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(11) | EP 1 260 618 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Propylene polymer fibres with bonding properties |
| (57) The present invention relates to a propylene polymer fibre with improved bonding
properties, a process for the production of such fibres and a process for the production
of a non-woven by bonding of webs formed by such fibres as well as their use. Therefore, a propylene polymer fibre with improved bonding properties is provided, which is characterized in that it comprises a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of at most 200 ppm. Furthermore, a process for the production of propylene polymer fibres with improved thermo bonding properties is disclosed, characterized in that a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of 200 ppm or less is added to a propylene polymer before spinning of the fibres. |
[0001] The present invention relates to a propylene polymer fibre with improved bonding properties, a process for the production of such fibres and a process for the production of a non-woven by bonding of webs formed by such fibres.
[0002] In the production of non-wovens from polypropylene fibres usually in a first step a propylene polymer composition comprising further components, as e.g. an anti-oxidant or an acid scavengers, is melt extruded at temperatures of above 200 °C and fibres are spun by passing the melt through a spinnerette and quenching the produced fibres. Such spinning processes today are carried out at high speed in the order of 1000 m/min up to 4000 m/min but still an increase in line speed and output is desirable. Optionally, the fibres undergo one or more stretching steps after quenching.
[0003] From the so produced fibres non-wovens are produced by forming a web followed by a final bonding step. In this step, the fibres of the web are bound together, e.g. by passing the web through a calender in which heat and pressure is applied. The bonding process affecting the fibre surface happens within a very short time and temperature window.
[0004] Such webs and hence non-wovens may be produced either by staple fibres, i.e. fibres which have been stapled after their production, or filaments as e.g. continuous filaments. The term "fibres" as used herein is intended to cover both staple fibres and filaments.
[0005] If staple fibres are used the web forming usually comprises a carding step and the fibres are crimped before web forming. On the other hand, if continuous filaments are used then the filaments can be spun directly onto a moving belt before the bonding is performed e.g. with a calender (spunbonded fibres).
[0006] In the production of thermo bonded non-wovens the thermo bonding step is one factor, which is limiting the maximum line speed and therefore an improvement of the bonding properties of the fibres in this step is desirable, which in turn effects advantageously to the web strength.
[0007] It is well known that additives to the propylene polymer play an important role for defining the bonding properties of the fibre and thus the mechanical properties of the non-woven. Better bonding properties of the fibres lead to improved mechanical properties, in particular mechanical strength essentially defined by the bonding index, of the non-woven.
[0008] It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve the bonding properties of propylene polymer fibres. Especially, the present invention is targeted to improve the bonding properties of staple fibres.
[0009] Further, for obtaining good bonding properties of the fibres usually the spinning process as well as the bonding step have to be performed within a narrow temperature window. This puts severe restrictions on the process for the production of non-wovens as for obtaining high quality non-wovens the processes have to be carried out and maintained within said narrow temperature windows.
[0010] It is therefore a further object of the present invention to widen the temperature windows for both spinning process and bonding step without deteriously affecting the quality of the non-woven.
[0011] US 5,281,378 decribes an improvement in thermo bonding properties of such fibres due to a combination of an optimized molecular weight distribution of the polymer and delayed queching during fibre spinning.
[0012] The present invention is based on the finding that the above given object can be solved by fibres which have been produced by adding only small amounts of a lactone to the propylene polymer composition prior to the spinning of the fibres. Lactones are defined as organic compounds comprising a cyclic ester group. By the term lactone also mixtures of different lactones are understood. This also applies for preferred embodiments given below.
[0013] Although lactones have been in use as components of anti-oxidant compositions their ability to improve the bonding properties of polypropylene staple fibres has not yet been recognized. Commercial suppliers recommend the use of such anti-oxidant compositions in an amount of at least 1300 ppm wherein the amount of lactone is at least 300 ppm.
[0014] The present invention therefore provides a propylene polymer fibre with improved bonding properties which is characterized in that it comprises a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of at most 200 ppm.
[0015] The present invention also provides a process for the production of propylene polymer fibres with improved bonding properties which is characterized in that a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of at most 200 ppm is added to a propylene polymer composition before spinning of the fibres.
