Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to artificial hair having physical properties and feeling
similar to natural hair and a wig using the same.
Background Art
[0002] Wigs have been manufactured and used since ancient age with natural hair as the material,
but recently such problems as the supply limitation of natural hair material and others
caused the manufacture to increase using synthetic fibers as hair material for wigs.
In this case, the synthetic fiber to be used is selected with the primary target that
it is basically close to natural hair in terms of feeling and physical properties.
[0003] The artificial hair materials to be used are synthetic fibers of acrylic, polyester,
and polyamide in many cases, but acrylic fibers in general have low melting point
and poor heat stability, so that they have such weak points as poor shape preservation
after permanent wave setting, resulting in distortion of setting, for example, such
as curl and the like when soaked in warm water. Polyester fibers excel in strength
and heat stability, but have too high rigidity for bending, in addition to extremely
low moisture absorbency compared with natural hair, resulting in appearance, feeling,
or physical properties different from natural hair, for example, in the environment
of high humidity, and they give markedly uncomfortable feeling when used for wigs.
[0004] Here, the rigidity for bending is the property relating to such feeling as tactile
and texture of fibers, and is widely recognized in fiber and textile industries as
such that capable of numerical expression by KAWABATA method of measurement (See Non-Patent
Reference 1.). Also, an apparatus has been developed which can measure the rigidity
for bending using a single strand of fiber or hair (See Non-Patent Reference 2.).
Hereinafter rigidity for bending may be called "bending rigidity", is also called
bending hardness, and is defined as the reciprocal number of curvature change generated
when a unit bending moment is applied to artificial hair. The larger the rigidity
for bending of artificial hair, the less bendable, the more resistant to bending,
that is, the harder and the less bendable is artificial hair. On the other hand, the
smaller the rigidity for bending, the more bendable and the softer is artificial hair.
[0005] Since polyamide fibers can offer appearance and physical properties similar to natural
hair in many aspects, they have so far been in practical use as the hair for wigs,
and especially, the invention by the present applicant of the method of manufacture
which can remove unnatural gloss by surface processing provides excellent wigs (See
Patent Reference 1.).
[0006] Polyamide fibers include linear saturated aliphatic polyamides in which only methylene
chains are connected with amide bonds as a main chain, for example, such as nylon
6 and nylon 66, and semi-aromatic polyamides in which phenylene units are included
in the main chain, for example, such as nylon 6T of TOYOBO, LTD. and MXD6 of MITSUBISHI
GAS CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.. Patent Reference 1 discloses surface-processed artificial
hair of nylon 6 fiber as the material, but only nylon 6 fiber has the rigidity for
bending lower than natural hair as the property relating to such feeling as tactile
and texture, and hence it is difficult to manufacture the artificial hair of the same
property as natural hair.
[0007] On the other hand, the artificial hair using nylon 6T has the rigidity for bending
higher than the natural hair, and hence it is difficult to manufacture the hair of
the same property as natural hair. Therefore, it might be considered to manufacture
the fiber having the rigidity for bending close to natural hair by melt-spinning of
nylon 6 and nylon 6T, but these two resins have too different melting points, and
if melting temperature is determined fitting to nylon 6T of higher melting point,
then there is too serious a problem in the manufacturing process that nylon 6 having
low melting point and relatively poor heat stability is deteriorated by thermal oxidation
during melting. Consequently, nylon 6T has not so far been in practical use as an
artificial hair material.
[0008] The fiber of sheath/core structure is known as a method to utilize both properties
of two kinds of resins. Said fiber comprises as one strand of fiber a core fiber and
a sheath fiber surrounding it, and can be a generic fiber, or artificial hair material
for wigs, by utilizing respective properties of different two kinds of resins. For
example, Patent Reference 2 discloses the fiber of sheath/core structure made of vinylidene
chloride, polypropylene, and others, and Patent Reference 3 discloses a polyamide,
but modified fiber by blending protein bridged gel into the core part.
[0009] Further, in order to prevent the transparency of ordinary synthetic fibers to cause
unnatural gloss when used as artificial hair, various attempts have been tried to
give the appearance and feeling close to natural hair by making uneven surface to
cause opacity. The above-mentioned Patent Reference 1 discloses the method of making
uneven surface by causing spherocrystal to be generated and grow, and Patent Reference
4 by treating the fiber surface with chemical reagents. In addition, also known is
the method of blast-treating of the artificial hair surface with fine powders such
as sand, ice, and dry-ice.
Disclosure of the Invention
Problems to be Solved
[0011] Artificial hair to be used for wigs is required primarily to have feeling (appearance,
tactile and texture) and physical properties close to natural hair, and in addition,
ideally speaking, the physical properties superior to natural hair. As mentioned above,
various synthetic fiber materials have their own merits and weak points, respectively,
and among them, specific polyamide fibers, especially nylon 6 and nylon 66, are in
practical use because of their superior properties, but they still have a problem
of having rigidity for bending lower than natural hair.
[0012] An object of the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned problems, to
provide an artificial hair having feeling (appearance, tactile and texture) and physical
properties close to natural hair, and a wig using it.
Means to Solve Problems
[0013] The present inventors have completed the present invention, as the result of strenuous
study, by utilizing the characteristics of polyamide fibers to make a core portion
with a polyamide fiber of high rigidity for bending, and a sheath portion with a polyamide
fiber of the rigidity for bending lower than the core portion, and by attaining the
knowledge that the sheath/core structure, that is, the structure comprising a core
fiber and the sheath fiber surrounding it, can utilize the characteristics of both
resins to be optimal as an artificial hair of the feeling (appearance, tactile and
texture) and physical properties quite close to natural hair.
[0014] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an artificial hair of the present
invention is characterized to have a sheath/core structure comprising a core portion
and a sheath portion covering the core portion, wherein the core is made of a polyamide
resin, and the sheath is made of the polyamide resin of the rigidity for bending lower
than the core portion.
[0015] In said structure, the surface of the artificial hair is preferably deglossed by
having fine concave and convex portions. Fine concave and convex portions may be made
by forming spherocrystal and/or a blast processing. The core portion is preferably
made of a semi-aromatic polyamide resin, and the sheath portion is made of a linear
saturated aliphatic polyamide. A semi-aromatic polyamide resin is preferably an alternating
copolymer of hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid, or an alternating copolymer
of metaxylylenediamine and adipic acid, and a linear saturated aliphatic polyamide
is a caprolactam ring-opening polymer, and/or an alternating copolymer of hexamethylenediamine
and adipic acid. The sheath/core weight ratio is preferably 10/90 - 35/65. The artificial
hair may contain pigment and/or dye.
[0016] The artificial hair of the present invention has a double structure of a core portion
and a sheath portion surrounding it, and since they are made of polyamide resins of
different rigidities for bending, the artificial hair can be provided which has rigidity
for bending quite close to that of natural hair with respect to humidity change. Therefore,
since said artificial hair has the rigidity for bending close to that of natural hair,
natural aritificial hair can be provided which has such feeling as appearance, tactile
and texture quite close to natural hair, thereby its rigidity for bending changes
especially by temperature and humidity resulting in the behavior close to human hair.
[0017] A wig of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a wig base and
artificial hair attached or tied to the wig base, such artificial hair as has a sheath/core
structure made of a core portion and a sheath portion covering the core, the core
portion is made of a polyamide resin, and the sheath portion is made of a polyamide
resin of the rigidity for bending lower than the core portion.
