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(11) | EP 1 127 667 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
A glazing machine for ceramic tiles Vorrichtung zum Glasieren von keramischen Fliesen Une machine d'émaillage pour carreaux en céramique |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0002] Specifically, though not exclusively, the invention is usefully applied in laying a continuous and uniform coating of glaze over all of the upper surface of ceramic tiles.
[0004] Italian patent, ITMO 980142, in the present applicant's name, teaches a glazing machine of the above-indicated type, in which the tiles advance along a chain-link conveyor. One of the problems in known glazing machines is that the conveyor links are fouled by glaze as they pass through the glaze distribution zone, with a consequent waste of glaze and malfunctioning of the conveyor plane.
[0005] A further problem is caused by the need to guarantee that the quantity of glaze apportioned to each tile is uniform and constant.
[0006] US-A-4 249 478 discloses a machine for coating work pieces with a curtain of liguified material and deals with means for automatically controlling the thickness of the coating layer applied to the upper surface of the work piece as it passes through a curtain created by conventional means including a positive displacement pump in conjunction whith any elongated defining a cross sectional area such that the volume rate of flow of the coating material is directly related to the speed of the pump motor. The work pieces are generally flat and are conveyed by a conveyor.
[0009] A further advantage is that the quantity of glaze distributed on the tiles is kept under control even if some machine operation parameters are changed, such as for example tile advance speed, glaze delivery rate, especially glaze mass delivery rate, viscosity of the glaze, glaze density, and so on.
[0010] These aims and advantages and more besides are all attained by the present invention, as it is characterised in the appended claims.
[0011] Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will better emerge from the detailed description that follows of a preferred but non-exclusive embodiment of the invention, illustrated purely by way of a non-limiting example in the accompanying figures of the drawings, in which:
figure 1 is a diagram of a glazing machine made according to the invention.
[0012] With reference to the above-mentioned figure, 1 denotes in its entirety a glazing machine for ceramic tiles, which can distribute a continuous and uniform layer of glaze on the upper surface of the tiles.
[0013] The machine 1 comprises a horizontal conveyor plane 2, along which the tiles 3 advance in an orderly fashion, one after another in an advancement direction F.
[0014] At least one device 4 for distributing glaze on the transiting tiles is predisposed above the conveyor plane 2. This device 4 comprises a sealed distribution chamber having an inlet 5 connected with a glaze supply and an outlet 6 for the glaze. The outlet 6 is conformed in such a way that the glaze can exit in the form of a thin veil 7, a continuous vertical rain which deposits on the upper surface of the underlying tiles 3 as they pass on the conveyor plane 2. The outlet 6 is a thin fissure, straight and extending along a transversal direction to direction F, in which the tiles 3 are advancing. The length of the longitudinal glaze outlet fissure is not shorter than the transversal dimension of the tiles 3. The width of the glaze outlet fissure is adjustable, so that the width of the veil 7 of glaze falling on the tiles can be regulated.
[0015] The conveyor plane 2 comprises a first conveyor 2a supplying the tiles 3 and a second conveyor 2b for extracting the tiles 3; the first conveyor 2a is upstream of the glaze distribution zone, while the second conveyor 2b is downstream thereof. Both conveyors 2a and 2b are preferably belt-type.
[0016] The first conveyor 2a has a tile drop end which is situated at a predetermined distance, measured in advancement direction F, from the vertical of the outlet 6 of the glaze distribution chamber.
[0017] The second conveyor 2b has a tile collection end which predisposed to receive the tiles 3 from the tile drop end of the first conveyor 2a, which is situated at a predetermined distance, measured according to the advance direction F, from the vertical of the outlet of the glaze distribution chamber. Between the tile drop end of the first conveyor 2a and the tile collection end of the second conveyor 2b there is an empty space, which is crossed by the vertical of the glaze distribution chamber outlet 6. Basically, the two conveyors 2a and 2b, which are coplanar and reciprocally distanced, define a sort of interruption in the overall conveyor plane 2 at the zone where the glaze drops. This interruption in the conveyor plane does not constitute a break in the tile advance along the plane 2, so there is no instability in the tile progress.
