APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS

Description

Description of Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to swivel connectors for supplying a fluid to a consumer, for example, for supplying a hydraulic or pneumatic fluid to fluid-operated tools.

[0002] Known swivel connectors assist in maintaining kink-free fluid hoses between a fluid-operated tool and a fluid power source. Such swivel connectors can be turned 360° around the tool housing and about 180° perpendicular to the tool housing. Hose lengths between such tools and their sources vary and may exceed 30.4 m (100 feet). During operation of such tools, hydraulic and pneumatic fluids may exert pressures between 689.4 bar and 2068.4 bar (10,000 psi and 30,000 psi), which stiffen the fluid hoses. To accommodate such high pressures, diameters of hydraulic and pneumatic fluid hoses are typically large. When such fluid hoses tangle during tool operation, the tool becomes difficult to maneuver and position. Often tools weigh in excess of 45.4 kg (100 lbs.) and simply turning the tool to straighten out the hoses is difficult if not impractical.

[0003] US 2003/0140737 A1 relates to a multi-swivel connector for a fluid operated power tool. The connector has a post with an axis, a swivel member having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post, a mechanism for limiting rotation of the swivel member about said post axis to an arc less than 360 degrees, and a fitting member mounted to the swivel member. The fitting member is tiltable about the axis of the swivel member through at least a 90 degree arc and rotatable with the swivel member about the axis of the post.

[0004] WO 2009/010807 A2 relates to a multi-swivel connector for connecting a fluid operated tool to a fluid source and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to a multi-swivel connector for connecting a hydraulically operated tool, such as a hydraulic torque wrench, to a hydraulic pump.

[0005] The present invention has therefore been devised to address these issues.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the invention we provide an apparatus for supplying a fluid to a device for tightening or loosening fasteners including:

a first fluid-transmitting element having a first axis rotatably connectable with a housing of the device around the first axis;

a second fluid-transmitting element rotatably connectable with the first element about a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis;

a third fluid-transmitting element rotatably connectable with the second element about a third axis substantially perpendicular to the second axis and connectable with a fluid-transmitting line; wherein the second axis is substantially perpendicular to the first axis; and

wherein the third axis is substantially perpendicular to the second axis, and

first and second fluid conduits that each transfer fluid to and from the device and the fluid-transmitting line through the first, second and third elements.

[0007] Advantageously, if the apparatus is attached to a reaction portion of the tool, the first element is rotatable 360° about the first axis; the second element is rotatable 360° about the second axis; and the third element is rotatable less than 360° about the third axis. The apparatus allows for freedom of movement of the tool, the apparatus and/or the fluid-transmitting lines to avoid any portion of the tool, the apparatus and/or the fluid-transmitting lines from interfering with a fastener tightening or loosening application. It avoids increasing the dimensions of the tool relative to the fastener tightening or loosening application. The apparatus is positionable such that it is not visible when an operator views the tool. And operators can easily untangle the fluid-transmitting lines during tool operation.

[0008] The invention may be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure 1

is a cross-section view showing a swivel connector assembly attached with a reaction portion of the tool housing and a tool piston assembly;

Figure 2

is a cross-section view showing internal parts of portions of the swivel connector assembly;

Figure 3

is a front view of Figure 2;

Figure 4

is a perspective cross-section view of Figures 2 and 3;

Figure 5

is a perspective view of the swivel connector assembly;

Figure 6

is a front view of the swivel connector assembly attached with the reaction portion of the tool housing;

Figure 7

is a perspective view of Figure 6;

Figure 8A

is a side view of Figures 6 and 7;

Figure 8B

is a side view of the tool with the swivel connector assembly rotated 90°;

Figure 9

is a side view showing internal parts of another swivel connector assembly attached with a side portion of the tool housing;

Figure 10

is a top view showing internal parts of Figure 9; and

Figure 11

is a perspective view of the another swivel connector assembly of Figure 9.

