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(11) | EP 1 163 416 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
GROUND SILL CONSTRUCTION BODENSCHWELLE STRUCTURE DE SEUIL DE SOL |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] The invention relates to a casing for a door or a window, which may or may not be provided with a moveable part, such as a door leaf or a sliding door. In particular the invention relates to such casings which are situated at or below ground surface.
[0002] Such casings are known in many designs. In a known embodiment the posts and both sills are made of wood. Such casings are usually prefabricated in a joinery's works and are set as a unity in the construction at the building site, the ground sill attached to the concrete floor parts.
[0003] In another known embodiment casings of wood are used but then provided with a ground sill of nature stone or so-called artificial stone, such as for instance Holonite (registered trademark). Nature stone is durable but has the drawback of being difficult to work and expensive. Artificial stone is a reasonable substitute for nature stone, but is also difficult to work so that it has to be brought in the exact shape beforehand. Because of the moulding process the bottom side has a slightly broader width than the upper side -suited to the post cross-section-, as a result of which placing this ground sill can be problematic. Furthermore both kinds of "stone" have in common that the sill made from them may from a cold bridge. Moreover, special provisions have to be made for the connection to the posts of the casing. The ground sills made of nature stone or artificial stone are fragile, heavy and are placed and transported to the building site separately. The casings consisting of wooden posts -and kept together by a ribband- and upper sill are then already fitted. In sofar as the artificial stone ground sills would be mounted to the casing beforehand the aforementioned unparallel location of the vertical planes of the ground sill -as a result of the tapered shape- would be a problem when placing and holding the casing and sill during the mounting operations.
[0004] The use of casings with one or several aluminium parts is also known. Aluminium has the advantage of being easily extruded, but the disadvantage of being expensive. Aluminium, moreover, is prone to attacks by cement and to damage.
[0005] In connection with the improvement of the accessibility of buildings it is strived for to create as few barriers as possible to humans who have difficulties walking and in particular people who move about with the help of rolling aids, such as a rollator or a wheelchair. It is desirable here that the threshold formed by the ground sill of a casing is so low that the wheels of the rollator or the wheelchair can easily roll past it. To that end the top surface of the ground sill has to be situated lower than has been usual up until now, namely -according to present standards- 2 cm higher at a maximum than the connecting surface of the ground surface (on the one hand) and the floor (on the other hand).
[0006] This can be achieved by having the posts extend further downwards and placing the ground sill lower. With wooden ground sills however, this has the drawback that the material is located closer to or deeper into the moist ground, and will also contact stagnant water over a larger part. Reducing the profile height is no solution because of the wanted strength.
[0007] Use of ground sills of nature stone or artificial stone located recessed could be a possibility, but that would entail the above-mentioned drawbacks. The formation of a cold bridge will also increase with a recessed location. Furthermore the mounting will be more difficult.
[0008] The invention now has the objective to improve on this and to that end provides a casing according to claim 1. This material is easy to work, in particular in a machining treatment, is relatively light, can be recycled, and can easily be made hardwearing. The formation of a cold bridge is ruled out. The ground sills, preferably solid, can be supplied to the joinery's works in the wanted profile shape and with possible intermediate parts, such as plinth blocks, in order to be accommodated in a completely pre-fabricated casing, which is ready for transport to and arrangement at the building side.
[0010] WO-A1-99113191 relates to a casing having posts made of filler bound together by thermoplastic material and a ground sill composed of a profile of the same material as the posts, covered with an aluminium profile.
[0011] NL-A-7211777 relates to connection between a post and ground sill in which use is made of plinth blocks.
[0012] Preferably the ground sill and possibly the plinth blocks of the ground sill construction are made of a plastic, for instance poly olefin or pvc. Pvc is very suitable. Regarding pvc a construction of full core pvc should be thought of, for instance solid, or provided with a foamed core. In this way the ground sill and possibly the plinth blocks can be made by means of extrusion.
[0013] Poly olefin is preferred however, because of the above-mentioned advantages. In the following text the ground sill relates to the former ground sill as described with respect to the casing, and to the ground sill as described with respect to the ground sill construction.
[0014] Preferably the ground sill is made of a poly olefin having a molecular weight of between 150.103 and 4.106, preferably 0.5.106. Said material appeared to be very suitable and resistant to intensive use.
