[0001] The present invention relates to a retainer element for fixing one or more roof-covering
elements or façade plating elements to a carrier structure, the retainer element comprising
a holder part and a support part supporting the holder part which engage each other
in such a way that the support part prevents in use a downward movement of the holder
part the holder part being provided to hold one or more roof-covering elements or
façade plating elements and the support part being provided to be fixed to the carrier
structure, an orthogonal system being defined by three orthogonal axes intersecting
each other perpendicularly in an origin, a first orthogonal axis being formed by a
longitudinal axis according to the longitudinal direction of the holder part and the
two other orthogonal axes being formed by a height axis according to the height direction
and a transverse axis according to the transverse direction of the holder part, the
holder part being slidable with respect to the support part along the longitudinal
axis and being rotatable with respect to the support part about the longitudinal axis.
[0002] Such retainer elements are for example applied for constructing a roof covering or
façade plating comprising a plurality of roof-covering elements or façade plating
elements which are connected to each other and the carrier structure by means of the
retainer elements. The roof-covering elements or façade plating elements can for example
extend horizontally, slanting or in a waveform. They can have a constant or tapering
width. The retainer elements are fixed onto the carrier structure at regular distances.
The roof-covering elements or façade plating elements are for example profiled fold
strips or plates having a substantially U-shaped cross section with two opposing standing
edges. The standing edges each end in a substantially cylindrical curl with a substantially
circular cross section. The U-shaped fold strip has a larger curl on one side and
a smaller curl on the other.
[0003] In order to fix the fold strips on the carrier structure, first the retainer elements
are fixed on the carrier structure. Next, the smaller curl of a first fold strip is
placed around the head of the holder parts of the retainer elements. Then, the larger
curl of the adjacent fold strip is placed around the smaller curl of the first fold
strip, after which both curls are mechanically bent around the retainer elements,
for example by means of a folder machine which is known to the person skilled in the
art.
[0004] A retainer element for fixing one or more roof-covering elements or façade plating
elements to a carrier structure is for example known from NL-C-1006110. The retainer
element described in NL-C-1006110 comprises a holder part and a support part which
engage each other. The holder part extends in height direction and comprises a head
portion which is connected to a foot portion over a connecting body. The head portion
is provided to be included in a curl of the roof-covering element or façade plating
element. The foot portion of the retainer element is substantially cylindrical and
is included in a substantially cylindrical groove in the support part, in which it
is slidable in longitudinal direction. This groove is further shaped in such a way,
that the holder part is rotatable with respect to the support part about a longitudinal
axis, which extends centrally through the cylindrical foot portion and in longitudinal
direction. The rotation of the holder part about the longitudinal axis is limited
to an angle of maximum 15° in both directions, due to the body contacting the edge
of the groove at an angle of 15°.
[0005] Because metal roof-covering elements or façade plating elements expand or contract
as a result of temperature differences, the connection is carried out in such a way
that the curl of the roof-covering elements or façade plating element can slide over
the head portion of the retainer element. If this capacity to slide is hampered, friction
may cause undesired forces which may lead to moments, pulling the support part loose
from the carrier structure. This risk mainly exists when the carrier structure is
a brittle base. In the retainer element of NL-C-1006110, which is specially designed
for fixing on a brittle base, the undesired forces can partly be overcome by the slidability
of the holder part in longitudinal direction and its rotatability about the longitudinal
axis.
[0006] However, the retainer element described in NL-C-1006110 has the disadvantage that
the tolerances for placing the retainer elements are very small and difficult to achieve,
so that a special training is required in order to be able to correctly place the
retainer elements. This is due to the requirement that the longitudinal direction
of the holder part substantially has to coincide with the longitudinal direction of
the curl of the roof-covering element or façade plating element. If the accuracy of
fixing the retainer element on the carrier structure is insufficient, for example
due to inaccuracies or carelessness of the person skilled in the art, additional forces
may occur during the sliding of the curl over the head portion. This may for example
occur when irregularities are present on the carrier structure on the location where
the support part is fixed, so that the longitudinal axis of the retainer element encloses
an angle with the plane in which the roof-covering element or façade plating element
mainly extends. This may also occur when the longitudinal axis of the holder part
of the retainer element is insufficiently aligned with the longitudinal direction
of the curl, so that the longitudinal direction of the holder part of the retainer
element encloses an angle with the plane in which the upstanding edge of the roof-covering
element or façade plating element extends. In both cases the longitudinal axis of
the holder part will diverge from the longitudinal direction of the curl, which may
lead to additional, undesired forces caused by friction as a result of the sliding
of the curl over the head portion of the holder part. Furthermore, the diversion may
cause the holder part to become clamped in the support part, so that the sliding and
the rotation of the holder part in the support part may be hampered and further undesired
forces may occur. These undesired forces may lead to moments which act on the support
part and wrench it loose from the carrier structure.
[0007] US-A-1,882,105 also describes a retainer element having a holder part and a support
part. The holder part is connected to the support part by means of a ball joint. This
ball joint allows movements in all directions parallel to the plane of the roof covering,
which means that the holder part is slidable in longitudinal direction with respect
to the support part and is rotatable about its londitudinal axis. In this way, the
retainer element allows the roof covering to expand and contract in consequence of
temperature differences and to move back and forth in consequence of wind stresses.
[0008] It is an aim of the invention to provide a retainer element for fixing one or more
roof-covering elements or façade plating elements to a carrier structure, with which
the risk of the occurrence of undesired forces can be reduced.
[0009] This aim is achieved according to the invention in that the holder part and the support
part engage each other by means of a joint which is located in the origin of the orthogonal
system, which joint comprises at least one protruding part and at least one groove
which are provided to engage in such a way that and which enables a rotation of the
holder part with respect to the support part about each of both the other orthogonal
axes is enabled, and the removability of the holder part from the support part along
the height axis is prevented.
