(19)
(11) EP 1 445 480 B1

(12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION

(45) Mention of the grant of the patent:
26.04.2006 Bulletin 2006/17

(21) Application number: 03002402.0

(22) Date of filing: 04.02.2003
(51) International Patent Classification (IPC): 
F02M 61/16(2006.01)
F02M 61/12(2006.01)
F02M 51/06(2006.01)
 F02M 61/08(2006.01)
F16J 15/56(2006.01)

(54)

Metering device with dynamic sealing

Dosiervorrichtung mit Dynamischer Abdichtung

Dispositif de dosage avec joint d'étanchéité dynamique

(84) Designated Contracting States:
DE FR IT

(43) Date of publication of application:
11.08.2004 Bulletin 2004/33

(73) Proprietor: Siemens VDO Automotive S.p.A.
56040 Fauglia (Pisa) (IT)

(72) Inventors:
  • Gestri, Luca
    56023 S. Lorenzo A.C.-Cascina (IT)
  • Matteucci, Luca
    56124 Pisa (IT)

(74) Representative: Berg, Peter et al
European Patent Attorney, Siemens AG, Postfach 22 16 34
80506 München
80506 München (DE)


(56) References cited: : 
DE-A- 19 956 830
US-A- 4 389 018
 US-A- 3 703 184
   
       
    Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).


    Description


    [0001] The present invention relates to a metering device for dosing pressurized fluids, in particular an injection valve for a fuel injection system in an internal combustion engine, comprising a valve body with a fluid chamber for the pressurized fluid to be dosed, the fluid chamber terminating with a metering opening, an axially moveable valve needle passing through the fluid chamber, the valve needle having a first end that controls the opening and closing of the metering opening, and a second end that cooperates with an actuator assembly arranged in an actuator chamber and controlling the axial movement of the valve needle to be in a first end position in which the metering opening is closed and in a second end position in which the metering opening is open, and a sealing element hydraulically isolating the actuator chamber and the fluid chamber.

    [0002] Such a metering device is disclosed for example in the European Patent application EP 1 046 809 A2.

    [0003] In the manufacture of piezoelectric actuator-controlled valves for high-pressure direct injection for gasoline engines, it is essential to provide a hydraulic sealing capable of isolating the space through which the pressurized gasoline travels, i.e. a fluid chamber, from that where the actuator is arranged, i.e. an actuator chamber.

    [0004] Fundamental requirements for this sealing element are
    • the ability to operate at high pressures of the fluid, exceeding 200 bar, and at its related peaks of pressure and hydraulic ram induced by the opening and closing of the injector needle,
    • the guarantee of effectiveness during the whole expected lifetime of the injector, including resistance to breakage, creep, fatigue loading, and the like,
    • satisfactory service life of the component in its operating environment, including chemical tolerance to gasoline, resistance to terminal stresses, and the like,
    • a minimum number of mechanical parts and a total reliability of the element, and
    • minimal material, manufacturing and assembly times and costs.


    [0005] In the metering devices described in EP 1 046 809 A2, one of which is exemplary shown in Fig. 2, the valve body 1 comprises an actuator chamber 9 and a fluid chamber 2 terminating with a metering opening 3, between which chambers the sealing element 101 - 10n is arranged. The axially moveable valve needle 4 passes through the fluid chamber 2. The valve needle 4 has a first end 5 that controls the opening and closing of the metering opening 3, and a second end 6 that cooperates with the actuator assembly 7, 8 arranged in the actuator chamber 9 and controlling the axial movement of the valve needle 4. The actuator assembly comprises a piezo stack 7 and a bottom cap 8. The bottom cap 8 of the actuator assembly is in Hertzian contact with the second end 6 of the valve needle 4, since the second end 6 of the valve needle 4 is biased against the bottom cap 8 by a helical spring 12, which is axially compressed arranged between a spring seat 14 of the valve body 1 and an abutting washer 13 fastened to the valve needle 4.