[0009] Referring to Figures 1 - 8B by way of example, these show a swivel connector assembly 100 attachable with a reaction support portion 3 of a housing 2 of a tool 1 for tightening or loosening threaded fasteners and a cylinder-piston assembly 4.

[0010] Tool 1, portions of which are not shown in Figures 1 - 7, includes a housing 2 having two housing portions, a cylinder portion and a driving portion. Cylinder-piston assembly 4 is arranged in the cylinder portion and includes a cylinder 5, a piston 6 reciprocatingly movable in cylinder 5 along a piston, or first axis A₁₀₀, and a piston rod 7 connected with piston 6. Not shown, a known lever-type ratchet mechanism is arranged in the driving portion, connected to and drivable by cylinder-piston assembly 4, and includes a ratchet. The ratchet is turnable about a turning force axis, which is perpendicular to piston axis A₁₀₀. The ratchet is connected with a driving element, which receives a first turning force acting about the turning force axis in one direction during operation of tool 1. First turning force turns a deep well hex socket attached to the driving element, which turns a fastener. Reaction support portion 3, formed on a part of the cylinder portion, receives a second turning, or reaction, force acting about the turning force axis in another direction during operation of tool 1. Reaction support portion 3 is formed of an annular body about piston axis A₁₀₀. Note that any known fluid operated tool for tightening or loosening threaded fasteners having any known components may be substituted for tool 1.

[0011] Swivel connector assembly 100 supplies an hydraulic fluid to tool 1 and includes: a first fluid-transmitting element 130 rotatably connectable with housing 2 about first axis A₁₀₀; a second fluid-transmitting element 140 rotatably connectable with first fluid-transmitting element 130 about a second axis B₁₀₀ substantially perpendicular to first axis A₁₀₀; and a third fluid-transmitting element 150 rotatably connectable with second fluid-transmitting element 140 about a third axis C₁₀₀ substantially perpendicular to second axis B₁₀₀ and connectable with a fluid-transmitting line(s) (not shown). Shown more clearly in Figures 2 and 4, a first and a second fluid conduit 121 and 122 transfer fluid to and from tool 100 and the fluid-transmitting line through first, second and third fluid-transmitting elements 130, 140 and 150. Note that first axis A₁₀₀ is substantially parallel to an outer surface of housing 2.

[0012] Swivel connector assembly 100 includes the following component parts. First fluid-transmitting element 130 includes: a swivel connector assembly end cap 104; a swivel connector assembly bracket 102; a swivel connector assembly post 101; and a swivel connector assembly end cap cover 110. Swivel connector assembly 100 is connected to tool 1 by: a swivel connector assembly retaining nut 103; swivel connector assembly bracket set screws 106; swivel/piston O-rings 107; and a swivel connector assembly lock screw 109.

[0013] Second fluid-transmitting element 140 includes a swivel connector assembly joint block 105. Second fluid-transmitting element 140 is connected to first fluid-transmitting element 130 by: swivel block/bracket O-rings 108; a swivel block/bracket post retaining ring 112; and a swivel block/bracket post washer 118.

[0014] Third fluid-transmitting element 150 includes: a swivel yoke 113 with bottom and top swivel yoke portions 114; and female and male swivel yoke fluid couplers (shown in Figure 8A). Third fluid-transmitting element 150 is connected to second fluid-transmitting element 140 by: swivel yoke/block O-rings 115; swivel yoke flush sockets 116; and swivel yoke pressure plugs 117. Swivel yoke 113 is held together by yoke screw 111.

[0015] Alternatively either end cap 104, end cap cover 110 or both may not be part of first fluid-transmitting element 130 of swivel connector assembly 100 and may be formed as part of tool 1. Alternatively either end cap 104, end cap cover 110 or both may be formed as an additional fluid-transmitting element, in this case, a fourth fluid-transmitting element. Note that any part of swivel connector assembly 100 generally and fluid-transmitting elements 130, 140 or 150 specifically may be formed as part of either a different fluid-transmitting element or tool 100.

