[0001] This invention concerns a rubble grinder mainly suitable for grinding particularly
resistant materials.
[0002] More specifically, the invention concerns the special shape of each of the grinder
tools which process the rubble.
[0003] From here on the term tool or tooth shall have the same meaning.
[0004] There are various types of grinders used to break up both urban and industrial waste
into pieces (see
US 4 946 109 disclosing a grinder according to preamble of claim 1. The sector for which this
invention is especially, but not exclusively, intended is
[0005] the sector for grinding rubble such as, for example, the rubble originating from
the demolition of buildings or from their destruction due to natural disasters.
[0006] Rubble of this type is generally the mixed type such as, for example, blocks of reinforced
concrete and concrete in which steel rods are embedded.
[0007] The resistance to impact for breaking up this rubble obviously differs according
to the tool used to strike the concrete or the steel rod.
[0008] It is however evident that the tools used to break up the materials are subjected
to a very high degree of wear even if special high-resistance steel is used.
[0009] It is therefore necessary to periodically carry out maintenance operations on the
grinder, replacing the worn tools with new ones.
[0010] A type of grinder for soft material waste is known in which the grinder has two parallel
substantially cylindrical rotors turning in opposite directions.
[0011] The rotors are connected to crushing tools which are positioned around the circumference
at regular intervals and housed in supports directly welded on the rotor.
[0012] The tools are interchangeable, being fixed to the support by means of a screw and
locking nut. The screw and nut clamp the tool to the support.
[0013] This type of solution is suitable for processing and crushing soft material, but
cannot be used for the rubble initially described since the nut which clamps the tool
together with the screw would very quickly become worn.
[0014] As a result of this wear, replacement of the tool would indeed become impracticable
since it would be impossible to remove the nut from the screw.
[0015] The known machines for processing rubble, which is very hard material, generally
consist of hammer mills or grinders comprising a pair of counterrotating rotors equipped
with tools arranged radially and positioned along circumferences equidistant from
the rotating cylinders.
[0016] The grinder tools are welded to the rotors so that their replacement, due to the
wear to which they are subjected, involves the removal of the welding to free the
tooth followed by new welding to fit the new tooth.
[0017] It is obvious that this system not only involves a long and costly operation but
also damages the physical structure of the rotor since the areas in which the welding
is carried out are subjected to thermal shocks which weaken the material to an unacceptable
extent for the considerable strain to which the rotor is subjected.
[0018] The aim of this invention is to overcome the limitations of the prior art described
above.
[0019] The main aim of the invention is to produce a rubble grinder equipped with tools
that are easily interchangeable without having to remove and redo the welding.
[0020] A further aim is to equip the grinder with tools that are able to withstand the heaviest
stress due, for example, to the presence of steel rods embedded in the concrete.
[0021] Another aim of the invention is to facilitate the tool fitting and removal operations
so that worn tools can be easily replaced also by not particularly expert personnel.
[0022] An additional aim of the invention is to facilitate the tool fitting and removal
operations so that differently shaped tools for the various types of material to be
processed can be fitted easily.
[0023] All the aims described above together with others which will be described in greater
detail below are achieved by the grinder according to the invention as defined in
the claims.
[0024] According to the invention, the joining means comprise a shank, protruding from the
second part of the tooth, which is inserted in a slot made in the edge of the disc.
[0025] In this embodiment, the second part of the tooth presents a curved recess in its
lower edge, positioned in correspondence with a through hole made near the edge of
the disc.
[0026] The through hole and the recess can thus accommodate another fixing pin. Advantageously,
this additional fixing pin provides excellent stability of the tooth with respect
to the edge of the disc to which it is connected.
[0027] According to a variation, the joining means comprise a shank, protruding from the
edge of the disc, which is inserted in a slot made in the second part of the tooth.
[0028] The tooth has a truncated cone cross-section so that it can be inserted as a wedge
in a respective housing present in the edge of the disc.
[0029] Advantageously, this variation, which is an alternative to the previously described
embodiment, also ensures excellent stability of the tooth with respect to the edge
of the disc to which it is connected, replacing the use of the additional fixing pin
with the wedge joint.
[0030] Also advantageously, the pins present in the above-mentioned embodiments, being arranged
transversally with respect to the midplane of each tooth, are protected against the
blows made by the material on the tooth during processing operations both when the
rotor rotates in the working direction and when it rotates in the opposite direction
to unblock the jamming of the machine when it encounters material that cannot be crushed.
[0031] It is indeed in this latter situation that the tooth on each disc would tend to become
detached from its housing if it were not sufficiently anchored in place and prevented
from making this movement, as on the other hand is ensured by this invention.