    [0006] The sealing element 101 - 10n is formed by a metal bellows 101, an element able to be axially deformed and to guarantee the required separation between the two described volumes, e.g. gasoline in the fluid chamber 2 and the piezo stack 7 as part of the actuator assembly outside, i.e. in the actuator chamber 9. The top collar of the metal bellows 101 is attached to a washer 10m that is attached on the valve needle 4 and the bottom collar of the metal bellows 101 is attached to a ring element 10n attached to the inner cylindrical surface 11 of the valve body 1. The metal bellows 101 offers a high mechanical elasticity in the direction of movement of the valve needle 4, a sufficient resistance to fuel pressures of up to 500 bar, and a high reliability with respect to leakage throughout the required temperature range of -40 °C to +150 °C. However, an injector with such a metal bellows with these dimensions has disadvantages of high component and manufacturing costs, as well as a complex assembly, requiring two hermetic welds to attach the metal bellows to the washer 10m and to the ring element 10n, as well as two hermetic welds to attach the washer 10m to the valve needle 4 and the ring element 10n to the inner cylindrical surface 11 of the valve body 1.

    [0007] US 3,703,184 discloses a sealing means for fuel injection valves comprising a cylindrical guide sleeve that guides a valve needle in fluid-tight manner and that has a spherical head cooperating with a support in the valve body for centring the valve needle. A shoulder of the valve body supports a first metal ring, that has a radial clearance with respect to the guide sleeve, on which a second metal ring, that is in contact with the guide sleeve with its inner face and has a radial clearance with respect to the valve body, is arranged to allow a sliding movement of the guide sleeve with respect to the valve body in radial direction. An elastic packing ring is arranged slightly compressed between the valve body, the second metal ring, the cylindrical part of the guide sleeve and a shoulder of the spherical head of the guide sleeve and thus provides a sealing between the valve body and the guide sleeve in axial and radial direction.

    [0008] In view of the foregoing, it is the object underlying the present invention to provide a metering device of the above-mentioned type which is easier and more economic to manufacture, while still fulfilling the requirements specified above.

    [0009] This object is achieved by a metering device with the features of appended claims 1 or 2.

    [0010] Advantageous embodiments of the metering device according to the present invention are disclosed in the respective following dependent claims.

    [0011] According to a first aspect of the invention, in a metering device with the features of the preamble of claim 1, the sealing element is formed by a sleeve that comprises a hollow cylinder section in hermetic rigid contact with the valve needle and a flange section hermetically connected to the hollow cylinder section, and a first elastic ring that is arranged axially compressed between a sealing seat of the valve body and the flange section to hermetically seal the actuator chamber and the fluid chamber in the first end position of the valve needle, in the second end position of the valve needle and in all positions of the valve needle between these end positions. The hollow cylinder section of the sleeve is hermetically sealed to the valve needle by a second elastic ring. Thereby, a secure sealing is provided. Thus, a different sealing from the metal bellows sealing according to prior art is employed, thereby providing additional liberty in the design of the device so that different requirements may be individually fulfilled.

    [0012] In the metering device according to the present invention, alternatively or additionally preferably the first and/or second elastic rings are made of a resilient material, such as rubber. Thus, the material itself provides the elastic properties to the sealing according to the present invention.

    [0013] The first and/or second elastic rings preferably have a circular cross section in an uncompressed state. Elastic rings with circular cross sections are available in different sizes and shapes so that employing such elastic rings with circular cross sections is particularly cost effective.

    [0014] The sleeve is preferably made of metal. Thereby, the required rigidity of the sealing is provided.

    [0015] In a second aspect of the invention, in a metering device with the features of the preamble of claim 2, the sleeve is welded to the valve needle, preferably hermetically.

    [0016] The invention, both its construction and its method of operation together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of a specific exemplary embodiment thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein
    Fig. 1
    is a schematic axial cross section of a part of an injection valve according to the present invention; and
    Fig. 2
    is a schematic axial cross section of an injection valve according to the prior art.


    [0017] In the following description of an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention the same reference signs as those shown in Fig. 2 denote the same or equal parts that have basically the same functionality. These parts might have a slightly different arrangement in respect to each other than that shown in Fig. 2, but nevertheless have the same functionality as is apparent to the skilled person. Therefore, a detailed description of those parts is omitted here and only the differences of the metering device according to the present invention are described in detail.

    [0018] According to the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, the hermetic sealing between the fluid chamber 2 and the actuator chamber 9 is performed by a metallic sleeve and an elastic element. The metallic sleeve comprises a hollow cylinder section 10a in hermetic rigid contact with the valve needle 4 and a flange section 10b hermetically connected to the hollow cylinder section 10a. The elastic element is a first elastic ring 10c that is axially so compressed arranged between a sealing seat 15 of the valve body 1 and the flange section 10b that a sealing is provided in all positions of the valve needle 4. Such an embodiment easily resists against peaks of pressure until 20% of the nominal value of the fluid pressure of 200 bar. The hollow cylinder section 10a of the sleeve is hermetically sealed to the valve needle 4 by a second elastic ring 10d. Alternatively, the hollow cylinder section might be rigidly and hermetically welded to the valve needle 4.

