Technical field of the invention
[0001] The invention refers to a quick and reversible coupling device for tools such as
shovels, buckets, hammers, clamps, grippers, etc., on machines, especially agricultural,
transport, lifting and earth-moving machines such as diggers, back-diggers or similar.
Background of the invention
[0002] Various quick replacement or coupling devices currently exist for tools on machines
used to move earth. Said devices comprise a first body with coupling elements, such
as fixed claws, which damp onto master pins or coupling axles on a second body, which
is separate from the tool which is to be coupled to the machine.
[0003] Some embodiments of known coupling devices also use secondary movable coupling mechanisms.
This is the case, for example, in patents
ES 2102548 and
WO 95/16831.
[0004] ES 2102548 describes a quick-coupling device in which the movable elements of the first body
are two locking shafts, which are essentially cylindrical, and the free ends of these
are in the shape of a truncated cone, the angle of the cone matching that of the openings
on the locking plate of the second body, which is separate from the tool, and also
said locking plate is sloped, on its rear part, which fits the corresponding slope
of the contact surface of the first body, thus helping the contact surfaces of the
first and second bodies to lock together.
[0005] WO 95/16831 has a coupling device also made up of two bodies, the first of these being separate
from the tool and the second being separate from an articulated arm of the machinery.
In the embodiment, as well as having a coupling axle in one of the two bodies and
claws for grasping the coupling axle on the other body, the device has a movable element
on one of the bodies, which is wedge-shaped, which operates in conjunction with a
fixed element on the other body working in the form of a hook, in such a way that
in the coupling position, the wedge moves neath the hook under the action of a piston
or similar.
[0006] EP 1156161 describes a quick-coupling device according to the preamble of claim 1 and intended
for attaching a tool to an excavator comprising at least one main working arm; this
device comprises a main body provided with two side walls each connected at the rear
to this working arm by a pin housed in holes in these walls to allow it to be rotated
relative to the said arm by the movement of excavator levers connected to the body
by a pin housed in holes in these walls and at the front to upper walls of this tool
by second pins for locking them onto this tool; and these second pins are able to
extend out of these side walls and be housed in holes formed in these upper walls
of the tool under the action of control means mounted in this body for automatically
inserting and removing them into and from these holes, these upper walls being provided
with rear hook means for attaching the tool to pins.
[0007] Due to the heavy-duty work the tools used are subjected to in this type of machinery,
the coupling devices known suffer a high level of wear and tear for which the coupling
devices, or one of their parts, have to be changed or replaced frequently, and the
machines must be stopped to carry out any change required to avoid the possible breakdown
or breakage of the parts which suffer the most wear. The use of said devices therefore
makes them more costly than desired and the maintenance required is very expensive.
[0008] The wear and tear suffered on the devices is caused especially by the concentration
of loads on small surfaces and the tolerance or play that exists between the different
bodies making up the device, and with every movement the tool makes there is unwanted
friction which, over time, reduces the initial setting conditions, producing undesirable
movement in the matching of parts.
[0009] In addition, a common problem of known embodiments, is the difficulty involved in
coupling up the different bodies making up the device (a first body separate from
the arm of the machine and a second one separate from the tool), since assembly is
difficult when the machine operator, manoeuvring the arm from the cabin of the machine,
has to match up the two parts or bodies of the device. This manoeuvre is made even
harder when the tool is resting on uneven ground or if its slope is different from
that of the ground under the machine on whose articulated arm the particular tool
is to be coupled.
[0010] Similarly, in the embodiments known, master pins or dowel pins are used for joining
up the body onto the end of the articulated arm of the machine, while said body and
the tool are coupled via a third master pin and the other claws on the other body.
Such configurations produce even more wear and tear of the parts as well as increasing
the weight of the quick-coupling devices.
[0011] Lastly, the devices known are not suitable for coupling in different positions, so
that if the tool is to be coupled the other way round, turned 180° with respect to
a vertical axis, a second tool is required whose means of gripping are configured
in reverse, and for this two different tools are needed, which therefore results in
a greater investment in material.
[0012] It is also noted that there is no system whereby the machine operator can know if
the bodies have been coupled together correctly and if the movable coupling elements
are in the required position for the machine to function.
Explanation of the invention
[0013] To provide a solution to these problems an explanation will be given of the quick
and reversible coupling device for coupling tools on machines, especially transport
and lifting machines, earth-moving or digging machines, such as diggers, back-diggers
or similar, said machines comprising an articulated arm having a distal end portion
to which a rigid tool is couplable.
