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EP 1 198 691 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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29.01.2003 Bulletin 2003/05 |
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Date of filing: 17.05.2000 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC)7: F27D 15/02 |
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International application number: |
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PCT/EP0004/462 |
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International publication number: |
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WO 0007/3723 (07.12.2000 Gazette 2000/49) |
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HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL
WÄRMEAUSTAUSCH-VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON TEILCHENFÖRMIGEM MATERIAL
DISPOSITIF D'ECHANGE THERMIQUE POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE MATERIAUX PARTICULAIRES
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Designated Contracting States: |
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DE DK FR GB IT |
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Priority: |
28.05.1999 DK 75299
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Date of publication of application: |
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24.04.2002 Bulletin 2002/17 |
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Proprietor: F.L. Smidth & Co. A/S |
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DK-2500 Valby,
Copenhagen (DK) |
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Inventor: |
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- FONS, Morgens, Juhl
DK-9560 Had (DK)
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Representative: Brunner, Michael John et al |
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GILL JENNINGS & EVERY,
Broadgate House,
7 Eldon Street London EC2M 7LH London EC2M 7LH (GB) |
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The present invention relates to a heat exchange device, particularly a cooler, for
treating particulate material such as cement raw materials, cement clinker or similar
materials, which heat exchange device comprises a grate surface for supporting the
material. Such devices have means for conveying the material across the surface of
the grate from the inlet of the heat exchange device to its outlet, said conveying
means being moved back and forth in the direction of transport of the material and
being carried by one or more carrying frames. The carrying frame or frames are movably
supported in a machine frame and connected to driving means.
[0002] Attempts have been made to support the carrying frame by means of linear guidance
mechanisms allowing the carrying frame to be moved back and forth along a straight
line. However, such linear guidance mechanisms have proved to be sensitive to dust,
misalignment and inherent thermal forces, resulting in inadequate service life of
such mechanisms.
[0003] In conventional coolers it is also known to support the carrying frames on link arms.
As compared to a linear guidance mechanism, the advantage of a pendular support structure
is that its service life is quite substantial due to the fact that the link arms are
swivellable by means of swivel joints which may be sealed. However, the disadvantage
of such carrying frame support structures is that, as is obvious, they do not follow
a straight line, but, instead, follow a circular arc. In order to reduce the deviation
of the movement of the carrying frame from a straight line, it is necessary, as suggested,
to use long link arms. However, long link arms require a substantial height of installation
in the cooler if the link arms are fixed to frame structures at the lowermost end
and may also entail sealing problems if the link arms are fixed to steel at the uppermost
end. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of long link arms constitutes a general problem.
[0004] From DE-A-4132475 is known a grate cooler where the carrying frame is suspended from
link arms. In order to give the carrying frame a linear movement, each pendulum comprises
an articulated mechanism in which one of the joints is a sliding joint to compensate
for the circular arcuate movement. The disadvantage of this known solution is that
the articulated mechanisms are not kinematically determined, i.e. their movement is
not completley defined by their construction, therefore necessitating an external
or additional means for controlling the position of the sliding joint as a function
of the angular rotation of the link arm in order to obtain a linear movement.
[0005] From WO-A-98/40683 is known a device for support of the carrying frame in a cooler
or kiln in such a way that the frame is capable of being moved in reciprocating manner.
The device is composed of a number of upright leaf springs which are rigidly interconnected
in pairs. The disadvantage of this known device is that the curve of movement for
the point of fixation depends on the vertical force which is acting upon the point.
Due to the fact that the leaf springs are rigidly clamped at the ends, they are deflected
in the deformed position in lazy-s shapeand the corresponding pathe of movement (or
swing path) is similarly shaped and the flatness of the swing path depends on the
vertical force on the springs. A greater load impact on the carrying frame and thus
a greater vertical force will yield a flatter swing path. Furthermore, the total length
of the leaf springs must, because of this lazy-s deflection, exceed that of a corresponding
link arm support. The many leaf springs required to minimize the height of the arcuate
movement will result in instability of the device in the transverse direction. Overall,
from a practical point of view, this device is of little interest.
[0006] It is aim of the present invention to provide a heat exchange device in which the
aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated or reduced.
[0007] This is achieved by means of a heat exchange device of the kind mentioned in the
introduction,
characterised in that the carrying frame is supported relative to the machine frame by at least two kinematically
determined articulated mechanisms each comprising four swivel joints, and each being
designed so that it comprises a support point which, within a given stroke length,
will follow a substantially straight line, either the carrying frame or the machine
frame being connected to the mechanism at the support point.
[0008] Thus, the carrying frame can be moved back and forth in a kinematically determined
way within a given stroke length interval following a substantially straight line
independent of the load sustained by the carrying frame.
[0009] In order to make the heat exchange device as compact as possible, it is preferred
that the point of support is situated within the envelope defined by the swivel joints
of the articulated mechanism.
[0010] Further, it is preferred that the point of support within the given stroke length
interval is movable upward and downward within a maximum distance 0.00025 times the
stroke length. At a stroke length of for example 200 mm, the point of support will
thus be moving up and down a maximum of 0.05 mm.