[0016] Furthermore, the present invention provides a non-woven which is characterized in that it has been produced by bonding of a web formed by the inventive propylene polymer fibres and a process for producing such non-wovens.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment the present invention relates to staple fibres, their production, a non-woven comprising such staple fibres and a process for producing such a non-woven.
[0018] The inventive polypropylene fibres have improved bonding properties so that they allow for the production of non-wovens with improved mechanical properties, in particular mechanical strength.
[0019] The improvement of the bonding properties of the fibres are measured via the measurement of the bonding index (BI) of the produced non-woven which is defined as
wherein CD is the strength of the non-woven cross-direction of the web and MD is the strength in the machine direction quoted as N/5 cm. As the strength in the MD often is different from the strength in the CD, the bonding index is a function of both of these. It is preferred that the ratio between the MD-strength and the CD-strength is around unity.
[0020] Preferably, the BImax of the inventive fibres is 20.0 or more, more preferably more than 22, most preferably 22.5 or more.
[0021] The bonding of the web may be performed by any bonding technique known in the art as e.g. thermobonding, infrared bonding or ultrasound bonding. It is preferred that bonding is performed by thermobonding, e.g. calender bonding or hot air bonding, and further preferred bonding is performed by calender bonding.
[0022] The bonding process is preferably performed at a speed of at least 150 m/min, more preferably at least 200 m/min and still more preferably of at least 250 m/min.
[0023] Furthermore, the inventive fibres allow for a broad spinning window, i.e. a broad temperature range within which the spinning process for the production of the fibres can be performed, as well as a broad bonding window by calender bonding, i.e. the temperature range within which the bonding step can be carried out, with the fibres still showing improved bonding index. This means that the improved bonding properties of the fibres and hence the improved mechanical properties of the non-woven can be reached within broad temperature ranges both for the spinning of the fibres and the bonding step.
[0024] The bonding window is defined the temperature interval in which a bonding index in the non-woven is obtained which differs from the maximum bonding index BImax obtained at optimum bonding temperature by not more than 15 %. In case of a typical good quality non-woven for use e.g. in hygienic absorbent products this corresponds to a difference in the bonding index of about 3 N/5cm compared to BImax.
[0025] A broad bonding window gives the producer of non-woven fabrics a better possibility of obtaining a uniform product even when using a calendering system with temperature variation over the calender surface or when using a higher bonding speed or lower bonding temperature. This is a considerable advantage for the non-woven producer.
[0026] The spinning window is defined as the temperature interval in which a bonding index in the non-woven is obtained which differs from the maximum bonding index BImax obtained at optimum spinning temperature by not more than 15 %.
[0028] Preferably, the inventive propylene polymer fibre comprises a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of 200 ppm or less, more preferably of 170 ppm or less, still more preferred of 140 ppm or less and most preferred of 120 ppm or less.
[0029] Further preferred, the lactone is of the benzofuran-2-one type. By this term benzofuran-2-one and all kinds of possible derivatives made by any kind of substitution are meant. Such compounds are represented by formula (I),
wherein R1 is any kind of substituent other than H, preferably substituted or non-substituted phenyl, and
[0031] These compounds have already been applied in stabilizing compositions or polyolefins as e.g. described in GB 2322374. Compounds of the benzofuran-2-one type further are for example described in the following documents: US 4,325,863, US 4,388,244, US 5,175,312, US 5,252,643, US 5,216,052, US 5,369,159, US 5,488,117, US 5,356,966, US 5,367,008, US 5,428, 162, US 5,428,177 or US 5,516,920. The contents of these documents is included herein by reference.
[0032] Further preferred, the above-mentioned lactone is of the benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one type. This term designates benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one and all possible derivatives thereof made by any kind of substitution. These compounds are represented by formula (I) wherein R1 is a phenyl group which may also be substituted by any kind of substituent, preferably alkyl.
[0033] Preferably, the lactone comprises benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one, an alkyl substituted derivative thereof, or a mixture of any of such compounds. Theses compounds are represented by the above given formula (I) wherein R1 is phenyl group which may further be substituted with alkyl substituents, preferably C1 - C4 alkyl, and R2 to R5 independently is H or alkyl, preferably H or C1 - C6 alkyl.
[0034] Further preferred, the lactone comprises 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenyl-2-one, a methyl substituted derivative thereof or a mixture of any of such compounds. These compounds are represented by formula (I) wherein R2 and R4 are tert-butyl, R3 and R5 are H, R1 is phenyl which may further be substituted with one or more methyl groups.