[0016] Referring to Figure 8A by way of example, this shows tool 1 with swivel connector assembly 100 in an upward position. Referring to Figure 8B by way of example, this shows tool 1 with swivel connector assembly 100 rotated 90° into the page in a clockwise direction relative to the position of Figure 8A. Swivel connector assembly 100 is positionable such that it is not visible when an operator views tool 1 from an opposite side.

[0017] Advantageously first fluid-transmitting element 130 is rotatable 360° about first axis A₁₀₀; second fluid-transmitting element 140 is rotatable 360° about second axis B₁₀₀; and third fluid-transmitting element is rotatable less than 360° about third axis C₁₀₀. Swivel connector assembly 100 allows for freedom of movement of tool 1, swivel connector assembly 100 and/or the fluid-transmitting lines to avoid any portion of such from interfering with a fastener tightening or loosening application. It avoids increasing the dimensions of tool 1 relative to the fastener tightening or loosening application. Swivel connector assembly 100 is positionable such that it is not visible when an operator views tool 1 from an opposite side. And the operator can easily untangle the fluid-transmitting lines during operation of tool 1.

[0018] Referring to Figures 9 - 11 by way of example, these show another swivel connector assembly 900 attachable with a side of housing 2 of tool 1 by a primary swivel connector assembly post 901. Generally discussion related to Figures 1-8B apply to Figures 9 - 11. Swivel connector assembly 900 supplies an hydraulic fluid to tool 1 and includes: a first fluid-transmitting element 930 rotatably connectable with primary swivel connector assembly post 901 about first axis A₉₀₀; a second fluid-transmitting element 940 rotatably connectable with first fluid-transmitting element 930 about a second axis B₉₀₀ substantially perpendicular to first axis A₉₀₀; and a third fluid-transmitting element 950 rotatably connectable with second fluid-transmitting element 940 about a third axis C₉₀₀ substantially perpendicular to second axis B₉₀₀ and connectable with a fluid-transmitting line(s) (not shown). A first and a second fluid conduit 921 and 922 transfer fluid to and from tool 1 and the fluid-transmitting lines through first, second and third fluid-transmitting elements 930, 940 and 950. Note that first axis A₉₀₀ is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface of housing 2.

[0019] Primary swivel connector assembly post 901 is connected to the outer surface of housing 2 of tool 1 by: primary swivel connector assembly post sealing O-rings 907; and primary swivel connector assembly post lock screws 909.

[0020] First fluid-transmitting element 930 includes a primary swivel connector assembly joint block 905. First fluid-transmitting element 930 is connected to primary swivel connector assembly post 901 by: swivel block/bracket O-rings 908; a swivel block/bracket post retaining ring 912; and a swivel block/bracket post washer 918.

[0021] Second fluid-transmitting element 940 includes a secondary swivel connector assembly post 941 formed between a swivel yoke 913 with bottom and top swivel yoke portions 914. Second fluid-transmitting element 940 is connected to first fluid-transmitting element 930 by: swivel yoke/block O-rings 915; swivel yoke flush sockets 916; and swivel yoke pressure plugs 917. Yoke screws 911 hold swivel yoke portions 914 and secondary assembly post 941 together.

[0022] Third fluid-transmitting element 950 includes: a secondary swivel connector assembly joint block 951 and female and male swivel yoke fluid couplers 919 and 920. Third fluid-transmitting element 950 is connected to second fluid-transmitting element 940 by insertion of secondary swivel connector assembly post 941 into secondary swivel connector assembly joint block 951 and sealed with swivel yoke/block O-rings 952.

[0023] Alternatively primary swivel connector assembly post 901 may be part of first fluid-transmitting element 930 of swivel connector assembly 900. Alternatively primary swivel connector assembly post 901 may be formed as an additional fluid-transmitting element, in this case, a fourth fluid-transmitting element. Note that any part of swivel connector assembly 900 generally and fluid-transmitting elements 930, 940 or 950 specifically may be formed as part of either a different fluid-transmitting element or tool 1.

