Hydraulically driven double acting diaphragm pump

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for pumping liquids or aeriform substances, with double-acting reciprocating motion obtained hydraulically.

[0002] From the state of the art innumerable solutions for pumping liquids or aeriform substances are known. Liquid and aeriform pumping systems can be substantially subdivided into two classes: (a) fluid dynamic action systems, such as for example centrifugal pumps and the like, based on the laws of fluid dynamics and on the transfer between the momentum and the mechanical energy, and (b) positive-displacement systems, based on the variation of the volume enclosed in a pump casing by both direct and indirect mechanical action by means of a working fluid.

[0003] The systems of the group (a) and the group (b) present respective advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between the one or the other system in whatever plant is dictated by the specific applications and the "secondary conditions" which the designer must meet and which are determined by various factors.

[0004] The present invention relates to a device for pumping liquids or aeriform substances of the above-mentioned type, which is included in the system class of the(b) group indicated above.

[0005] In the Italian patent No 1,262,358 in the name of the same Applicant, titled "Device for pumping liquids with a diaphragm pump operated by a hydraulic circuit" a device for pumping liquids, particularly for heat pumps, is illustrated and described, which comprises a diaphragm pump, operated by a hydraulic closed-circuit comprising an hydraulic oil tank, a rotary pump placed between the tank and the lower chamber of the diaphragm pump, and a rotary switching valve whose object is to pump said oil back and forth with a reciprocating motion to said diaphragm pump, in order to induce a pulsating suction and delivery motion in the liquid to be pumped, which flows in the process side of the diaphragm pump.

[0006] Said device is schematized in the annexed figure 1, and it is a reciprocating positive displacement pumping system indirectly operated by a fluid (oil) pressurized in a continuous way by means of a rotary positive displacement pump, in particular a gear pump which cooperates by means of a mechanical transmission of the same driving force which operates the pump, with a rotary valve which reverses the oil flow between the reciprocating pumping unit and a tank.

[0007] Figure 2 shows the behavior, as a function of time, of the flow rate of a pumping system such as the one showed in figure 1 according to the Italian patent No 1,262,358 previously referred to.

[0008] As it can be noted, the pumping action is of a pulsating type, and the flow rate or delivery is similar to a square wave. The pulsation is due to the fact that the diaphragm pumping unit (figure 1) is of the single acting type, and corresponds to the electrical analogy of a single half-wave rectifier.

[0009] Such pulsating behavior can suit numerous applications, but. in the case of high flow rates and pressures the pulsation of the pumped fluid, be it a liquid or an aeriform substance, may involve many problems such as periodic stresses in the system fed by the pump, with possible drawbacks due to fatigue stress of the components, noise and flow discontinuity which can prove harmful to refrigerators or heat pumps operating on an absorption cycle, as it is well-known to a man skilled in the art.

[0010] The aim of the present invention is to provide a device for pumping liquids or aeriform substances with a double-acting reciprocating motion or action, with diaphragm pumping units, or the like, of the class described in the above-mentioned Italian patent.

[0011] US 4,543,044 describes a dual-unit pump comprising: two piston pumping units adapted to function cooperatively; sealing means for dividing the housing of each piston into a variable-volume working liquid chamber and a complementary delivery liquid chamber; and flow control means apt to alternatively switch the flow of the two liquids from the housing of a piston to the other, which means includes a constant-delivery pump for the working liquid connected to said housings, valves and a tank.

[0012] EP 0 568 742 describes a method for transferring a production fluid incorporating liquid and gaseous phases from a well to an export point, which provides a system comprising two chambers at the lower parts of which liquid from a high pressure source is introduced by the action of a single phase liquid pump associated with a two position spool valve. The latter alternatively connects the chambers to the upstream and downstream sides of the pump.

[0013] According to the present invention a pumping system as claimed in claim 1 is provided.

[0014] Other features of the system according to the present invention are defined in the annexed dependent claims.

[0015] The present invention will be now disclosed by presently preferred embodiments, shown as non-limiting examples, on the basis of the figures of the annexed drawings wherein:

figure 1 schematically shows the structure of a single-acting pumping system according to the prior art;

figure 2 schematically shows operating modes of the pumping system according to figure 1, applied to the pumping of liquids;

figure 3 shows a functional diagram of the double-acting pumping system according to the present invention;

figures 4 to 8 show embodiment variants of the double-acting pumping system according to the invention schematized in figure 3; and

figure 9 shows an example of a pumping unit of the free-piston type, which can be utilized in the present invention.