[0018] The conveyor plane 2 is actuated by a means comprising at least one motor 8a which drives the first conveyor 2a and a motor 8b driving the second conveyor 2b.
[0019] The means for supplying glaze are predisposed for pressure-feeding the glaze to the sealed glaze distribution chamber. The means for supplying glaze comprise at least one hydraulic supply circuit terminating in the glaze distribution chamber under pressure; at least one pump 9, preferably of the positive-displacement type, operates along the glaze supply circuit.
[0020] The pump 9 is equipped with means for controlling and regulating the batched supply of glaze to the distribution chamber, which means preferably comprise a glaze delivery measuring device 10 in the supply circuit and which supply one or more signals which can be used to control the pump 9.
[0021] The glaze delivery measuring device 10 is advantageously constituted by a mass delivery gauge which also measures the density of the supplied product.
[0022] A glaze supply circuit central control unit 11 is predisposed to receive the delivery signals supplied by the measuring device 10 and in turn supplies a control signal to a pump 9 activating motor 12. The central control unit 11 is predisposed to compare the delivery signals (mass and density) supplied by the measuring device 10 with the preset delivery values (mass and density) so as to be able to maintain constant the delivery (in terms of mass) to the glaze supply circuit.
[0024] The central control unit 11 is predisposed to set and maintain the conveyor motors and the pump motor 12 in a predetermined relationship.
[0025] Both the pump motor 12 and the belt drive motors 8a and 8b (belts 2a and 2b) are preferably electrically-powered and controlled by an inverter.
[0026] The glazing machine is also provided with means for excess glaze collection, which convey excess glaze (glaze which has outletted from the distribution chamber but which has not coated a tile) to a collection tank 14 connected to the supply circuit. The means for excess glaze collection comprise a small tank 15 predisposed below the conveyor plane 2 (and in particular below the glaze distribution zone and below the space where the two belts 2a and 2b leave the empty space) and collects excess glaze, and a device 16 for filtering the glaze which is located upstream of the collection tank 14.
[0027] A remote personal computer 17 could be used for contemporaneously overseeing the control units of a plurality of glazing machines operating in sequence along a single glazing line.
[0028] During operation, the tiles are supplied at a predetermined constant speed into the glazing zone located below the distributing device. The glaze is supplied under pressure to the distribution chamber and from there descends in a continuous and uniform veil onto the underlying transiting tiles, leaving a regular and continuous coating of glaze thereon.
[0029] In the zone where the glaze drips down, corresponding in effect to the vertical projection of the lower outlet 6 of the pressurised chamber of the distributing device 4, there is an interruption in the conveyor plane 2, so that the plane 2 itself is not fouled by the glaze. The part of glaze distributed but not deposited on the tiles is recuperated, and waste is therefore reduced to a minimum.
[0030] As mentioned previously, the central unit 11 is able to maintain the conveyor plane advancement speed and the delivery in terms of mass of the glaze in the supply circuit in a reciprocal relationship. If, for whatever reason (for example, an operator error, or a change in glaze viscosity or density, or wear in the conveyor plane or supply pump, etc.) one of the above-mentioned parameters undergoes a sudden change, the central unit 11 automatically corrects the other parameter so as to keep the quantity of glaze distributed on each single tile 3 constant. This allows improvement in the quality of the production, and also enables manual control by an operator of the thickness of the glaze to be avoided.