[0010] This means that the joint not only permits a sliding movement of the holder part
according to the longitudinal axis and a rotation of the holder part about the longitudinal
axis, but also a rotation of the holder part about the height axis and a rotation
of the holder part about the transverse axis.
[0011] When the joint enables a rotation of the holder part about the transverse axis, this
has the advantage that, when the longitudinal axis of the holder part encloses an
angle with the plane in which the roof-covering element or façade plating element
mainly extends, the holder part can rotate about the transverse axis until the longitudinal
axis is parallel to said plane. When the joint enables a rotation of the holder part
about the height axis, this has the advantage that, when the longitudinal axis of
the holder part encloses an angle with the plane in which the upstanding edge of roof-covering
element or façade plating element extends, the holder part can rotate about the height
axis until the longitudinal axis is parallel to said plane. As the joint of the retainer
element of the invention enables a rotation about the height axis as well as the transverse
axis, both advantages are combined. Due to the rotatability of the holder part about
the height axis and the transverse axis, the longitudinal axis of the holder part
can be better aligned with the longitudinal direction of the curl than with the known
retainer element, so that the risk of occurrence of undesired forces can be reduced,
which may lead to moments pulling the support part loose from the carrier structure.
As a consequence, the tolerances for placing the retainer element may be larger, since
the alignment of the longitudinal axis with the longitudinal direction of the curl
can be less accurate than with the known retainer element. Furthermore, it is no longer
necessary to very accurately mount the retainer elements in line, since the holder
parts of subsequent retainer elements can align in such a way that they substantially
form a line, if the diversions are not too large. This can facilitate the placement
of the retainer element and remove the necessity of a special training of the person
skilled in the art.
[0012] As the risk of occurrence of undesired forces can be reduced with the retainer element
of the invention and as furthermore the holder part is longitudinally slidable with
respect to the support part, it is made possible to connect the plate-like elements
in a fixed way with the head portion of the holder part, without providing slidability
of the curl over the head portion of the holder part. In this way, the expansion or
contraction of the roof-covering element or façade plating element merely causes a
sliding movement of the holder part with respect to the support part. The sliding
of the curl over the holder part does not take place. This has the advantage that
the lever arm of the moment which is created during sliding and which acts on the
support part, is reduced by a substantial length, since the sliding movement occurs
at the bottom of the holder part in stead of at the top. This moment is reduced substantially
by the shorter lever arm, so that the risk that the support part is pulled from the
carrier structure by this moment can be further reduced. Furthermore, this can facilitate
the fixing of the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements on the retainer
elements, since it no longer has to be made sure that the roof-covering elements or
façade plating elements can slide over the head portions of the retainer elements
upon expansion or contraction.
[0013] In the retainer element according to the invention, the joint comprises at least
one protruding part and at least one groove which are provided to engage in such a
way that the holder part is not removable from the support part along the height axis.
The protruding part is preferably provided on the support part and the groove in the
holder part. Alternatively, the protruding part may also be provided on the holder
part and the groove in the support part. By means of the protruding part and the groove,
the holder part and the support part can be coupled in a simple way. As the holder
part is not removable from the support part in height direction, the retainer element
according to the invention can resist forces which act on the retainer element in
height direction of the holder part. In this way, it can be prevented that the roof-covering
element or façade plating element comes loose from the carrier structure as a result
of such force. Such forces may for example be cause by wind blowing over the roof-covering
element or façade plating element and pulling the roof-covering element or façade
plating element upwards by suction.
[0014] In a first preferred embodiment, the joint is formed by two grooves extending substantially
symmetrically on both sides at the bottom of the holder part and two protruding parts
on the support part which are each provided with a rounded nipple, the nipples being
directed towards each other and the grooves being provided to include the holder part
between the grooves. Because the nipples are rounded, an amount of play is present
between the support part and the holder part. Because of this play, the holder part
is rotatable to both sides about the height axis, the longitudinal axis and the transverse
axis, each time over an angle of for example 15° or more or less. The rotation about
the height axis and the londitudinal axis is limited by the fact that, in the extreme
position, the holder part is in such a way located between the nipples, that it contacts
both. The rotation about the transverse axis is limited by the fact that, in the extreme
position, the bottom side of the holder part contacts the support part. By the rotatability
of the holder part about the height axis, the londitudinal axis and the transverse
axis over 15° it is achieved that the longitudinal axis of the holder part is allowed
to diverge up to 15° from the longitudinal direction of the curl, so that the placement
requires less accuracy than with the known retainer element.
[0015] In a second preferred embodiment, the joint is formed by a groove in the lower part
of the holder part and a protruding part on the support part which is provided to
be included in the groove. The protruding part preferably mainly has the shape of
a sphere or an inverse truncate cone with a sphere segment as base plane. The protruding
part may however also have any other shape deemed suitable by the person skilled in
the art. In the case that the protruding part has the shape of an inverse truncate
cone with a sphere segment as base plane, the groove is preferably formed between
two arms which enclose the cone in such a way that an amount of play is present on
both sides of the cone. This play enables the holder part to rotate about the longitudinal
axis over an angle of for example 15° or more or less. In the case the protruding
part is mainly spherically shaped, the groove is preferably formed between two arms
which cylindrically enclose the protruding part, also with an amount of play for ensuring
the rotatability of the holder part about the longitudinal axis. In both these cases
the holder part is rotatable with respect to the support part about the height axis,
the longitudinal axis, as well as the transverse axis, since the contact surface between
the groove and the protruding part is spherically shaped. The rotation about the height
axis can furthermore occur over 360°, so that upon placement the support part can
be arbitrarily oriented about the height axis with respect to the longitudinal direction
of the curl of the roof-covering element or façade plating element, which can further
facilitate the placement of the retainer element. The embodiment in which the protruding
part has the shape of an inverse truncate cone with a sphere segment as base plane
further has the advantage that it is easy to achieve, since this shape corresponds
to the shape of a screw with a convex head.