[0014] The quick-coupling device comprises:
- an adaptor joinable to said articulated arm through at least one master pin, the adaptor
comprising a substantially flat base plate with first side walls, and displaceable
locking means protruding transversally through the first side walls; and
- coupling means attachable to the tool and comprising rigid hooks engageable with said
at least one master pin and second side walls with openings aligned with the displaceable
locking means of the adaptor when the device is in use in its locking position,
wherein the first side walls of the adaptor are, in use, locked between the second
side walls of the coupling means,
wherein at least a part of the first side walls comprises first inclined surface portions
converging in the coupling direction and/or at least a part of the second side walls
of the coupling means comprises converging second inclined surface portions, such
that the base plate of the adaptor is in contact with a corresponding substantially
flat-surfaced portion of the tool when the adaptor is locked onto the coupling means
and tool, respectively, by engaging the displaceable locking means with the openings
of the coupling means.
[0015] The device is characterised in that
the coupling means of the tool comprises four rigid hooks located on the four ends
of the second side walls of the coupling means, a pair of rigid hooks being located
at a front portion and a pair of rigid hooks being located at a rear portion, said
rigid hooks being positioned so that the at least one master pin is able to be coupled
with both the pair of front hooks and with the pair of rear hooks, so that the tool
is able to be coupled and fixed to the adaptor in two different positions, at an angle
of 180° with respect to one another.
[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the side walls of the adaptor
have slopirig guiding surfaces around the protruding ends of at least one master pin,
said surfaces being cone-shaped with an imaginary axis being coincident with the longitudinal
axis of the master pin.
[0017] In another preferred embodiment, the outer surfaces of the side walls of the adaptor
have, at least partly, slopes which converge in the direction of coupling of the adaptor
on the tool, insofar as the inner surfaces of the side walls of the coupling means
have, at least partly, converging slopes which match the slopes of the outer surfaces
of the adaptor, which produces a wedge or locking effect between the sloping surfaces
of the adaptor and those of the coupling means in the coupling position.
[0018] There are preferably two perforations on each side wall, opposite each other, and
equidistant from the hooks on the same wall and axially aligned in the coupling position
with the movable fixing means through the side walls of the adaptor, and the master
pin being coupled in the pair of front hooks or in the pair of rear hooks, due to
the symmetrical positioning of the perforations, the movable fixing means of the adaptor,
upon moving, are introduced in said perforations of the coupling means of the tool,
the coupling means and the tool being joined in any of the possible coupling positions.
[0019] According to another characteristic of the invention, the perforations of the side
walls of the tool have a section which gets smaller towards the outside, which matches
with another section which gets smaller towards the outside of the fixing means to
be housed inside of these during the coupling position.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the coupling means have in their font and rear parts means
for housing the adaptor, which respectively have opposite sloping surfaces, and the
end of the tool opposite to the master pin has at least one matching chamfer with
a sloping surface so that, in the coupling position, the chamfer or chamfers can rest,
without any play, on the sloping surfaces of the housing means located on the front
or rear part of the coupling means, depending on the coupling position.
[0021] In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, at least one fixing means
has a rod whose free end is visible from the outside, so that it can be determined
visually whether the fixing element is housed inside the corresponding perforation.
Brief description of the drawings
[0022] The attached drawings illustrate, as a non-limitative example only, two forms of
embodiment of the quick-coupling device for back-digger tools on machines, or similar
ones to the object of the invention. In said drawings:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first form of embodiment of the device, in which
the adaptor and the tool are uncoupled;
Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the device in Fig. 1, in which the adaptor and
the tool are uncoupled;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device in Fig. 1, in which the adaptor and the
tool are coupled;
Fig. 4 consists of three front sectional views of three possible variations for one
of the side walls of the coupling means for the device in Fig. 1;
Figs. 5 and 6 are both elevational side views of the two coupling positions of a shovel
on the arm of a back-digger machine;
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a second form of embodiment of the invention device,
in which the adaptor and the tool are uncoupled;
Fig. 8 is also a perspective view of the device in Fig. 7. in which the adaptor and
tool are in the process of being coupled;
Fig. 9 is a front, diagrammatical view of the adaptor and the coupling means according
to the form of embodiment in the previous Figs. 7 and 8; and
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the device in Fig. 7, in which the adaptor and the
tool are coupled, the adaptor being in a position turned 180° with respect to the
coupling position in the previous Figs. 7 and 8.
Detailed description of the drawings
[0023] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first form of embodiment of the device being the
object of the invention, in which the adaptor 2 and the tool 3 are uncoupled.
[0024] The device comprises an adaptor 2 joined to the articulated arm 4 of the machine
(represented in Fig. 5), via master pins 7 and 7', and is made up of a base 17 and
side walls 10.
[0025] On the base 17 are movable fixing means 13, which together with the ends of the master
pin 7 make the adaptor 2 couple securely to any tool 3 which has respective coupling
means 1, whether this is a shovel, as in Fig.1, a bucket, hammers, clamps, grippers
or pallet-fork lifters, etc.