[0018] By using the artificial hair of the above-mentioned structure for a wig of the present
invention, a wig can be provided which shows the behavior quite close to that by the
rigidity for bending of natural hair to humidity change. Therefore, since the artificial
hair has good hair standing, and its rigidity for bending is close to that of natural
hair, a wig of natural appearance, and quite excellent in such feeling as appearance,
tactile and texture can be obtained. Consequently, with the artificial hair of the
rigidity for bending changing in accordance with temperature and humidity, and showing
the behavior closer to human hair than the conventional hair, such appearance is given
that of the wearer's own hair naturally growing on the head, and the wearer would
not expose the wig wearing.
Effect of the Invention
[0019] According to the present invention, the artificial hair can be provided which has
a sheath/core structure, and has feeling (appearance, tactile and texture), various
physical properties, especially rigidity for bending and its changing behavior by
humidity close to those of natural hair. Further, the wig using the artificial hair
having said sheath/core structure can provide natural feeling to the wearer and the
surrounding observers more than the conventional wig using artificial hair made of
a single synthetic fiber material.
Especially, by making artificial hair of a sheath/core structure with a sheath portion
of a polyamide resin with rigidity for bending lower than a core portion, the rigidity
for bending changes depending upon temperature and humidity, resulting in the artificial
hair showing the behavior closer to human hair, and by said artificial hair of the
present invention, even when curl is set, the extension of curl upon wetting with
water and recovery of curl upon removing moisture under natural standing can show
the behavior similar to natural hair.
Therefore, with the wig of the present invention, when worn in the rain, or under
the environment of high humidity, the artificial hair softens, hangs down, and its
bulkiness disappears, by the change characteristics of rigidity for bending by moisture
absorption of artificial hair, that is, lowering of rigidity for bending with humidity
rise, and when the absorbed water is released by natural standing or drying, artificial
hair stands up gradually to return to the original state. As a result, since a wig
can be obtained which shows the same behavior as if natural hair is growing on a scalp,
it can be a wig of excellent appearance, hard to recognize as a wig.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0020]
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a structure of an artificial hair in accordance
with a first embodiment of the invention, and (A) is a diagonal view, and (B) is a
vertical cross sectional view in the length direction of the artificial hair.
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view in the length direction diagrammatically illustrating
the structure of a modified example of the artificial hair of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatical drawing of a spinning machine used for manufacturing the
artificial hair of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatical cross sectional view illustrating an outlet used for a
spinning machine.
Fig. 5 is a diagonal view diagrammatically illustrating the structure of a wig using
artificial hair in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view diagrammatically illustrating the behavior of the wig of
Fig. 5 with respect to humidity change, and (A) shows an ordinary humidity state,
and (B) shows a high humidity state.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the stretching ratio dependency of rigidity for bending
of the artificial hair of Example 3.
Fig. 8 is an image of the cross section of artificial hair of Example 2 by an electron
microscope.
Fig. 9 is an image of the surface of artificial hair of Example 2 by an electron microscope.
Fig. 10 is an image of the cross section of artificial hair of Example 3 by an electron
microscope.
Fig. 11 is a cross sectional image of artificial hair having a sheath/core structure
of Comparative Example 3 by an electron microscope.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing the humidity dependency of rigidity for bending of the
artificial hairs of Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Fig. 13 is a graph showing the humidity dependency of rigidity for bending of the
artificial hairs of Examples 6 - 10 and Comparative Examples 1, 4, and 5.
Fig. 14 shows photographs of the initial states of curls of (A) the artificial hair
of Example of the present invention, (B) the natural hair, and (C) the conventional
artificial hair made of polyester.
Fig. 15 shows photographs of the water-soaked states of (A) the artificial hair of
Example of the present invention, (B) the natural hair, and (C) the conventional artificial
hair made of polyester.
Fig. 16 shows photographs of the dried states after water-soaking of (A) the artificial
hair of Example of the present invention, (B) the natural hair, and (C) the conventional
artificial hair made of polyester.
[0021]
- 1:
- Artificial Hair
- 1A:
- Sheath Portion
- 1B:
- Core Portion
- 1C:
- Fine Concave and Convex Portion
- 10:
- Artificial Hair Having Fine Concave and Convex Portions on Its Surface
- 21:
- First Cylinder
- 22:
- Second Cylinder
- 21A, 22A:
- Resin Melt Composition
- 21B, 22B:
- Gear Pump
- 23:
- Discharge Part
- 23A:
- Outer Ring Outlet
- 23B:
- Inner Circle Outlet
- 23C:
- Outlet
- 24:
- Quenching Bath
- 25:
- First Stretching Roll
- 26:
- First Dry Stretching Bath
- 27:
- Second Stretching Roll
- 28:
- Second Dry Stretching Bath
- 29:
- Third Stretching Roll
- 30:
- Third Dry Stretching Bath
- 31:
- Oiling Device
- 32:
- Fourth Stretching Roll
- 33:
- Blast Machine
- 34:
- Rollup Machine
- 40:
- Wig Using Artificial Hair
- 41:
- Wig Base
Best Modes for Carrying out the Invention
[0022] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in details with reference to
the embodiments illustrated in the figures.
[0023] Explanation is first made of an artificial hair in accordance with the first embodiment
of the invention.
[0024] Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the structure of an artificial hair in accordance
with a first embodiment of the invention, and (A) is a diagonal view, and (B) is a
vertical cross sectional view in the length direction of artificial hair. As is illustrated,
the artificial hair 1 of the present invention has a sheath/core structure wherein
its surface is a sheath portion 1A, and a core portion 1B is inside the sheath portion
1A. In this case of illustration here, the sheath/core structure is illustrated with
an example of nearly concentric circular arrangement, but it also includes the cases
where both core 1B and sheath 1A have different shapes other than nearly concentric
circles, for example, the core is eccentric with regard to the sheath, not being perfectly
concentric circles. It may also be such a sheath/core shape as that the core is nearly
a perfect circle while the sheath has varied thickness. Also, the cross sectional
shape of artificial hair 1 may be circular, elliptic, or cocoon-shaped.
[0026] As the polyamide resins for the material of said sheath portion 1A, polyamide resins
of lower rigidity for bending than the core 1B may be used, and a linear saturated
aliphatic polyamide, for example, can be properly used. As said linear saturated aliphatic
polyamide, such may be mentioned as the polymer consisting of a ring-opening polymer
of caprolactam, Nylon 6 for example, expressed in Chemical Formula 3, or the polymer
consisting of an alternating copolymer of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, Nylon
66 for example, expressed in Chemical Formula 4.
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=2012/22/DOC/EPNWB1/EP06712790NWB1/imgb0005)
[0027] The artificial hair of the present invention 1 has gloss, if the surface of the sheath
1A is smooth. In order to erase this unnatural gloss on the surface of artificial
hair 1, so-called deglossing may be applied.
[0028] Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view in the length direction diagrammatically illustrating
the structure of a modified example of artificial hair of the present invention. As
is illustrated, on the surface of the sheath portion 1A of artificial hair 10, a fine
concave and convex portion 1C is formed. In the case that such a fine concave and
convex portion 1C is formed, diffuse reflection occurs upon light irradiation to artificial
hair 10. Therefore, the gloss no longer occurs due to the reflection from light irradiation
on the surface of artificial hair, bringing about so-called deglossing effect.
