BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to buffering cushions for packaging, and more particularly
to a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between inward-bent air columns,
wherein the air columns can be inflated quickly and the suspending layer is hung between
the inward-bent air columns.
2. Description of Related Art
[0002] With the vigorous development of the technical industry, electronic and telecommunication
products, such as smart phones, tablet computers and flat LCD TV sets, become more
and more exquisite in terms of structure. For ensuring the integrity of these products
throughout their packing, transport and delivery, packaging materials play an important
role. In early days, foam and other soft, loose material were placed in cartons for
providing buffering protection. However, their effects are limited as they are unable
to be uniformly arranged and they tend to scatter around.
[0003] For overcoming the foregoing shortcomings, some packaging dealers started to use
an inflatable air pack as cushioning material. Such an inflatable air pack has a piece-like
shape constructed from a plurality of air columns, and is to be placed around an object
to be protected or filled in a packaging box. However, one air pack can only protect
one side of the object, and in order to achieve all-around protection, many of such
air packs have to be used simultaneously. This nevertheless means troublesome installing
operation. Furthermore, since the air packs are independent of each other, they tend
to have displacement after the foregoing time-consuming installation. One more defect
of the known air packs is that as they are in nature inflated thin-film bubbles, when
directly contacting an object to be protected, the sharp portion of the object or
its other packaging material, such as binding needles, can easily puncture the film-made
air packs. Particularly, at the bottom of the object to be protected, the punctured
air packs can soon lose air and become functionless. If such puncture happens during
transport and the broken air packs cannot be replaced timely, the object losing protection
is put in high risk of damage.
[0004] In view of this, there is a need of an air pack that is unlikely to be punctured
by sharp things and provides all-around buffering protection.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] One objective of the present invention is to provide an inflatable rectangular cushion
body that has a U-like sectional shape for receiving and fully protecting an external
object with its buffering capability.
[0006] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a buffering cushion with
a suspending layer hung between inward-bent air columns, wherein the suspending layer
is less likely to be punctured as compared to inflated parts of the buffering cushion,
such as the air columns.
[0007] To achieve the foregoing objectives, the disclosed buffering cushion with the suspending
layer hung between the inward-bent air columns comprises: A buffering cushion with
a suspending layer hung between inward-bent air columns, the buffering cushion being
made of at least two outer films and comprising: a first buffering member, including
a plurality of said air columns arranged abreast, wherein each said air column has
each of two opposite sides thereof formed with a heat-seal line that binds the two
outer films together, and has each of two opposite ends thereof formed with a joint
through heat sealing; a second buffering member, extended from one side of the first
buffering member and including a plurality of inflatable wall columns that are connected
to the air columns of the first buffering member via the joints, so that the second
buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against the joints, and the second buffering
member has one side opposite to the first buffering member formed with a connecting
heat-seal border for connecting the inflatable wall columns through heat sealing;
a third buffering member, extended from one side of the first buffering member opposite
to the second buffering member and including a plurality of inflatable wall columns
that are connected to the air columns of the first buffering member via the joints,
so that the third buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against the joints,
and the third buffering member has one side opposite to the first buffering member
formed with a connecting heat-seal border, in which at least one air channel is arranged
between the first buffering member and each of the second and third buffering members
so that an inflating air flow is allowed to flow through the first, second and third
buffering member; and the suspending layer, connecting the connecting heat-seal borders
of the second buffering member and the third buffering member, and forming together
with the second buffering member and the third buffering member an accommodating space
opened outward, wherein the suspending layer has each of two sides thereof provided
with an extended portion, with one said extended portion integratedly extended from
the connecting heat-seal border of the second buffering member and the other said
extended portion integratedly extended from the connecting heat-seal border of the
third buffering member, and the two extended portions are heat sealed together to
form a suspending portion substantially located at a center of the accommodating space,
whereby the suspending layer serves to carry an external object, and forms together
with the first, second and third buffering members a cushion body of the buffering
cushion, for providing the external object with buffering protection, in which one
end of the cushion body is formed with an end opening communicated with the accommodating
space.