[0016] Preferably, the protruding part on the support part is adjustable in height. In this
way, the distance between the upper end of the holder part and the carrier structure
can be adjusted and, consequently, also the distance between the roof covering and
the carrier structure. This can for example be advantageous when an isolating layer
is to be placed between the roof covering and the carrier structure.
[0017] The holder part of the retainer element according to the invention is preferably
provided with blocking means for preventing that the holder part slides off the support
part. These blocking means are preferably located on both ends of the one or more
grooves. In this way it can be prevented that the holder part comes loose from the
support part, when the holder part is moved too far in one direction with respect
to the support part.
[0018] Furthermore, the holder part of the retainer element according to the invention is
preferably provided with positioning means which fix the holder part with respect
to the support part, the positioning means being detachable. These positioning means
are preferably located on both sides of the middle of the one or more grooves. By
means of these positioning means it can be made sure that the holder part takes a
suitable position with respect to the support part, until the roof-covering element
or façade plating element is mounted on it. As these positioning means are detachable,
they do not hamper the movement of the holder part along the longitudinal axis with
respect to the support part. They will become detached when the expansion of contraction
of the roof-covering element or façade plating element causes a sliding movement of
the holder part with respect to the support part.
[0019] This invention further relates to a method for fixing one or more roof-covering elements
or façade plating elements on a carrier structure, use being made of retainer elements
according to the invention, the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements
being provided with a curl on both sides, the method comprising the following steps:
a) fixing each retainer element on the carrier structure by means of the support part,
b) subsequently fixing the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements on the
holder parts of the retainer elements, the curls of the roof-covering elements or
façade plating elements being bent around the head portions of the holder parts,
c) providing each roof-covering element or façade plating element with a single fixed
point, in which the roof-covering element or façade plating element is connected to
the carrier structure in a fixed way,
the curls being bent around the head portions in such a way, that they are connected
to the holder parts in a fixed way. With this method it can be achieved, that no friction
forces occur anymore between the curls and the head portions, only between the holder
parts and the support parts of the retainer elements. This has the advantage that
the lever arms of the moments resulting from friction forces are considerably reduced.
As a result, the risk that the support parts are pulled loose from the carrier structure
can be reduced.
[0020] The fixed connection between the curls and the head portions can be achieved in a
way known to the person skilled in the art, preferably by means of a folding machine
which is known to the person skilled in the art, or in a different way. Fixedly connecting
with a folding machine means that the curls are in such a way bent around the head
portions, that they are not slidable over them. The use of a folding machine for achieving
a fixed connection has the advantage that no fixing means are needed such as for example
bolts, nails or other fixing means.
[0021] In the method according to the invention, each roof-covering element or façade plating
element is provided with a single fixed point, in which the roof-covering element
or façade plating element is fixedly connected to the carrier structure. By this fixed
point one achieves that an expansion, resp. contraction of the roof-covering element
or façade plating element will cause an increase, resp. decrease in length with respect
to this fixed point. This means that the holder parts, on which the roof-covering
element or façade plating element is fixed, after a subsequent expansion and an equally
large contraction, will always substantially return to their original positions with
respect to the support parts. In this way, it can be prevented that the roof-covering
element or façade plating element is moved by subsequent expansions and/or contractions,
which could involve a damaging of one or more retainer elements.
[0022] The invention will be further elucidated by means of the description given below
and the appended figures of preferred embodiments of the retainer element of this
invention.
Figures 1 and 2 respectively show a cross section and a longitudinal section of a
first preferred embodiment of the retainer element according to the invention.
Figures 3 and 4 respectively show a cross section and a longitudinal section of a
second preferred embodiment of the retainer element according to the invention.
Figures 5 and 6 respectively show a cross section and a longitudinal section of a
third preferred embodiment of the retainer element according to the invention.
Figure 7 shows in perspective how roof-covering elements or façade plating elements
are fixed on a carrier structure by means of retainer elements according to the invention.
Figures 8a and 8b show how the undesired moments are limited with the retainer element
of the invention with respect to retainer elements of the prior art.
[0023] The retainer element 1 of the invention, of which three embodiments are shown in
figures 1 to 6, comprises a holder part 2 and a support part 3. The holder part 2
is provided for holding one or more roof-covering elements or façade plating elements
20 (figure 7) and the support part 3 is provided to be fixed on a carrier structure
21 (figure 7). An orthogonal system is defined by a longitudinal axis L, a transverse
axis D and a height axis H, which intersect perpendicularly in an origin O. The longitudinal
axis L is directed according to the longitudinal direction of the holder part 2 of
retainer element 1. The transverse axis D is directed according to the transverse
direction of the holder part 2 of retainer element 1. The height axis H is directed
according to the height direction of the holder part 2 of retainer element 1.
[0024] The holder part 2 and the support part 3 are coupled by means of a joint 10. This
joint enables a sliding movement of the holder part with respect to the support part
along the longitudinal axis L, and a rotation of the holder part with respect to the
support part about the longitudinal axis L. This joint 10 further enables rotations
of the holder part with respect to the support part about the transverse axis D and
the height axis H.
[0025] The holder part 2 preferably comprises a head portion 4 for holding roof-covering
elements or façade plating elements of for example a roof covering. This head portion
4 is connected to a bottom portion 6 over a connecting body 5. The head portion has
for example a shape as shown in figure 1, but may also have any other shape. The support
part 3 comprises a foot 9 which is provided for fixing on a carrier structure.
