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EP 3 176 102 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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10.01.2018 Bulletin 2018/02 |
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Date of filing: 01.12.2015 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC):
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DISPLAY TRAY WITH INTEGRATED HANDLE
ANZEIGETABLETT MIT INTEGRIERTEM HANDGRIFF
PLATEAU DE PRÉSENTATION AVEC POIGNÉE INTÉGRÉE
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL
NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
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Date of publication of application: |
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07.06.2017 Bulletin 2017/23 |
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Proprietor: Saica Pack, S.L. |
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50015 Zaragoza (ES) |
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Inventor: |
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- Bryant, Ian
Manchester
Greater Manchester M31 4QN (GB)
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Representative: Capitán García, Maria Nuria |
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ARS Privilegium, S.L.
Felipe IV no. 10, bajo iz. 28014 Madrid 28014 Madrid (ES) |
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References cited: :
DE-A1-102007 042 764
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FR-A1- 2 847 886
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention corresponds to the field of cardboard trays with means for
bringing the products towards the front part of the tray.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Documents
WO2011/151410 and
DE8328422 disclose trays with a handle pulled by elastic bands, where the handle is an element
formed independently of the tray. In document
FR2762502 the handle is made from the same sheet as the tray but is separated from the latter
during the operation thereof when pulled by an elastic band.
[0003] These known designs have the drawback that the handle is always a separate element
from the tray, such that it must be made independently, or if it is made from the
same sheet as the tray it is an independent element that can be lost or separated
from the tray.
[0004] The present invention solves the drawbacks of the prior art by an embodiment in which
the handle is integrated in the tray.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention is established and characterised in the independent claims,
while the dependent claims describe additional characteristics thereof.
[0006] The subject matter of the invention is a tray with an integrated handle that moves
the products placed on the tray towards the front part thereof so that said products
are near the user at all times. The technical problem to solve is the design of the
shape, cuts and folding lines of the tray allowing to attain said goal.
[0007] An analogous advantage is the aforementioned simplicity, since a simple cardboard
sheet allows forming a tray with an integrated handle, as defined in claim 1.
[0008] An additional advantage related to claim 2 is the large surface area pushing the
products, ensuring that they are pulled towards the front part of the tray.
[0009] A further advantage related to claims 3 and 4 is that the configuration of the folding
lines allows the tray to act as a container, facilitating the transport of the products
and the arrangement thereof in a display.
[0010] Yet another advantage related to claim 5 is the simplicity and low cost of the invention,
as an elastic band is an inexpensive and readily available component.
[0011] Another advantage related to claims 6 and 7 is its sturdiness, allowing to house
nearly any type of product of any size and weight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] This specification is supplemented with a set of drawings illustrating the preferred
embodiment, which are never intended to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the sheet.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the tray where the fourth portion has been folded
in the front part of the tray, the first and second portions have been folded in the
rear part of the tray, and the cut-out has been folded in the second portion of the
tray.
Figure 3 is the same view of figure 2 with the second portion folded on the first
portion.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the tray assembled with the elastic means in the
form of an elastic band shown on one side by an arrow, indicating that they are placed
underneath until attached to the cut-out and the second projection of the third slit.
Figure 5 is a bottom perspective view of the tray of figure 4 with the elastic band
in place.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C represent three stages of approximation of the products as they
are removed from the tray, showing that the remaining products are always placed in
the front part of the tray.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0013] An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the figures.
[0014] The figures show a display tray (1) with an integrated handle for moving forward
the products (3) placed on the tray, made from a cardboard sheet (1.1), figure 1,
comprising a quadrangular base (1.2) on which the products (3) are placed stacked
horizontally, figures 6A to 6C.
[0015] The base (1.2) of the cardboard sheet (1.1), figure 1, is prolonged on the rear side
(1.3) in a first portion (1.4) with the same width as said rear side (1.3); the first
portion (1.4) is followed by a second portion (1.5) with the same width thereof; the
rear side (1.3) coincides with a first folding line; between the first portion (1.4)
and the second portion (1.5) is a second folding line (1.6).