[0008] According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the second
buffering member and the third buffering member has a plurality of aligned bent sections
formed through heat sealing, and a vertical wall is formed between the connecting
heat-seal border of each of the second buffering member and the third buffering member
and the corresponding bent sections, so that the vertical walls are allowed to be
bent in toward the accommodating space against the bent sections, in which each said
vertical wall comprises plural said inflatable wall columns, and in which what is
between the bent sections of each of the second and third buffering members and the
joints of the first buffering member is defined as a supporting portion, and each
said vertical wall has a height smaller than a height of the supporting portion.
[0009] The disclosed buffering cushion can be inflated quickly into a buffering protecting
structure. The bent second and third buffering members form the vertical walls, and
the non-inflatable suspending layer is formed at ends of the vertical walls for carrying
an external object. Thereby the second and third buffering members and the vertical
walls provide lateral protection, while at the bottom of the external object the suspending
layer and the first buffering member provide bearing and buffering, respectively.
Thereby, the external object is protected by the disclosed buffering cushion in all
directions and this full buffering protection secures the external object from damage
during transport. Furthermore, since the suspending layer is designed to prevent the
first buffering member and itself being punctured by any sharp parts of the external
object, the function of the buffering cushion is ensured.
BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between
inward-bent air columns according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the buffering cushion of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an expanded view of the buffering cushion of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an applied view of the buffering cushion of FIG. 1 showing an external object
received therein.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung
between inward-bent air columns according to another preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between
inward-bent air columns according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung
between inward-bent air columns according to another preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention discloses a buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung
between inward-bent air columns, which can be inflated quickly and is a rectangular
casing with one or two end-openings and a U-like sectional shape formed by bending
inflatable air columns. The buffering cushion contains therein the suspending layer
for carrying and providing an external object with buffering protection. The suspending
layer is a non-inflatable piece, so is unlikely to be punctured by any sharp parts
of the external object. Furthermore, one or more said buffering cushions can be used
simultaneously to jointly protect the external object in all directions.
[0012] Referring to FIG. 1 through FIG. 4, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention,
a buffering cushion 100 is made from two plastic outer films 101 and 102. The buffering
cushion 100 comprises: a first buffering member 1, a second buffering member 2, a
third buffering member 3, a pair of vertical walls 24 and 34, and a suspending layer
4. The first buffering member 1 includes a plurality of arranged abreast air columns
11. Each of the air columns 11 has each of its opposite two sides formed with a heat-seal
line 12 that binds the two outer films, and has each of its opposite two ends formed
with a joint 13 through heat sealing.
[0013] The second buffering member 2 is extended from one side of the first buffering member
1, and includes a plurality of inflatable wall columns 20. Each of the inflatable
wall columns 20 has each of its opposite two sides formed with the heat-seal line
12, and is connected to the air column 11 of the first buffering member 1 via the
joint 13, so that the second buffering member 2 is allowed to be bent inward against
the joints 13. The second buffering member 2 at its side opposite to eh first buffering
member 1 has a connecting heat-seal border 22, for connecting the inflatable wall
columns 20 through heat sealing. In other words, the connecting heat-seal border 22
is located at the extreme of the second buffering member 2. In addition, the second
buffering member 2 has a plurality of aligned bent sections 23 formed through heat
sealing. The bent sections 23 may be arranged into one or mow rows, with the attempt
to allow the second buffering member 2 to be bent thereon. Therefore, the bending
angle of the second buffering member 2 is determined by the size of the bent sections
23. Each of the bent sections 23 is corresponding to one said inflatable wall column
20. The bent sections 30 and heat-seal lines 12 of the inflatable wall column 20 are
alternatively arranged, so as to form air channels (as shown in FIG. 1) not sealed
for allowing an air flow to flow from the first buffering member 1 to the second buffering
member 2.