[0029] Here, the fine concave and convex portion 1C can be given by blast processing with
fine powder such as sand, ice, dry-ice, and others either during spinning of the artificial
hair 1 or on to the fiber after spinning. In the case during spinning of the artificial
hair 1, it may be by spherocrystal forming on the outermost surface of artificial
hair 1. In this case, it may be the combined processes of spherocrystal forming and
blast processing with fine powder such as said sand, ice, dry-ice, and others. The
concave and convex portion formed by combination of such spherocrystal formation and
blast processing may be formed to be the concave and convex portion 1C larger than
the order of visible light wavelength so the light is diffuse reflected.
[0030] The artificial hair 1, 10 of the present invention can be dyed depending upon the
wearer's preference. Said dying may be by formulating pigment and/or dye during polymer
kneading as the material for spinning, or by dying artificial hair after spinning.
[0031] According to the artificial hair 1, 10 of the present invention, by making a sheath/core
structure with the polyamide of high rigidity for bending used for the core 1B, and
with the polyamide of the rigidity for bending lower than the core 1B used for the
sheath 1A, artificial hair can be obtained the rigidity for bending of which is changed
by temperature and humidity, and which shows behavior closer to the human hair than
the conventional artificial hair. Also, with the artificial hair 10 having the fine
concave and convex portion 1C on the surface of the sheath portion 1A, the deglossing
effect is attained, and its properties and feeling are more approximated to those
of artificial hair.
[0032] Explanation is next made of a method of manufacturing artificial hair in accordance
with the present invention.
[0033] Fig. 3 is a diagrammatical drawing of a spinning machine used for manufacturing the
artificial hair of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatical cross sectional
view illustrating a discharge part used for a spinning machine. As shown in Fig. 3,
a spinning machine 20 comprises a first cylinder 21 of a polyamide resin for the sheath
portion 1A, a second cylinder 22 of a polyamide resin for the core portion 1B, a discharge
part 23 to discharge the melts 21A, 22A supplied from said cylinders 21, 22, a quenching
bath 24 to solidify the melt thread discharged from an outlet 23C of the discharge
part 23 and to form a concave and convex portion on the surface, and thereafter via
three steps stretching thermal treatment processing parts with each step comprising
stretching rolls 25, 27, and 29, and dry stretching baths 26, 28, and 30, a blast
machine 33 for forming further the concave and convex portion 1C on the thread surface,
and a rollup machine 34 to roll up the artificial hair deglossed to the desired extent
with the blast machine 33.
[0034] The cylinders 21, 22 are provided with a heating device to melt polyamide resin pellets,
screws for supplying to a kneader and the discharge part 23, and gear pumps 21B, 22B
to supply the melts 21A, 22A to the discharge part 23.
[0035] The fiber from the outlet 23C of the discharge part 23 goes, as shown in the figure,
via a quenching bath, and stretching and dry stretching mechanisms, through an oiling
device 31 for electrostatic prevention, a stretching roll 32 to relax the tension
applied on the artificial hair to stabilize dimension, a blast machine 33 for surface
processing, and to a rollup machine 34.
[0036] As shown in Fig. 4, the discharge part 23 is provided with a concentric circular
double outlet from the inner circle part 23B of which is discharged semi-aromatic
polyamide resin melt 22A, and from the outer ring part 23A surrounding said inner
circle part 23B is discharged linear saturated aliphatic polyamide resin melt 21A,
respectively.
[0037] Explanation is next made of a method of manufacturing the artificial hair with said
spinning machine 20.
[0038] Using said spinning machine 20, artificial hair 1, 10 can be manufactured by melting
each polyamide at appropriate temperature in cylinders 21, 22, feeding the melts to
the discharge part 23, and by discharging semi-aromatic polyamide resin melt 22A form
the inner circle part 23B of the outlet and linear saturated aliphatic polyamide resin
melt 21A from the outer ring part 23A to make the thread of sheath/core structure.
[0039] In this case, the ratio of the volume of the linear saturated aliphatic polyamide
resin melt 21A fed for a certain time with the gear pump 21B and the volume of semi-aromatic
polyamide resin melt 22A fed with the gear pump 22B is defined as sheath/core volume
ratio in the present invention. As described below, in order to approximate the rigidity
for bending of the artificial hair 10 to that of the natural hair, the weight ratio
of sheath and core, the sheath/core weight ratio, is preferably in the range of 10/90
- 35/65. As the manufacturing condition to obtain said weight ratio of sheath and
core, the sheath/core volume ratio is preferably 1/2 - 1/7, and this range is preferred
for such properties as rigidity for bending of artificial hair 1, 10 as mentioned
below. If said sheath/core volume ratio is higher than 1/2, that is, the ratio of
the sheath portion 1A is large, the core portion 1B of artificial hair 1, 10 has small
effect to contribute the increase of rigidity for bending. On the other hand, if said
sheath/core volume ratio is lower than 1/7, that is, the ratio of the core portion
1B is large, it is not preferred, for the rigidity for bending becomes too high to
be close to the natural hair.
[0040] The stretching ratio may be 5 - 6 times upon spinning of the artificial hair 1, 10.
Said stretching ratio is about twice as high as that for the conventional artificial
hair of nylon 6 only. For the artificial hair 1, 10 of the present invention, such
as stretching ratio upon spinning, thread diameter, and rigidity for bending can be
properly determined in accordance with the desired design. In this case, the shape
of sheath/core of artificial hair 1, 10 can be made nearly concentric circular by
properly controlling spinning conditions.
[0041] In the spinning for the artificial hair in accordance with the present invention,
the artificial hair 10 can be manufactured by forming spherocrystal for the concave
and convex portion 1C on the surface of linear saturated aliphatic polyamide resin
as the sheath portion 1A by passing the thread drawn form the outlet 23C through the
water at 80°C or higher in the quenching bath 24, thereby giving appearance similar
to the natural hair to the thread, and deglossing to erase an unnatural gloss.
[0042] As methods to form the fine concave and convex portion 1C on the thread surface,
any one of the methods of blasting with such fine particles as sand, ice, and dry-ice
to the thread surface after spinning, or of chemical treatment of the thread surface,
or proper combination of them may be adopted, in addition to the above-mentioned spherocrystal
formation and growth.
[0043] In order to give the proper color and appearance as the artificial hair 1, 10, the
pigment and/or dye may be formulated during spinning, or the artificial hair 1, 10
itself may be dyed after spinning.
[0044] As described above, since the artificial hair 1, 10 of the present invention has
the sheath/core structure with polyamide resins of different rigidities for bending,
the artificial hair 1, 10 of the rigidity for bending higher than that of the conventional
artificial hair of linear saturated aliphatic polyamide resin only can be manufactured
with good reproducibility. Also, by forming the fine concave and convex portion 1C
on the surface of the artificial hair 1, the natural gloss similar to the natural
hair can be given, thereby so can the natural appearance as hair.
[0045] Explanation is next made of a wig using the artificial hair in accordance with a
second embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] Fig. 5 is a diagonal view diagrammatically illustrating the structure of a wig using
the artificial hair in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention. A wig
40 using the artificial hair 1, 10 of the present invention is that made by tying
the artificial hair 1 or 10 to a wig base 41. The wig base 41 can be made of either
a net base or an artificial skin base. In the case of the figure, the wig base 41
is shown to be attached or tied to a mesh of a net member. The wig base 41 may be
made by combination of a net base and an artificial skin base, and there is no special
restriction so far as suitable to wig design or purpose of use.