[0035] In a particular preferred embodiment the lactone comprises a compound selected from the group of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-3-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-one and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-3-(2,3-di-methyl-phenyl)-2-one or a mixture of any of such compounds.
[0036] Most preferred, the lactone comprises Irganox HP-136 of Ciba Speciality Chemicals, which is a mixture of the two last mentioned compounds.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment the inventive propylene polymer fibre comprises the lactone in an amount of 50 ppm or more, more preferred of 70 ppm or more, still more preferred of 90 ppm or more and most preferred of 100 ppm or more.
[0038] Further preferred the propylene polymer fibre further comprises an organic phosphite or phosphonite. Such preferred compounds are represented by formula (II):
wherein X is either a direct bond or O and
R1 to R3 are organic residues.
[0039] Such compounds are also described in GB 2322374. The contents of this document concerning phosphites and phosphonites is herewith enclosed by reference.
[0040] Preferred examples of the phosphite and phosphonite include tris(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-phosphite (Irgafos 168 of Ciba Speciality Chemicals), tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylen-di-phosphonite (Irgafos P-EPQ of Ciba Speciality Chemicals), bis-(2,4-dicumylphenyl)-pentaerythritol-diphosphite (Doverphos S-9228 of Dover), bis-(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)-pentaerythrityl-di-phosphite (Ultanox 626), bis-(2-methyl-4,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenyl)-phosphorous acid ethylester (Irgafos 38), phosphorous acid cyclic-butylethyl-propandiol, 2,4,6-tritert.-butylphenyl ester (Ultranox 641), bis-(2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenyl)-pentaery-thrityl-di-phosphite (ADK STAB PEP-36) and 2,2'-methylenebis-(4,6-di-tert.-butylphenyl)-octyl-phosphite (ADK STAB HP-10).
[0041] More preferably, the phosphite or phosphonite is tris(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-phosphite (Irgafos 168 of Ciba Speciality Chemicals), tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.-butyl-phenyl)-4,4'-biphenylen-di-phosphonite (Irgafos P-EPQ of Ciba Speciality Chemicals), bis-(2,4-dicumylphenyl)-pentaerythritol-diphosphite (Doverphos S-9228).
[0042] Further preferred, the phosphite or phosphonite is present in the inventive propylene polymer fibre in an amount of at least 100 parts by weight (pbw) up to at most 500 pbw with respect to 100 pbw of the lactone, more preferred in an amount of about 200 pbw with respect to 100 pbw of the lactone.
[0043] In a further preferred embodiment the inventive propylene polymer fibre comprises an UV stabilizer. Such UV stabilizers are known to the skilled person. UV stabilizers effect advantageously to the bonding index.
[0045] Further preferred, the UV stabilizer is present in an amount of at least 50 pbw up to at most 200 pbw with respect to 100 pbw of the lactone and more preferred in an amount of about 100 pbw with respect to 100 pbw of the lactone.
[0046] In a further preferred embodiment the inventive proylene polymer fibre is essentially free of compounds containing phenol groups.
[0047] It is further preferred that the amount of lactone, phosphite and UV stabilizer together is at most 700 ppm, more preferably at most 500 ppm in the inventive polypropylene fibre.
[0048] All embodiments cited as preferred for the inventive propylene polymer fibre are also preferred for the inventive process.
[0049] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the inventive process the spinning temperature of the fibre is from 220 to 300 °C. The lower temperatures are preferably used for spunbonded fibres and higher temperatures for staple fibres. Preferably, the spinning temperature of staple fibres is 245 °C to 270 °C. The calender temperature is preferably 140 °C to 155 °C.
[0050] As mentioned above, the invention also provides a process for the production of a non-woven which is characterized in that the non-woven is produced by thermo bonding of the inventive fibres as described above or of fibres prepared according to the inventive process described above.
[0051] The inventive propylene polymer fibres preferably are produced in a high speed spinning line.
[0052] Preferably, when staple fibres are used this process further comprises a carding step in the web formation.
[0053] Further preferred, in the production of the non-woven from staple fibres carding is carried out at high speed, preferably at a speed of 50 m/min or higher.