[0014] The third buffering member 3 is extended from the other side of the first buffering
member 1, and includes a plurality of inflatable wall columns 30. Each of the inflatable
wall columns 30 has its opposite two sides sealed with the heat-seal lines 12 and
connected to the air columns 11 of the first buffering member 1 via the joints 13,
so that the third buffering member 2 is allowed to be bent inward against the joints
13. The third buffering member 3 at its side opposite to the first buffering member
1 has a connecting heat-seal border 32, for connecting the inflatable wall columns
30 through heat sealing. In other words, the connecting heat-seal border 32 is at
the extreme of the third buffering member 3. The third buffering member 3 further
has a plurality of aligned bent sections 33 formed through heat sealing. The bent
sections 33 may be arranged into one or more rows, with the attempt to allow the third
buffering member 3 to be bent thereon. Therefore, the bending angle of the third buffering
member 3 is determined by the size of the bent section 33. Each of the bent sections
33 is corresponding to one said inflatable wall column 30. The bent sections 30 and
heat-seal lines 12 of the inflatable wall column 20 are alternatively arranged, so
as to form air channels (as shown in FIG. 1) not sealed for allowing an air flow to
flow from the first buffering member 1 to the third buffering member 3.
[0015] On the first buffering member 1, the second buffering member 2 and the third buffering
member 3, there are plural air channels 14 formed between the air column 11 and the
inflatable wall columns 20 and 30, so that an inflating air flow is allowed to flow
through the first buffering member 1 and the second buffering member 2 and the third
buffering member 3.
[0016] The vertical walls 24 and 34 are formed between the connecting heat-seal borders
22 and 32 of the second buffering member 2 and the third buffering member 3 and the
bent sections, and are allowed to bent against the bent sections 23 and 33 toward
an accommodating space 10 (as described below). Each of the vertical walls 24 and
34 comprises plural inflatable wall columns 20 or 30. Therein, what is between the
bent sections 23 or 33 of the second buffering member 2 or the third buffering member
3 and the joints 13 of the first buffering member 1 is defined as a supporting portion
21 or 31. In other words, the second buffering member 2 is bent to form the vertical
wall 24 and the supporting portion 21, and the third buffering member 3 is bent to
form the vertical wall 34 and the supporting portion 31. Each of the vertical walls
24 and 34 has a height smaller than that of the supporting portion 21 or 31, and the
bending angle of the vertical wall 24 or 34 is determined by the size of the bent
sections 23 or 33.
[0017] The suspending layer 4 connects the connecting heat-seal borders 22 and 32 of the
second buffering member 2 and the third buffering member 3, or, connects the extremes
of the vertical walls 24 and 34, and forms together with the second buffering member
2 and the third buffering member 3 the accommodating space 10 open outward. The suspending
layer 4 has its two opposite sides each formed with an extended portion 41. One of
the extended portion 41 is integratedly extended from the connecting heat-seal border
22 of the second buffering member 2, and the other extended portion 41 is integratedly
extended from the connecting heat-seal border 32 of the third buffering member 3.
The two extended portions 41 are sealed together, and between the two extended portions
41 a suspending portion 42 is substantially located at the center of the accommodating
space 10. The suspending portion 42 is separated from the air columns 11 of the first
buffering member 1 by an interval. The suspending layer 4 serves to carry an external
object 5 (as shown in FIG. 4), and forms together with the first, second and third
buffering members 1, 2 and 3 a cushion body with the suspending layer. The interval
between the suspending portion 42 and the first buffering member 1 further provides
the external object 5 placed on the suspending portion 42 with a buffering space.
Thereby, the disclosed buffering cushion 100 effectively provides buffering protection
to the external object 5 with its inflatable parts, the suspending layer 4 and the
intervals between the suspending layer 4 and the inflatable parts. In addition, the
buffering cushion 100 has one end formed with an end opening 103 communicated with
the accommodating space 10, for allowing the external object 5 to be placed into the
accommodating space 10 through the end opening 103 or from above. Particularly, when
carrying the external object 5, the suspending layer 4 receives dual support from
the vertical walls 24 and 34 and the supporting portions 21 and 31, and can slightly
sink due to the weight of the external object 5. Since the suspending layer is a non-inflatable
piece, it is unlikely to be punctured by any sharp parts of the external object, thereby
providing stable and safe support.