[0026] As can be seen in Fig.1, the tool 3 does in fact have coupling means 1 which comprise
side walls 9 whose ends are configured in the shape of rigid hooks 5, 5', 6 and 6',
which can receive and grip, at least partly, the ends of the master pin 7.
[0027] Similarly, the side walls 9 have perforations, 8a and 8b, which can receive and hold,
by locking, the movable fixing means 13 of the adaptor 2.
[0028] The positioning of the perforations 8a and 8b in the sides 9, and the positioning
of the hooks 5, 5', 6 and 6' in the side walls 9, is longitudinally and transversally
symmetrical so that, regardless of which hooks receive the master pin 7 of the adaptor
2, the movable means 13 of the adaptor 2 will be axially aligned with perforations
8a or 8b of the side walls 9 of the tool 3.
[0029] In Fig.1, the hooks 5 and 5', situated on the same end of the side walls 9, are about
to receive the ends of the master pin 7. At this stage, the base 17 will sit on the
corresponding surface 17' of the tool 3, and the fixing means 13 will remain axially
aligned with the perforations 8b of the opposite end of the side walls 9. Similarly,
if the tool 3 is turned 180° with respect to a vertical axis, the hooks 6 and 6' will
receive the ends of the master pin 7, and the movable fixing means 13 of the adaptor
2 will remain axially aligned, this time, with the perforations 8a on the opposite
end, closest to the hooks 5 and 5'.
[0030] Special attention should be paid to the fact that the master pin 7 used to join the
adaptor 2 to the articulated arm 4, is the same one used to couple the tool 3 to the
adaptor via the hooks 5, 5' or 6, 6', since in known embodiments, there is no case
of the master pin 7 being shared in such a way, with different master pins being used
for coupling the adaptor 2 to the tool 3 and for joining said adaptor 2 to the articulated
arm 4 of the machine. In the invention device, the number of parts and the number
of worn elements are reduced, which is an important improvement on the durability,
weight and play of the devices known.
[0031] In Fig. 2 another characteristic of the invention device can be seen. In said figure,
a front view of the coupling means 1 of the tool 3 is shown, in which it can be seen
how the side walls 9, with respect to the direction of coupling of the adaptor 2,
indicated by the arrow in Fig.2, have converging slopes, so that the upper ends of
the walls 9 are further apart than those of their lower ends.
[0032] Such positioning greatly helps the coupling between the adaptor 2 and the tool 3,
because the walls 9 of the tool 3 act as a guide for the side walls 10 of the adaptor
2 introduced inside the space within the two walls 9 of the tool 3. This greatly helps
the coupling of the tool in situations where before it was very difficult to carry
out such manoeuvre, for example, for the coupling of a tool 3 which is on uneven ground,
and leaning with respect to the horizontal surface or to the surface on which the
machine is standing.
[0033] In addition, the walls 10 of the adaptor 2 also have a slope which matches the slope
of the walls 9 of the tool 3, producing an automatic fit between the adaptor 2 and
the tool 3 during coupling and, once coupled, when pressure is transmitted to the
tool 3, in this case the shovel, the pressure is not concentrated exclusively on the
claws 5, 6 and the master pin 7, but is distributed between the walls 9 and 10 of
both main bodies, producing a locking effect between its respective contact surfaces
9', 10', which greatly allows the pressure to be distributed over the device and lengthens
its useful life, since wear and tear by friction, due to unnecessary play or concentrations
of pressure on small surfaces, are reduced.
[0034] It should be pointed out that it is not necessary for the sides walls 10 and 9 to
entirely comprise of converging slopes, as long as the inner surfaces 9' of the side
walls 9 and the outer surfaces 10' of their side walls 10, are at least partly sloped.
[0035] Fig. 4a is thus a section view of a side wall 9 of the tool 3, according to the embodiment
in Fig. 1, in which the whole wall is sloping. Fig.4b shows a second variation in
which only the inner surface 9' of the side wall 9 is sloping and, lastly, Fig. 4c
shows a third form of embodiment in which only the part 9' of the inner surface of
the side wall 9 is sloping. This latter embodiment shows a side wall 9 with one or
several ribs which run inwards, (this is towards the opposite side wall), in this
case being the surface 9' of the ribs which shows the desired slope. Obviously, the
outer surfaces 10' of the side walls 10 can also be configured in the same way as
the inner surfaces of the tool 3, the variations explained above also being possible.
[0036] In Fig.3 the tool 3 is coupled to the adaptor 2, and the fixing means 13 of the adaptor,
upon moving perpendicularly through the walls 10, can be introduced inside the perforations
8b of the side walls 9 of the tool 3. When this happens, the movements of the adaptor
2 transmitted through the articulated arm 4 of the machine (shown in Figs. 5 and 6)
are transmitted to the tool 3 as if it were the same solid mass.