[0015] Preferably the poly olefin is a poly ethylene, preferably a material from the group formed by LDPE, LLDPE, HMWPE and UHMWPE. Such polyethenes can be recycled very well, so that preferably such recycled material is included in the ground sill. The material is very suitable for use in the "Durable building" program in the Netherlands. The recycled material can in an advantageous manner -at last partly- consist of visible particles, which particles preferably have a different colour. Most of the material of the ground sill may for instance be black, with in it lighter pieces of recycled material, which gives it a natural appearance, when a stone-like appearance is wanted. Alternatively of course a wood pattern could also be realised in a similar manner. The material has a higher ignition temperature than wood: in order to ignite permanent contact with a flame is necessary.
[0016] By ground sill is meant here the actual ground sill of an entrance opening, but also the ground sill of a fixed window, such a side-light near a door. The ground sill of the door opening is then in an advantageous manner extended in order to form the ground sill of an opening for fixed glazing situated adjacent to the casing. As a result the manufacturing of such an assembled casing is simple and wood is saved on.
[0017] At the location of the connection to the posts, the ground sill can be provided with plinth blocks, which preferably are made of the same material as the ground sill.
[0018] In construction work joints, in particular joints between casings and the surrounding construction, are usually sealed with a sealant. However this is not durable and not simple to apply. In the ground sill construction and the casing according to the invention a sealing is moreover necessary to stop rising dämpness in the usually wooden posts. In the ground sill construction according to the invention it is preferred that the flashings of sealing material are arranged between the plinth blocks and the posts. To that end the invention also relates to a flashing for sealing joints and chinks in constructions, specifically for sealing connection joints between one casing part and the other and the remaining construction, the flashing being made of a flexible plastic having a closed cell structure, and an elongation strength to rupture which is higher than 120%.
[0019] Such a flashing serves for instance to stop vertically rising dampness in a ground sill construction and casing as described above. It appears to be important that the material of the flashing follows the wood grain well, and after pressing in returns slowly into the original position. In this way the wood appears to be sufficiently protected against rising dampness.
[0021] Preferably the flashing has a pressure force at 40% of 8-12 N/cm2, the flashing particularly has a tensile strength which is higher than 350 kPa, and more specifically has a pressure deviation 50% 22 hours at 23°C of 6-10%. An even better sealing appears to be achieved as a result.
[0022] A flashing having an elongation strength to rupture higher than 140%, a water absorption lower or equal to 8%, a pressure force at 40% of 9-11 N/cm2 and a pressure deviation 50% 22 hours at 23°C of 7-9% is even better. Optimized results are obtained with a flashing made of EPDM, of approximately 2-10 mm. In order to easily arrange the flashing it may be provided with an acrylate gluing.
[0023] The various characteristics are indicated according to the following standards:
Pressure force at 40%: DIN 53577
Pressure deviation 50 % 22 hour/23 degrees Celsius: ASTM D1056
Elongation strength to rupture and tensile strength: ISO 371977H.
[0024] By using the specific flashing it is possible to build the ground sill construction and the casing in a very durable manner. For instance this appeared during tests, such as fast wearing tests BRL0801 facade elements, as for instance carried out by SHR, Stichting Hout Research (Wood Research Foundation). Here the construction including wooden posts is exposed to a test of 6 weeks. During this time cycles of two days of raining and subsequently two days of drying, after which exposure to -10 degrees Celsius, are repeated over and over again. The ground sill construction was not damaged then.
[0025] The harmful influence of moisture on the wooden posts is further counteracted, when the ground sill, the plinth blocks and the posts are connected to each other by means of screws, which screws are surrounded in the posts by plastic covers or plugs.
[0026] Rising dampness is further counteracted when for attachment of the screws in the posts use is made of so-called screw plugs or plugs that can be inserted otherwise. Also in the used situation said plugs shield screw itself from the wood, so that along the screw rising dampness cannot or hardly reach the wood. Preferably the plugs continue until through the ground sill, and more preferably a plastic or rubber ring is arranged between the screws and the plugs. As a result no water passes in the construction along the plugs or screws.