[0026] The joint 10 preferably comprises at least one protruding part 8, 13, 16 and at least
one groove 7, 12, 14 which are provided to engage each other. In the embodiments shown
in figures 1-6, the protruding part 8, 13, 16 is provided on the support part 3 and
the groove 7, 12, 14 is located in the holder part 2. However, the protruding part
may also be provided on the holder part 2, with the groove then being provided in
the support part 3. The protruding part 8, 13, 16 is provided to be included in the
groove 7, 12, 14, a small amount of play being present between the protruding part
and the groove. The groove and the protruding part engage each other in such a way,
that the holder part 2 is not removable from the support part 3 along the height axis
H. By the play between the protruding part and the groove is achieved that the holder
part 2 is slidable with respect to the support part 3 in longitudinal direction over
the full length of the groove or a portion thereof. Because of the play being present,
the holder part 2 is furthermore rotatable with respect to the support part 3 about
the longitudinal axis L, the transverse axis D and the height axis H. These three
rotary movements can each amount to 15° or more or less.
[0027] The foot 9 of the support element 3 can have a flat or concave bottom side, the bottom
side being that side which contacts the carrier structure after fixing the support
part 3. By means of a concave bottom side (not shown) it is achieved that irregularities
on the bottom side of the foot 9 and on the carrier structure can be included in the
foot 9. In this way, the contact between the foot 9 and the carrier structure can
be limited to the outer edge of the concave bottom side of the foot 9, which is known
to the person skilled in the art as a general mechanical principle. This has the advantage
that a stable contact surface can be achieved between the foot 9 and the carrier structure.
If the contact surface were limited to one or more contact points formed by irregularities
on the foot and the carrier structure, these irregularities would form pivot points,
so that forces being exerted on the foot 9 would lead to a pivoting movement of the
support part 3 about these pivot points. This could damage the support part 3. In
short, this can be avoided by a concave bottom side of the foot 9.
[0028] In the first preferred embodiment of the retainer element, which is shown in figures
1 and 2, the joint 10 is formed by two grooves 14 and two protruding parts 16. The
two grooves 14 are located substantially symmetrically on both sides at the bottom
of the holder part 2 in cross section. Preferably, they extend over the full length
of the holder part 2. Each of these two grooves 14 is formed between each time two
protrusions 15. In this embodiment, the support part 3 comprises two protruding parts
16, each having a rounded nipple 17 on their sides facing each other. The nipples
17 of the protruding parts 16 are directed towards each other. The grooves 14 of the
holder part 2 are provided to include the holder part 2 between the nipples 17. In
the coupled state of the holder part 2 and the support part 3, each nipple is thus
located between each time two protrusions 15, so that the holder part 2 is not removable
from the support part 3 along the height axis, but is however slidable along the longitudinal
axis L with respect to the support part 3. As the nipples 17 are rounded, play is
present between the grooves 14 is the holder part 2 and the nipples 17 of the support
part 3. Because of this play, the holder part 2 can rotate about the longitudinal
axis L, the transverse axis D and the height axis H, each time over for example 15°
or more or less. The rotations about the longitudinal axis L and the height axis H
are limited by the contact between the holder part 2 and both nipples 17 in the extreme
positions. The rotation about the transverse axis D is limited by the contact between
the bottom side of the holder part and the foot 9 of the support part 3 in the extreme
position.
[0029] In the second and third embodiments, respectively shown in figures 3 and 4 and figures
5 and 6, the joint 10 comprises a protruding part 8, 13 which extends along the height
axis H with respect to the foot 9, and a groove 7, 12 which is located in the bottom
part 6 of the holder part 2.
[0030] In the second embodiment, shown in figures 3 and 4, the protruding part substantially
has the shape of a sphere 13. The sphere 13 is connected to the foot 9 over a support
27. The sphere is included in a substantially cylindrical groove 12, which is located
in the bottom part 6 of the holder part 2. The cylindrical groove is enclosed between
two arms 11, which surround the sphere 13 in such a way, that also in this second
embodiment the holder part 2 is not removable from the support part along the height
axis H. As in the first embodiment however, the holder part 2 can slide over the full
length of the groove 12 with respect to the support part 3. The gap between the arms
at the bottom of the sphere is wider than the width of the support 27, which is connected
to the sphere, so that play is present on this location for enabling the rotation
of the holder part about the longitudinal axis L. The cylindrical shape of the groove
12 and the round shape of the sphere 13 make sure that the holder part 2 is rotatable
about the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis D with respect to the support
part 3, each time over for example 15° or more or less. The rotation about the transverse
axis D is limited by the contact between the arms 11 of the holder part 2 with the
foot 9 in the extreme position. The rotation about the longitudinal axis L is limited
by the contact between one of the arms with the support 27 in the extreme position.
Because of the cylindrical shape of the groove 12 and the round shape of the sphere
13, the holder part 2 is furthermore rotatable with respect to the support part 3
about the height axis over 360°.
[0031] In the third embodiment, shown in figures 5 and 6, the protruding part has the shape
of an inverse truncate cone 8 of which the base plane is a sphere segment. The cone
8 is connected to the foot 9 over a support 27. The groove 7 is again formed between
two arms 11, which surround the cone 8 in such a way, that the holder part 2 is not
removable from the support part 3 along the height axis H. The shape of the protruding
part 8 which is described here enables the same movements of the holder part 2 with
respect to the support part 3 as in the second embodiment described in the former
paragraph. In this case, the rotation about the longitudinal axis L is limited by
the contact between one of the arms 11 with the cone 8 or the support 27 in the extreme
position. The rotation about the transverse axis D is again limited by the contact
between the arms 11 and the foot 9 in the extreme position. The rotation about the
height axis H can again amount to 360°. This embodiment has the advantage that it
can be established easily, as the shape of an inverse truncate cone having a sphere
segment as base plane corresponds to the shape of a screw with a convex head.
[0032] In the embodiments shown in figures 3 to 6, the protruding part 8, 13 is preferably
adjustable in height. In this way, the distance between the head 4 of the holder part
2 and the carrier structure 21 can be adjusted and consequently also the distance
between the roof covering 20 and the carrier structure 21. In the embodiment shown
in figures 3 and 4, the adjustability in height can be achieved by providing the support
27 with screw thread at the bottom of the sphere 13. A notch 29 is provided in the
top of the sphere, which for example has a hexagonal shape, so that the support 27
can be screwed more or less into the foot 9 by means of a hexagonal lever. In the
embodiment shown in the figures 5 and 6, the adjustability in height can simply be
achieved by screwing the screw 8, 27 more or less into the foot 9.