a horizontal conveyor plane (2), powered by motors (8a) and (8b), along which tiles (3) advance one after another in an advancement direction (F);
at least one glaze distributing device (4), predisposed above the conveyor plane (2), for distributing glaze on the transiting tiles (3), the al least one glaze distributing device (4) comprising a sealed distribution chamber having an inlet (5) and on outlet (6) for the glaze, the outlet (6) being straight, narrow and elongate in a transversal direction to an advancement direction (F) of the tiles (3);
means for supplying glaze under pressure to the inlet (5) of the distribution chamber, which means for supplying comprise a glaze supply circuit alon which a pump (9) operates, which pump (9) is actuated by a motor (12);
the glaze exiting from the outlet (6) in a vertically-directed veil and depositing on upper surfaces of the tiles (3) transiting on the conveyor plane (2);
wherein:the conveyor plane (2) comprises a first conveyor (2a) for supplying the tiles and a second conveyor (2b) for receiving the tiles (3), the first conveyor (2a) being located upstream of a glaze distribution zone and the second conveyor (2b) being located downstream of the glaze distribution zone;
the first conveyor (2a) has a tile drop end situated at a predetermined distance, measured in the tile advancement direction (F), from a vertical projection originating from the outlet (6) of the glaze distribution chamber;
the second conveyor (2b) has a tile collection end, predisposed to receive the tiles (3) from the first conveyor (2a) drop end, situated at a predetermined distance, measured in the tile advancement direction (F), from a vertical projection originating from the outlet (6) of the glaze distribution chamber;
between the tile drop end of the first conveyor (2a) and the tile collection end of the second conveyor (2b) there being a space which is crossed by the vertical projection originating at the outlet (6) of the glaze distribution chamber;
a central control unit (11) being provided for setting the motors (8a, 8b) of the conveyor plane (2) in a fixed relationship with the motors (12), of the pump (9) of the supply circuit, characterized, in that said central control unit (11) being connected to a glaze mass delivery measuring device (10) operating in the supply circuit, the central control unit (11) being predisposed to compare a mass delivery signal provided by the delivery megsuring device (10) with a preset mass delivery value so as to maintain mass delivery in the supply circuit at a constant level.
eine horizontale Förderfläche (2), angetrieben durch Motoren (8a) und (8b), entlang welcher die Fliesen (3) eine nach der anderen in einer Vorschubrichtung (F) vorlaufen; wenigstens eine Glasurverteilvorrichtung (4), vorgesehen oberhalb der Förderfläche (2), zum Verteilen der Glasur auf den durchlaufenden Fliesen (3), wobei die wenigstens eine Glasurverteilvorrichtung (4) eine abgedichtete Verteilkammer mit einem Einlass (5) und einem Auslass (6) für die Glasur hat, und wobei der Auslass (6) geradlinig, schmal und verlängert in einer zu der Vorschubrichtung (F) der Fliesen (3) querverlaufenden Richtung verläuft; Mittel zum Zuführen der Glasur unter Druck an den Einlass (5) der Verteilkammer, welche Zuführmittel einen Zuführkreis für die Glasur enthalten, entlang welchem eine Pumpe (9) arbeitet, welche Pumpe (9) durch einen Motor (12) angetrieben wird; wobei die Glasur aus dem Auslass (6) in Form eines vertikal gerichteten Films austritt und auf die oberen Oberflächen der auf der Förderfläche (2) durchlaufenden Fliesen (3) aufgetragen wird;
bei welcher die Förderfläche (2) einen ersten Förderer (2a) zum Zuführen der Fliesen (3) und einen zweiten Förderer (2b) zum Aufnehmen der Fliesen (3) enthält, wobei der erste Förderer (2a) stromaufwärts des Glasurverteilbereiches angeordnet ist und der zweite Förderer (2b) stromabwärts des Glasurverteilbereiches angeordnet ist;
der erste Förderer (2a) hat ein Austrittsende der Fliesen, das mit einem vorgegebenen Abstand, gemessen in der Vorschubrichtung (F) der Fliesen, von einer vertikalen, von dem Auslass (6) der Glasurverteilkammer ausgehenden Projektion positioniert ist;