[0037] The perforations 8 can have various different forms although all must fit the shape
of the fixing means 13 for insertion inside them. Both the perforations 8 and the
fixing means 13 can thus have round or polygonal sections, and may also get smaller
towards the outside, producing a wedge effect upon introducing the fixing means 13
in the perforations 8.
[0038] According to the embodiment in the drawings, the fixing means 13 can be moved by
the action of a hydraulic system 12, which comprises at least two pistons 14 activated
by an electric valve. In this way, the movement of the fixing means 13 can be controlled
from the cabin of the machine or from any other place which has hydraulic-fluid or
electrical communication with the hydraulic system 12.
[0039] This system will also have a retention valve for retaining the fixing means 13 inside
the perforations 8 in case the hydraulic system loses pressure.
[0040] Obviously, the actuating mechanism of the fixing elements 13 can also be mechanical
or even manual, and can incorporate safety devices to block the position of the fixing
means 13 inside the perforations 8a or 8b.
[0041] As a safety element, the side walls 10 of the adaptor 2, at the opposite end to that
of the master pin 7, are in the shape of a hook 18, whose open or eye section, in
the coupling position, coincides with the hooks 5 and 5' or 6 and 6', depending on
the coupling position, allowing a safety master pin to pass through them, joining
the adaptor 2 and the tool 3. The hook configuration 18 will also, if necessary, mean
that the hooks can act as lifting hooks, so that through their open end the adaptor
can be suspended by a supporting cable.
[0042] Figs. 5 and 6 show the arm 4 of a back-digger machine or similar, in whose end the
adaptor 2 is fixed respectively via the master pins 7 and 7', and in which the tool
3, in this case a shovel, is coupled to the adaptor, in two different positions. turned
180° respectively with respect to one another and according to an imaginary axis of
rotation 19.
[0043] A second form of embodiment of the quick-coupling device for tools on digger machines
or similar is shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. In said figures, for simplification, the
same numerical references have been used to indicate the same or similar components
with respect to the description of the first form of embodiment in Figs. 1 to 6.
[0044] As can be seen in Fig. 7, the device comprises an adaptor 2, joined to the articulated
arm of the machine via master pins 7 and 7', and is made up of a base 17 which is
essentially flat and side walls 10. The ends of the master pin 7, located at the front
end of the adaptor 2, are to be received and partially gripped by the front hooks
5, 5', or by the rear hooks 6, 6', of the coupling means 1 of the tool 3. In this
way, and in the same way as in the previous embodiment, the device is reversible since
the tool 3 can be coupled to the adaptor 2 using the coupling means 1, in two positions
which are both turned 180° with respect to an imaginary vertical axis 19.
[0045] In Fig. 7, in which the adaptor 2 and the tool 3 are separate, it can also be seen
that the coupling means 1 have housing means 21, 21' and 22, 22' respectively on their
front and rear parts, for the adaptor 2. Said housing means consist in protruding
extensions in the form of prismatic wedges. These prismatic wedges have sloping surfaces
24, those of the forward wedge being directly opposite those of the opposite end of
the coupling means 1, with which said sloping surfaces of the front wedges 21, 21'
are facing the corresponding sloping surfaces of the rear wedges 22 y 22'. While the
adaptor 2 is being coupled, this characteristic makes the end of the adaptor 2 opposite
to the master pin 7 rest on said sloping surfaces, and the adaptor 2 is forced to
move towards its front end, so that the master pin 7 fits securely in the hooks of
the locking means and the base 17 is in contact with a corresponding portion, with
an essentially flat surface 17', of the tool 3 or the coupling means 1.
[0046] To improve the effect produced by the sloping surfaces of the wedges 21, 21' and
22, 22', the adaptor 2 has respective chamfers on each of its side walls 10, with
slopes which match those of the wedges, so that in the coupling position the chamfers
rest, without any play, on the sloping surfaces of the front or rear wedges, depending
on the positioning of the coupling.
[0047] In Fig. 8, the ends of the master pin 7 are introduced in the hooks 5 and 5' and
the rear wedges 22 and 22' have still not yet been supported by the chamfers 23 of
the adaptor 2. In this figure, the movable fixing means 13 can be seen positioned
at the same distance with respect to the master pins 7 and 7', while the perforations
8 of the side walls 9 of the coupling means 1 are at the distance with respect to
the front hooks 5, 5' and rear hooks 6, 6'. In this way the fixing means 13 of the
adaptor, upon being moved perpendicularly through the walls 10 of the adaptor, can
be inserted inside the perforations 8 of the side walls 9 of the coupling means 1
to transmit the movements of the adaptor 2 to the tool 3, whatever the positioning
of the coupling, in the same way as that of the first form of embodiment.