[0016] In the base (1.2) of the cardboard sheet (1.1), figure 1, a first slit (1.7) is made
with a shorter length than the total length of said base (1.2) and ending at the first
folding line (1.3). The first slit (1.7) is prolonged in a second slit (1.8) in the
first portion (1.4) with a greater width than the former, and a third slit (1.9) is
made the front side of which coincides with the front side (1.10) of the base (1.2)
and with a third folding line.
[0017] The second portion (1.5) of the cardboard sheet (1.1), figure 1, has an I-shaped
cut-out (1.11) with a first arm (1.12) joined to the second portion (1.5) by a fourth
folding line (1.13) and placed at the farthest side of the base (1.2); the first arm
(1.12) is followed by a gap (1.14) provided with a fifth transverse folding line (1.15);
and a second wing (1.16).
[0018] The width of the second slit (1.8) is such that when the tray (1) is formed by folding
the first (1.3) and second (1.6) folding lines, said second arm (1.16) is introduced
in the second slit (1.8) and the width of the first slit (1.7) is such that the gap
(1.14) can move inside the same, such that the cut-out (1.11) never leaves the first
slit (1.7) during the operation, as the second slit (1.8) is on a different plane
as the firsts slit (1.7) since the first portion (1.4) is folded along the first folding
line (1.3).
[0019] Elastic means (2), figures 4 and 5, are attached to the gap (1.14) and to the third
slit (1.9) such that there is a constant traction of the second portion (1.5), akin
to a handle, towards the front side (1.10), pushing the products (3) towards the same.
[0020] Optionally, the second portion (1.5) is followed by a third portion (1.17), figures
1 to 4, with the same width as the second portion (1.5), and between said portions
(1.5, 1.17) is placed a sixth folding line (1.18) such that when the tray (1) is formed
the third portion (1.17) is facing up and rests on the products (3).
[0021] Another option for extending the tray (1) to a more closed box-like container, see
figures, is that from each side of the base (1.2), first side (1.19) and second side
(1.20) coinciding respectively with the seventh and eighth folding lines, emerge corresponding
first (1.21) and second (1.22) central tabs with the same width as said sides (1.19,
1.20) at the connection therewith. From each central tab (1.21,1.22) emerge towards
the rear first (1.23) and second (1.24) rear tabs, and towards the front part emerge
first (1.25) and second (1.26) front tabs. Between each central tab (1.21,1.22) and
each rear tab (1.23, 1.24) is disposed a folding line, ninth (1.27) and tenth (1.28)
folding line; between each central tab (1.21, 1.22) and each front tab (1.25, 1.26)
is disposed a folding line, eleventh (1.29) and twelfth (1.30) folding line. The base
(1.2) is prolonged at its front side (1.10) as a fourth portion (1.31) with the same
width as said base (1.2) at the connection thereto; said fourth portion (1.31) presents
a thirteenth folding line (1.32) and a flap (1.33) at the front face thereof, such
that when the tray (1) is formed by folding along the seventh (1.19), eighth (1.20),
eleventh (1.29) and twelfth (1.30) folding lines, the fourth portion (1.31), by the
folding of the thirteenth folding line (1.32), embraces the front tabs (1.25, 1.26)
and the flap (1.33) is inserted in the third slit (1.9), thereby closing the tray
(1) at the front part thereof to suitably contain the products (3).
[0022] Optionally, to close the tray (1) also at the rear part thereof, figures, the first
rear tab (1.23) presents a first projection (1.34) which, when the tray (1) is formed
by folding the ninth (1.27) and tenth (1.28) folding lines, is inserted in a notch
(1.35) of the second rear tab (1.24).
[0023] An option for the elastic means (2) is a helical spring, not shown, with one end
linked to the third slit (1.9) and the other end attached to the second portion (1.5)
of the third portion (1.17). In another option the elastic means (2) are an elastic
band, figures 4 and 5, that embraces a second projection (1.36) of the third slit
(1.9) and the gap (1.14) of the cut-out (1.11), such that the latter is folded along
the fifth folding line (1.15) and faces the front part of the tray (1).