[0024] Advantageously first fluid-transmitting element 930 is rotatable 360° about first axis A₉₀₀; second fluid-transmitting element 140 is rotatable 360° about second axis B₉₀₀; and third fluid-transmitting element is rotatable less than 360° about third axis C₉₀₀ (as limited by housing 2). Swivel connector assembly 900 allows for freedom of movement of tool 1, swivel connector assembly 900 and/or the fluid-transmitting lines to avoid any portion of such from interfering with a fastener tightening or loosening application. It avoids increasing the dimensions of tool 1 relative to the fastener tightening or loosening application. Swivel connector assembly 900 is positionable such that it is not visible when an operator views tool 1 from an opposite side. And the operator can easily untangle the fluid-transmitting lines during tool 1 operation.

[0025] Note that portions of swivel connector assembly 900, for example second and third fluid-transmitting elements 940 and 950, may be substituted for or added to portions of swivel connector assembly 900, for example third fluid-transmitting elements 940 and 950. In this case swivel connector assembly 900 would include a fourth fluid-transmitting element rotatable 360° about a fourth axis, substantially perpendicular to third axis C₉₀₀.

[0026] Note that first, second, third and/or fourth fluid-transmitting elements may be limited to rotate less than or allowed to rotate more than that which is stated. Note that first, second, third and/or fourth fluid-transmitting elements may rotatable at angle intervals, for example every 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and/or 180°, and/or allowed to rotate continuously. Note that first, second, third (and/or fourth) axes may be more or less than substantially perpendicular to each other.

Claims

1. An apparatus for supplying a fluid to a device for tightening or loosening fasteners including:

a first fluid-transmitting element (130, 930) having a first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) rotatably connectable with a housing (2) of the device about the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀);

a second fluid-transmitting element (140, 940) rotatably connectable with the first element (130, 930) about a second axis (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀);

a third fluid-transmitting element (150, 950) rotatably connectable with the second element (140, 940) about a third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) and connectable with a fluid-transmitting line;

wherein the second axis (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) is substantially perpendicular to the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀); and

wherein the third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) is substantially perpendicular to the second axis (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀), and further including first and second fluid conduits (121, 122; 921, 922) that each transfer fluid to and from the device and the fluid-transmitting line through the first, second and third element (130, 140, 150; 930, 940, 950).

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first element (130, 930) is connectable with either a side of the device housing (2) or a reaction support portion (3) of the device housing (2).

3. An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the first element (130, 930) is rotatably connectable with the reaction support portion (3) about the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) of the device housing (2) and wherein the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) is substantially parallel to an outer surface of the device housing (2).

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein:

the first element (130, 930) is rotatable 360° about the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀);

the second element (140, 940) is rotatable 360° about the second axis (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀); and

the third element (150, 950) is rotatable less than 360° about the third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀).

5. An apparatus according to claim 4 including:

a fourth fluid-transmitting element rotatably connectable with the third element (150, 950) about a fourth axis substantially perpendicular to the third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) and connectable with a fluid-transmitting line; and

wherein first and second fluid conduits (121, 122; 921, 922) that transfer fluid to and from the device and the fluid-transmitting line through the first, second, third and fourth elements.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the fourth axis is substantially perpendicular to the third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀).

7. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the fourth element is rotatable 360° about the fourth axis.

8. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the first element (130, 930) is connectable with the side of the device housing (2) and the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) is substantially perpendicular to an outer surface of the device housing (2).

9. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein:

the first element (130, 930) is rotatable 360° about the first axis (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀);

the second element (140, 940) is rotatable less than 360° about the second axis (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀); and

the third element (150, 950) is rotatable 360° about the third axis (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀).

10. An apparatus according to any preceding claims wherein: the first element (130, 930) is attachable separately, individually and independently to the device housing (2); the second element (140, 940) is attachable separately, individually and independently to the first element (130, 930); and the third element (150, 950) is attachable separately, individually and independently to the second element (140, 940).