[0016] The functional diagram of the present invention will now be illustrated with reference to figure 3. An oil control assembly is provided, which comprises a prime motor consisting of an electric motor 10 which operates a positive displacement rotary pump 11, in particular a gear pump, to move a driving fluid (oil). The transmission of mechanical operation by gear pump 11 through a reduction gear 12 operates a rotary valve 13 which supplies or withdraws oil from a first diaphragm pumping unit 14 and from a second diaphragm pumping unit 15.

[0017] As it can be noted from figure 3, the circuit of the oil which is the working fluid, and the arrangement of the ways of the rotary valve 13 imply a push-pull working of the pumping units 14 and 15, that is a 180° phase shift between the flow rate/pressure pulsations generated in the pumped fluid. In this way the "voids" shown in the schematization of the operative modes of the single-acting pumping system of figure 2 are eliminated.

[0018] In the figure 4 a first practical embodiment of the pumping system according to the functional diagram of figure 3 is shown,

[0019] The components corresponding to those in the diagram of figure 3 are indicated in figure 4 by the same reference numbers.

[0020] In the construction of figure 4 a tank 16, not pressurized, is provided, which, in order to compensate the expansion of the working fluid (oil), operates like an expansion tank, wherein the excess pressure from the pump 11 is discharged by means of a calibrated overpressure or safety valve 17. Makeup oil can be withdrawn from the tank or expansion tank by means of a valve 18 which can be suitably calibrated, in order to prevent short circuits at the oil side during intake at low pressures. This valve 18 is calibrated at a suitably low pressure to allow the suction of fluids at pressures equal or higher than the calibration pressure. The pipe coming from the valve 18, together with the oil intake line at the side of the diaphragm units 14, 15 leads to tank 19 wherein a filter F is possibly located, which has an outlet 20 connected to the intake side of the gear pump 11.

[0021] An assembly of unidirectional valves 21, 22,23,24 , in the configuration which is well known in electronics as "Graetz bridge", is located on the process side of the diaphragm pumping units 14,15. The valves 21,22,23,24 are respectively connected to suction 25 and delivery 26 pipes.

[0022] In this way a "double half-wave rectification" is obtained in the pulsating flow of the single pumping units 14 and 15, which operate in a push-pull manner, i.e. with a 180° phase shift.

[0023] Since the delivery of the single pumping units 14,15 has a rectangular shape when liquids are involved (figure 2) the output flow in the delivery pipe 26 substantially presents no discontinuity, with the above-mentioned advantages.

[0024] In the figure 5 a second variant of the practical embodiment of figure 4 is shown.

[0025] In figure 5 reference numbers equal to those of figure 4 indicate corresponding components.

[0026] In the variant of figure 5 the expansion tank 16 is eliminated, and the safety valve 17 discharges on the suction side of the gear pump 11, while the thermal expansions of the oil are insured by the diaphragm units 14, 15.

[0027] A further safety valve 27, which is calibrated at a lower pressure than safety valve 17, can be provided on the delivery side of the pump 11. The valve 27 is closed during the normal operation of the system, while, on the contrary, it is used during the first minutes of the system startup only to allow the discharge of the possible excess oil let into the charge, together with the one resulting from the thermal expansion at the normal operating temperature.

[0028] The variant of figure 6 corresponds to the one of figure 5. In the construction of figure 6 the tank is partially full and the free space 28 over the oil mass serves as an expansion space to compensate the thermal expansions of the oil.

[0029] In the construction of figure 6, in order to guarantee operation, the existing pressure in the tank must be kept at a lower value than the pressure of the working fluid on the intake side, controlled by the pumping units 14,15. Otherwise the diaphragms of the units 14,15 would be unable to carry out the intake phase.

[0030] It is to be noted that in the embodiments shown in the figures from 3 to 5, the intake pressure of the oil automatically coincides, except for the pressure losses, with the intake pressure on the diaphragm pumping units, while in the case of figure 6 is set on the lower value allowed by the operative conditions.

[0031] A further embodiment is shown in figure 7, corresponding in part to the one in figure 6.

[0032] In the variant of figure 7 a tank 29, simply open at the atmosphere, is provided for the oil. In this case the pressure on the intake side of the diaphragm pumping units will have to be higher than the atmospheric pressure at least by the value required to overcome the elasticity of the diaphragm added to the pressure losses on the oil side. Otherwise, as it is evident, no pumping action would take place.