[0024] One option that supplies great sturdiness is that the cardboard is corrugated cardboard,
in which case it is preferable that the fourth folding line(1.13) and the thirteenth
folding line (1.32) are each doubled to facilitate folding the corrugated cardboard.
1. Display tray (1) with integrated handle for moving closer the products (3) placed
on the tray, configured from a cardboard sheet (1.1) comprising a quadrangular base
(1.2) on which the products are stacked horizontally, said base (1.2) prolonged on
the rear side (1.3) thereof by a first portion (1.4) with the same width as said rear
side (1.3), the first portion (1.4) is followed by a second portion (1.5) with the
same width as the former, the rear side (1.3) coincides with a first folding line,
between the first portion (1.4) and the second portion (1.5) is a second folding line
(1.6), characterised in that in the base (1.2) a first slit (1.7) is made with a shorter length than the total
length of said base (1.2) ending at the first folding line (1.3), the first slit (1.7)
followed by a second slit (1.8) in the first portion (1.4) with a greater width than
the former, and a third slit (1.9) is made the front side of which coincides with
the front side (1.10) of the base (1.2) and with a third folding line, the second
portion (1.5) presents an I-shaped cut-out (1.11) with a first arm (1.12) joined to
the second portion (1.5) by a fourth folding line (1.13) and located at the farthest
side of the base (1.2), the first arm (1.12) followed by a gap (1.14), having a fifth
transverse folding line (1.15), and a second arm (1.16), the width of the second slit
(1.8) is such that when the tray (1) is formed by folding the first (1.3) and second
(1.6) folding line said second arm 81.16) is inserted in the second slit (1.8) and
the width of the first slit (1.7) is such that the gap (1.14) can move inside thereof,
elastic means (2) are attached to the gap (1.14) and to the third slit (1.9) such
that they provide a constant traction on the second portion (1.5), akin to a handle,
towards the front side (1.10) pushing the products (3) towards said side.
2. Tray according to claim 1 where the second portion (1.5) is followed by a third portion
(1.17) with the same width as the second portion (1.5), and between said portions
(1.5, 1.17) is placed a sixth folding line (1.18) such that when the tray (1) is formed
the third portion (1.17) is facing up and rests on the products (3).
3. Tray according to any of the preceding claims wherein from each side of the base (1.2),
first side (1.19) and second side (1.20) coinciding respectively with the seventh
and eighth folding lines, emerge corresponding first (1.21) and second (1.22) central
tabs with the same width as said sides (1.19, 1.20) at the connection therewith, from
each central tab (1.21,1.22) emerge towards the rear first (1.23) and second (1.24)
rear tabs, and emerge towards the front part first (1.25) and second (1.26) front
tabs, between each central tab (1.21,1.22) and each rear tab (1.23, 1.24) is disposed
a folding line, ninth (1.27) and tenth (1.28) folding line, between each central tab
(1.21, 1.22) and each front tab (1.25, 1.26) is disposed a folding line, eleventh
(1.29) and twelfth (1.30) folding line, the base (1.2) is prolonged at its front side
(1.10) as a fourth portion (1.31) with the same width as said base (1.2) at the connection
thereto, said fourth portion (1.31) presents a thirteenth folding line (1.32) and
a flap (1.33) at the anterior face thereof, such that when the tray (1) is formed
by folding along the seventh (1.19), eighth (1.20), eleventh (1.29) and twelfth (1.30)
folding lines, the fourth portion (1.31), by the folding of the thirteenth folding
line (1.32), embraces the front tabs (1.25, 1.26) and the flap (1.33) is inserted
in the third slit (1.9).
4. Tray according to claim 3 wherein the first rear tab (1.23) presents a first projection
(1.34) which, when the tray (1) is formed by folding the ninth (1.27) and tenth (1.28)
folding lines, is inserted in a notch (1.35) of the second rear tab (1.24).