[0047] The diameter of the artificial hair 1, 10 may be about 0.05 - 0.1 mm. Also, the artificial
hair 10 can be properly used of which the relative-specular glossiness is suppressed,
and which has gloss similar to natural hair. The color of the artificial hair 1, 10
may be properly chosen according to the wearer's desire such as black, brown, and
blond. Natural appearance is increased if the artificial hair is chosen of the color
fitting to the wearer's own hair around the part falling out hair. In case of a wig
or attached hair for fashion, the artificial hair of the present invention may be
made mesh-like by giving a color different from the wearer's own hair, or from a root
portion to an end portion, gradation may be given such as, for example, dark and light
tint or color is gradually changed.
[0048] Fig. 6 is an enlarged view diagrammatically illustrating the behavior of the wig
of Fig. 5 with respect to humidity change, and (A) shows an ordinary humidity state,
and (B) shows a high humidity state. In the figure, the case is shown where artificial
hair is straight.
[0049] As shown in Fig. 6(A), the artificial hair 1, 10 attached or tied to the wig 40 of
the present invention has rigidity for bending close to that of the natural hair.
Therefore, under the ordinary environment where the humidity is about 40 - 60 %, the
artificial hair 1, 10 has good standing, and gives bulkiness to the wig 40.
[0050] On the other hand, when the wig 40 of the present invention gets wet in the rain,
or is worn in the environment of high humidity, the artificial hair becomes soft,
and, as shown in Fig. 6(B), hangs and loses bulkiness, due to the property of changing
rigidity for bending by moisture absorption of the artificial hair attached or tied
to the wig, that is, rigidity for bending is lowered with humidity increase. Further,
when the absorbed water is released by natural standing or drying, the artificial
hair 1, 10 gradually stands up, and returns to the original state.
[0051] Also, if a curl is given to the artificial hair 1, 10, the curl extends like the
natural hair, and, as in the case of straight hair, it returns to the original state
when the absorbed water is released naturally or by drying.
[0052] With the wig 40 of the present invention, since the polyamide of high rigidity for
bending is used for the core portion 1B, and a polyamide of the rigidity for bending
lower than the core portion 1B for the sheath portion 1A to make the artificial hair
1, 10 of a sheath/core structure, and it is attached or tied to a wig base, the rigidity
for bending is changed by temperature and humidity, and the wig with good appearance
can be obtained which has feeling or behavior closer to natural hair. Further if the
fine concave and convex portion 1C is formed on its surface as the artificial hair,
it gives appearance closer to natural hair by deglossing effect.
[0053] Also if the wig 40 of the present invention gets wet in the rain, or gets moisture
with the wearer's sweat, the artificial hair 1, 10 uses the polyamide resin of good
water absorption, thereby absorbs water, hangs down due to its weight increase, and
shows the behavior similar to natural hair. On the other hand, in the case of a wig
using conventional artificial hair, for example, of polyester, since the rigidity
for bending is higher than natural hair, the wearer's own hair hangs down to a scalp
side, whereas the artificial hair of polyester remains standing upon water absorption
when the wig is worn, and the blended wearer's own hair and the artificial hair of
the wig are combed, thereby separation of the wearer's own hair and the wig hair of
polyester is caused, and unnatural appearance is given. However, in accordance with
the present invention, since the wig hair hangs down practically as does the wearer's
own hair upon water absorption, no hair separation is caused, thereby the state can
be maintained where the wearer's own hair and artificial hair are well blended.
Examples
[Example 1]
[0054] Explanation is next made in detail of examples of the present invention.
[0055] Using the spinning machine 20 shown in Fig. 3, the artificial hair 10 of Example
1 was manufactured. As a polyamide resin for the core portion 1B, nylon 6T (TOYOBO,
LTD.) was used, and as a polyamide resin for the sheath portion 1A, nylon 6 (TOYOBO,
LTD.) was used. For the quenching bath 24, hot water of 80 °C was used. By setting
the sheath/core volume ratio as 1/7, and the outlet temperature at 310°C, the artificial
hair 10 was manufactured. The sheath/core weight ratio was 12/88 for the artificial
hair 10 of Example 1.
[0056] As a coloring agent, resin chips were used which were made by blending a polyamide
resin used either for said sheath 1A or for core 1B and a pigment in pre-determined
ratio, heating and melting, and cooling after kneading. These resin chips used as
a coloring agent were defined as the master batch. As the master batch used in Example,
the resin chips containing 3 weight % black inorganic pigment, the resin chips containing
3 weight % yellow organic pigment, and the resin chips containing 4 weight % red organic
pigment were used.
[0057] As the concrete details, nylon 6 chips as the material for the sheath 1A 84 g, a
black master batch 5 g, yellow 10 g, red 1 g, total 100 g of melt resin 21A was first
fed into the first cylinder 21 and nylon 6T chips as the material for the core 1B
84 g, a black master batch 5 g, yellow 10 g, red 1 g, total 100 g of melt resin 22A
was fed into the second cylinder 22.
[0058] Nylon 6T was fed with the gear pump 22B to the inner outlet 23B of the discharge
part 23, and nylon 6 was fed with the gear pump 21B to the outer outlet 23A, respectively,
and extrusion volume ratio was made 1/7 as sheath/core ratio by adjusting rotations
of gear pumps 21B and 22B. The spinning machine was that spun 15 strands of fibers
through the outlet of 15 holes.
[0059] The fiber of the sheath/core structure coming out of the outlet 23C was passed through
the quenching bath 24 of 1.5 m length and was filled with 80°C warm water to form
spherocrystal on the surface.
[0060] Thereafter, it was drawn by passing through the first stretching roll 25 and the
first dry stretching bath 26 at 180°C, and did heat-set by passing through the second
stretching roll 27 and the second dry stretching bath 28 at 180°C, then annealed for
thread diameter size stabilization by passing through the third stretching roll 29
and the third dry stretching bath 30 at 185°C, and was passed through the oiling device
31 for electrostatic prevention.
[0061] As a final step, the fiber surface was made coarse by blasting fine alumina powder
onto the surface through the fourth stretching roll 32 and the blast machine 33, and
rolled up to the rollup machine 34. The speeds of the first to the fourth stretching
rolls 25, 27, 29, 32 were adjusted so to make stretching ratio 5.5, and rollup rate
150 m/min in this process.
[0062] All the diameters of thus manufactured artificial hairs 10 were 40 - 80 µm. The stretching
ratio was 5.5 in Example 1, but, as shown in Example 3 described later, the rigidity
for bending of artificial hair 10 could be adjusted by stretching ratio.
[Example 2]
[0063] The artificial hair 10 of the sheath/core structure was manufactured by the same
condition as Example 1, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/5 by adjusting
respective gear pumps 21B and 22B. The sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial
hair 10 of Example 2 was 16.1/83.9.
[Example 3]
[0064] The artificial hair 10 of the sheath/core structure was manufactured by the same
condition as Example 1, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/3 by adjusting
respective gear pumps 21B and 22B. The sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial
hair 10 of Example 3 was 24.2/75.8, and its diameter was 80 µm.
[0065] Fig. 7 is a graph showing the stretching ratio dependency of rigidity for bending
of the artificial hair 10 of Example 3. In the figure, an abscissa axis shows a stretching
ratio, and an ordinate axis shows rigidity for bending: 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand. The measurement condition was temperature 22°C and humidity 40 %. As is obvious
from Fig. 7, the rigidities for bending for stretching ratios 3 and 5.5 were 430 X
10
-5 gfcm
2/strand and 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, showing that rigidity for bending increased linearly with the increase of
stretching ratio.