[0033] In the figure 8 a further variant, similar under many respects to the embodiment shown in figure 4 is shown.

[0034] In the embodiment of figure 8, in the circuit of the working oil, a diaphragm expansion tank 30 is provided, only partially filled with oil. The diaphragm expansion tank 30 allows the thermal expansion of the oil by means of the discharge valve, while the calibrated makeup valve allows the normal pumping with intake of oil from the diaphragm units and, only for makeup, also from the expansion tank. The expansion tank 30 is connected on the side opposite to the oil side, to the intake pipe on the process side, so as to cause the makeup pressure of the makeup valve to adjust automatically to the intake pressure on the process side, hence eliminating the occurrence of short-circuits on the oil side.

[0035] Differently from the diagram of figure 4, the oil circuit remains sealed on the environment side in order to prevent leaks of harmful substances in case of a break of the pumping units' diaphragms.

[0036] Hereinbefore embodiments utilizing diaphragm pumping units have been illustrated. They could be replaced by pumping units of the "free-piston" type, on condition that a separation is kept between the working oil and the pumped fluid.

[0037] Said separation between the oil and the process fluid can be obtained, as it is known to a man skilled in the art, by means of elastic seals between the cylinder and the piston with or without the aid of a so-called "lantern" separating the cylinder on the process side from the cylinder on the oil side.

[0038] As it is shown in figure 9, the free-piston pumping unit comprises a cylinder 40 inside which a piston 41, kept sealed by seals 42, can slide. The piston 41 defines a first control chamber 43 wherein a working fluid (oil) can be forwarded and withdrawn by means of a line 44, and a second working or positive displacement pumping chamber 45, which cooperates with a delivery valve 46 and a suction valve 47. The valves 46, 47 are respectively snown as unidirectional valves of the ball type with a conical seat, however, it is clear that they can be of other shapes.

[0039] Obviously the above-named "lantern" arrangement can be provided.

[0040] The present invention has been described with reference to presently preferred embodiments, however it is to be intended that variants and modifications can be provided in practice without going out of the protective scope of the present industrial patent.

Claims

1. A device for pumping liquids or aeriform substances of a double-acting reciprocating type, comprising a first (14) and a second (15) pumping unit, provided with a separating element between a working fluid and a pumped fluid such that the two fluids can not mix one with the other, which units are connected to an oil control assembly arranged to induce reciprocating motions in said separating elements of said units (14, 15) by means of pressurized oil, so as to produce a suction phase in one unit (14; 15) and a delivery phase in the other unit (15; 14) and viceversa, in a continuous way,
characterized in that
said oil control assembly comprises at least a motor (10), a positive displacement rotary oil pump (11), a revolution reduction gear (12), a four-way connecting rotary valve (13) and a working oil tank (19) for said pumping units (14, 15), operatively interconnected,
said working oil tank (19) has an outlet (20) connected to the intake side of said oil pump (11), and
said working oil tank (19) is closed and it has means for keeping its pressure at a lower value than the pressure of the pumped fluid on the intake side ("suction") of said first (14) and second (15) pumping units.

2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that said pumping units (14, 15) are of the diaphragm type.

3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said oil control assembly produces pulsations of the square-wave type with a 180° phase shift, obtained by cyclically reversing the suction and the delivery of said positive displacement rotary pump (11).

4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rotary valve (13) comprises two flat facing disks, the first one being a fixed disk with connecting holes for the oil pipes, the second being a moving disk with slots apt to cyclically invert the holes on the fixed disk two by two, placed in a suitable sealed box which in its turn is pressurized by means of a hole which connects it to a pressurized oil pipe, so as to insure wear clearance between the two disks by means of the hydraulic oil thrust.

5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that said moving disk is formed directly on the slow gear wheel of the revolution reduction gear.

6. A device according to one or more of preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an external oil expansion tank (16) under atmospheric pressure to which is connected the discharge of a safety valve (17), located on the delivery side of said rotary positive displacement pump (11), and from which a makeup valve draws, calibrated at a suitably low pressure to allow the suction of pumped fluids at pressures equal or higher than the calibration pressure.

7. A device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two pumping units are oversized so that thermal expansion of the working fluid is possible and in that it comprises an internal by-pass safety valve (17) between the delivery and the suction of said pump (11).

8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a second safety valve (27), sealed during normal operation, which allows the outside discharge of possible excess oil let in during the charging phase.