5. Tray according to any of the preceding claims wherein the elastic means (2) are an
elastic band that embraces a second projection (1.36) of the third slit (1.9) and
the gap (1.14) of the cut-out (1.11), such that the latter is folded along the fifth
folding line (1.15) and faces the front part of the tray (1).
6. Tray according to any of the preceding claims where the cardboard is corrugated cardboard.
7. Tray according to claim 6 where the fourth folding line (1.13) and the thirteenth
folding line (1.32) are each duplicated to aid folding the corrugated cardboard.
1. Auslageschale (1) mit integriertem Handgriff zur Annäherung der in der Schale ausgelegten
Produkte (3), geformt aus einem Pappkarton-Bogen (1.1), der eine viereckige Basis
(1.2) zur horizontalen Anordnung der Produkte umfasst, wobei diese Basis (1.2) an
ihrer Rückseite (1.3) um einen ersten Abschnitt (1.4) verlängert ist, dessen Breite
der Rückseite (1.3) gleicht, und auf diesen ersten Abschnitt (1.4) ein zweiter Abschnitt
(1.5) gleicher Breite folgt, wobei die Rückseite (1.3) mit einer ersten Faltlinie
übereinstimmt und zwischen dem ersten (1.4) und dem zweiten Abschnitt (1.5) eine zweite
Faltlinie (1.6) verläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Basis (1.2) ein erster Spalt (1.7) eingelassen ist, der kürzer ist als die
gesamte genannte Basis (1.2) und an der ersten Faltlinie (1.3) endet, wobei auf den
ersten Spalt (1.7) ein zweiter Spalt (1.8) folgt, der in den ersten Abschnitt (1.4)
eingelassen ist und breiter ist als der erste Spalt, sowie ein dritter Spalt (1.9)
in der Vorderseite, der mit der Vorderseite (1.10) der Basis (1.2) und mit einer dritten
Faltlinie übereinstimmt, wobei der zweite Abschnitt (1.5) einen I-förmigen Ausschnitt
(1.11) mit einem ersten Arm (1.12) besitzt, der mittels einer vierten Faltlinie (1.13)
am zweiten Abschnitt (1.5) befestigt ist und sich an der am weitesten entfernten Seite
der Basis (1.2) befindet, wobei außerdem auf den ersten Arm (1.12) eine Lücke (1.14)
folgt, der eine fünfte, quer verlaufende Faltlinie (1.15) besitzt, sowie auch ein
zweiter Arm (1.16), und wobei die Breite des zweiten Spalts (1.8) derart gestaltet
ist, dass beim Formen der Schale (1) durch Falten der ersten (1.3) und zweiten (1.6)
Faltlinie der besagte Arm (1.16) sich in den zweiten Spalt (1.8) einfügt, und die
Breite des ersten Spalts (1.7) ist dergestalt, dass die Lücke (1.14) sich in Letzteren
einfügt, wobei elastische Mittel (2) an der Lücke (1.14) und am dritten Spalt (1.9)
derart befestigt sind, dass sie, ähnlich einem Handgriff, einen konstanten Zug am
zweiten Abschnitt (1.5) hin zur Vorderseite (1.10) ausüben und die Produkte (3) zu
dieser Seite hin drücken.
2. Schale nach Anspruch 1, wobei auf den zweiten Abschnitt (1.5) ein dritter Abschnitt
(1.17) mit gleicher Breite wie (1.5) folgt und zwischen beiden Abschnitten (1.5, 1.17)
eine sechste Faltlinie (1.18) derart angeordnet ist, dass beim Formen der Schale (1)
der dritte Abschnitt (1.17) nach oben zeigt und auf den Produkten (3) ruht.