[0048] By having the same shape as the fixing means 13 getting smaller towards the outside,
to match the section with the perforations 8, upon introducing the fixing means in
the perforations, a wedge effect is produced, which forces the adaptor 2 to move towards
the tool 3 and, due to the effect of the sloping surfaces of the wedges 22 and 22'
(depending on the positioning of the coupling in Figs. 6 and 7) the adaptor 2 is also
forced to move in a direction towards its front end, ensuring the correct coupling
between itself and the tool 3.
[0049] As can be seen in Fig. 9, and different from the first form of embodiment, the inner
surfaces of the walls 9 of the coupling means are not sloped at all and are perpendicular
to the surface 17' of the tool 3. Nevertheless, in order to guide the coupling of
the adaptor and to help introduce it between the walls 9 of the coupling means 1,
the outer surface of the side walls 10 of the adaptor 2 have sloping guiding surfaces
10'. In the example given in the drawings, said guiding surfaces are positioned around
the protruding ends of the master pins 7 and 7', and are cone shaped whose imaginary
axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the master pins. In this way, whatever
the slope of the adaptor 2 with respect to the tool 3 during the coupling process,
the guiding surfaces 10' which are in contact with the walls 9 of the coupling means
converge in the direction of coupling and act as guides to ensure the adaptor 2 is
correctly introduced between said walls 9.
[0050] In Fig. 10, in which the adaptor 2 is coupled to the tool 3 via the coupling means
1, it can be seen that the inventor also provided for the adaptor 2 to have at least
one perforation 25, positioned level with the rear master pin 7', and in one of the
side walls 10, which communicates the upper surface of said wall 10 with the perforation
for housing the master pin 7'. This master pin 7' has its own respective perforations
which are axially aligned with the perforations 25, enabling the end of the safety
master pin, introduced through the perforations 25 of the adaptor 2, to be housed.
In this way, the safety master pin prevents the master pin 7' from moving, securing
its position in the adaptor 2, which joins the adaptor to the mechanical arm 4 of
the machine.
[0051] Also in Fig. 10, the adaptor 2 is coupled to the tool 3 in a position which is turned
180° with respect to the coupling position shown in the previous Figs. 7 and 8, without
needing to change or replace the tool 3 with another whose coupling means can be adjusted
to the new coupling positioning. Using the same adaptor 2 and the same tool 3, the
latter can be coupled in different positions, greatly improving what other known devices
can offer.
1. A quick-coupling device (1, 2) for coupling tools (3) on machines, especially agricultural,
transport, lifting, digging and earth-moving machines, said machines comprising an
articulated arm (4) having a distal end portion to which a rigid tool (3) is couplable,
the quick-coupling device (1, 2) comprising:
- an adaptor (2) joinable to said articulated arm (4) through at least one master
pin (7), the adaptor comprising a substantially flat base plate (17) with first side
walls (10), and displaceable locking means (13) protruding transversally through the
first side walls (10); and
- coupling means (1) attachable to the tool (3) and comprising rigid hooks (5, 5',
6, 6') engageable with said at least one master pin (7) and second side walls (9)
with openings (8) aligned with the displaceable locking means (13) of the adaptor
(2) when the device is in use in its locking position,
wherein the first side walls (10) of the adaptor (2) are, in use, locked between the
second side walls (9) of the coupling means (1),
wherein at least a part of the first side walls (10) comprises first inclined surface
portions (10') converging in the coupling direction and/or at least a part of the
second side walls (9) of the coupling means (1) comprises converging second inclined
surface portions (9'), such that the base plate (17) of the adaptor (2) is in contact
with a corresponding substantially flat-surfaced portion (17') of the tool (3) When
the adaptor (2) is locked onto the coupling means (1) and tool (3), respectively,
by engaging the displaceable locking means (13) with the openings (8) of the coupling
means (1),
characterised in that the coupling means (1) of the tool (3) comprises four rigid hooks (5,5', 6,6') located
on the four ends of the second side walls (9) of the coupling means (1), a pair of
rigid hooks (5, 5') being located at a front portion and a pair of rigid hooks (6,
6') being located at a rear portion, said rigid hooks (5,5', 6,6') being positioned
so that the at least one master pin (7) is able to be coupled with both the pair of
front hooks (5,5') and with the pair of rear hooks (6,6'), so that the tool (3) is
able to be coupled and fixed to the adaptor (2) in two different positions, at an
angle of 180° with respect to one another.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the side walls (10) of the adaptor
(2) have sloping guiding surfaces (10') around the protruding ends of at least one
master pin (7,7'), said surfaces being cone-shaped with an imaginary axis being coincident
with the longitudinal axis of the master pin (7,7').
3. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first side walls (10) comprises
first inclined surface portions (10') converging in the coupling direction and at
least a part of the second side walls (9) of the coupling means (1) comprise converging
second inclined surface portions (9'), said converging second inclined surface portions
(9') matching the first inclined surface portions (10') so as to achieve a wedge effect
between the first inclined surface portions (10') and the converging second inclined
surface portions (9').
4. The device of any of claims 1-3, wherein there are two perforations (8) on each side
wall (9), opposite each other, and equidistant from the hooks on the same wall (9)
and axially aligned in the coupling position with the movable fixing means (13) through
the side walls (10) of the adaptor (2) and the master pin (7) being coupled in the
pair of front hooks (5,5') or in the pair of rear hooks (6, 6'), due to the symmetrical
positioning of the perforations (8), the movable fixing means (13) of the adaptor(2),
upon moving, are introduced in the said perforations (8) of the coupling means (1)
of the tool (3), the coupling means (2) and the tool (3) being joined in any of the
possible coupling positions.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the perforations (8) of the side walls (10) of the
tool (3) have a section which gets smaller towards the outside, which matches with
another section which gets smaller towards the outside of the fixing means (13) to
be housed inside of these during the coupling position.
6. The device of any of claims 1-5, wherein the coupling means (1) have in their front
and rear parts means for housing the adaptor (2), which respectively have opposite
sloping surfaces, and in that the end of the tool (2) opposite the master pin (7)
has at least one matching chamfer with a sloping surface so that, in the coupling
position, the chamfer or chamfers can rest, without any play, on the sloping surfaces
of the housing means located on the front or rear part of the coupling means (1),
depending on the coupling position.
7. The device of any of claims 1-6, wherein at least one fixing means (13) has a rod
(16) whose free end is visible from the outside, so that it can be determined visually
whether the fixing element (13) is housed inside the corresponding perforation (8).
1. Schnellkuppelvorrichtung (1, 2) zum Ankuppeln von Werkzeugen (3) an Maschinen, insbesondere
Landwirtschafts-, Beförderungs-, Hub-, Schürf- und Erdbaumaschinen, wobei die Maschinen
einen angelenkten Arm (4) umfassen, der mit einem distalen Endabschnitt ausgestattet
ist, an den ein starres Werkzeug (3) kuppelbar ist,
wobei die Schnellkuppelvorrichtung (1, 2) Folgendes umfasst:
- einen Adapter (2) der mit dem angelenkten Arm (4) durch mindestens einen Hauptbolzen
(7) verbindbar ist, wobei der Adapter eine im wesentlichen flache Grundplatte (17)
mit ersten Seitenwänden (10) und verschiebbare Verriegelungsmittel (13) umfasst, die
quer durch die ersten Seitenwände (10) vorstehen, und
- ein Kuppelmittel (1), das an dem Werkzeug (3) befestigbar ist und starre Haken (5,5',
6,6'), die mit dem mindestens einen Hauptbolzen (7), und zweite Seitenwände (9), mit
Öffnungen (8) umfasst, die mit den verschiebbaren Verrieglungsmitteln (13) des Adapters
(2) ausgerichtet sind, wenn die Vorrichtung in ihrer Verriegelungsposition verwendet
wird,
wobei die ersten Seitenwände (10) des Adapters (2) im Gebrauch zwischen den zweiten
Seitenwänden (9) der Kuppelmittel (1) verriegelt sind,
wobei mindestens ein Teil der ersten Seitenwände (10) erste geneigte Flächenabschnitte
(10') umfasst, die sich in der Kuppelrichtung annähern, und/oder mindestens ein Teil
der zweiten Seitenwände (9) des Kuppelmittels (1) sich annähernde zweite geneigte
Flächenabschnitte (9') umfasst, so dass die Grundplatte (17) des Adapters (2) im Kontakt
mit einem entsprechenden, im wesentlichen mit einer flachen Fläche ausgebildeten Abschnitt