[Example 4]
[0066] The artificial hair 10 of the sheath/core structure was manufactured by the same
condition as Example 1, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/2 by adjusting
respective gear pumps 21B and 22B. The sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial
hair 10 of Example 4 was 32.3/67.7.
[Example 5]
[0067] The artificial hair 10 of Example 5 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
1, except that nylon 66 (MITSUBISHI ENGINEERING PLASTICS, LTD.) was used as a polyamide
resin for the sheath 1A, and temperature was 92°C for the quenching bath 24, and 320°C
for the outlet. The sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial hair 10 of Example
5 was 16.2/83.8.
[0068] The manufacturing conditions of artificial hair of the above-described Examples 1
- 5 are shown in Table 1, where all the diameters of artificial hairs 10 were 40 -
80 µm.
[Table 1]
Example |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Resin |
Core |
Nylon 6T |
Nylon 6T |
Nylon 6T |
Nylon 6T |
Nylon 6T |
Sheath |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 66 |
Sheath/Core Volume Ratio |
1/7 |
1/5 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
1/5 |
Outlet Temp. (°C) |
310 |
310 |
310 |
310 |
320 |
Pigment Ratio |
Black |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.30% |
Yellow |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
Red |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
Cooling Water Temp. (°C) |
80 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
92 |
Sheath/Core Weight Ratio of Artificial Hair |
12:88 |
16.1:83.9 |
24.2:75.8 |
32.3:67.7 |
16.2:83.8 |
[Example 6]
[0069] The artificial hair 10 of Example 6 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
1, except that nylon MXD6 (MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.) was used as a polyamide
resin for the core 1B, nylon 6 (MITSUBISHI ENGINEERING PLASTICS, LTD.) was used as
a polyamide resin for the sheath 1A, the temperature for the outlet was 270°C, and
the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/7. The sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial
hair 10 of Example 6 was 11.8/88.2. For the artificial hair 10 of Example 6, nylon
MXD6 was used instead of nylon 6T used for the core 1B of Examples 1 - 5. Here, it
was drawn using a hot water stretching bath of 95°C instead of a first dry stretching
bath 26 of Example 1, and did heat-set in the second dry stretching bath 28 of 150°C,
annealed for thread diameter size stabilization by passing through the third stretching
roll 29 and the third dry stretching bath 30 at 185°C, and was passed through the
oiling device 31 for electrostatic prevention. The final step to make the fiber surface
of artificial hair coarse was conducted as in Example 1. The speeds of the first to
the fourth stretching rolls 25, 27, 29, 32 were adjusted so to make stretching ratio
5.6, and rollup rate 150 m/min in this process. All the diameters of thus manufactured
artificial hairs 10 were in the range between 40 and 80 µm.
[Example 7]
[0070] The artificial hair 10 of Example 7 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
6, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/5. The sheath/core weight ratio
of the artificial hair 10 of Example 7 was 15.8/84.2.
[Example 8]
[0071] The artificial hair 10 of Example 8 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
6, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/4. The sheath/core weight ratio
of the artificial hair 10 of Example 8 was 18.9/81.1.
[Example 9]
[0072] The artificial hair 10 of Example 9 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
6, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/3. The sheath/core weight ratio
of the artificial hair 10 of Example 9 was 23.8/76.2.
[Example 10]
[0073] The artificial hair 10 of Example 10 was manufactured by the same condition as Example
6, except that the sheath/core volume ratio was made 1/2. The sheath/core weight ratio
of the artificial hair 10 of Example 10 was 31.8/68.2. The manufacturing conditions
of the above-described Examples 6 - 10 are shown in Table 2, where all the diameters
of the artificial hairs 10 were in the range between 40 and 80 µm.
[Table 2]
Example |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Resin |
Core |
Nylon MXD6 |
Nylon MXD6 |
Nylon MXD6 |
Nylon MXD6 |
Nylon MXD6 |
Sheath |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6 |
Sheath/Core Volume Ratio |
1/7 |
1/5 |
1/4 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
Outlet Temp. (°C) |
270 |
270 |
270 |
270 |
270 |
Pigment Ratio |
Black |
0.18% |
0.18% |
0.18% |
0.18% |
0.18% |
Yellow |
0.45% |
0.45% |
0.45% |
0.45% |
0.45% |
Red |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
Cooling Water Temp. (°C) |
80 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
Sheath/Core Weight Ratio of Artificial Hair |
11.8:88.2 |
15.8:84.2 |
18.9:81.1 |
23.8:76.2 |
31.8:68.2 |
[0074] Explanation is next made of artificial hairs of Comparative Examples.
(Comparative Example 1)
[0075] The thread of diameter 80 µm and stretching ratio 3.3 without sheath structure was
manufactured with nylon 6, using the same spinning machine as Example 1, at the outlet
temperature 270°C, and without using the first cylinder 21.
(Comparative Example 2)
[0076] The thread of diameter 80 µm and stretching ratio 5.5 without sheath structure was
manufactured with nylon 6T, using the same spinning machine as Example 1, at the outlet
temperature 310°C, and without using the first cylinder 21.
(Comparative Example 3)
[0077] The thread of a sheath/core volume ratio 1/1, thread diameter 80 µm and ratio 5.5
was manufactured with polyester (TORAY, LTD.) for the core portion 1B, and nylon 6
for the sheath portion 1A, using the same spinning machine as Example 1, at the outlet
temperature 290°C.
(Comparative Example 4)
[0078] The thread of diameter 80 µm and stretching ratio 5.6 without sheath structure was
manufactured with nylon MXD6 by the same condition and method as Example 6, using
the same spinning machine as Example 1, at the outlet temperature 270°C, and without
using a first cylinder 21.
(Comparative Example 5)
[0079] The thread of diameter 80 µm and stretching ratio 5.6 without sheath structure was
manufactured with the mixed polyamides of nylon MXD6 and nylon 6 by the same condition
and method as Example 6, using the same spinning machine as Example 1 at the outlet
temperature 270°C, and without using the first cylinder 21. The weight ratio of nylon
MXD6 and Nylon 6 was 90:10. The pigment formulation ratio was same in all Comparative
Examples 1 - 5, and that of black, yellow, and red was 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.04%, respectively.
The manufacturing conditions are shown in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Comparative Example |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Resin |
Core |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6T |
Polyester |
Nylon MXD6 |
Mixed Polyamide |
Sheath |
----- |
----- |
Nylon 6 |
----- |
----- |
Sheath/Core Volume Ratio |
----- |
----- |
1/1 |
----- |
----- |
Outlet Temp. (°C) |
270 |
310 |
290 |
270 |
270 |
Pigment Ratio |
Black |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.15% |
0.15% |
Yellow |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
0.30% |
Red |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
0.04% |
Cooling Water Temp. (°C) |
80 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
[0080] Explanation is next made of the reason why nylon 6T or MXD6 is used for the core
1B of the artificial hair 10, and nylon 6 for the sheath 1A in Example 1.
[0081] Table 4 shows the humidity dependency of rigidity for bending, which hereinafter
may call "bending rigidity", at 22°C of the artificial hairs manufactured by using
a single polyamide of nylon 6 in Comparative Example 1, nylon 6T in Comparative Example
2, and nylon MXD6 in Comparative Example 4. The rigidity for bending was measured
using a single hair bending tester (KATOTECH, LTD.) as will be described below.