[0033] After the height of the protruding part 8, 13 has been set to the desired height,
this position is preferably blocked. This can for example occur by placing a hexagonal
nut (not shown) on the support 27 as jam nut, which is screwed against the foot 9
after the height adjustment.
[0034] In the first preferred embodiment of the retainer element 1 according to the invention,
which is shown in figure 2, the holder part 2 is provided with blocking means 18 which
prevent that the holder part 2 slides off the support part 3. These blocking means
18 are located on at least one and preferably on both ends of both grooves 14. Providing
these blocking means 18 prevents that the holder part 2 comes loose from the support
part 3, when the holder part 2 is moved too far in one direction with respect to the
support part 3. Similar blocking means can also be provided in the second embodiment
of figures 3 and 4 and in the third embodiment of figures 5 and 6.
[0035] The holder part 2 of the retainer element of figure 2 is furthermore provided with
positioning means 19 which fix the holder part 2 with respect to the support part
3. These positioning means 19 are provided to fix the holder part with respect to
the support part, so that the placing of the retainer element 1 can be facilitated.
The positioning means 19 are detachable, so that they do not hamper the expansion
and contraction of a roof-covering element or façade plating element which is mounted
on the retainer element 1. When the expansion or contraction of the roof-covering
element or façade plating element causes a sliding movement of the holder part 2 with
respect to the support part 3, the positioning means will be detached. By fixing the
holder part 2 on a suitable position during the mounting of the roof-covering element
or façade plating element, it is ensured that the holder part 2 can later on sufficiently
move with respect to the support part 3 as a consequence of the expansion and contraction
of the roof-covering element or façade plating element, without the holder part 2
sliding off the support part 3. Similar positioning means may also be provided in
the second embodiment of figures 3 and 4 and in the third embodiment of figures 5
and 6.
[0036] The holder part 2 and the support part 3 are preferably constructed in metal, more
preferably in aluminium. Aluminium has the advantage that it has a low specific weight
and shows a good strength. By constructing the holder part 2 and the support part
3 in aluminium, one achieves a retainer element 1 which is low in weight, so that
the load of the carrier structure can be limited, and a retainer element 1 which shows
sufficient strength to sustain the different loads exerted on it by the roof-covering
element or façade plating element. The holder part 2 and the support part 3 may however
also be constructed in any other material deemed suitable by the person skilled in
the art.
[0037] In a further embodiment of the retainer element 1 according to the invention, the
support part 3 is at least partially constructed in an isolating material. The part
which is constructed in an isolating material, is for example the complete foot 9
or an isolation cap mounted around the periphery of the foot 9. This part in isolating
material forms an isolating separation between the holder part and the carrier structure.
The isolating material can be thermally isolating, electrically isolating or both.
By an electrical isolation is prevented that electrolytic corrosion occurs in the
event of an electrical potential difference between the retainer element and the carrier
structure. Furthermore, an electrical isolation can contribute to the fact that, when
the plate materials are suitably grounded, a system for lightning protection can be
formed with this roof covering. By a thermal isolation one prevents that cold bridges
are created between the carrier structure and the retainer elements. The isolating
material can for example be a plastic material, or any other isolating material known
to the person skilled in the art.
[0038] In figure 7 is shown how the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements 20
are fixed on a carrier structure 21 by means of retainer elements 1. The roof-covering
elements or façade plating elements which are mounted on the retainer elements 1 are
preferably fold plates 20. Such fold plates 20 are mainly U-shaped and have a substantially
flat base plate 22 and first and second standing edges 23, 24 which oppose each other.
Each of these standing edges 23, 24 ends in a curl 25, 26, which extends in longitudinal
direction of the fold plate 20. These curls are substantially cylindrical grooves,
which are tensioned around the head portions 4 of the retainer elements 1. The first
curl 25 of the first standing edge 23 has a larger diameter than the second curl 26
of the second standing edge 24. In this way, it is achieved that the first curl 25
of a first fold plate 20 can be placed around a second curl 26" of an adjacent fold
plate 20".
[0039] The roof-covering elements or façade plating elements 20 are fixed on a carrier structure
21 of for example a roof of a building as follows. First, the retainer elements 1
are fixed on the carrier structure 21 by means of the support parts 3. This can for
example be carried out by screwing or stapling the support parts 3 into the carrier
structure 21, or in any other way known to the person skilled in the art. In a next
step, a first roof-covering element or façade plating element 20 is mounted on the
retainer elements 1. A second roof-covering element or façade plating element 20'
is mounted next to the first plate-like element 20 by placing the first curl 25' of
the second roof-covering elements or façade plating element 20' over the second curl
26 of the first roof-covering element or façade plating element 20. The second curl
26' of the second roof-covering element or façade plating element 20' is placed over
retainer elements 1 on a next carrier 21. In this way, multiple roof-covering elements
or façade plating elements are mounted on the retainer elements. Next, the curls 25,
26 are folded close by means of a folding machine known to the person skilled in the
art, a curl 25 of larger diameter being folded close together with a curl 26 of smaller
diameter. In a final step, each roof-covering element or façade plating element 20
is provided with preferably one fixed point. This means that for example one end of
each roof-covering element or façade plating element 20 is fixed to the carrier structure
21. In this way, it is achieved that the expansion of each roof-covering element or
façade plating element 20 will cause an increase in the length of this roof-covering
element or façade plating element with respect to this fixed point. The holder parts
2 of the retainer elements 1 on which the roof-covering element or façade plating
element 20 is fixed, are hereby moved in a direction away from the fixed point. In
a similar way, a contraction of the roof-covering element or façade plating element
20 causes a sliding movement of the holder parts 2 in a direction towards the fixed
point. As a consequence, by providing each roof-covering element or façade plating
element 20 with a fixed point, it is achieved that the holder parts 2 will substantially
return to their original positions with respect to the support parts 3 after an expansion
and a subsequent evenly large contraction. In this way, it is prevented that the roof-covering
element or façade plating element 20 is moved by subsequent expansions and/or contractions,
by which one or more retainer elements could be damaged and the roof-covering element
or façade plating element 20 could come loose from the carrier structure by a breakage
of the coupling between the holder part 2 and the support part 3.