(17') des Werkzeugs (2) steht, wenn der Adapter (2) jeweils auf dem Kuppelmittel (1)
und dem Werkzeug (3) verriegelt ist, indem die verschiebbaren Verriegelungsmittel
(13) mit den Öffnungen (8) des Kuppelmittels (1) in Eingriff genommen werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- das Kuppelmittel (1) des Werkzeugs (3) vier starre Haken (5,5', 6,6') umfasst, die
an den vier Enden der zweiten Seitenwände (9) des Kuppelmittels (1) angebracht sind,
wobei ein Paar starrer Haken (5,5') an einem vorderen Abschnitt und ein Paar starrer
Haken (6,6') an einem hinteren Abschnitt angebracht ist, wobei die starren Haken (5,5',
6,6') so angeordnet sind, dass der mindestens eine Hauptbolzen (7) sowohl mit dem
Paar vorderer Haken (5,5') als auch mit dem Paar hinterer Haken (6,6') angekuppelt
werden kann, so dass das Werkzeug (3) in zwei verschiedenen Positionen in einem Winkel
von 180° zueinander an den Adapter (2) gekuppelt und befestigt werden kann.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Außenfläche der Seitenwände (10) des Adapters
(2) mit abfallenden Führungsflächen (10') um die vorstehenden Enden des mindestens
einen Hauptbolzens (7,7') ausgestattet ist, wobei die Flächen kegelförmig mit einer
gedachten Achse ausgebildet sind, die mit der Längsachse des Hauptbolzens (7,7') zusammenfällt.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei mindestens ein Teil der ersten Seitenwände (10)
erste geneigte Flächenabschnitte (10') umfasst, die sich in der Kuppelrichtung annähern,
und mindestens ein Teil der zweiten Seitenwände (9) des Kuppelmittels (1) sich annähernde
zweite geneigte Flächenabschnitte (9') umfasst, wobei die sich annähernden zweiten
geneigten Flächenabschnitte (9') mit den ersten geneigten Flächenabschnitten (10')
zusammenpassen, um einen Keileffekt zwischen den ersten geneigten Flächenabschnitten
(10') und den sich annähernden zweiten geneigten Flächenabschnitten (9') zu erhalten.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei zwei Lochungen (8) an jeder Seitenwand
(9) einander gegenüberliegend und von den Haken an derselben Wand (9) gleich beabstandet
und in der Kuppelstellung mit den beweglichen Befestigungsmitteln (13) durch die Seitenwände
(10) des Adapters (2) axial ausgerichtet vorgesehen sind, und der Hauptbolzen (7)
in das Paar vorderer Haken (5,5') oder in das Paar hinterer Haken (6,6') eingekuppelt
ist, die beweglichen Befestigungsmittel (13) des Adapters (2) aufgrund der symmetrischen
Anordnung der Lochungen (8) beim Bewegen in die Lochungen (8) des Kuppelmittels (1)
des Werkzeugs (3) eingeführt werden, wobei das Kuppelmittel (2) und das Werkzeug (3)
in jeder der möglichen Kuppelpositionen verbunden sind.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Lochungen (8) der Seitenwände (10) des Werkzeugs
(3) mit einem Abschnitt ausgestattet sind, der zur Außenseite hin kleiner wird, was
mit einem anderen Abschnitt zusammenpasst, der zur Außenseite des Befestigungsmittels
(13) hin kleiner wird, das in der Kuppelposition in diesem aufgenommen wird.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Kuppelmittel (1) in ihrem
vorderen und in ihrem hinteren Teil mit Mitteln zum Aufnehmen des Adapters (2) ausgestattet
sind, die jeweils mit gegenüberliegenden abfallenden Flächen ausgestattet sind, und
bei der das Ende des Werkzeugs (2), das dem Hauptbolzen (7) gegenüberliegt, mit mindestens
einer passenden Abschrägung mit einer abfallenden Fläche ausgestattet ist, so dass
die Abschrägung oder die Abschrägungen in der Kuppelposition ohne Spiel auf den abfallenden
Flächen des Aufnahmemittels liegen können, das entsprechend der Kuppelposition auf
dem vorderen und dem hinteren Teil der Kuppelmittel (1) angeordnet ist.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei mindestens ein Befestigungsmittel
(13) mit einer Stange (16) ausgestattet ist, deren freies Ende von Außen sichtbar
ist, so dass sichtbar feststellbar ist, ob das Befestigungselement (13) in der entsprechenden
Lochung (8) aufgenommen ist.