[0082] As is seen in Table 4, the rigidities for bending of artificial hair of nylon 6 in
Comparative Example 1 were 510 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, 340 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, and 250 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, respectively, at humidity 40, 60, and 80 %. Though not shown in the table,
the rigidity for bending and its humidity dependency of artificial hair using nylon
66 were about the same as those of nylon 6.
[0083] The rigidities for bending of artificial hair of nylon 6T in Comparative Example
2 were 980 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, 920 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, and 860 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, respectively, at humidity 40, 60, and 80 %.
[0084] The rigidities for bending of the artificial hair of nylon MXD6 in Comparative Example
4 were 940 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, 870 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, and 780 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, respectively, at humidity 40, 60, and 80 %. It is seen from these results
that the artificial hairs using nylon 6T and nylon MXD6 showed higher rigidity for
bending than those using nylon 6 or nylon 66.
[0085] Therefore, it became clear that the artificial hairs of Examples 1 - 10 has the core
portion 1B made of a polyamide resin consisting of nylon 6T or nylon MXD6 of high
rigidity for bending, and the sheath portion 1A made of a polyamide resin consisting
of nylon 6 or nylon 66 of lower rigidity for bending than the core portion 1B.
[Table 4]
Comparative Example |
1 |
2 |
4 |
Resin |
Nylon 6 |
Nylon 6T |
Nylon MXD6 |
Rigidity for bending at 22°C at Each Humidity (X 10-5 gfcm2) |
40 % |
510 |
980 |
940 |
60 % |
340 |
920 |
870 |
80 % |
250 |
860 |
780 |
[0086] Explanation is next made of various properties of the artificial hairs manufactured
in the above-mentioned Examples 1 - 10 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5.
[0087] Fig. 8 is an image of the cross section of artificial hair of Example 2 by an electron
microscope. The electron accelerating voltage was 15 kV, and magnification was 800.
The sheath/core volume ratio of this artificial hair 10 was 1/5, its diameter 80 µm,
and the stretching ratio was 5.5. As is obvious from the figure, the sheath/core structure
was formed with the semi-aromatic polyamide (nylon 6T) as the core portion 1B and
the linear saturated aliphatic polyamide (nylon 6) as the sheath portion 1A around
it.
[0088] Fig. 9 is an image of the surface of artificial hair of Example 2 by an electron
microscope. The electron accelerating voltage was 15 kV, and magnification was 700.
As is obvious from the figure, spherocrystals were formed and grew on the linear saturated
aliphatic polyamide, nylon 6, of the surface to give fine concave and convex portion
1C to the surface.
[0089] Fig. 10 is an image of the cross section of artificial hair of Example 3 by an electron
microscope. The electron accelerating voltage was 15 kV, and magnification was 900.
The sheath/core volume ratio of this artificial hair 10 was 1/3, its diameter 80 µm,
and stretching ratio 5.5. As is seen from the figure, the sheath/core structure was
formed with the semi-aromatic polyamide, nylon 6T, as the core portion 1B and the
linear saturated aliphatic polyamide, nylon 6, as the sheath portion 1A around it.
[0090] Fig. 11 is a cross sectional image of artificial hair having the sheath/core structure
of Comparative Example 3 by an electron microscope. The electron accelerating voltage
was 15 kV, and magnification was 300.
[0091] The artificial hair of Comparative Example 3 had the sheath/core structure consisting
of the core portion 1B of polyester and the sheath portion 1A of linear saturated
aliphatic polyamide, nylon 6. The sheath/core volume ratio was 1/1, the thread diameter
80 µm, and stretching ratio 5.5. As is seen from the figure, peeling off was detected
at the interface of the core 1B and a sheath 1A, the fiber was white-brownish, and
the dyed color was changed, so that it turned out that such a sheath/core structure
is not suitable to the artificial hair.
[0092] Explanation is next made of the measurement results of rigidities for bending of
the artificial hairs of Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0093] The rigidity for bending is the physical property applied in general to fiber and
others, and is recognized recently, also for hair, as the property relating to such
feeling as appearance, tactile and texture etc. As the measurement of the rigidity
for bending of fiber, KAWABATA method and its principle has been well known for textile,
and the rigidity for bending of the artificial hair was measured using the single
hair-bending tester (KATOTECH, LTD., Model KES-FB2-SH), which applies the method.
The measurement methods in cases of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present
invention for both artificial and natural hairs are such that bending the whole hair
of each one strand of 1cm as a circular arc at an equal rate to a certain curvature,
detecting a minute bending moment accompanying it, thereby measuring the relationship
of the bending moment and the curvature. Thus the rigidity for bending was obtained
by bending moment / curvature change. The representative measurement conditions are
shown below.
(Measurement Conditions)
[0094]
Distance between Chucks: 1 cm
Torque Detector: Detection of Torque of Tortion Wire (Steel Wire)
Torque Sensitivity: 1.0 gf·cm (at Full Scale 10V)
Curvature: ± 2.5 cm-1
Rate of Bend Deviation: 0.5 cm -1/sec
Measurement Cycle: 1 Round Trip.
Here, a chuck is a mechanism for clipping said each hair of 1 cm.
[0095] Fig. 12 is a graph showing the humidity dependency of rigidity for bending of the
artificial hairs of Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In the figure,
the abscissa axis shows humidity (%), and the ordinate axis shows rigidity for bending
(10
-5 gfcm
2/strand). The measurement temperature was 22°C. In Fig. 12, the humidity dependency
of rigidity for bending of the artificial hair of Examples and Comparative Examples
is shown together with that of natural hair. Since natural hairs have wide personal
deviation, hairs were collected from 25 males and 38 females of respective ages between
20 and 50 years old, rigidities for bending of the samples of 80 µm diameter were
measured, and their average was defined as a standard value. Their maximum and minimum
values were also shown in the figure. It is seen that the average value of the rigidity
for bending of natural hair was 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand and 510 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 and 80 %, respectively, and decreases monotonously with humidity
increase.
[0096] On the other hand, the maximum value of rigidity for bending of natural hair was
740 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand and 600 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 and 80 %, respectively, and its minimum value was 660 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand and 420 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 and 80 % respectively, and thus the rigidity for bending of
natural hair has wide deviation.
[0097] The artificial hair 10 of Example 1 had a thread diameter of 80 µm, and the sheath/core
volume ratio of 1/7. Its rigidity for bending was 740 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, equal to the maximum value of natural hair, and it gradually
decreases with humidity increase, lowering to about 700 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %, and to about 650 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0098] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 1, it showed higher
rigidity for bending than natural hair, but, compared with the artificial hair of
nylon 6 of Comparative Example 1 and the artificial hair of nylon 6T of Comparative
Example 2 mentioned below, it showed the rigidity for bending and humidity dependency
similar to natural hair.
[0099] The artificial hair 10 of Example 2 had a thread diameter of 80 µm, and the sheath/core
volume ratio of 1/5. Its rigidity for bending was 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, equal to that of natural hair, and it gradually decreases
to about 650 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand till humidity 45 %. Then it stayed constant at about 650 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity between 45 and 60 %. In the range of humidity 60 - 80 %, rigidity
for bending gradually decreased to about 600 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0100] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 2, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was equal to that of natural hair for humidity 40 %,
and decreased with humidity increase, thus showing rigidity for bending and humidity
dependency similar to natural hair.