    [0019] A metering device for dosing pressurized fluids, in particular an injection valve for a fuel injection system in an internal combustion engine, is disclosed in which the hermetic sealing between the fluid chamber for the pressurized fluid to be dosed and the actuator chamber is provided by an elastic element. The elastic element is arranged in a compressed manner between a sealing seat of the valve body and a flange section of a metallic sleeve that additionally comprises a hollow cylinder section in hermetic rigid contact with the valve needle.

    [0020] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings, and in the claims may alone as well as in any possible combination be important for the realisation of the invention.


    Claims

    1. A metering device for dosing pressurized fluids, in particular an injection valve for a fuel injection system in an internal combustion engine, comprising

    - a valve body (1, 14) comprising a fluid chamber (2) for the pressurized fluid to be dosed, the fluid chamber (2) terminating with a metering opening (3),

    - an axially moveable valve needle (4) passing through the fluid chamber (2), the valve needle (4) having a first end (5) that controls the opening and closing of the metering opening (3), and a second end (6) that cooperates with an actuator assembly (7, 8) arranged in an actuator chamber (9) and controlling the axial movement of the valve needle (4) to be in a first end position in which the metering opening (3) is closed and in a second end position in which the metering opening (3) is open, and

    - a sealing element (10a - 10d) that hydraulically isolates the actuator chamber (9) and the fluid chamber (2) and that is formed by

    - a sleeve (10a, 10b) that comprises a hollow cylinder section (10a) in hermetic rigid contact with the valve needle (4) and a flange section (10b) hermetically connected to the hollow cylinder section (10a), and

    - a first elastic ring (10c) that is arranged axially compressed between a sealing seat (15) of the valve body (1) and the flange section (10b) to hermetically seal the actuator chamber (9) and the fluid chamber (2) in the first end position of the valve needle (4), in the second end position of the valve needle (4) and in all positions of the valve needle (4) between these end positions,

    characterized in that
    the hollow cylinder section (10a) of the sleeve (10a, 10b) is hermetically sealed to the valve needle by a second elastic ring (10d).
     
    2. A metering device for dosing pressurized fluids, in particular an injection valve for a fuel injection system in an internal combustion engine, comprising

    - a valve body (1, 14) comprising a fluid chamber (2) for the pressurized fluid to be dosed, the fluid chamber (2) terminating with a metering opening (3),

    - an axially moveable valve needle (4) passing through the fluid chamber (2), the valve needle (4) having a first end (5) that controls the opening and closing of the metering opening (3), and a second end (6) that cooperates with an actuator assembly (7, 8) arranged in an actuator chamber (9) and controlling the axial movement of the valve needle (4) to be in a first end position in which the metering opening (3) is closed and in a second end position in which the metering opening (3) is open, and

    - a sealing element (10a - 10d) that hydraulically isolates the actuator chamber (9) and the fluid chamber (2) and that is formed by

    - a sleeve (10a, 10b) that comprises a hollow cylinder section (10a) in hermetic rigid contact with the valve needle (4) and a flange section (10b) hermetically connected to the hollow cylinder section (10a), and

    - a first elastic ring (10c) that is arranged axially compressed between a sealing seat (15) of the valve body (1) and the flange section (10b) to hermetically seal the actuator chamber (9) and the fluid chamber (2) in the first end position of the valve needle (4), in the second end position of the valve needle (4) and in all positions of the valve needle (4) between these end positions,

    characterized in that
    the sleeve (10a, 10b) is welded to the valve needle (4).
     
    3. The metering device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the first and/or second elastic rings (10c, 10d) are made of a resilient material, such as rubber.
     
    4. The metering device according to anyone of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the first and/or second elastic rings (10c, 10d) have a circular cross section in an uncompressed state.
     
    5. The metering device according to anyone of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the sleeve (10a, 10b) is made of metal.
     