der zweite Förderer (2b) hat ein Aufnahmeende der von dem Austrittsende des ersten Förderers (2a) kommenden Fliesen, das mit einem vorgegebenen Abstand, gemessen in der Vorschubrichtung (F) der Fliesen, von einer vertikalen, von dem Auslass (6) der Glasurverteilkammer ausgehenden Projektion positioniert ist; wobei zwischen dem Austrittsende der Fliesen des ersten Förderers (2a) und
dem Aufnahmeende der Fliesen des zweiten Förderers (2b) ein Freiraum vorhanden ist, der von der vertikalen, von dem Auslass (6) der Glasurverteilkammer ausgehenden Projektion durch laufen wird;
wobei eine zentrale Steuereinheit (11) vorgesehen ist, um die Motoren (8a, 8b) der Förderfläche (2) in einem festen Verhältnis zu den Motoren (12) der Pumpe (9) des Zuführkreises einzustellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zentrale Steuereinheit (11) an eine Messvorrichtung (10) für die Durchlaufmenge der Glasur angeschlossen ist, die in dem Zuführkreis arbeitet, wobei die zentrale Steuereinheit (11) dazu vorgesehen ist, ein durch die Messvorrichtung (10) für die Durchlaufmenge erzeugtes Signal der entsprechenden Durchlaufmenge mit einem vorgegebenen Durchlaufmengenwert zu vergleichen, so dass die Durchlaufmenge in dem Zuführkreis gleichbleibend gehalten wird.un plan de transport horizontal (2), actionné par des moteurs (8a) et (8b), le long duquel des carreaux (3) avancent l'un après l'autre dans une direction d'avancée (F);
au moins un dispositif de distribution de l'émail (4), prédisposé au-dessus du plan de transport (2), pour distribuer l'émail sur les carreaux (3) en transit, ledit au moins un dispositif de distribution de l'émail (4) comprenant une chambre de distribution étanche pourvue d'une entrée (5) et d'une sortie (6) pour l'émail, la sortie (6) étant rectiligne, étroite et allongée dans une direction transversale à une direction d'avancée (F) des carreaux (3);
des moyens de fourniture de l'émail sous pression dans l'entrée (5) de la chambre de distribution, lesquels moyens de fourniture comprenant un circuit d'alimentation d'émail le long duquel une pompe (9) opère, laquelle pompe (9) est actionnée par un moteur (12);
l'émail sortant de la sortie (6) sous la forme d'un voile vertical et se déposant sur les surfaces supérieures des carreaux (3) transitant sur le plan de
transport (2);
dans laquelle:le plan de transport (2) comprend un premier convoyeur (2a) pour alimenter les carreaux et un second convoyeur (2b) pour recevoir les carreaux (3), le premier convoyeur (2a) étant disposé en amont d'une zone de distribution de l'émail et le second convoyeur (2b) étant disposé en aval de la zone de distribution de l'émail;
le premier convoyeur (2a) présente une extrémité de sortie des carreaux située à une distance prédéterminée, mesurée dans la direction d'avancée du carreau (F), d'une projection verticale de la sortie (6) de la chambre de distribution de l'émail;
le second convoyeur (2b) présente une extrémité d'entrée du carreau, prédisposée pour recevoir les carreaux (3) provenant de l'extrémité de sortie du premier convoyeur (2a), située à une distance prédéterminée, mesurée dans la direction d'avancée du carreau (F), à partir d'une projection verticale de la sortie (6) de la chambre de distribution de l'émail;
entre l'extrémité de sortie du carreau du premier convoyeur (2a) et l'extrémité d'entrée du carreau du second convoyeur (2b) existant un espace traversé par la projection verticale de la sortie (6) de la chambre
de distribution de l'émail;
une unité centrale de contrôle (11) étant prévue pour mettre les moteurs (8a, 8b) du plan de transport (2) en relation fixe avec les moteurs (12) de la pompe (9) du circuit d'alimentation;
caractérisée en ce que ladite unité centrale de contrôle (11) est connectée à un dispositif de mesure du débit de l'émail (10) opérant dans le circuit d'alimentation, l'unité centrale de contrôle (11) étant prédisposée pour comparer un signal de débit fourni par le dispositif de mesure d'alimentation (10) à une valeur de débit prédéfinie de manière à maintenir le débit du circuit d'alimentation à un niveau constant.