[0018] It is to be noted that the suspending layer 4 may be formed by laminating the two
outer films 101 and 102, or may be formed by extending either of the two outer films
101 and 102 from the connecting heat-seal border 22 or 32 of the second or third buffering
member 2 or 3.
[0019] The suspending portion 42 of the suspending layer 4 further has an extended heat-seal
border 421 (as shown in FIG. 6), which is extended rearward from the end opening 103,
so as to enlarge the suspending portion 42 in terms of width, and in turn the overall
width of the suspending layer 4. The width of the extended heat-seal border 421 may
vary according to practical needs, so as to provide an adequate space for receiving
the external object 5. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the second buffering member
2 and the third buffering member 3 have different heights, so that external objects
of different shapes can be easily put sideways into the accommodating space 10 from
the top of the third buffering member 3.
[0020] Referring to FIG. 5 for another embodiment of the present invention, the suspending
portion 42 of the suspending layer 4 is heat sealed onto the first buffering member
1, so that the air columns 11 of the first buffering member 1 provide the external
object 5 with butter buffering protection. Since the suspending layer 4 is above the
first buffering member 1, the first buffering member is protected from being punctured
by any sharp parts of the external object 5.
[0021] Referring back to FIG. 1, the second buffering member 2 and the third buffering member
3 have their sides opposite to the end opening 103 extended with plural inflatable
wall columns 20 and 30 that are heat sealed together to form a retaining wall 24.
The retaining wall 24 serves to position the external object 5 from its rear end (as
shown in FIG. 4).
[0022] Please refer to FIG. 7 for another embodiment of the present invention. Therein,
the buffering cushion 100 has unbent second and third buffering members 2 and 3, meaning
that there is no any vertical walls 24 and 34 as described above. The suspending layer
4 is directly extended from the connecting heat-seal borders 22 and 32 at the extremes
of the second and third buffering members 2 and 3 as an integral member. In this way,
the buffering cushion 100 can also use the suspending layer 4 to carry the external
object 5 while providing buffering protection.
[0023] To sum up, the disclosed buffering cushion 100 can be inflated quickly into a buffering
protecting structure. The bent second and third buffering members 2 and 3 form the
vertical walls 24 and 34, and the non-inflatable suspending layer 4 is formed at ends
of the vertical walls 24 and 34 for carrying an external object 5. Thereby the second
and third buffering members 2 and 3 and the vertical walls 24 and 34 provide lateral
protection, while at the bottom of the external object 5 the suspending layer 4 and
the first buffering member 1 provide bearing and buffering, respectively. Thereby,
the external object 5 is protected by the disclosed buffering cushion 100 in all directions
and this full buffering protection secures the external object from damage during
transport. Furthermore, the suspending layer 4 is designed to prevent the first buffering
member 1 and itself being punctured and losing the protective function. The buffering
cushion 100 is easy to manufacture and is cost-effective in use. Also, plural said
buffering cushions 100 can be used together to ensure better protection.
1. A buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between inward-bent air columns,
the buffering cushion being made of at least two outer films and comprising:
a first buffering member, including a plurality of said air columns arranged abreast,
wherein each said air column has each of two opposite sides thereof formed with a
heat-seal line that binds the two outer films together, and has each of two opposite
ends thereof formed with a joint through heat sealing;
a second buffering member, extended from one side of the first buffering member and
including a plurality of inflatable wall columns that are connected to the air columns
of the first buffering member via the joints, so that the second buffering member
is allowed to be bent inward against the joints, and the second buffering member has
one side opposite to the first buffering member formed with a connecting heat-seal
border for connecting the inflatable wall columns through heat sealing;
a third buffering member, extended from one side of the first buffering member opposite
to the second buffering member and including a plurality of inflatable wall columns
that are connected to the air columns of the first buffering member via the joints,
so that the third buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against the joints,
and the third buffering member has one side opposite to the first buffering member
formed with a connecting heat-seal border, in which at least one air channel is arranged
between the first buffering member and each of the second and third buffering members
so that an inflating air flow is allowed to flow through the first, second and third
buffering member; and
the suspending layer, connecting the connecting heat-seal borders of the second buffering
member and the third buffering member, and forming together with the second buffering
member and the third buffering member an accommodating space opened outward, wherein
the suspending layer has each of two sides thereof provided with an extended portion,
with one said extended portion integratedly extended from the connecting heat-seal
border of the second buffering member and the other said extended portion integratedly
extended from the connecting heat-seal border of the third buffering member, and the
two extended portions are heat sealed together to form a suspending portion substantially
located at a center of the accommodating space, whereby the suspending layer serves
to carry an external object, and forms together with the first, second and third buffering
members a cushion body of the buffering cushion, for providing the external object
with buffering protection, in which one end of the cushion body is formed with an
end opening communicated with the accommodating space.
2. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein each of the second buffering member and
the third buffering member has a plurality of aligned bent sections formed through
heat sealing, and a vertical wall is formed between the connecting heat-seal border
of each of the second buffering member and the third buffering member and the corresponding
bent sections, so that the vertical walls are allowed to be bent in toward the accommodating
space against the bent sections, in which each said vertical wall comprises plural
said inflatable wall columns, and in which what is between the bent sections of each
of the second and third buffering members and the joints of the first buffering member
is defined as a supporting portion, and each said vertical wall has a height smaller
than a height of the supporting portion.
3. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the suspending portion of the suspending
layer further has at least one extended heat-seal border that is extended rearward
from the end opening, for enlarging the suspending portion in width and providing
adequate space for receiving the external object.
4. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein when the accommodating space does not contain
the external object, the suspending layer and the first buffering member are separated
by an interval.
5. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the suspending portion of the suspending
layer is heat sealed onto the first buffering member.
6. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the two outer films are made of plastic,
and the suspending layer is formed by laminating the two outer films together, or
by extending either of the two outer films outward from the connecting heat-seal border
of the second buffering member or the third buffering member.
7. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the second buffering member and the third
buffering member are different in terms of height, so that the external object is
to be put sideways into the accommodating space from a top of the second buffering
member or the third buffering member.
8. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein each of the second buffering member and
the third buffering member has one side opposite to the end opening extended with
more inflatable wall columns, and the inflatable wall columns of the buffering members
are heat sealed to form an integrated retaining wall.
9. A buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between inward-bent air columns,
the buffering cushion being made of at least two plastic films and comprising:
a first buffering member, including a plurality of said air columns arranged abreast,
wherein each said air column has each of two opposite ends thereof formed with a joint
through heat sealing;
a second buffering member, extended from one side of the first buffering member and
including a plurality of inflatable wall columns that are connected to the air columns
of the first buffering member via the joints, so that the second buffering member
is allowed to be bent inward against the joints, and the second buffering member has
one side opposite to the first buffering member formed with a connecting heat-seal
border for connecting the inflatable wall columns through heat sealing;
a third buffering member, extended from one side of the first buffering member opposite
to the second buffering member and including a plurality of inflatable wall columns
that are connected to the air columns of the first buffering member via the joints,
so that the third buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against the joints,
wherein each of the second buffering member and the third buffering member has a plurality
of aligned bent sections;
a pair of vertical walls, each formed between the connecting heat-seal border of the
second buffering member or the third buffering member and the bent sections, and are
allowed to bent in toward an accommodating space against the bent sections; and
the suspending layer, connecting the connecting heat-seal borders of the second buffering
member and the third buffering member, and forming together with the second buffering
member and the third buffering member the accommodating space opened outward, whereby
the suspending layer serves to carry an external object, and forms together with the
first, second and third buffering members a rectangular cushion body of the buffering
cushion, for providing the external object with buffering protection, in which the
suspending layer is formed by at least one said plastic film integratedly extended
from the connecting heat-seal border of second buffering member or the third buffering
member.