[0040] Because the joint 10 enables a rotation of the holder part 2 with respect to the
support part 3 about the longitudinal axis L, the transverse axis D and the height
axis H, the placing of the retainer elements 1 can be conducted with higher tolerances
than with the retainer elements known from the prior art. Because of the rotatability
of the holder part 2, this can namely direct itself according to the longitudinal
direction of the curl 25, 26 which is mounted on the head portion 2 of the holder
part 2. Furthermore, because of the slidability of the holder part 2 with respect
to the support part 3 along the longitudinal axis L, the undesired moments can be
limited which occur as a result of friction forces which originate from the sliding
of the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements, en which can pull the support
part loose from the carrier structure. Because of the slidability, possible frictional
forces namely occur in the joint 10 instead of at the head portion 4. This is illustrated
in figures 8a and 8b. With retainer elements known from the prior art, a frictional
force W occurs at the head portion 4. This frictional force W leads to an acting moment
M
o, which strives to pivot the support part 3 about a pivot point A at an end of the
bottom side of the support part 3. This acting moment M
o equals the product W.h
1, in which h
1 is the lever arm or the distance between the pivot point A and the head portion 4
on which the frictional force W acts. A bolt 28, with which the support part 3 is
fixed to the carrier structure 21, has to produce a counteracting moment M
t order to cancel the acting moment M
o. This counteracting moment M
t equals the product T.h
2, in which T is the pull force to be produced by the bolt 28 for the counteracting
moment M
t and h
2 is the lever arm of the pull force T or the distance between the pivot point A and
the axis of the bolt 28. From
and
with the condition that M
t ≥ M
o, follows the condition
In the retianer element of the invention, the frictional force W acts much lower,
namely in the joint 10 instead of in the head portion 4, so that the lever arm h
1' is much smaller than h
1. As a result, the pull force T' which the bolt 28 has to be able to produce with
the retainer element of the invention is
which means that T' is much smaller than the pull force T with the retainer element
of the prior art.
Reference list
[0041]
- 1
- retainer element
- 2
- holder part
- 3
- support part
- 4
- head portion
- 5
- connecting body
- 6
- bottom part
- 7
- groove
- 8
- inverse truncate cone
- 9
- foot
- 10
- joint
- 11
- arms
- 12
- cylindrical groove
- 13
- sphere
- 14
- grooves
- 15
- protrusions
- 16
- protruding parts
- 17
- nipple
- 18
- blocking means
- 19
- positioning means
- 20, 20', 20"
- fold plate
- 21
- carrier structure
- 22
- base plate
- 23,
- 24 standing edge
- 25,
- 25' first curl
- 26,
- 26" second curl
- 27
- support
- 28
- bolt
- 29
- notch
- L
- longitudinal axis
- D
- transverse axis
- H
- height axis
- O
- origin
- W
- frictional force
- T, T'
- pull force
- h1, h1', h2
- lever arm
- A
- pivot point
- Mo
- acting moment
- Mt
- counteracting moment
1. Retainer element (1) for fixing one or more roof-covering elements or façade plating
elements (20, 20', 20") to a carrier structure (21), the retainer element (1) comprising
a holder part (2) and a support part (3) supporting the holder part (2) which engage
each other in such a way that the support part prevents in use a downward movement
of the holder part the holder part (2) being provided to hold one or more roof-covering
elements or façade plating elements and the support part (3) being provided to be
fixed to the carrier structure (21), an orthogonal system being defined by three orthogonal
axes intersecting each other perpendicularly in an origin, a first orthogonal axis
being formed by a longitudinal axis according to the longitudinal direction of the
holder part (2) and the two other orthogonal axes being formed by a height axis according
to the height direction and a transverse axis according to the transverse direction
of the holder part (2), the holder part (2) being slidable with respect to the support
part (3) along the longitudinal axis and being rotatable with respect to the support
part (3) about the longitudinal axis, characterised in that the holder part (2) and the support part (3) engage each other by means of a joint
which is located in the origin of the orthogonal system, which joint comprises at
least one protruding part and at least one groove which are provided to engage in
such a way that a rotation of the holder part (2) with respect to the support part
(3) about each of both the other orthogonal axes is enabled, and the removability
of the holder part (2) from the support part (3) along the height axis is prevented.
2. Retainer element according to claim 1, characterised in that the joint is formed by two grooves at the bottom of the holder part, which grooves
are, considered in cross section, located substantially symmetrically on both sides,
and two protruding parts on the support part which are each provided with a rounded
surface, the protruding parts being directed towards each other and being provided
to be included in the grooves.
3. Retainer element according to claim 1, characterised in that the joint is formed by a groove in a lower part of the holder part and a protruding
part on the support part which is provided to be included in the groove.
4. Retainer element according to claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the protruding part is mainly spherical.
5. Retainer element according to claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the protruding part mainly has the shape of an inverse truncate cone of which the
base plane is a sphere segment.
6. Retainer element according to any one of claims 3-5, characterised in that the protruding part is adjustable in height.
7. Retainer element according to any one of claims 1-6, characterised in that the holder part (2) is provided with blocking means (18) for preventing that the
holder part (2) slides off the support part (3) in longitudinal direction.
8. Retainer element according to any one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the holder part (2) is provided with detachable positioning means (19) which fix
the holder part (2) with respect to the support part (3).