[0054] The bonding index of the non-woven is essentially determined by the bonding properties of the fibre so that improved bonding properties of the fibre give an improved bonding index of the non-woven.
[0055] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples including Figures 1 to 3 wherein
[0056] Figure 1 shows the spinning and bonding window of inventive proylene polymer staple fibres comprising 115 ppm of Irganox HP-136 (composition 1 of the examples).
[0057] Figure 2 shows the spinning and bonding window of propylene polymer staple fibres comprising Irganox HP-136 in an amount of 160 ppm (composition 2 of the examples).
[0058] Figure 3 shows the spinning and bonding window of a propylene polymer staple fibre comprising a conventional anti-oxidant system without lactone (composition 3 of the examples).
Examples
1.1 Pelletising
[0059] Polypropylene powder with melt flow rate MFR2 of 12 g/10min (ISO 1133, 2,16 kg, 230 °C) was mixed with additives, extruded and pelletised with conventional extruder. Calcium stearate was used as anti-acidic agent.
[0060] The following compositions were used in the polymers:
| Composition 1 | 460 ppm Fiberstab L112 |
| Composition 2 | 650 ppm Fiberstab L112 |
| Composition 3 (comparative) | 800 ppm Irgafos 168 + 150 ppm Irganox 3114 |
[0061] Fiberstab L112 is composed of 25 wt.% Irganox HP 136 (lactone compound), 50 wt.% Irgafos 168 (phosphite compound) and 25 wt.% Tinuvin 622 (UV stabilizer).
[0062] In the comparative composition which is commonly used as an anti-oxidant additive, no lactone component is present.
1.2 Spinning
[0063] An ESL-pilot conventional spinning line was used to produce staple fibres. The spinning temperatures were in the range of 249 to 265 °C. During spinning, the MFR2 of the polypropylene fibres increased up to approx. 40 g/10min due to thermal degradation.
[0064] The fibres had a fineness of 2.2 dTex. The fibres were texturised to a level of about 12 crimps/cm and cut to 40 mm staple fibres.
1.3 Web forming and thermobonding
[0065] Nonwoven fabrics were produced using a Hergeth monolayer/Kusters calender having a width of 600 mm. The winder speed of the process line was 100 m/min. The produced web was a web having a weight of 20 gram per square meter.
[0066] The calander window was between 140 and 152 °C and for each fibre sample, 5 different calender temperature have been used: 140, 143, 146, 149 and 152 °C.
2. Results
[0067] The mechanical properties of the produced non-wovens both in MD and CD are listed in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
[0068] The bonding properties as a function of spinning and calander temperature are listed in Table 4 and shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3.
[0070] The results as listed in Tables 1 to 3 and shown in Fig. 1 to 4 show that one of the benefits of the invention is that the spinning temperature can vary a lot and still good bonding indices are obtained, i.e. the spinning temperature and the careful control of this temperature is not that crucial as in conventional systems.
[0071] This also applies for the thermo bonding window. It can be seen from Fig 1 and 2 that the inventive compositions have extremely broad thermo bonding window towards the spinning temperature. The spinning temperature can change from 255 °C to 265 °C at constant calender temperature without any effect on the bonding index. If the calender temperature of 146 °C is selected the bonding index is close to 24 over the whole range of spinning temperatures. It is obvious that a system like this is extremely easy to handle for a fibre producer and will lead to a very consistent fibre and non-woven.
[0072] In contrast, in the comparative composition shown in Fig. 3 the bonding window bonding indexes higher than 20 can only be reached for a narrow range of spinning temperatures and calender temperatures.
[0073] Further, it can be seen from Fig. 1 that compositions 1 and 2 accoring to the invention with an amount of 115 ppm and 160 ppm of lactone show an improved bonding index.