    Ansprüche

    1. Dosiervorrichtung zur Dosierung von unter Druck stehenden Kraftstoffen, insbesondere ein Einspritzventil für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem in einer Kraftmaschine mit innerer Verbrennung, das Folgendes umfasst:

    - einen Ventilkörper (1, 14), der eine Kraftstoffkammer (2) zur Dosierung von unter Druck stehendem Kraftstoff umfasst, wobei sich am Ende der Kraftstoffkammer (2) eine Dosieröffnung (3) befindet,

    - eine axial bewegliche Ventilnadel (4), die durch die Kraftstoffkammer (2) verläuft, wobei die Ventilnadel (4) ein erstes Ende (5) umfasst, das zum Öffnen und Schließen der Dosieröffnung (3) dient, und ein zweites Ende (6), das mit einer Aktuatorbaugruppe (7, 8) zusammenwirkt, die in einer Aktuatorkammer (9) angeordnet ist und die axiale Bewegung der Ventilnadel (4) steuert, so dass sie in eine erste Endposition gelangt, in der die Dosieröffnung (3) geschlossen ist, und in eine zweite Endposition, in der die Dosieröffnung (3) geöffnet ist, und

    - ein Dichtelement (10a - 10d), das die Aktuatorkammer (9) und die Kraftstoffkammer (2) hydraulisch trennt und das ausgebildet ist aus

    - einer Metallhülse (10a, 10b), die einen Hohlzylinderbereich (10a) umfasst, der hermetisch dicht in innigem Kontakt mit der Ventilnadel (4) ist, und einem Flanschbereich (10b), der hermetisch dicht mit dem Hohlzylinderbereich (10a) verbunden ist, und

    - einem ersten elastischen Ring (10c), der axial zusammengedrückt angeordnet ist zwischen einem Dichtsitz (15) des Ventilkörpers (1) und dem Flanschbereich (10b), um die Aktuatorkammer (9) und die Kraftstoffkammer (2) in der ersten Endposition der Ventilnadel (4), in der zweiten Endposition der Ventilnadel (4) und in allen Ventilnadelpositionen zwischen diesen Endpositionen hermetisch abzudichten,

    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Hohlzylinderbereich (10a) der Hülse (10a, 10b) durch einen zweiten elastischen Ring (10d) hermetisch gegenüber der Ventilnadel abgedichtet ist.
     
    2. Dosiervorrichtung zur Dosierung von unter Druck stehenden Kraftstoffen, insbesondere ein Einspritzventil für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem in einer Kraftmaschine mit innerer Verbrennung, das Folgendes umfasst:

    - einen Ventilkörper (1, 14), der eine Kraftstoffkammer (2) zur Dosierung von unter Druck stehendem Kraftstoff umfasst, wobei sich am Ende der Kraftstoffkammer (2) eine Dosieröffnung (3) befindet,

    - eine axial bewegliche Ventilnadel (4), die durch die Kraftstoffkammer (2) verläuft, wobei die Ventilnadel (4) ein erstes Ende (5) umfasst, das zum Öffnen und Schließen der Dosieröffnung (3) dient, und ein zweites Ende (6), das mit einer Aktuatorbaugruppe (7, 8) zusammenwirkt, die in einer Aktuatorkammer (9) angeordnet ist und die axiale Bewegung der Ventilnadel (4) steuert, so dass sie in eine erste Endposition gelangt, in der die Dosieröffnung (3) geschlossen ist, und in eine zweite Endposition, in der die Dosieröffnung (3) geöffnet ist, und

    - ein Dichtelement (10a - 10d), das die Aktuatorkammer (9) und die Kraftstoffkammer (2) hydraulisch trennt und das ausgebildet ist aus

    - einer Metallhülse (10a, 10b), die einen Hohlzylinderbereich (10a) umfasst, der hermetisch dicht in innigem Kontakt mit der Ventilnadel (4) ist, und einem Flanschbereich (10b), der hermetisch dicht mit dem Hohlzylinderbereich (10a) verbunden ist, und

    - einem ersten elastischen Ring (10c), der axial zusammengedrückt angeordnet ist zwischen einem Dichtsitz (15) des Ventilkörpers (1) und dem Flanschbereich (10b), um die Aktuatorkammer (9) und die Kraftstoffkammer (2) in der ersten Endposition der Ventilnadel (4), in der zweiten Endposition der Ventilnadel (4) und in allen Ventilnadelpositionen zwischen diesen Endpositionen hermetisch abzudichten,

    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Hülse (10a, 10b) an die Ventilnadel (4) geschweißt ist.
     
    3. Dosiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der erste und/oder der zweite elastische Ring (10c, 10d) aus einem elastischen Material wie zum Beispiel Gummi hergestellt sind.
     