[0027] A splashboard made of plastic, in particular made of the plastics already mentioned may be added to the casing of the invention. As a result a durable construction is obtained, whereas no cold bridge is formed, as is common with the generally used concrete splashboards. Moreover such a splashboard is lightweight, so that it is simpler and cheaper to transport to the building site.
[0028] The invention will be elucidated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a connection of a ground sill according to the invention to a post, in disassembled situation:
Figure 2 shows the connection of figure 1 in assembled situation, with an extended ground sill according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the way in which the parts of figure 1 are attached to each other; and
Figure 4a and 4B show a splashboard.
[0029] The ground sill 1 shown in figure 1 is made of poly olefin, in particular a polyethene, in particular of the material "Hollodeen", available from Kreunen Kunststoffen B.V. of Lochem, the Netherlands. Said material is easy to work, in view of a machining treatment and in view of making attachment holes. The material having a molecular weight of 150.103 and 4.106, preferably 0.5.106, furthermore is very hardwearing and weather resistant. "Hollodeen" has a wearing value tested according to the "Sandslurry" testing method of 63% of the one of Steel ST 37.
[0030] The material of the ground sill may be entirely or partially recycled. For the sight particles of recycled, regenerated material may be included in the material. The material is easy to recycle, because no toxic substances are released when burned, at least not to a more disadvantageous degree in relation to what is released when burning wood. When burned mainly CO and H2O arise.
[0033] At the top side the ground sill 1 can in the usual manner be provided with a plane 5 which inclines downward to the outside and a threshold 6. The threshold 6 is provided with a recesses step 7, in which a draught profile 8 of plastic is attached. For the connection to the lower side of the posts 2 a plinth block 3 is used, made of the same material as the ground sill 1, and a sealing flashing 4 made of flexible material, which can be cut to size with a stanley knife and -if necessary- can be finished after it has been placed. As shown in figure 3, the posts 2 is provided with two bore holes 13a, 13b made from the lower plane, the sealing flashing 4 placed against it is provided with holes 10a, 10b corresponding to it, the plinth block 3 which is in turn placed against that is provided with two bore holes 9a, 9b corresponding to that and finally ground sill 1 is provided with bore holes 18a, 18b which downwardly end into widened bore holes 19a, 19b. In the bore holes 13a, 13b plastic tubes 14a, 14b are inserted that are almost closed at their top ends, which may have the shape of so called gas concrete anchors, which are made of a hard plastic and at their outer side are provided with a screw thread of a crude pitch. Preferably, however, the plugs can be driven into the construction. The plastic tubes 14a, 14b can be screwed into the bore holes 13a, 13b with the help of a screw driver, the aforementioned screw thread cutting into the wood. Plugs that have to be pressed or hammered into the wood may also be used. Fixing the plugs here therefore does not take place through axial contraction, as with normal plugs, in which the plugs are, as it were, pressed open. The plugs continue down to the ground sill, as can be seen in the figure.
[0034] Subsequently the screw bolts 15a, 15b are inserted from the lower side of the sill 1 into the holes 19a, 19b, 18a, 18b, through the bore holes 9a, 9b in the plinth block 3, through the holes 10a, 10b into the sealing flashing 4 and with the tip in the tubes 14a, 14b. After that the screw bolts 15a, 15b are screwed into the tubes 14a, 14b with a suitable tool, which is facilitated by the relatively large holes 19a, 19b. In a manner which is known per se, the screw bolts 15a, 15b are then fixed to the tubes or plugs 14a, 14b which are fixed in the wood of the posts 2 also in manner known per se. The screw bolts 15a, 15b are shielded from the wood by the plugs.
[0035] It can be seen that the bore holes 9a, 9b substantially have the same diameter as the screw bolts 15a, 15b but that the bore holes 18a, 18b are somewhat wider than the shank of the screw bolts 15a, 15b. The difference may be 2 mm, and makes it possible that the sill can slide a little in transverse direction with respect to the plinth block and thus with respect to the post 2. Influence of settings and temperature may be set off in this manner. It is advantageous here when resilient rings 17a, 17b are placed between the heads 16a, 16b of the bolts 15a, 15b, preferably plastic or possibly rubber rings. In this way the action of the screw bolts is set off and the construction can be made waterproof.