Table 4:
| Bonding index of non-wovens produced with fibres comprising compositions 1, 2 and 3 (comparative). | ||||
| Bonding index of non-wovens produced from fibres comprising composition 1 | ||||
| spinning temperature (°C) | ||||
| calander temperature (°C) | 249 | 255 | 260 | 265 |
| 140 | 5.5 | 18.2 | 19.2 | 19.3 |
| 143 | 7 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 20.6 |
| 146 | 9.9 | 23.7 | 23.9 | 23.6 |
| 149 | 10.4 | 20.6 | 21 | 20.6 |
| 152 | 16 | 20.1 | 22.1 | 19.6 |
| Bonding index of non-wovens produced from fibres comprising composition 2 | ||||
| spinning temperature (°C) | ||||
| calander temperature (°C) | 260 | 265 | 270 | |
| 140 | 14.5 | 18.7 | 10.2 | |
| 143 | 17.4 | 18.2 | 11.7 | |
| 146 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 13.1 | |
| 149 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 12.7 | |
| 152 | 21.9 | 19.3 | 14 | |
| Bonding index of non-wovens produced from fibres comprising composition 3 (comparative) | ||||
| calander temperature (°C) | 260 | 265 | 270 | |
| 140 | 6.9 | 15.8 | 11.9 | |
| 143 | 11.5 | 22 | 16.9 | |
| 146 | 10.5 | 18.2 | 13.8 | |
| 149 | 13.7 | 19.6 | 12 | |
| 152 | 14.9 | 19.2 | 14.3 | |
1. A propylene polymer fibre with improved thermo bonding properties characterized in that it comprises a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of 200 ppm or less.
2. A propylene polymer fibre according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises said lactone in an amount of 170 ppm or less, more preferred of 140
ppm or less and still more preferred of 120 ppm or less.
3. A propylene polymer fibre according to claims 1 or 2 characterized in that said lactone is of the benzofuran-2-one type.
4. A propylene polymer fibre according to claim 3 characterized in that said lactone is of the benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one type.
5. A propylene polymer fibre according to claim 4 characterized in that said lactone comprises benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one or an alkyl-substituted derivative
thereof or a mixture of any of such compounds.
6. A propylene polymer fibre according to claim 5 characterized in that said lactone comprises 5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one or a methyl-substituted
derivative thereof or a mixture of any of such compounds.
7. A propylene polymer fibre according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises a phosphite or a phosphonite compound.
8. A propylene polymer fibre according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises a UV-stabilizer.
9. A propylene polymer fibre according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it is essentially free of phenols.
10. A propylene polymer fibre according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the fibre comprises staple fibres or continuous filaments.
11. A propylene polymer fibre according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the fibre comprises staple fibres.
12. A process for the production of propylene polymer fibres with improved thermo bonding
properties characterized in that a lactone of the furan-2-one type in an amount of 200 ppm or less is added to a propylene
polymer before spinning of the fibres.
13. A process according to claim 12 characterized in that said lactone is added in an amount of 170 ppm or less, more preferred of 140 ppm
or less and still more preferred of 120 ppm or less to said propylene polymer before
spinning of the fibres.
14. A process according to claims 12 or 13 characterized in that said lactone is of the benzofuran-2-one type.
15. A process according to claim 14 characterized in that said lactone is of the benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one type.
16. A process according to claim 15 characterized in that said lactone comprises benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one or an alkyl-substituted derivative
thereof or a mixture of any of such compounds.
17. A process according to claim 16 characterized in that said lactone comprises 5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-3-phenyl-2-one or a methyl-substituted
derivative thereof or a mixture of any of such compounds.
18. A process according to any of claims 12 to 17 characterized in that a phosphite or a phosphonite is added to a propylene polymer before spinning of the
fibres.
19. A process according to any of claims 12 to 18 characterized in that a UV-stabilizer is added to a propylene polymer before spinning of the fibres.
20. A process according to any of claims 12 to 19 characterized in that essentially no phenols are added to the propylene polymer.
21. A process according to any of claims 12 to 20 characterized in that the spinning temperature is from 220 to 300 °C.
22. A process according to claim 21 characterized in that the spinning temperature is 245 to 270 °C.
23. A process for the production of a non-woven characterized in that it comprises thermo bonding of a web formed by fibres according to any of claims
1 to 10 or fibres produced according to any of claims 11 to 22.
24. A process according to claim 23 characterized in that said web is thermo bonded at a temperature of from 140 to 155 °C.
25. A non-woven characterized in that it is obtainable by a process according to claims 23 or 24.
26. Use of a propylene polymer composition for the production of fibres characterized in that said propylene polymer composition comprises a lactone of the furan-2-one type in
an amount of at most 200 ppm.
27. Use according to claim 26 characterized in that said fibres are staple fibres.