[0032] Additional features and details of the invention will be more evident on reading
the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given as a non-binding
example and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
- fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the grinder according to the invention;
- figs. 2 to 4 show some details of the grinder according to the invention;
- figs. 5 to 7 show some details of an embodiment of the grinder according to the invention.
[0033] With reference to fig. 1 it can be seen that the rubble grinder according to the
invention, indicated in general with the reference number
10, presents a container space
1, suitable to accommodate the material to be crushed, equipped with two rotor
3 and
4, arranged paraller to each other, each being driven by a motor, respectively
31 and
41.
[0034] The rotors
3 and
4 turn in opposite directions in order to convey the material to be processed into
the space between them which forms the crushing area.
[0035] According to another embodiment of the invention, the distance between the axes of
the rotors can be adjustable through means of the known type in order to obtain different
sizes of the pieces of crushed material according to requirements.
[0036] According to a further embodiment of the invention, not described and not shown in
the drawings, there is only one rotor and the crushing area is located in the space
between the rotor and one counter wall.
[0037] Each rotor
3 and
4 presents a series of discs
5, an example of which can be seen in fig. 2, which are spaced out at regular intervals
along the length of each rotor
3, 4.
[0038] These are rigidly connected to the rotor by means, for example, of an opening
51 which, in the case of the example in fig. 2, is substantially square and which is
coupled to the square cross-section rotor shaft.
[0039] This embodiment should be intended as not being restrictive as regards other different
embodiments according to which the discs are connected to the rotor in different ways,
such as, for example, by means of protrusions present on the surface of the discs
and which are accommodated in appropriate housings inside the rotor.
[0040] According to the preferred embodiment described here, the disc
5 presents a vaguely triangular shape formed by three curves which define three zones
positioned at 120° to each other, each being connected to a tooth
7.
[0041] According to the invention, each tooth
7 presents a first part
71, which comes into contact with the material to be crushed, and a second part
72 connected to the edge
6 of the discs
5 by joining means
11.
[0042] As can be seen in fig. 3, the first part
71 of the tooth
7 presents an upper portion
75 which protrudes with respect to the rest of the body
76.
[0043] This upper portion
75 is the actual working area of the tooth
7 and also represents the part subject to wear.
[0044] It is followed by a downwardly decreasing pyramidal profile.
[0045] As regards the second part
72, this presents at least a first hole
721 the axis of which is perpendicular to the midplane of the tooth
7.
[0046] When the tooth is attached to the edge
6 of the disc
5, this first hole
721 accommodates a through fixing pin
8, as can be seen in fig. 4, for a second hole
62 present near the edge of the disc
5.
[0047] The fixing pin
8 is therefore at right angles to the midplane of the tooth
7.
[0048] According to the preferred embodiment described here and shown in fig.
3, the joining means
11 comprise a shank
73, present on the second part
72 of the tooth
7, which is inserted in a slot
61 present in the edge
6 of the disc
5.
[0049] The thickness
s of the shank
73 is less than the thickness
S of the first part
71.
[0050] In addition to the first hole
721, the shank
73 also presents an arch-shaped recess
722 on the lower edge
723 of the shank
73.
[0051] As can be seen in fig. 4, when the tooth
7 is attached to the edge
6 of the disc
5, the recess
722 is positioned in correspondence with a through hole
63, present near the edge
6 of the disc
5, and together with this through hole
63 accommodates another fixing pin
9.
[0052] This additional pin
9 is also at right angles to the midplane of the tooth
7.
[0053] In this way, the fixing pins
8 and
9, respectively inserted in the holes
62 and
63 near the edge
6 of the disc
5, in the hole
721 and in the recess
722 firmly clamp the tooth
7 to the disc
5.
[0054] It should be noted that the substantially parallelepiped shape of the shank
73 prevents the tooth
7 from slipping out of the slot
61 in the disc
5 even if it is subjected to recoil due to rejection of the material or to the inverted
rotation of the rotor activated to unblock the material jamming the rotation of the
rotors
3, 4.
[0055] It should also be pointed out that the position of the two pins perpendicular to
the midplane of the tooth prevents them from being damaged in any way so that, when
it is necessary to replace the tooth due to normal wear and tear, a few hammer blows
together with the help of a nail are sufficient to remove the pins and free the tooth
from its housing.
[0056] As regards the lower edge
723 of the tooth
7, this also comprises an overhang
731 suitable to be inserted in the slot
61.
[0057] This overhang
731 helps the positioning of the tooth
7 holding it in place during the lateral stress to which the tooth
7 is subjected.