9. A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil tank (19) is partially filled up and, during the initial charging phase, is set at a sufficiently low pressure to allow the suction of pumped fluids at pressures higher than the pressure existing in said tank.

10. A device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a pressurized oil expansion tank (30) having the same intake pressure of the fluid to be pumped, which comprises a diaphragm expansion tank in order to prevent leaks of harmful substances which may have come in contact with the oil and in order to prevent short-circuits in the oil.

11. A device according to one or more of claims 1 and from 3 to 10, characterized in that said pumping units are of the free-piston type.

Ansprüche

1. Vorrichtung von einer doppeltvnrkenden, hin- und hergehenden Bauart zum Pumpen von Flussigkeiten oder luftartigen Stoffen, mit einer ersten (14) und einer zweiten (15) Pumpeinheit, die mit einem Trennelement zwischen einem Arbeitsfluid und einem gepumpten Fluid versehen sind, so dass sich die beiden Fluide nicht miteinander vermischen können, wobei die Einheiten mit einem Ölsteuersystem verbunden sind, das so ausgebildet ist, dass es hin- und hergehende Bewegungen In den Trennelementen der Einheiten (14, 15) mit Hilfe von Drucköl hervorruft, so dass eine Saugphase in einer Einheit (14, 15) und eine Förderphase in der anderen Einheit (15, 14), und umgekehrt, auf kontinuierlichem Wege erzeugt werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Ölsteuersystem wenigstens einen Motor (10) aufweist, eine Drehkolbenölpumpe (11), ein Drehzahluntersetzungsgetriebe (12), einen Vierwegeverbindungsdrehschieber (13) und einen Arbeitsöltank (19) für die Pumpeinheiten (14, 15), die miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehen,
wobei der Arbeitsöltank (19) einen Auslass (20) hat, der mit der Einlassseite der Ölpumpe (11) verbunden ist, und
wobei der Arbeitsöltank (19) verschlossen ist und eine Einrichtung hat zum Halten des Druckes desselben auf einem niedrigeren Wert als der Druck des gepumpten Fluids auf der Einlassseite ("Saugen") der ersten (14) und der zweiten (15) Pumpeinheit.

2. Vornchtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpeinheiten (14, 15) von der Membranbauart sind

3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ölsteuersystem Pulsationen rechteckigen Typs mit einer Phasenverschiebung von 180° erzeugt, die durch zyklisches Reversieren des Saugens und des Förderns der Drehkolbenpumpe (11) gewonnen werden.

4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehschieber (13) zwei flache Planscheiben aufweist, von denen die erste eine feststehende Scheibe mit Verbindungslöchern für die Ölleitungen ist, die zweite eine bewegliche Scheibe mit Schlitzen ist, die dazu dienen, die Löcher in der feststehenden Scheibe paarweise zu invertieren, platziert in einem geeigneten verschlossenen Kasten, der seinerseits uber ein Loch unter Druck gesetzt wird, welches ihn mit einer Druckolleitung verbindet, um so VerSchleißspiel zwischen den beiden Schieben mit Hilfe des hydraulischen Öldruckes zu gewahrleisten.

5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Scheibe direkt an dem langsamen Zahnrad des Drehzahluntersetzungsgetriebes gebildet ist.

6. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen externen Ölexpansionstank (16) aufweist, der unter atmosphärischem Druck steht und mit dem der Auslass eines Sicherheitsventils (17) verbunden ist, das auf der Forderseite der Drehkolbenpumpe (11) angeordnet ist und von dem aus ein Ergänzungsventil saugt, das auf einen geeignet niedrigen Druck geeicht ist, um das Saugen von gepumpten Fluids bei Drücken zu erlauben, die gleich dem oder hoher als der Eichdruck sind.

7. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Pumpeinheiten überdimensioniert sind, so dass eine thermische Expansion des Arbeitsfluids moglich ist, und dass sie ein internes Umgehungssicherheitsventil (17) zwischen der Vorderseite und der Saugseite der Pumpe (11) aufweist.

8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein zweites Sicherheitsventil (27) aufweist, das während des normalen Betriebes verschlossen ist und das erlaubt, mögliches Überschussöl, das während der Ladephase eingelassen worden ist, nach außen abzulassen.

9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Öltank (19) teilweise gefüllt ist und während der anfänglichen Ladephase auf einen ausreichend niedrigen Druck eingestellt ist, um das Saugen der gepumpten Fluids bei Drücken zu gestatten, die höher sind als der Druck, der in dem Tank vorhanden ist.

10. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Druckölexpansionstank (30) aufweist, der denselben Einlassdruck des zu pumpenden Fluids hat und einen Membranexpansionstank aufweist, um das Lecken von schädlichen Stoffen zu verhindern, die mit dem Öl in Kontakt gekommen sein können, und um Kurzschlüsse in dem Öl zu verhindern.

11. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 und 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpeinheiten von der Freikolbenbauart sind.

Revendications

1. Dispositif pour pomper des liquides ou des substances gazeuses de type animé d'un mouvement de va-et-vient à double effet, comportant une première (14) et une seconde (15) unités de pompage, muni d'un élément de séparation entre un fluide de travail et un fluide pompé de sorte que les deux fluides ne peuvent pas se mélanger l'un avec l'autre, lesquelles unités sont reliées à un ensemble de commande d'huile agencé pour induire des mouvements de va-et-vient dans lesdits éléments de séparation desdites unités (14, 15) par l'intermédiaire d'une huile mise sous pression, de manière à produire une phase d'aspiration dans une unité (14 ; 15) et une phase de refoulement dans l'autre unité (15 ; 14) et vice versa, de manière continue,
   caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble de commande d'huile comporte au moins un moteur (10), une pompe à huile rotative volumétrique (11), un engrenage réducteur rotatif (12), une vanne rotative de liaison à quatre voies (13) et un réservoir d'huile de travail (19) pour lesdites unités de pompage (14, 15), mutuellement reliés de manière opérationnelle, ledit réservoir d'huile de travail (19) a une sortie (20) reliée au côté admission de ladite pompe à huile (11), et ledit réservoir d'huile de travail (19) est fermé et il comporte des moyens pour maintenir sa pression à une valeur inférieure à la pression du fluide pompé du côté admission ("aspiration") desdites première (14) et seconde (15) unités de pompage.

2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites unités de pompage (14, 15) sont de type à membrane.

3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble de commande d'huile produit des impulsions de type à onde carrée ayant un déphasage de 180°, obtenues en inversant de manière cyclique l'aspiration et le refoulement de ladite pompe rotative volumétrique (11).

4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite vanne rotative (13) comporte deux disques plats en vis-à-vis, le premier étant un disque fixe muni de trous de raccordement pour les tuyaux d'huile, le second étant un disque mobile muni de fentes adaptées pour inverser cycliquement les trous sur le disque fixe deux par deux, placés dans un boîtier hermétique adapté qui est à son tour mis sous pression par l'intermédiaire d'un trou qui le relie à un tuyau d'huile mise sous pression, de manière à assurer un espace d'usure entre les deux disques par l'intermédiaire de la poussée d'huile hydraulique.

5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit disque mobile est formé directement sur la roue d'engrenage lente de l'engrenage réducteur rotatif.

6. Dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un réservoir extérieur de dilatation d'huile (16) sous pression atmosphérique auquel est reliée l'évacuation d'une soupape de sûreté (17), positionné du côté refoulement de ladite pompe rotative volumétrique (11), et à partir duquel une vanne d'équilibrage aspire, calibrée à une basse pression de manière adaptée pour permettre l'aspiration de fluides pompés à des pressions égales ou supérieures à la pression de calibrage.

7. Dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux unités de pompage sont surdimensionnées de sorte qu'une dilatation thermique du fluide de travail est possible et en ce qu'il comporte une soupape de sûreté de déviation intérieure (17) entre le refoulement et l'aspiration de ladite pompe (11).

8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une seconde soupape de sûreté (27), scellée pendant un fonctionnement normal, qui permet l'évacuation extérieure d'un éventuel excès d'huile laissé entré pendant la phase de chargement.

9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir d'huile (19) est partiellement rempli et, pendant la phase de chargement initial, est fixé à une pression suffisamment basse pour permettre l'aspiration de fluides pompés à des pressions supérieures à la pression existant dans ledit réservoir.

10. Dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un réservoir de dilatation d'huile mis sous pression (30) ayant la même pression d'admission du fluide à pomper, qui comporte un réservoir de dilatation à membrane afin d'empêcher des fuites de substances nocives qui peuvent avoir été en contact avec l'huile et afin d'empêcher des courts-circuits dans l'huile.

11. Dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 et 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdites unités de pompage sont de type sans piston.

Drawing