[0101] The difference of artificial hair 10 of Example 3 from Example 1 is that its sheath/core
volume ratio was 1/3. Its rigidity for bending was 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, equal to natural hair, decreased in the humidity range
40 - 60 % to about 520 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. In the humidity range 60 - 80 %, it gradually decreased
to about 480 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0102] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 3, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was equal to that of natural hair for humidity 40 %,
and decreased with humidity increase, thus showing the rigidity for bending quite
close to that of natural hair for humidity 80 %.
[0103] The difference of artificial hair 10 of Example 4 from Example 1 was that its sheath/core
volume ratio was 1/2. Its rigidity for bending was 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, equal to natural hair, decreased in the humidity range
40 - 60 % to about 510 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. In the humidity range 60 - 80 %, it gradually decreased
to about 390 X 10 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0104] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 4, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was equal to that of natural hair for humidity 40 %,
and decreased with humidity increase, thus showing the rigidity for bending close
to the minimum value of natural hair for humidity 80 %.
[0105] The reason why rigidity for bending of artificial hair 10 of Examples 2 - 4 was lower
than that of Example 1 for humidity 40 % or higher was that the volume of a sheath
portion 1A was higher than that of Example 1, in another word, the core portion 1B
had lower volume. Therefore, for the artificial hair of the present invention, the
humidity dependency of rigidity for bending can be changed by changing the sheath/core
volume ratio. Thereby, in the case of artificial hair 10 of Examples 2 - 4, the rigidity
for bending was equal to that of natural hair for humidity 40 %, decreased with humidity
increase, and showed humidity dependency similar to natural hair.
[0106] The difference of artificial hair 10 of Example 5 from Example 1 is that its sheath
portion was made of nylon 66, and all others were the same. In Example 5, rigidity
for bending was 780 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, higher than natural hair, and decreases about linearly
in humidity range 40 - 50 % to about 650 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 50 %. In humidity range 50 - 80 %, it decreased to about 600
X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand with the slope about equal to Example 1.
[0107] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 5, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was higher than that of the natural hair for humidity
40 %, and decreased with humidity increase. In the case of the artificial hair 10
of Example 5, the rigidity for bending was higher than Examples 1 - 4 in humidity
range 40 - 50 %.
[0108] Thereby, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 5 also, the rigidity for
bending was close to that of the natural hair, decreased with humidity increase, and
showed the rigidity for bending and its humidity dependency similar to the natural
hair.
[0109] The artificial hair of Comparative Example 1 was made of nylon 6, its thread diameter
was 80 µm, and stretching ratio was 3.3. In the case of this artificial hair, the
rigidity for bending was about 510 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, which was about 70 % of natural hair. It decreased about
monotonously with humidity increase to about 250 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %. This value was about 50 % of natural hair. It turned out
that the rigidity for bending of Comparative Example 1 was considerably lower than
natural hair or artificial hair of Examples 1 - 5 over the whole measured humidity
range.
[0110] The artificial hair of Comparative Example 2 was made of nylon 6T, its thread diameter
was 80 µm, and stretching ratio was 5.5. In the case of this artificial hair, rigidity
for bending was about 980 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about 136 % of natural hair. It decreased about monotonously
with humidity increase to about 860 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %. This value was about 170 % of natural hair. It turned out
that rigidity for bending of Comparative Example 2 was considerably higher than the
natural hair or the artificial hair of Examples 1 - 5 over the whole measured humidity
range.
[0111] In the case of Comparative Example 3, the peeling off was caused between the sheath
1A and the core 1B, as mentioned above, and since it could not be used as the artificial
hair, its rigidity for bending was not measured.
[0112] Explanation is next made of humidity dependency of the rigidity for bending of artificial
hairs of Examples 6 - 10. Fig. 13 is a graph showing the humidity dependency of the
rigidity for bending of the artificial hairs of Examples 6 - 10 and Comparative Examples
1, 4, and 5. In the figure, the abscissa axis shows humidity (%), and the ordinate
axis shows rigidity for bending (10
-5 gfcm
2/strand). The measurement temperature was 22°C. In Fig. 13, as in Fig. 12, rigidities
for bending of the natural hair were shown as average, maximum, and minimum values.
The difference of the artificial hair 10 of Example 6 from Example 1 was that its
core portion 1B was made of nylon MXD6, its thread diameter was 80 µm, and the sheath/core
volume ratio was 1/7.
[0113] As is seen from Fig. 13, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 6, the
rigidity for bending was 730 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about equal to the average value of natural hair, and gradually
decreased with humidity increase. It lowered to about 660 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %, and about 600 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0114] From this result, in the case of artificial hair 10 of Example 6, it turned out that
the rigidity for bending was about equal to that of the natural hair for humidity
40 %, decreased with humidity increase, and shows the behavior similar to natural
hair. That was, the artificial hair 10 of Example 6 showed the rigidity for bending
and its humidity dependency similar to the natural hair.
[0115] The difference of artificial hair 10 of Example 7 from Example 6 was that its sheath/core
volume ratio was 1/5, and all others were the same.
[0116] As is seen from Fig. 13, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 7, the
rigidity for bending was 730 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about equal to the average value of natural hair, and decreased
as humidity increased to around 50 % to 620 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand. Then it gradually lowered till humidity 60 % to about 610 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. It further gradually decreased in humidity range 60 - 80
% to 560 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0117] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 7, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was about equal to that of natural hair for humidity
40 %, decreased with humidity increase, and shows the behavior similar to the natural
hair. That was, the artificial hair 10 of Example 7 showed the rigidity for bending
and its humidity dependency similar to the natural hair.
[0118] The difference of the artificial hair 10 of Example 8 from Example 6 was that its
sheath/core volume ratio was 1/4, and all others were the same.
[0119] As is seen from Fig. 13, in the case of artificial hair 10 of Example 8, the rigidity
for bending was 730 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about equal to the average value of the natural hair, and
decreased as humidity increased in humidity range 40 - 60 %, and 560 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. Then it gradually lowered in humidity range 60 - 80 % to
490 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0120] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 8, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was about equal to that of the natural hair for humidity
40 %, decreased with humidity increase, and shows the behavior similar to the natural
hair.
[0121] The difference of the artificial hair 10 of Example 9 from Example 6 was that its
sheath/core volume ratio was 1/3, and all others were the same.
[0122] As is seen from Fig. 13, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 9, the
rigidity for bending was 730 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about equal to the average value of natural hair, and decreased
as the humidity increased in humidity range 40 - 60 % to 530 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. Then it gradually lowered in humidity range 60 - 80 % to
440 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %.
[0123] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 9, it turned out
that the rigidity for bending was about equal to that of the natural hair for humidity
40 %, decreased with humidity increase, and showed the behavior similar to the natural
hair.
[0124] The difference of the artificial hair 10 of Example 10 from Example 6 was that its
sheath/core volume ratio was 1/2, and all others were the same.
[0125] As is seen from Fig. 13, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 10, rigidity
for bending was 730 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, about equal to the average value of the natural hair, and
decreased as the humidity increased in humidity range 40 - 60 % to 490 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. Then it gradually lowered in humidity range 60 - 80 % to
380 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand.
[0126] From this result, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Example 10, it turned
out that rigidity for bending was about equal to that of the natural hair for humidity
40 %, and decreased with humidity increase. When the humidity exceeded about 60 %,
the rigidity for bending of artificial hair 10 was lower than that of the natural
hair, but, compared with the artificial hair of nylon 6 of said Comparative Example
1, or that of nylon MXD6 of Comparative Example 4 mentioned below, it shows the behavior
similar to the natural hair.