11. An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the device is either pneumatically or hydraulically driven.

12. A device for tightening or loosening fasteners having an apparatus for supplying a fluid to the device according to one of the preceding claims.

Ansprüche

1. Vorrichtung zum Zuführen eines Fluids zu einer Einrichtung zum Festziehen oder Lösen von Befestigungselementen, die Folgendes beinhaltet:

ein erstes Fluid übertragendes Element (130, 930) mit einer ersten Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀), das um die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) drehbar mit einem Gehäuse (2) der Einrichtung verbindbar ist;

ein zweites Fluid übertragendes Element (140, 940), das um eine zweite Achse (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) drehbar mit dem ersten Element (130, 930) verbindbar ist;

ein drittes Fluid übertragendes Element (150, 950), das um eine dritte Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) drehbar mit dem zweiten Element (140, 940) verbindbar ist und mit einer Fluidübertragungsleitung verbindbar ist;

wobei die zweite Achse (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) zur ersten Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist und

wobei die dritte Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) zur zweiten Achse (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist, und

die ferner einen ersten und einen zweiten Fluidkanal (121, 122; 921, 922) beinhaltet, die jeweils Fluid durch das erste, zweite und dritte Element (130, 140, 150; 930, 940, 950) zu und von der Einrichtung und der Fluidübertragungsleitung fördern.

2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Element (130, 930) entweder mit einer Seite des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) oder einem Reaktionsabstützabschnitts (3) des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) verbindbar ist.

3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das erste Element (130, 930) um die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) drehbar mit dem Reaktionsabstützabschnitt (3) verbindbar ist und wobei die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) zu einer äußeren Oberfläche des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) im Wesentlichen parallel ist.

4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei
das erste Element (130, 930) um 360° um die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) drehbar ist;
das zweite Element (140, 940) um 360° um die zweite Achse (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) drehbar ist und
das dritte Element (150, 950) um weniger als 360° um die dritte Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) drehbar ist.

5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, die Folgendes beinhaltet:

ein viertes Fluid übertragendes Element, das um eine vierte Achse, die zur dritten Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist, drehbar mit dem dritten Element (150, 950) verbindbar ist und mit einer Fluidübertragungsleitung verbindbar ist; und

wobei ein erster und ein zweiter Fluidkanal (121, 122; 921, 922), die Fluid durch das erste, zweite, dritte und vierte Element (130, 140, 150; 930, 940, 950) zu und von dem Einrichtung und der Fluidübertragungsleitung fördern.

6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die vierte Achse zur dritten Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist.

7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei das vierte Element um 360° um die vierte Achse drehbar ist.

8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das erste Element (130, 930) mit der Seite des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) verbindbar ist und die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) zu einer äußeren Oberfläche des Einrichtungsgehäuses (2) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist.

9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei:

das erste Element (130, 930) um 360° um die erste Achse (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) drehbar ist;

das zweite Element (140, 940) um weniger als 360° um die zweite Achse (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) drehbar ist und

das dritte Element (150, 950) um 360° um die dritte Achse (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) drehbar ist.

10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei: das erste Element (130, 930) separat, einzeln und unabhängig am Einrichtungsgehäuse (2) anbringbar ist; das zweite Element (140, 940) separat, einzeln und unabhängig am ersten Element (130, 930) anbringbar ist und das dritte Element (150, 950) separat, einzeln und unabhängig am zweiten Element (140, 940) anbringbar ist.

11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Einrichtung entweder pneumatisch oder hydraulisch angetrieben ist.

12. Vorrichtung zum Festziehen oder Lösen von Befestigungselementen, die eine Vorrichtung zur Versorgung der Einrichtung mit Fluid nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche hat.