9. Retainer element according to any one of claims 1-8, characterised in that the holder part (2) is constructed in aluminium.
10. Retainer element according to any one of claims 1-9, characterised in that the support part (3) is constructed in aluminium.
11. Retainer element according to any one of claims 1-10, characterised in that the support part (3) is at least partly constructed in a thermally and/or electrically
isolating material, this isolating material forming an isolating separation between
the holder part (2) and the carrier structure (21).
12. Method for fixing one or more roof-covering elements or façade plating elements (20,
20', 20") on a carrier structure (21), use being made of retainer elements (1) according
to any one of the previous claims, the said roof-covering elements or façade plating
elements being provided with a curl (25, 25', 26', 26") on both sides, the method
comprising the following steps:
a) fixing each retainer element (1) on the carrier structure (21) by means of the
support part (3),
b) subsequently fixing the roof-covering elements or façade plating elements (20,
20', 20") on the holder parts (2) of the retainer elements (1), the curls of the roof-covering
elements or façade plating elements (20, 20', 20") being bent around the head portions
(4) of the holder parts,
c) providing each roof-covering element or façade plating element (20, 20', 20") with
a single fixed point, in which the roof-covering element or façade plating element
(20, 20', 20") is connected to the carrier structure (21) in a fixed way,
characterised in that the curls are bent around the head portions (4) in such a way, that they are connected
to the holder parts (2) in a fixed way.
1. Halteelement (1) zum Befestigen von einem oder mehrerer dachabdeckender Elemente oder
Fassadenbeschichtungselemente (20, 20', 20") an eine Trägerstruktur (21), wobei das
Halteelement (1) ein Halteteil (2) und ein das Halteteil (2) unterstützendes Unterstützungsteil
(3) umfasst, die so miteinander eingerastet sind, dass das Unterstützungsteil während
der Benutzung einer nach unten gerichteten Bewegung des Halteteils verhindert, wobei
das Halteteil (2) dafür ausgerüstet ist, um ein oder mehrere dachabdeckende Elemente
oder Fassadenbeschichtungselemente zu halten und das Unterstützungsteil (3) dafür
ausgerüstet ist, um an die Trägerstruktur (21) befestigt zu werden, wobei ein rechtwinkliges
System durch drei senkrecht zueinander verlaufende Achsen, die vertikal zu einem Anfangspunkt
aufeinandertreffen, definiert wird, wobei einer ersten rechtwinkligen Achse von einer
längsverlaufenden Achse entsprechend zur Längsrichtung des Halteteils (2) geformt
wird und die beiden anderen rechtwinkligen Achsen von einer Höhenachse entsprechend
der Höhenrichtung und einer Schrägachse entsprechend der Schrägrichtung des Halteteils
(2) geformt werden, wobei das Halteteil (2) in Bezug auf das Unterstützungsteil (3)
entlang der Längsachse verschiebbar ist und in Bezug auf das Unterstützungsteil (3)
über der Längsachse drehbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Halteteil (2) und das Unterstützungsteil (3) ineinander durch eine Verbindung
einrasten, die sich im Anfangspunkt des rechtwinkligen Systems befindet, wobei die
Verbindung mindestens ein vorstehendes Teil und mindestens eine Aussparung umfasst,
die so eingerastet sind, dass eine Drehung des Halteteils (2) in Bezug auf das Unterstützungsteil
(3) über jede der beiden anderen rechtwinkligen Achsen ermöglicht und die Entfembarkeit
des Halteteils (2) vom Unterstützungsteil (3) entlang der Höhenachse verhindert wird.
2. Halteelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung durch zwei Aussparungen am Boden des Halteteils, die sich im Wesentlichen
symmetrisch auf beiden Seiten befinden, wenn man den Querschnitt betrachtet, und zwei
vorstehenden Teilen am Unterstützungsteil, die jeweils über eine abgerundete Oberfläche
verfügen, geformt wird, wobei die vorstehenden Teile einander zugerichtet sind und
vorgesehen sind, um in den Aussparungen beinhaltet zu sein.
3. Halteelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung durch eine Aussparung im unteren Teil des Halteelements und ein vorstehendes
Teil des Unterstützungsteils geformt wird, wobei das vorstehende Teil vorgesehen ist,
um in der Aussparung beinhaltet zu sein.
4. Halteelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorstehende Teil hauptsächlich kugelförmig ist.
5. Halteelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorstehende Teil hauptsächlich die Form eines entgegengesetzt abgestumpften Kegels
hat, bei dem die Grundebene ein Kugelsegment ist.
6. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 3-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorstehende Teil höhenverstellbar ist.
7. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Halteteil (2) mit einem Sperrmittel (18) ausgestattet ist, um zu verhindern,
dass das Halteteil (2) vom Unterstützungsteil (3) in Längsrichtung abrutscht.
8. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Halteteil (2) mit einem abnehmbaren Positioniermittel (19) ausgestattet ist,
um das Halteteil (2) in Bezug auf das Unterstiltzungsteil (3) zu befestigen.
9. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 1-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Halteteil (2) aus Aluminium erstellt wurde.
10. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 1-9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Unterstützungsteil (3) aus Aluminium erstellt wurde.
11. Halteelement nach einem beliebigen vorstehenden Anspruch 1-10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Unterstützungsteil zumindest teilweise aus einem thermisch bzw. elektrisch isolierendem
Material erstellt wurde, wobei dieses Isolationsmaterial eine isolierende Teilung
zwischen dem Halteteil (2) und der Trägerstruktur (21) formt.
12. Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines oder mehrerer dachabdeckender Elemente oder Fassadenabdeckungselemente
(20, 20', 20") auf einer Trägerstruktur (21), wobei Halteelemente (1) entsprechend
einer der vorherigen Ansprüche eingesetzt werden, wobei die dachabdeckenden Elemente
oder Fassadenabdeckungselemente mit einem Ring (25, 25', 26', 26") auf beiden Seiten
ausgestattet sind, wobei das Verfahren die folgende Schritte umfasst:
a) Befestigen jedes Halteelements (1) auf der Trägerstruktur (21) durch das Unterstützungsteil
(3),
b) nachfolgende Befestigung der dachabdeckenden Elemente oder der Fassadenabdeckungselemente
(20, 20', 20") auf den Halteteilen (2) der Haltelemente (1), wobei die Ringe der dachabdeckenden
Elemente oder der Fassadenabdeckungselemente (20, 20', 20") um die oberen Abschnitte
(4) der Halteteile gebogen werden,
c) Vorsehen eines jeden dachabdeckenden Elements oder Fassadenabdeckungselements (20,
20', 20") mit einem einzelnen festen Punkt, wo das dachabdeckende Element oder das
Fassadenabdeckungselement (20, 20', 20") mit der Trägerstruktur (21) fest verbunden
wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ringe um die oberen Abschnitte (4) so gebogen sind, dass sie fest mit den Halteteilen
(2) verbunden sind.
1. Élément de retenue (1) pour fixer un ou plusieurs éléments de couverture de toit ou
éléments de revêtement de façade (20, 20', 20") à une structure porteuse (21), l'élément
de retenue (1) comprenant une pièce de maintien (2) et une pièce de support (3) supportant
la pièce de maintien (2) qui entrent en prise l'une avec l'autre de telle manière
que la pièce de support empêche à l'usage un mouvement vers le bas de la pièce de
maintien, la pièce de maintien (2) étant prévue pour maintenir un ou plusieurs éléments
de couverture de toit ou éléments de revêtement de façade et la pièce de support (3)
étant prévue pour être fixée à la structure porteuse (21), un système orthogonal étant
défini par trois axes orthogonaux se coupant perpendiculairement en un point d'origine,
un premier axe orthogonal étant formé par un axe longitudinal suivant la direction
longitudinale de la pièce de maintien (2) et les deux autres axes orthogonaux étant
formés par un axe en hauteur suivant la direction de la hauteur et un axe transversal
suivant la direction transversale de la pièce de maintien (2), la pièce de maintien
(2) pouvant coulisser par rapport à la pièce de support (3) le long de l'axe longitudinal
et pouvant tourner par rapport à la pièce de support (3) autour de l'axe longitudinal,
caractérisé en ce que la pièce de maintien (2) et la pièce de support (3) entrent en prise l'une avec l'autre
au moyen d'une articulation qui est située à l'origine du système orthogonal, laquelle
articulation comprend au moins une partie en saillie et au moins une gorge qui sont
prévues pour entrer en prise de manière à permettre une rotation de la pièce de maintien
(2) par rapport à la pièce de support (3) autour de chacun des deux autres axes orthogonaux
et d'empêcher le retrait de la pièce de maintien (2) de la pièce de support (3) le
long de l'axe en hauteur.
2. Élément de retenue selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'articulation est formée par deux gorges au bas de la pièce de maintien, lesquelles
gorges, vues en coupe transversale, sont situées de manière sensiblement symétrique
sur les deux côtés, et par deux parties en saillie sur la pièce de support qui sont
pourvues chacune d'une surface arrondie, les parties en saillie étant dirigées l'une
vers l'autre et étant prévues pour être inclues dans les gorges.
3. Élément de retenue selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'articulation est formée par une gorge dans une partie inférieure de la pièce de
maintien et par une partie en saillie sur la pièce de support qui est prévue pour
être incluse dans la gorge.
4. Élément de retenue selon la revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie en saillie est essentiellement sphérique.
5. Élément de retenue selon la revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie en saillie a essentiellement la forme d'un cône tronqué inversé dont le
plan de base est un segment de sphère.
6. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 3 - 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie en saillie est ajustable en hauteur.
7. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 1 - 6, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de maintien (2) est pourvue de moyens de blocage (18) pour empêcher que
la pièce de maintien (2) ne sorte de la pièce de support en glissant dans la direction
longitudinale.
8. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 1 - 7, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de maintien (2) est pourvue de moyens de positionnement (19) détachables
qui fixent la pièce de maintien (2) par rapport à la pièce de support (3).
9. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 1 - 8, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de maintien (2) est construite en aluminium.
10. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 1 - 9, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de support (3) est construite en aluminium.
11. Élément de retenue selon une quelconque des revendications 1 - 10, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de support (3) est construite au moins en partie dans une matière thermiquement
et / ou électriquement isolante, cette matière isolante formant une séparation isolante
entre la pièce de maintien (2) et la structure porteuse (21).
12. Méthode pour fixer un ou plusieurs éléments de couverture de toit ou élément de revêtement
de façade (20, 20', 20") sur une structure porteuse (21), usage étant fait d'éléments
de retenue (1) selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lesdits éléments
de couverture de toit ou éléments de revêtement de façade étant pourvus d'un arrondi
(25, 25', 26', 26") des deux côtés, la méthode comprenant les étapes suivantes :
a) fixer chaque élément de retenue (1) sur la structure porteuse (21) au moyen de
la pièce de support (3),
b) fixer ensuite les éléments de couverture de toit ou éléments de revêtement de façade
(20, 20', 20") sur les pièces de maintien (2) des éléments de retenue (1), les arrondis
des éléments de couverture de toit ou élément de revêtement de façade étant courbés
autour des parties de tête (4) des pièces de maintien,
c) pourvoir chaque élément de couverture de toit ou élément de revêtement de façade
(20, 20', 20") d'un seul point fixe au niveau duquel l'élément de couverture de toit
ou élément de revêtement de façade (20, 20', 20") est connecté à la structure porteuse
(21) de manière fixe,
caractérisée en ce que les arrondis sont courbés autour des parties de tête (4) de manière à être connectés
aux pièces de maintien (2) de manière fixe.