3. Schale nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei von beiden Seiten der Basis (1.2)
- sowohl von der ersten Seite (1.19) als auch von der zweiten Seite (1.20) -, die
mit der siebten bzw. achten Faltlinie übereinstimmen, entsprechende erste (1.21) und
zweite (1.22) Streifen von der Breite der genannten Seiten (1.19, 1.20) an den Verbindungsstellen
ausgehen, wobei ausgehend von den zentralen Streifen (1.21, 1.22) ein nach hinten
gerichteter erster (1.23) und zweiter (1.24) hinterer Streifen sowie ein erster (1.25)
und zweiter (1.26) nach vorn gerichteter vorderer Streifen ausgeht und außerdem zwischen
den zentralen Streifen (1.21, 1.22) und den hinteren Streifen (1.23, 1.24) eine neunte
(1.27) und zehnte (1.28) Faltlinie angebracht ist, wobei außerdem zwischen den zentralen
Streifen (1.21, 1.22) und den vorderen Streifen (1.25, 1.26) eine elfte (1.29) und
zwölfte (1.30) Faltlinie angebracht ist und andererseits die Basis (1.2) an ihrer
Vorderseite (1.10) um einen vierten Abschnitt (1.31) verlängert ist, der an der Verbindungsstelle
mit der Basis (1.2) genauso breit ist wie dieselbe, wobei der genannte vierte Abschnitt
(1.31) an seiner Vorderseite eine dreizehnte Faltlinie (1.32) und eine Lasche (1.33)
besitzt, und zwar dergestalt, dass beim Formen der Schale (1) durch Falten entlang
der siebten (1.19), achten (1.20), elften (1.29) und zwölften (1.30) Faltlinie gleichzeitig
der vierte Abschnitt (1.31) durch das Falten der dreizehnten Faltlinie (1.32) in die
vorderen Streifen (1.25, 1.26) und in die Lasche (1.33) eingreift, die in den dritten
Spalt eingelassen ist (1.9).
4. Schale nach Anspruch 3, wobei der erste hintere Streifen (1.23) einen ersten Vorsprung
(1.34) darstellt, der sich beim Formen der Schale (1) durch das Falten der neunten
(1.27) und zehnten (1.28) Faltlinie in eine Aussparung (1.35) des zweiten hinteren
Streifens (1.24) einfügt.
5. Schale nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die elastischen Mittel (2) durch
ein elastisches Band gegeben sind, das einen zweiten Vorsprung (1.36) des dritten
Spalts (1.9) und die Lücke (1.14) des Ausschnitts (1.11) derart umschlingt, dass sich
Letzterer entlang der fünfzehnten Faltlinie (1.15) faltet und der Vorderseite der
Schale (1) gegenüberliegt.
6. Schale nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der Pappkarton Wellpappe ist.
7. Schale nach Anspruch 6, wobei die vierte (1.13) und die dreizehnte Faltlinie (1.32)
jeweils doppelt sind, um das Falten der Wellpappe zu unterstützen.
1. Plateau de présentation (1) avec poignée intégrée pour se déplacer plus près des produits
(3) placés sur le plateau, conçu à partir d'une feuille de carton (1.1) comprenant
une base quadrangulaire (1.2) sur laquelle les produits sont empilés à l'horizontale,
ladite base (1.2) prolongée sur son côté arrière (1.3) par une première portion (1.4)
avec la même largeur que ledit côté arrière (1.3), la première portion (1.4) est suivie
par une deuxième portion (1.5) avec la même largeur que la précédente, le côté arrière
(1.3) coïncide avec une première ligne de pliage, entre la première portion (1.4)
et la deuxième portion (1.5) se trouve une deuxième ligne de pliage (1.6), caractérisé en ce que, dans la base (1.2), une première fente (1.7) est réalisée avec une longueur plus
courte que la longueur totale de ladite base (1.2) se terminant au niveau de la première
ligne de pliage (1.3), la première fente (1.7) suivie par une deuxième fente (1.8)
dans la première portion (1.4) avec une largeur supérieure à la précédente et une
troisième fente (1.9) est réalisée, dont le côté avant coïncide avec le côté avant
(1.10) de la base (1.2) et avec une troisième ligne de pliage, la deuxième portion
(1.5) présente une découpe en forme de I (1.11) avec un premier bras (1.12) relié
à la deuxième portion (1.5) par une quatrième ligne de pliage (1.13) et situé au niveau
du côté le plus éloigné de la base (1.2), le premier bras (1.12) suivi par un espace
(1.14), ayant une cinquième ligne de pliage transversale (1.15) et un deuxième bras
(1.16), la largeur de la deuxième fente (1.8) est telle que lorsque le plateau (1)
est formé en pliant les première (1.3) et deuxième (1.6) lignes de pliage, ledit deuxième
bras 81.16) est inséré dans la deuxième fente (1.8) et la largeur de la première fente
(1.7) est telle que l'espace (1.14) peut se déplacer en son sein, des moyens élastiques
(2) sont fixés à l'espace (1.14) et à la troisième fente (1.9) de manière à fournir
une traction constante sur la deuxième portion (1.5), à la manière d'une poignée,
vers le côté avant (1.10) en poussant les produits (3) vers ledit côté.