[0037] The sealing flashing 4 and the plastic tubes 14a, 14b prevent rising dampness from penetrating the inside of the wooden post 2. The use of sealing flashing 4 renders the application of a sealing joint with the help of putty superfluous, so that fitting the casing according to the invention is simplified at that point.
[0038] As shown in figure 2, the ground sill 1 need not be limited to the one of a door opening, but may further extend to adjacent the actual door casing, to form a ground sill of a casing for fixed glazing, which is a unity with the door casing. In figure 2 this is shown with the help of the double glazing pane 11, which at the lower side is kept in its place by means of a glazing bead 12 which may be made of the same material as the ground sill 1.
[0039] The entire casing assembly, with ground sill and plinth blocks, may be assembled at a joinery's works in a simple manner, so that the entire casing can be placed in the construction in one go. The ground sills 1 here are made into the wanted dimensions and shape beforehand, which may take place by means of a machining treatment and after that delivered to the joinery's works.
[0040] The recessed location of the ground sill 1 with respect to the state of the art is also shown in figure 2. The inclined plane 5 ends at the front side at ground surface 20 level, and at the rear side the floor 21 is shown. The difference in level between the inclined plane 5 and the top surface of the ground sill 6 on the one hand and the difference in level between the floor 21 and the top surface 6 of the ground sill is 20 mm or less, so that the ground sill 1 with respect to what is usual extends further into the ground However this is no objection because the material is moisture proof.
1. Casing for a door or a window, which may or may not be provided with a moveable part,
in which the casing comprises a ground sill (1), which is made of another material
than the posts (2) of the casing, characterized in that the ground sill (1) is made of polyolefin and is solid, such as to provide a ground
sill (1) for an entrance opening of a building.
2. Casing according to claim 1, the ground sill (1) being made in a machining treatment.
3. Casing according to claim 1 or 2, the ground sill being made of a poly olefin having
a molecular weight of between 150,000 and 4,000,000, preferably 0.5.106.
4. Casing according to claim 1, 2 or 3, the material being a polyethene, preferably being
one from the group formed by LDPE, LLDPE, HMWPE and UHMWPE.
5. Casing according to any one of the preceding claims, the poly olefin at least partially
consisting of recycled material, preferably at least a part of the recycled material
consisting of visible particles, which particles preferably have a different colour.
6. Casing according to any one of the preceding claims, at least a part of the length
of the ground sill bounding a door opening.
7. Casing according to claim 6, the ground sill being extended in at least one direction
in order to form the ground sill of an opening for fixed glazing situated adjacent
to the casing.
8. Casing according to any one of the preceding claims, at least the posts of the casing
being made of aluminium or wood.
9. Casing according to claim 8, wherein plinth blocks (3) being arranged between the
ground sill and the posts, which plinth blocks are made of the same material as the
ground sill.
10. Casing according to claim 9, flashings of sealing material (4) being arranged between
the plinth blocks (3) and the posts (2).
11. Casing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the posts (2) are made
of wood and in the connection of the wooden post (2) to the ground sill of the casing
casing use is made of screws (15a, 15b), which are screwed in screw plugs or gas concrete
anchors (14a, 14b) having external screw thread which themselves are screwed into
the wood of the post.
12. Casing according to claim 1, comprising a ground sill (1) and plinth blocks (3) for
the connection to the lower posts (2) of a casing, the plinth blocks (3) being provided
with means (15a, 15b, 14a, 14b) for connection to the ground sill (1) and to posts
(2) of a casing in a slide-proof manner, which plinth blocks (3) and ground sill (1)
are made of the same material, and the plinth blocks at the upper side being provided
with a flexible sealing flashing (4) for waterproof sealing of the lower side of the
posts (2).
13. Casing provided with a ground sill construction according to one or more of the preceding
claims, the ground sill (1), the plinth blocks (3) and posts (2) being connected to
each other by means of screws (15a, 15b), which screws are surrounded in the posts
by plastic capped covers (14a, 14b), such as screw plugs or gas concrete anchors.
14. Casing according to claim 13, use being made of screws (15a, 15b), which are screwed
in screw plugs or gas concrete anchors (14a, 14b), having external screw thread which
themselves are screwed into the wood of the post, wherein preferably the screw plugs
or gas concrete anchors continue until through the ground sill and rings of flexible
plastic material or rubber being arranged between the plugs and the screws, the rings
being provided between the heads of the screws and the sill.