Revendications

1. Appareil permettant d'alimenter en fluide un dispositif destiné à serrer ou desserrer des éléments de fixation comprenant :

un premier élément de transfert de fluide (130, 930) ayant un premier axe (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) pouvant être relié à un carter (2) du dispositif en étant mobile en rotation autour du premier axe (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀),

un second élément de transfert de fluide (140, 190) pouvant être relié au premier élément (130, 930) en étant mobile en rotation autour d'un second axe (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀),

un troisième élément de transfert de fluide (150, 950) pouvant être relié au second élément (140, 940) en étant mobile en rotation autour d'un troisième axe (C₁₀₀ ; C₉₀₀) et pouvant être relié à une ligne de transfert de fluide,

le second axe (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀) étant essentiellement perpendiculaire au premier axe (A₁₀₀ ; A₉₀₀), et

le troisième axe (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) étant essentiellement perpendiculaire au second axe (B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀),

cet appareil comprenant en outre :

une première et une seconde conduites de fluide (121, 122 ; 921, 922) qui transfèrent chacune un fluide, vers et

à partir du dispositif et de la ligne de transfert de fluide en passant par le premier, le second et le troisième éléments (130, 140, 150 ; 930, 940, 950).

2. Appareil conforme à la revendication 1,
dans lequel le premier élément (130, 930) peut être relié soit à un côté du carter du dispositif (2), soit à une partie de support de réaction (3) du carter de dispositif (2).

3. Appareil conforme à la revendication 2,
dans lequel le premier élément (130, 930) peut être relié à la partie de support de réaction (3) en étant mobile en rotation autour du premier axe (A₁₀₀ ; A₉₀₀) du carter du dispositif (2) et le premier axe (A₁₀₀ ; A₉₀₀) est essentiellement parallèle à la surface externe du carter (2) de dispositif.

4. Appareil conforme à la revendication 3,
dans lequel :

le premier élément (130, 930) peut être tourné de 360° autour du premier axe (A₁₀₀ ; A₉₀₀),

le second élément (140, 940) peut être tourné de 360° autour du second axe (B₁₀₀ ; B₉₀₀), et

le troisième élément (150, 950) peut être tourné d'un angle inférieur à 360° autour du troisième axe (C₁₀₀ ; C₉₀₀).

5. Appareil conforme à la revendication 4, comprenant :

un quatrième élément de transfert de fluide pouvant être relié au troisième élément (150, 950) en étant mobile en rotation autour d'un quatrième axe essentiellement perpendiculaire au troisième axe (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀) et peut être relié à la ligne de transfert de fluide, et

la première et la seconde conduites de fluide (121, 122 ; 921, 922) transférant le fluide vers et à partir du dispositif et de la ligne de transfert de fluide en passant par le premier, le second, le troisième et le quatrième éléments.

6. Appareil conforme à la revendication 5,
dans lequel le quatrième axe est essentiellement perpendiculaire au troisième axe (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀).

7. Appareil conforme à la revendication 6,
dans lequel le quatrième élément peut tourner de 360° autour du quatrième axe.

8. Appareil conforme à la revendication 4,
dans lequel le premier élément (130, 930) peut être relié au côté du carter du dispositif (2) et le premier axe (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀) est essentiellement perpendiculaire à la surface externe du carter du dispositif (2).

9. Appareil conforme à la revendication 8,
dans lequel :

le premier élément (130, 930) peut tourner de 360° autour du premier axe (A₁₀₀, A₉₀₀),

le second élément (140, 940) peut tourner d'un angle inférieur à 360° autour du second axe B₁₀₀, B₉₀₀), et

le troisième élément (150, 950) peut tourner de 360° autour du troisième axe (C₁₀₀, C₉₀₀).

10. Appareil conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans lequel le premier élément (130, 930) peut être fixé séparément, individuellement et indépendamment au carter du dispositif (2),
le second élément (140, 940) peut être fixé séparément, individuellement et indépendamment au premier élément (130, 930), et
le troisième élément (150, 950) peut être fixé séparément, individuellement et indépendamment au second élément (140, 940).

11. Appareil conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est à commande pneumatique ou hydraulique.

12. Dispositif permettant de serrer ou de desserrer des éléments de fixation comprenant un appareil permettant de fournir un fluide à un dispositif conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.

Drawing