2. Plateau selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la deuxième portion (1.5) est suivie
par une troisième portion (1.17) avec la même largeur que la deuxième portion (1.5)
et, entre lesdites portions (1.5, 1.17) se trouve placée une sixième ligne de pliage
(1.18), de sorte que lorsque le plateau (1) est formé, la troisième portion (1.17)
fasse face vers le haut et repose sur les produits (3).
3. Plateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, depuis
chaque côté de la base (1.2), un premier côté (1.19) et un deuxième côté (1.20) coïncidant
respectivement avec les septième et huitième lignes de pliage, ressortent des première
(1.21) et deuxième (1.22) languettes centrales correspondantes, avec la même largeur
que lesdits côtés (1.19, 1.20) au niveau de leur raccordement avec ceux-ci, depuis
chaque languette centrale (1.21,1.22) ressortent vers l'arrière des première (1.23)
et deuxième (1.24) languettes arrière et ressortent vers la partie avant des première
(1.25) et deuxième (1.26) languettes avant, entre chaque languette centrale (1.21,1.22)
et chaque languette arrière (1.23, 1.24) est disposée une ligne de pliage, neuvième
(1.27) et dixième (1.28) ligne de pliage, entre chaque languette centrale (1.21, 1.22)
et chaque languette avant (1.25, 1.26) est disposée une ligne de pliage, onzième (1.29)
et douzième (1.30) ligne de pliage, la base (1.2) est prolongée au niveau de son côté
avant (1.10) sous la forme d'une quatrième portion (1.31) avec la même largeur que
ladite base (1.2) au niveau du raccordement avec celle-ci, ladite quatrième portion
(1.31) présente une treizième ligne de pliage (1.32) et un rabat (1.33) au niveau
de la face antérieure de celle-ci, de sorte que lorsque le plateau (1) est formé par
pliage le long des septième (1.19), huitième (1.20), onzième (1.29) et douzième (1.30)
lignes de pliage, la quatrième portion (1.31), par le pliage de la treizième ligne
de pliage (1.32), enserre les languettes avant (1.25, 1.26) et le rabat (1.33) soit
inséré dans la troisième fente (1.9).
4. Plateau selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la première languette arrière (1.23)
présente une première saillie (1.34) qui, lorsque le plateau (1) est formé par pliage
des neuvième (1.27) et dixième (1.28) lignes de pliage, est insérée dans une encoche
(1.35) de la seconde languette arrière (1.24).
5. Plateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens
élastiques (2) sont une bande élastique qui enserre une deuxième saillie (1.36) de
la troisième fente (1.9) et l'espace (1.14) de la découpe (1.11), de sorte que cette
dernière soit pliée le long de la cinquième ligne de pliage (1.15) et fasse face à
la partie avant du plateau (1).
6. Plateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le carton
est du carton ondulé.
7. Plateau selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la quatrième ligne de pliage (1.13)
et la treizième ligne de pliage (1.32) sont chacune dupliquées afin d'aider au pliage
du carton ondulé.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only.
It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has
been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and
the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description