    4. Dosiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der erste und/oder der zweite elastische Ring (10c, 10d) in nicht zusammengedrücktem Zustand vorzugsweise einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
     
    5. Dosiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Hülse (10a, 10b) aus Metall hergestellt ist.
     


    Revendications

    1. Dispositif de dosage permettant de doser des fluides sous pression, en particulier une soupape d'injection pour un système d'injection de carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant :

    - un corps (1, 14) de soupape comprenant une chambre de fluide (2) pour le fluide sous pression à doser, la chambre de fluide (2) se terminant avec une ouverture de dosage (3),

    - une aiguille (4) de soupape axialement mobile passant à travers la chambre de fluide (2), l'aiguille (4) de soupape ayant une première extrémité (5) qui commande l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'ouverture de dosage (3), et une seconde extrémité (6) qui coopère avec un ensemble actionneur (7, 8) agencé dans une chambre d'actionneur (9) et commandant le mouvement axial de l'aiguille (4) de soupape pour être dans une première position d'extrémité dans laquelle l'ouverture de dosage (3) est fermée et dans une seconde position d'extrémité dans laquelle l'ouverture de dosage (3) est ouverte, et

    - un élément d'étanchéité (10a - 10d) qui isole hydrauliquement la chambre d'actionneur (9) et la chambre de fluide (2) et qui est formé par :

    - un manchon (10a, 10b) qui comprend une section cylindrique creuse (10a) en contact rigide hermétique avec l'aiguille (4) de soupape et une section de rebord (10b) hermétiquement raccordée à la section cylindrique creuse (10a), et

    - une première bague élastique (10c) qui est agencée axialement comprimée entre un siège (15) de joint d'étanchéité du corps (1) de soupape et la section de rebord (10b) pour isoler hermétiquement la chambre d'actionneur (9) et la chambre de fluide (2) dans la première position d'extrémité de l'aiguille (4) de soupape, dans la seconde position d'extrémité de l'aiguille (4) de soupape et dans toutes les positions de l'aiguille (4) de soupape entre ces positions d'extrémité,

    caractérisé en ce que la section cylindrique creuse (10a) du manchon (10a, 10b) est hermétiquement isolée de l'aiguille de soupape par une seconde bague élastique (10d).
     
    2. Dispositif de dosage pour doser des fluides sous pression, en particulier une soupape d'injection pour un système d'injection de carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant :

    - un corps (1, 14) de soupape comprenant une chambre de fluide (2) pour le fluide sous pression à doser, la chambre de fluide (2) se terminant avec une ouverture de dosage (3),

    - une aiguille (4) de soupape axialement mobile passant à travers la chambre de fluide (2), l'aiguille (4) de soupape ayant une première extrémité (5) qui commande l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'ouverture de dosage (3), et une seconde extrémité (6) qui coopère avec un ensemble actionneur (7, 8) agencé dans une chambre d'actionneur (9) et commandant le mouvement axial de l'aiguille (4) de soupape pour être dans une première position d'extrémité dans laquelle l'ouverture de dosage (3) est fermée et dans une seconde position d'extrémité dans laquelle l'ouverture de dosage (3) est ouverte, et

    - un élément d'étanchéité (10a - 10d) qui isole hydrauliquement la chambre d'actionneur (9) et la chambre de fluide (2) et qui est formé par :

    - un manchon (10a, 10b) qui comprend une section cylindrique creuse (10a) en contact rigide hermétique avec l'aiguille (4) de soupape et une section de rebord (10b) hermétiquement raccordée à la section cylindrique creuse (10a), et

    - une première bague élastique (10c) qui est agencée axialement comprimée entre un siège (15) de joint d'étanchéité du corps (1) de soupape et la section de rebord (10b) pour isoler hermétiquement la chambre d'actionneur (9) et la chambre de fluide (2) dans la première position d'extrémité de l'aiguille (4) de soupape, dans la seconde position d'extrémité de l'aiguille (4) de soupape et dans toutes les positions de l'aiguille (4) de soupape entre ces positions d'extrémité,

    caractérisé en ce que le manchon (10a, 10b) est soudé sur l'aiguille (4) de soupape.
     
    3. Dispositif de dosage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les première et/ou seconde bagues élastiques (10c, 10d) sont réalisées avec un matériau élastique, tel que le caoutchouc.
     
    4. Dispositif de dosage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les première et/ou seconde bagues élastiques (10c, 10d) ont une section transversale circulaire dans un état non comprimé.
     
    5. Dispositif de dosage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le manchon (10a, 10b) est réalisé à partir de métal.
     




    Drawing