[0127] The artificial hair of Comparative Example 4 was made of nylon MXD6, its thread diameter
was 80 µm, its rigidity for bending was 940 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, and decreased in humidity range 40 - 60 % to 870 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. It further gradually decreased till humidity range 60 -
80 % to 780 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %. It turned out that the rigidity for bending of Comparative
Example 4 was considerably higher than the natural hair or the artificial hairs of
Examples 6 - 10 over the whole measured humidity range.
[0128] The artificial hair of Comparative Example 5 was made of nylon MXD6 with 10 % nylon
6 blended in, and its thread diameter was 80 µm. Its rigidity for bending was 870
X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 40 %, and decreased till humidity about 60 % to 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 60 %. It further gradually decreased till humidity range 60 -
80 % to 610 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand for humidity 80 %. It turned out that the rigidity for bending of Comparative
Example 5 was considerably higher than the natural hair or the artificial hairs of
Examples 6 - 10 over the whole measured humidity range.
[0129] Here, as in Fig. 12, the rigidity for bending of the artificial hair of Comparative
Example 1 is shown together, and it turned out that it was considerably lower than
the natural hair or the artificial hairs of Examples 6 - 10 over the whole measured
humidity range.
[0130] As shown in Fig. 12 or 13, the rigidities for bending of natural hairs tended to
have individual deviation, unlike artificially manufactured hairs, and the humidity
dependency of their rigidities for bending had broad range. The rigidities for bending
of natural hairs by humidity change were in the range of 660 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand as its minimum value and 740 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand as its maximum value for humidity 40 %, and the width of this deviation was
80 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand. For humidity 60 %, the minimum value was 520 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, the maximum value was 660 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, and the width of deviation was 140 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand which was wider than for humidity 40 %. Further for humidity 80 %, the deviation
was wider, as wide as with the minimum value 420 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand and the maximum value 600 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand.
[0131] According to the artificial hair 10 of Examples 1 - 10, by making the sheath with
nylon 6 or nylon 66, the core with nylon 6T or nylon MXD6, and by varying the sheath/core
volume ratio, the artificial hair 10 were obtained which had the rigidity for bending
and its humidity dependency similar to natural hair. As shown in Figs. 12 and 13,
the rigidity for bending of the artificial hair 10 manufactured using nylon 6T or
nylon MXD6 for the core portion 1B with the sheath/core volume ratio about 1/2 was
close to the minimum value of that of the natural hair, and that of the artificial
hair 10 manufactured with the sheath/core volume ratio about 1/7 was close to the
maximum value of that of the natural hair.
[0132] With the artificial hair 10 of the sheath/core structure with the core 1B of the
semi-aromatic polyamide resin, and the sheath 1A of the aliphatic polyamide resin,
when the sheath/core volume ratio was within the range of 1/2 - 1/7, the artificial
hair was obtained the rigidity for bending of which shows behavior similar to the
natural hair. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the sheath/core weight ratio of the artificial
hair 10 manufactured by the sheath/core volume ratio within the range of 1/2-1/7 was
in the range of 10/90 - 35/65.
[0133] Especially, in the case of the artificial hair 10 of Examples 6 - 10 with the sheath
of nylon 6 and the core of nylon MXD6, its rigidity for bending was between the maximum
and the minimum values of the natural hair for humidity 40 - 50 % at 22°C, and showed
the behavior similar to its average value. Further in the humidity range over 50 %,
the rigidity for bending of artificial hair 10 of Examples 6 and 7 showed a characteristic
behavior similar to the maximum value of the natural hair, that of the artificial
hair 10 of Example 8 showed a characteristic behavior similar to the average value
of the natural hair, and that of artificial hair 10 of Examples 9 and 10 showed a
characteristic behavior similar to the minimum value of the natural hair.
[0134] Explanation is next made of the change of the artificial hair of Examples by moisture
absorption.
[0135] Figs. 14 - 16 are figures showing (A) the artificial hair of Example of the present
invention, (B) the natural hair, and (C) the conventional artificial hair made of
polyester in the initial states of curls, the water-soaked states, and the dried states
after water-soaking, respectively. Each hair was bound at its upper portion, and drying
was by natural drying.
[0136] As shown in Fig. 14, all hairs had the same lengths, and were in the state of curling
with the same curl diameters. It is seen that, when water-soaked, artificial hairs
1, 10 of Examples stretch by water absorption, and the change of their lengths was
close to that of the natural hair (See Figs. 15(A) and (B).). On the other hand, in
the case of the artificial hair using polyester, since it does not stretch due to
low moisture absorbency, it is seen that curl was not distorted unlike the behavior
of natural hair (See Fig. 15(C).).
[0137] In the dried state after water-soaking, the artificial hairs 1, 10 of Examples recovered
to the initial state of curl, and it is seen that it showed a change close to the
natural hair (See Figs. 16(A) and (B).). Though not shown in figures, in the case
of the artificial hairs made of materials other than polyester, it was known that
their curls stretch upon wetting with water, for example, and did not recover easily
to the original curl even if the moisture was removed under natural standing.
[0138] Therefore, according to the artificial hairs 1, 10 of the present invention, it is
seen that, when they were curled, their behavior was close to natural hair in the
stretch of curl upon wetting with water, and the recovery of curl when the moisture
was removed under natural standing.
[0139] According to the artificial hair 10 of the above-mentioned Examples 1 - 10, it was
seen that the rigidity for bending for humidity 40 % at 22°C either coincided with
the average value of natural hair 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, or showed a quite close value. It is further seen that the behavior of the
rigidity for bending decreased accompanying humidity increase up to humidity 80 %
was also quite close to natural hair. Still further, it was seen that, for the artificial
hair 10 upon actually wetting with water, the stretch of a curl and its recovery when
the moisture was removed under natural standing are similar behavior to the natural
hair.
[Example 11]
[0140] Like the artificial hair 10 shown in Examples 1 - 10, various artificial hairs 10
with different diameters were made, and a wig was manufactured therefrom as shown
in Fig. 5. It was such a wig that artificial hairs with different diameters were properly
arranged, having appearance similar to the natural hair by the design of a curl to
a part of hair, thereby the hairline and the hems of the wig did not have unnatural
appearance. According to the evaluation by the wearer and observers around, feelings,
such as appearance, tactile and texture, was quite natural, and, in the state of wetting
with the rain or shower, the lying state of hair, the uncurling state, and such feelings
as appearance, tactile and texture did not differ from the wearer's own natural hair,
as shown in Fig. 6 and Figs. 14 - 16, hair separation was not caused, thereby it could
be worn quite comfortably.
[0141] According to the above-mentioned Examples, it is seen that the artificial hair manufactured
in accordance with the present invention had the rigidity for bending for humidity
40 % at 22°C either coinciding with the average value of natural hair 720 X 10
-5 gfcm
2/strand, or showed a quite close value, and the behavior of the rigidity for bending
decreased accompanying the humidity increase was also quite close to the natural hair.
[0142] Therefore, it is seen that, since the wig 40 manufactured using the artificial hair
1 or 10 of the present invention has feelings, such as appearance, tactile and texture,
similar to natural hair, and these characteristics change like natural hair under
high humidity, or when wet with water, it can be worn with natural feeling.
[0143] The present invention is by no way limited to the above-mentioned Examples, and needless
to say that various modifications are possible within the range of invention as set
forth in the claims, which is also included within the range of the present invention.
For example, polyamide resins may be properly chosen so that the desired rigidity
for bending and others may be attained.