1. Dispositif à accouplement rapide (1, 2) pour le couplage d'outils (3) sur des machines,
en particulier des machines agricoles, de transport, de levage, d'excavation et de
terrassement, lesdites machines comprenant un bras articulé (4) ayant une partie d'extrémité
distale à laquelle peut être couplé un outil rigide (3),
le dispositif à accouplement rapide (1, 2) comprenant :
- un adaptateur (2) pouvant être uni audit bras articulé (4) par l'intermédiaire d'au
moins une goupille principale (7), l'adaptateur comprenant une embase sensiblement
plane (17) avec des premières parois latérales (10), et des moyens de verrouillage
déplaçables (13) ressortant transversalement à travers les premières parois latérales
(10); et
- des moyens d'accouplement (1) pouvant être fixés à l'outil (3) et comprenant des
crochets rigides (5, 5', 6, 6') pouvant venir en prise avec ladite au moins une goupille
principale (7) et des deuxièmes parois latérales (9) avec des ouvertures (8) alignées
sur les moyens de verrouillage déplaçables (13) de l'adaptateur (2) lorsque le dispositif
est en utilisation dans sa position de verrouillage,
dans lequel les premières parois latérales (10) de l'adaptateur (2), en utilisation,
sont verrouillées entre les deuxièmes parois latérales (9) des moyens d'accouplement
(1),
dans lequel au moins une partie des premières parois latérales (10) comprend des premières
parties de surface inclinées (10') convergeant dans la direction d'accouplement et/ou
au moins une partie des deuxièmes parois latérales (9) des moyens d'accouplement (1)
comprend des deuxièmes parties de surface inclinées convergentes (9'), de sorte que
l'embase (17) de l'adaptateur (2) soit en contact avec une partie de surface sensiblement
plane (17') correspondante de l'outil (3) lorsque l'adaptateur (2) est verrouillé
respectivement sur les moyens d'accouplement (1) et l'outil (3) en amenant les moyens
de verrouillage déplaçables (13) en prise avec les ouvertures (8) du moyen d'accouplement
(1),
caractérisé par le fait que les moyens d'accouplement (1) de l'outil (3) comprennent quatre crochets rigides
(5, 5', 6, 6') situés aux quatre extrémités des deuxièmes parois latérales (9) des
moyens d'accouplement (1), une paire de crochets rigides (5, 5') étant située dans
une partie avant et une paire de crochets rigides (6, 6') étant située dans une partie
arrière, lesdits crochets rigides (5, 5', 6, 6') étant positionnés de sorte qu'au
moins une goupille principale (7) puisse être couplée tant à la paire de crochets
avant (5, 5') qu'à la paire de crochets arrière (6, 6'), de sorte que l'outil (3)
puisse être couplé et fixé à l'adaptateur (2) en deux positions différentes, suivant
un angle de 180° l'une par rapport à l'autre.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface extérieure des parois
latérales (10) de l'adaptateur (2) présente des surfaces de guidage en pente (10')
autour des extrémités saillantes d'au moins une goupille principale (7, 7'), lesdites
surfaces étant en forme de cône avec un axe imaginaire coïncidant avec l'axe longitudinal
de la goupille principale (7, 7').
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une partie des premières parois latérales
(10) comprend des premières parties de surface inclinées (10') convergentes dans la
direction d'accouplement et au moins une partie des deuxièmes parois latérales (9)
des moyens d'accouplement (1) comprend des parties de surface inclinées convergentes
(9'), lesdites parties de surface inclinées convergentes (9') épousant les premières
parties de surface inclinées (10') de manière à obtenir un effet de cale entre les
premières parties de surface inclinées (10') et les deuxièmes parties de surface inclinées
convergentes (9').
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel il existe
deux perforations (8) sur chaque paroi latérale (9), opposées l'une à l'autre, et
équidistantes des crochets sur la même paroi (9) et axialement alignées en position
d'accouplement sur les moyens de fixation déplaçables (13) dans les parois latérales
(10) de l'adaptateur (2), et la goupille principale (7) est couplée dans la paire
de crochets avant (5, 5') ou dans la paire de crochets arrière (6, 6'), du fait du
positionnement symétrique des perforations (8), les moyens de fixation déplaçables
(13) de l'adaptateur (2) sont, après le déplacement, introduits dans lesdites perforations
(8) des moyens d'accouplement (1) de l'outil (3), les moyens d'accouplement (2) et
l'outil (3) étant unis dans l'une ou l'autre des positions d'accouplement possibles.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les perforations (8) des parois latérales
(10) de l'outil (3) présentent un segment qui devient plus petit vers l'extérieur,
lequel coïncide avec un autre segment qui devient plus petit vers l'extérieur des
moyens de fixation (13) devant être logés à l'intérieur de ces dernières pendant la
position d'accouplement.
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque de revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les moyens
d'accouplement (1) présentent, dans leurs parties avant et arrière, des moyens de
logement de l'adaptateur (2) qui présentent respectivement des surfaces en pente opposées,
et en ce que l'extrémité de l'outil (2) opposée à la goupille principale (7) présente
au moins un chanfrein coïncident avec une surface en pente, de sorte que, en position
d'accouplement, le ou les chanfreins puissent s'appuyer, sans aucun jeu, sur les surfaces
en pente des moyens de logement situés sur la partie avant ou arrière des moyens d'accouplement
(1), en fonction de la position d'accouplement.
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel au moins un
moyen de fixation (13) présente une tige (16) dont l'extrémité libre est visible de
l'extérieur, de sorte qu'il puisse être déterminé visuellement si l'élément de fixation
(13) est logé à l'intérieur de la perforation correspondante (8).