[0058] According to a different embodiment, which can be seen in fig. 5, the joining means
111 comprise a shank
161, protruding from the edge
106 of the disc
105, which is inserted in a slot
173 present in the second part
172 of the tooth
107.
[0059] In particular, as can be seen in fig. 6, the housing
112 of the tooth
107, cut in the edge
106 of the disc
105, presents a truncated cone profile matching that of the tooth
107 so that the tooth
107 is inserted like a wedge in the housing
112.
[0060] This ensures the fixing stability of the tooth to the disc with an alternative embodiment
to the presence of the last pin present in the embodiment described previously.
[0061] With regard to the first part
171 of the tooth
107, as can be seen in fig. 7, this embodiment also presents an upper portion
175 which protrudes with respect to the rest of the body
176.
[0062] This upper portion
175 is the actual working area of the tooth
107 and is also the part which becomes worn.
[0063] As has been shown, all the aims of the invention have been achieved.
[0064] In particular, the aims of achieving a simple and inexpensive coupling between the
housing and the tooth and also an equally simple removal of the worn tooth without
additional problems have been achieved.
[0065] Furthermore, the shape of the tooth is such that any movement tending to shift the
tooth from its housing during working operations is in fact prevented.
[0066] During construction, modifications or additional variations may be made to the grinder
according to the invention, which, although not described or shown here, can be considered
as protected by this patent on condition they are within the scope of the claims which
follow.
1. A grinder (10) for rubble comprising:
- a container space (1) to accommodate the material to be crushed and internally equipped
with
- at least one rotor (3, 4) which conveys the material to be processed to a crushing
area and which presents a plurality of discs (5) distributed along the length of said
rotor (3, 4), the edge (6) of each of said discs (5) presenting a plurality of teeth
(7) suitable to crush the material, each of said teeth (7) presenting:
- a first part (71) which comes into contact with the material to be crushed and
- a second part (72) presenting at least one first hole (721) the axis of which is
substantially perpendicular to the midplane of said tooth (7) and suitable to accommodate
one fixing pin (8) passing through a corresponding second hole (62) present near said
edge (6) of said disc (5),
characterised in that, in correspondence with the lower edge (723) of said second part (72) of said tooth
(7), at least an arch-shaped recess (722) is positioned in correspondence with a through
hole (63) made near said edge (6) of said disc (5) and suitable to accommodate an
additional fixing pin (9) passing through said hole (63) made near said edge (6) of
said disc (5), and
in that
said second part (72) of said tooth cooperating with said edge (6) of said disc (5)
through joining means (11) comprises:
- a shank (73), protruding from said tooth (7) and suitable to be inserted in a slot
(61) cut in at least one portion of said edge (6) of said disc (5) and
- an overhang (731) on the lower edge (723) of said second part (72) of said tooth
(7) and suitable to be inserted in said slot (61) of said edge (6) of said disc (5).
2. The grinder (10) according to claim 1) characterised in that it presents at least two rotors (3, 4) arranged parallel to each other and turning
in opposite directions in order to convey the material to be processed into the space
between said two rotors (3, 4), said space forming said crushing area.
3. The grinder (10) according to claim 1) characterised in that said midplane of said tooth (7) is parallel to the midplane of said disc (5).
4. The grinder (10) according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that said first part (71) of said tooth (7) presents an upper portion (75) which protrudes
with respect to the rest of the body (76) followed by a downwardly decreasing pyramidal
profile.
5. The grinder (10) according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that each of said discs (5) houses three teeth (7) positioned at 120° to each other.
1. Mühle (10) für Schutt, umfassend:
- einen Behälterraum (1) zur Aufnahme des zu zerkleinernden Materials, der innen mit
- zumindest einem Rotor (3, 4) ausgestattet ist, der das zu bearbeitende Material
zu einem Zerkleinerungsbereich bewegt und eine Vielzahl an Scheiben (5) aufweist,
die entlang der Länge des Rotors (3, 4) verteilt sind, wobei der Rand (6) einer jeden
Scheibe (5) eine Vielzahl an Zähnen (7) aufweist, die dazu geeignet sind, das Material
zu zerkleinern,
wobei jeder der Zähne (7) Folgendes aufweist:
- einen ersten Teil (71), der mit dem zu zerkleinernden Material in Kontakt gerät,
und
- einen zweiten Teil (72), der zumindest ein erstes Loch (721) aufweist, dessen Achse
im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Mittelebene des Zahns (7) steht und das dazu geeignet
ist, einen Befestigungszapfen (8) aufzunehmen, der durch ein entsprechendes zweites
Loch (62) tritt, das in der Nähe des Rands (6) der Scheibe (5) vorhanden ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am unteren Rand (723) des zweiten Teils (72) des Zahns (7) zumindest eine bogenförmige
Ausnehmung (722) in Übereinstimmung mit einem Durchgangsloch (63), das in der Nähe
des Rands (6) der Scheibe (5) ausgebildet ist, angeordnet ist und dazu geeignet ist,
einen zusätzlichen Befestigungszapfen (9) aufzunehmen, der durch das Loch (63) tritt,
das in der Nähe des Rands (6) der Scheibe (5) ausgebildet ist,
und dass der zweite Teil (72) des Zahns, der über Verbindungsmittel (11) mit dem Rand (6)
der Scheiben (5) zusammenwirkt, Folgendes umfasst:
- einen Schaft (73), der vom Zahn (7) vorsteht und dazu geeignet ist, in einen Schlitz
(61) eingeführt zu werden, der in zumindest einem Abschnitt des Rands (6) der Scheibe
(5) eingeschnitten ist, und
- einen Überhang (731) am unteren Rand (723) des zweiten Teils (72) des Zahns (7),
der dazu geeignet ist, in den Schlitz (61) des Rands (6) der Scheibe (5) eingeführt
zu werden.