1. Rahmen für eine Tür oder ein Fester, ja oder nicht mit einem beweglichen Teil versehen,
wobei der Rahmen eine Grundschwelle (1) umfaßt, welche aus einem anderen Material
als die Pfosten (2) des Rahmens hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grundschwelle (1) aus Polyolefin hergestellt ist und massiv ist, um so eine Grundschwelle
(1) für eine Eingangsöffnung eines Gebäudes zu verschaffen.
2. Rahmen nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Grundschwelle (1) in einer spanenden Bearbeitung
hergestellt ist.
3. Rahmen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Grundschwelle aus einem Polyolefin mit einem
Molekulargewicht zwischen 150,000 und 4,000,000 vorzugsweise 0,5,106 hergestellt ist.
4. Rahmen nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, wobei das Material ein Polyethen ist, vorzugsweise
ein aus der durch LDPE, LLDPE, HMWPE und UHMWPE gebildeten Gruppe.
5. Rahmen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Polyolefin zumindest
teilweise aus Recyclingsmaterial besteht, wobei vorzugsweise zumindest ein Teil des
Recyclingsmaterials aus sichtbaren Teilchen besteht, welche Teilchen vorzugsweise
eine abweichende Farbe haben.
6. Rahmen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest ein Teil der
Länge der Grundschwelle eine Türöffnung begrenzt.
7. Rahmen nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Grundschwelle zumindest in einer Richtung verlängert
ist, um die Grundschwelle einer angrenzend am Rahmen gelegenen Festglas-Öffnung zu
bilden.
8. Rahmen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest die Pfosten
des Rahmens aus Aluminium oder Holz hergestellt sind.
9. Rahmen nach Anspruch 8, wobei Stützsteine (3) zwischen der Grundschwelle und den Pfosten
angeordnet sind, welche Stützsteine aus demselben Material als die Grundschwelle hergestellt
sind.
10. Rahmen nach Anspruch 9, wobei Abweisebleche von Dichtungsmaterial (4) zwischen den
Stützsteinen (3) und den Pfosten (2) angeordnet sind.
11. Rahmen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Pfosten (2) aus Holz
hergestellt sind, und in der Verbindung des Holzpfostens (2) mit der Grundschwelle
des Rahmens Schrauben (15a, 15b) benutzt werden, welche in Schraubenpflügen oder in
Gasbetonpflügen (14a, 14b) mit externem Gewinde geschraubt sind, die selbst im Holz
des Pfostens geschraubt sind.
12. Rahmen nach Anspruch 1, umfassend eine Grundschwelle (1) und Stützsteine (3) für die
Verbindung mit den Unterpfosten (2) eines Rahmens, wobei die Stützsteine (3) mit Mitteln
(15a, 15b, 14a, 14b) versehen sind für Verbindung mit der Grundschwelle (1) und mit
den Pfosten (2) eines Rahmens auf eine gleitfeste Weise, welche Stützsteine (3) und
Grundschwelle (1) aus demselben Material hergestellt sind, und die Stützsteine an
der Oberseite mit einem flexibelen Abweiseblech aus Dichtungsmaterial (4) zum wasserdicht
Dichten der Unterseite der Pfosten (2) versehen ist.
13. Rahmen mit einer Grundschwellenkonstruktion nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden
Ansprüche versehen, wobei die Grundschwelle (1), die Stützsteine (3) und die Pfosten
(2) durch Schrauben (15a, 15b) miteinander verbunden sind, welche Schrauben in den
Pfosten durch Kunststoff Verschlußhülsen (14a, 14b), wie Schraubenpflüge oder Gasbetonpflüge
umgeben sind.
14. Rahmen nach Anspruch 13, wobei Schrauben (15a, 15b) benutzt werden, die in Schraubenpflügen
oder Gasbetonpflügen (14a, 14b) mit externem Gewinde geschraubt sind, die selbst im
Holz des Pfostens geschraubt sind, wobei vorzugsweise die Schraubenpflüge oder Gasbetonpflüge
weiterlaufen bis durch die Grundschwelle und wobei zwischen den Pflügen und den Schrauben
flexibele Ringe aus Kunststoff oder Gummi angeordnet sind, wobei die Ringe zwischen
den Köpfen der Schrauben und der Schwelle vorgesehen sind.