10. The buffering cushion of Claim 9, wherein the suspending layer further has at least
one extended heat-seal border, which is lengthwise extended from opposite two sides
of the suspending layer, for enlarging the suspending layer in width and providing
adequate space for receiving the external object.
Amended claims in accordance with Rule 137(2) EPC.
1. A buffering cushion with a suspending layer hung between inwardbent air columns, the
buffering cushion being made of at least two outer films (101, 102) and comprising:
a first buffering member (1), including a plurality of said air columns (11) arranged
abreast, wherein each said air column has each of two opposite sides thereof formed
with a heat-seal line (12) that binds the two outer films together, and has each of
two opposite ends thereof formed with a joint (13) through heat sealing;
a second buffering member (2), extended from one side of the first buffering member
and including a plurality of inflatable wall columns (20) that are connected to the
air columns of the first buffering member via the joints (13), so that the second
buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against the joints (13), and the second
buffering member has one side opposite to the first buffering member formed with a
connecting heat-seal border (22) for connecting the inflatable wall columns through
heat sealing;
a third buffering member (3), extended from one side of the first buffering member
opposite to the second buffering member and including a plurality of inflatable wall
columns (30) that are connected to the air columns of the first buffering member via
the joints (13), so that the third buffering member is allowed to be bent inward against
the joints, and the third buffering member has one side opposite to the first buffering
member formed with a connecting heat-seal border (32); and
the suspending layer (4), connecting the connecting heat-seal borders (22, 32) of
the second buffering member (2) and the third buffering member (3), and forming together
with the second buffering member and the third buffering member an accommodating space
(10) opened outward, wherein the suspending layer (4) has each of two sides thereof
provided with an extended portion (41), with one said extended portion integratedly
extended from the connecting heat-seal border (22) of the second buffering member
and the other said extended portion integratedly extended from the connecting heat-seal
border (32) of the third buffering member, and the two extended portions are heat
sealed together to form a suspending portion (42) substantially located at a center
of the accommodating space (10), whereby the suspending layer (4) serves to carry
an external object, and forms together with the first, second and third buffering
members (1, 2, 3) a cushion body of the buffering cushion, for providing the external
object (5) with buffering protection;
characterized in that the suspending portion (42) of the suspending layer is heat sealed onto the first
buffering member (1).
2. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein each of the second buffering member and
the third buffering member has a plurality of aligned bent sections (23, 33) formed
through heat sealing, and a vertical wall (24, 34) is formed between the connecting
heat-seal border of each of the second buffering member and the third buffering member
and the corresponding bent sections, so that the vertical walls are allowed to be
bent in toward the accommodating space against the bent sections, in which each said
vertical wall comprises plural said inflatable wall columns (20, 30), and in which
what is between the bent sections of each of the second and third buffering members
and the joints of the first buffering member is defined as a supporting portion (21,
31), and each said vertical wall has a height smaller than a height of the supporting
portion.
3. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, in which at least one air channel (14) is arranged
between the first buffering member and each of the second and third buffering members
so that an inflating air flow is allowed to flow through the first, second and third
buffering member.
4. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, in which one end of the cushion body is formed with
an end opening (103) communicated with the accommodating space.
5. The buffering cushion of Claim 4, wherein the suspending portion (42) of the suspending
layer further has at least one extended heat-seal border (421) that is extended rearward
from the end opening (103), for enlarging the suspending portion in width and providing
adequate space for receiving the external object.
6. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the two outer films are made of plastic,
and the suspending layer is formed by laminating the two outer films together, or
by extending either of the two outer films outward from the connecting heat-seal border
of the second buffering member or the third buffering member.
7. The buffering cushion of Claim 1, wherein the second buffering member and the third
buffering member are different in terms of height, so that the external object is
to be put sideways into the accommodating space from a top of the second buffering
member or the third buffering member.
8. The buffering cushion of Claim 4, wherein each of the second buffering member and
the third buffering member has one side opposite to the end opening (103) extended
with more inflatable wall columns (20, 30), and the inflatable wall columns of the
buffering members are heat sealed to form an integrated retaining wall (25).