wenn das Hebeelement sich lockert.

8. Transportvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung einen zweiten Grenzschalter (26) umfasst, der die Menge des Hebeelementes, die auf die Winde (13) aufgewickelt ist, erfasst und anhand dieser Menge den Betätigungsmotor zum Halten bringt.

9. Transportvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Grenzschalter (26) ein zweites Schaltelement (27) umfasst, das angeschaltet wird, wenn es mit dem Hebeelement (11) in Kontakt kommt, das auf die Winde aufgewickelt ist, wenn die Wicklung eine vorgegebene Größe erreicht.

Revendications

1. Appareil de transport servant à déplacer, d'un endroit à un autre, un objet cylindrique vertical, tel qu'une bouteille de gaz se tenant en position verticale, l'appareil de transport comprenant :

- un système de rails de guidage (4) constitué de tronçons de guidage (1, 2, 3) et raccordé aux structures fixes d'un bâtiment,

- un chariot roulant (5) suspendu de façon à pouvoir se déplacer sur le système de rails de guidage, et guidé par ce dernier,

- un dispositif de préhension et de levage (6) comprenant une paire de mâchoires de préhension (8) pouvant être déplacées dans une direction horizontale par des moyens moteurs (7), et conçues pour saisir l'objet cylindrique vertical et le maintenir par frottement, par les deux côtés de l'objet, en le pressant entre les mâchoires de préhension (8), une unité de commande manuelle (15) comprenant une poignée (17) et un certain nombre d'interrupteurs d'actionnement (18-21) pour commander les opérations de l'appareil de transport, ainsi qu'un dispositif de levage (10) comprenant un long élément de levage flexible (11) et un enrouleur (13) actionné par un moteur d'actionnement (12) pour enrouler et dérouler l'élément de levage, l'appareil comprenant une longue colonne verticale (14) raccordée à son extrémité supérieure à l'élément de levage (11), et les moyens de préhension de l'objet étant raccordés à cette colonne (14), caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande manuelle (15) comprend un coulisseau (16) qui peut se déplacer dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal de la colonne et qui est guidé par ce dernier, la poignée (17) et les interrupteurs d'actionnement (18-21) disposés à proximité de la poignée étant raccordés à ce coulisseau.

2. Appareil de transport selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les mâchoires de préhension (8) sont raccordées à l'extrémité inférieure de ladite colonne (14).

3. Appareil de transport selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de levage (11) est une courroie en textile.

4. Appareil de transport selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le chariot roulant (5) peut se déplacer librement sur le système de rails de guidage (4), de telle sorte que, lorsqu'on pousse/guide l'appareil de transport à l'aide des poignées (17), il soit possible de déplacer, jusqu'à un endroit souhaité, un objet cylindrique pressé entre les mâchoires de préhension (8) et surélevé par rapport à la base.

5. Appareil de transport selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moteur d'actionnement (12) est un moteur à courant alternatif ; en ce que l'appareil comprend un convertisseur de fréquence (22) permettant de commander de manière continue la vitesse du moteur d'actionnement ; et en ce que les interrupteurs d'actionnement (18-21) comprennent un bouton pression potentiométrique (18, 19) dont le signal de sortie analogique est utilisé pour commander de manière continue la fréquence (18) du convertisseur de fréquence, pour obtenir une vitesse d'élévation/abaissement continue.

6. Appareil de transport selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil comprend un premier disjoncteur de sécurité (23) qui détecte le relâchement de l'élément de levage (8), et qui arrête le moteur d'actionnement en fonction du relâchement détecté.

7. Appareil de transport selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le premier disjoncteur de sécurité (23) comprend un premier galet pousseur à ressort (24), pressant l'élément de levage (11) en un point situé en dessous de l'enrouleur (13), et un élément interrupteur (25) qui est rendu passant en conséquence d'un déplacement préréglé du galet pousseur lorsque l'élément de levage devient lâche.

8. Appareil de transport selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil comprend un deuxième disjoncteur de sécurité (26), qui détecte la quantité d'enroulement de l'élément de levage sur l'enrouleur (13), et qui arrête le moteur d'actionnement en fonction de cette quantité.

9. Appareil de transport selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième disjoncteur de sécurité (26) comprend un deuxième élément interrupteur (27), qui est rendu passant au moment où il touche l'élément de levage (11) enroulé sur l'enrouleur, lors l'enroulement atteint une taille prédéterminée.

Drawing