1. Encadrement de porte ou de fenêtre, qui peut être doté ou non d'un élément mobile,
dans lequel l'encadrement comprend un seuil de sol (1), qui est réalisé dans un autre
matériau que les montants (2) de l'encadrement, caractérisé en ce que le seuil de sol (1) est constitué de polyoléfine et est solide, de manière à obtenir
un seuil de sol (1) pour l'ouverture d'entrée d'un immeuble.
2. Encadrement selon la revendication 1, le seuil de sol (1) étant réalisé par un traitement
d'usinage.
3. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, le seuil de sol étant
réalisé dans une polyoléfine ayant un poids moléculaire compris entre 150 000 et 4
000 000, de préférence égal à 0,5.106.
4. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, le matériau étant
du polyéthylène, de préférence un du groupe comprenant LDPE (polyéthylène à basse
densité), LLDPE (polyéthylène linéaire à basse densité), HMWPE (polyéthylène à poids
moléculaire élevé), et UHMWPE (polyéthylène à poids moléculaire très élevé).
5. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la polyoléfine
étant au moins en partie constituée d'un matériau recyclé, de préférence au moins
une partie du matériau recyclé étant constituée de particules visibles, lesquelles
particules ont de préférence des couleurs différentes.
6. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au
moins une partie de la longueur du seuil de sol bordant un jour de porte.
7. Encadrement selon la revendication 6, le seuil de sol s'étendant dans au moins une
direction afin de former le seuil de sol d'un jour de porte pour une pose de vitre
fixe adjacente à l'encadrement.
8. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, au moins les montants
des encadrements étant réalisés en aluminium ou en bois.
9. Encadrement selon la revendication 8, dans lequel des socles (3) sont agencés entre
le seuil de sol et les montants, lesquels socles sont réalisés dans le même matériau
que le seuil de sol.
10. Encadrement selon la revendication 9, des bandes de recouvrement de matériau d'étanchéité
(4) étant agencées entre les socles (3) et les montants (2).
11. Encadrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les
montants (2) sont réalisés en bois et, pour raccorder le montant en bois (2) au seuil
de sol de l'encadrement, on utilise des vis (15a, 15b) qui sont vissées dans des bouchons
à vis ou des blocs d'ancrage béton - gaz (14a, 14b), ayant un filetage externe, lesquels
sont eux-mêmes vissés dans le bois du montant.
12. Encadrement selon la revendication 1, comprenant un seuil de sol (1) et des socles
(3) pour le raccordement aux montants inférieurs (2) d'un encadrement, les socles
(3) étant dotés de moyens (15a, 15b 14a, 14b) permettant le raccordement au seuil
de sol (1) et aux montants (2) d'un encadrement de manière à résister au glissement,
lesquels socles (3) et seuil de sol (1) sont réalisés dans le même matériau, et les
socles du côté supérieur étant dotés d'une bande de recouvrement d'étanchéité flexible
(4) pour rendre étanche à l'eau le côté inférieur des montants (2).
13. Encadrement doté d'une construction de seuil de sol selon une ou plusieurs des revendications
précédentes, le seuil de sol (1), les socles (3) et montants (2) étant raccordés les
uns aux autres à l'aide de vis (15a, 15b), lesquelles vis sont entourées, dans les
montants, par des couvercles à capuchon en plastique (14a, 14b), tels que des bouchons
à vis ou des blocs d'ancrage béton - gaz.
14. Encadrement selon la revendication 13, dans lequel on utilise des vis (15a, 15b) qui
sont vissées dans des bouchons à vis ou des blocs d'ancrage béton - gaz (14a, 14b),
ayant un filetage externe, lesquels sont eux-mêmes vissés dans le bois du montant,
dans lequel, de préférence, les bouchons à vis ou les blocs d'ancrage béton - gaz
se prolongent jusque dans le seuil de sol, et des bagues de matière plastique flexible
ou de caoutchouc étant agencées entre les bouchons et les vis, les bagues étant prévues
entre les têtes des vis et le seuil.