2. Mühle (10) nach Anspruch 1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zumindest zwei Rotoren (3, 4) aufweist, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind
und sich in entgegengesetzte Richtungen drehen, um das zu bearbeitende Material in
den Raum zwischen den Rotoren (3, 4) zu bewegen, wobei dieser Raum den Zerkleinerungsbereich
bildet.
3. Mühle (10) nach Anspruch 1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelebene des Zahns (7) parallel zur Mittelebene der Scheibe (5) ist.
4. Mühle (10) nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Teil (71) des Zahns (7) einen oberen Abschnitt (71) aufweist, der in Bezug
auf den verbleibenden Körper (76) vorsteht, gefolgt von einem nach unten hin abnehmenden
Pyramidenprofil.
5. Mühle (10) nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der Scheiben (5) drei Zähne (7) aufnimmt, die in einem Abstand von 120° zueinander
angeordnet sind.
1. Broyeur (10) pour gravats comprenant:
- un espace conteneur (1) apte à accueillir le matériel à broyer et doté à l'intérieur
de
- au moins un rotor (3, 4) qui transporte le matériel à traiter vers une zone de broyage
et qui présente une pluralité de disques (5) distribués le long de la longueur dudit
rotor (3, 4), le bord (6) de chacun desdits disques (5) présente une pluralité de
dents (7) indiquées pour broyer ledit matériel,
chacune desdites dents (7) présentant:
- une première partie (71) qui entre en contact avec le matériel à broyer et
- une deuxième partie (72) présentant au moins un premier trou (721) dont l'axe est
essentiellement perpendiculaire au plan médian de ladite dent (7) et indiqué à recevoir
une cheville de fixation (8) passant à travers un deuxième trou correspondant (62)
se trouvant près dudit bord (6) dudit disque (5),
caractérisé en ce qu'à hauteur du bord inférieur (723) de ladite deuxième partie (72) de ladite dent (7),
au moins un creux avec profil en arc (722) est positionné à hauteur d'un trou passant
(63) réalisé près dudit bord (6) dudit disque (5) et indiqué pour recevoir une cheville
de fixation ultérieure (9) passant à travers ledit trou (63) réalisé près dudit bord
(6) dudit disque (5), et
en ce que
ladite deuxième partie (72) de ladite dent coopérant avec ledit bord (6) desdits disques
(5) à travers des moyens de jonction (11) comprend
- une tige (73) saillant de ladite dent (7) et indiquée pour être insérée dans une
fissure (61) réalisée sur au moins une partie dudit bord (6) dudit disque (5) et
- une saillie (731) sur le bord inférieur (723) de ladite deuxième partie (72) de
ladite dent (7) et indiquée pour être insérée dans ladite fissure (61) dudit bord
(6) dudit disque (5).
2. Broyeur (10) selon la revendication 1), caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins deux rotors (3, 4) positionnés parallèlement entre eux et tournant
dans des directions opposées de façon à transporter le matériel à traiter dans l'espace
entre ledits deux rotors (3, 4), ledit espace formant ladite zone de broyage.
3. Broyeur (10) selon la revendication 1), caractérisé en ce que ledit plan médian de ladite dent (7) est parallèle au plan médian dudit disque (5).
4. Broyeur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite première partie (71) de ladite dent (7) présente une partie supérieure (71)
qui saillit par rapport au reste du corps (76) suivie par un profil pyramidal décroissant
vers le bas.
5. Broyeur (10) selon l'une quelcoque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit disque (5) loge trois dents (7) positionnées à 120° l'une par rapport à l'autre.