[0011] It is further preferred that the frame defined by the articulated mechanism does
not in any direction exceed the stroke length by a factor greater than 5.
[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange device comprises
four articulated mechanisms, each articulated mechanism being fitted in the immediate
proximity of each of the corners of the carrying frame.
[0013] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
Figure 1, is an isometric view of parts of a heat exchange device according to the
invention, and
Figure 2 shows an articulated mechanism which is used in the heat exchange device
shown in Figure 1.
[0014] In Fig. 1 is seen a movable carrying frame 1 which is intended for carrying conveying
means (not shown) for conveying particulate material across a grate surface (not shown).
The conveying means may be grate shoes which constitute part of the grate surface
as described for example in DE-A-3812425, or the conveying means may be transverse
girders which independently of the grate surface are moved back and forth as described
for example in PCT/EP98/02012, or they may be differently configured. The particular
type of conveying means does not form part of the invention. The carrying frame 1
is supported by means of four articulated mechanisms 3 from a stationary machine frame
which, in the figure, is shown as a pair of beams 5. Furthermore, the movable carrying
frame is connected to suitable driving means (not shown).
[0015] A simple embodiment of the articulated mechanism is shown in Figure 2. It comprises
two arms 11 which are connected at one end via swivel joints 13 to the carrying frame
1 and which at their other end are connected, also by means of further swivel joints
15, to a plate 17. The plate 17 is connected at a point support 19a to the machine
frame 5 via a swivel joint 19. The design of the shown articulated mechanism is such
that the carrying frame follows an approximately straight line path when subjected
to reciprocating movement within a given stroke length interval or range of operation.
In other words, this entails that during operation the support point 19a is moved
in relative terms substantially parallel to a line through the swivel joints 13.
[0016] To enhance the stability of the system, the articulated mechanisms are advantageously
of a double-sided design as illustrated in Figure 1. In this case, each mechanism
has two parallel plates 17a and 17b which are separated by means of a spacer 7, and
which are rigidly assembled, and the arms are doubled up too. In this embodiment common
swivel joints 13, 15 and 19 can be used for corresponding sides. In the embodiment
shown in Figure 1 only the swivel joints 13 and 19 are common for the two sides whereas
the swivel joints 15 are individually configured for each side. Furthermore, the swivel
joint 19 may advantageously be of a spherical bearing type to allow for minor deflections
of the carrying frame 1. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the two spherical swivel
joints 19c will allow for axial displacements (i.e. transversely of the carrying frame
movement) whereas the two spherical swivel joints 19d are locked to prevent axial
displacements.
1. A heat exchange device for treating particulate material such as cement raw materials,
cement clinker or similar materials, and which comprises a grate surface for supporting
the material and means for conveying the material across the surface of the grate
from an inlet to an outlet, back and forth in the direction of transport of the material
and being supported by one or more carrying frames (1) which are supported in a machine
frame (5) for movement substantially in the direction of transport of the material,
characterised in that
the carrying frame (1) is supported relative to the machine frame by at least two
kinematically determined articulated mechanisms (3) each comprising four swivel joints
(13,15), and each being designed so that it comprises a support point (19a) which,
within a given stroke length, will follow a substantially straight line, either the
carrying frame (1) or the machine frame (5) being connected to the mechanism at the
support point (19a).
2. A heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the point of support (19a) is
disposed within the envelope defined by the swivel joints (13,15) of the articulated
mechanism.
3. A heat exchange device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the point of support
(19a) comprises a swivel joint (19)
4. A heat exchange device according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein, within the given
stroke length interval, the support point (19a) is movable upward and downward a maximum
distance 0.00025 times the stroke length.
5. A heat exchange device according to claim 4, wherein the envelope defined by the swivel
joints of the articulated mechanism does not in any direction exceed the stroke length
by a factor greater than 5.
6. A heat exchange device according to any of the preceding claims which comprises four articulated mechanisms and in that each articulated mechanism is fitted
in the immediate proximity of one of the corners of the supporting frame.
7. A heat exchange device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the articulated
mecahnism comprises a pair of arms (11) having a respective swivel joint (13,15) at
each end, and each arm being connected at one end to a link plate (17) by a first
swivel joint (15), the support point (19a) being disposed on the link plate, the arms
(11) each being connected by a second swivel joint (13) to either the machine frame
(5) or the carrying frame (1) respectively.
8. A heat exchange device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the articulated
mechanisms are disposed in parallel pairs and two or more of the swivel joints (13,15)
are common between the articulated mechanisms of each pair.
9. A heat exchange device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the swivel
joints on one side of the device are spherical joints.
1. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung zur Behandlung von partikelförmigem Material, etwa Zementrohmaterialien,
Zementklinker oder ähnlichen Materialien, die eine Rostoberfläche zum Tragen des Materials
und eine Einrichtung zum Fördern des Materials über die Rostoberfläche von einem Einlass
zu einem Auslass, sowie zurück und vor in Transportrichtung des Materials aufweist,
und durch einen oder mehrere Tragerahmen (1) getragen wird, die in einem Maschinenrahmen
(5) für eine Bewegung im Wesentlichen in Transportrichtung des Materials gelagert
sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Tragerahmen (1) bezüglich des Maschinenrahmens durch mindestens zwei kinematisch
bestimmte Gelenkmechanismen (3) gelagert ist, von denen jeder vier Drehgelenke (13,
15) beinhaltet und so gestaltet ist, dass er einen Auflagerpunkt (19a) aufweist, welcher
innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Hublänge einer im Wesentlichen geraden Linie folgt, wobei
entweder der Tragerahmen (1) oder der Maschinenrahmen (5) im Auflagerpunkt (19a) mit
dem Mechanismus verbunden ist.
2. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der Auflagerpunkt (19a) innerhalb
der Enveloppe angeordnet ist, die von den Drehgelenken (13, 15) des Gelenkmechanismus
definiert wird.
3. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher der Auflagerpunkt (19a)
ein Drehgelenk (19) aufweist.
4. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welcher sich innerhalb
des vorgegebenen Hublängenintervalls der Auflagerpunkt (19a) um einen maximalen Weg,
der das 0,00025-fache der Hublänge beträgt, nach oben und unten bewegt.
5. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, bei welcher die Enveloppe, die von den
Drehgelenken des Gelenkmechanismus definiert wird, in keiner Richtung die Hublänge
um einen Faktor größer als 5 überschreitet.
6. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welche vier Gelenkmechanismen
aufweist und bei welcher jeder Gelenkmechanismus in unmittelbarer Nähe einer der Ecken
des Tragrahmens angebracht ist.
7. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher der
Gelenkmechanismus ein Paar Arme (11) aufweist, die jeweils ein Drehgelenk (13, 15)
an jedem Ende aufweisen, und jeder Arm über ein erstes Drehgelenk (15) mit einer Verbindungsplatte
(17) verbunden ist, wobei der Auflagerpunkt (19a) an der Verbindungsplatte angeordnet
ist und die Arme (11) jeweils über ein zweites Drehgelenk (13) mit dem Maschinenrahmen
(5) bzw. dem Trägerrahmen (1) verbunden sind.
8. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher die
Gelenkmechanismen in parallelen Paaren angeordnet sind und zwei oder mehr der Drehgelenke
(13, 15) zwischen den Gelenkmechanismen jedes Paars gemeinsam sind.
9. Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher die
Drehgelenke auf der einen Seite der Vorrichtung Kugelgelenke sind.
1. Dispositif d'échange thermique pour traiter un matériau particulaire tel que des matières
premières de ciment, du clinker de ciment ou des matériaux similaires, et qui comporte
une surface de grille pour supporter le matériau et des moyens pour transporter le
matériau à travers la surface de la grille depuis une entrée jusqu'à une sortie, en
va-et-vient dans la direction de transport du matériau et supportés par un ou plusieurs
cadres de support (1) qui sont supportés dans un châssis de machine (5) pour avoir
un mouvement sensiblement dans la direction de transport du matériau, caractérisé en ce que
le cadre de transport (1) est supporté par rapport au châssis de machine par au
moins deux mécanismes articulés cinématiquement déterminés (3) comportant chacun quatre
liaisons articulées (13, 15), et conçus chacun de telle sorte qu'ils comportent un
point de support (19a) qui, dans une longueur de course donnée, va suivre une ligne
pratiquement droite, l'un ou l'autre du cadre de transport (1) et du châssis de machine
(5) étant relié au mécanisme au niveau du point de support (19a).
2. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le point de support
(19a) est disposé dans l'enveloppe définie par les liaisons articulées (13, 15) du
mécanisme articulé.
3. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans
lequel le point de support (19a) est constitué d'une liaison articulée (19).
4. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans
lequel, dans l'intervalle de longueur de course donné, le point de support (19a) est
mobile vers le haut et vers le bas sur une distance maximum de 0,00025 fois la longueur
de course.
5. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'enveloppe définie
par les liaisons articulées du mécanisme articulé ne dépasse pas dans une direction
quelconque la longueur de course d'un facteur plus grand que 5.
6. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes
qui comporte quatre mécanismes articulés et en ce que chaque mécanisme articulé est
agencé à proximité immédiate de l'un des coins du châssis de support.
7. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans lequel le mécanisme articulé comporte deux bras (11) ayant une liaison articulée
respective (13, 15) à chaque extrémité, et chaque bras est relié à une première extrémité
à une plaque de liaison (17) par une première liaison articulée (15), le point de
support (19a) étant disposé sur la plaque de liaison, les bras (11) étant chacun reliée
par une seconde liaison articulée (13) soit au châssis de machine (5), soit au cadre
de transport (1) respectivement.
8. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans lequel les mécanismes articulés sont disposés par paires parallèles et deux ou
plus de deux des liaisons articulées (13, 15) sont communes entre les mécanismes articulés
de chaque paire.
9. Dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans lequel les liaisons articulées d'un premier côté du dispositif sont des joints
sphériques.

