[0001] The present invention relates to a unit for carrying out the steps of pressing and
suction of water in processes for production of tiles, in particular single-layer
tiles.
[0002] For the above purpose units are known of the type described, for example, in the
Italian patent applications Nos.
FI2001A000103 and
FI2001A000104.
[0003] A further example of equipment for pressing and suction in processes for production
of tiles is described in the patent application No.
FI2005U000043, which regards a plate for presses for the production of tiles and a pressing assembly
provided with said plate.
[0004] Known solutions have proven generally satisfactory and have represented a substantial
innovation in the production of the single-layer tiles, thanks to the efficiency of
the combined action of pressing and suction.
[0005] DE 10 2007 030 324 A1 discloses an apparatus for presses designed for the production of single-layer tiles
starting from a water-based mix contained in a mould defining a pressing area in accordance
with the preamble of claim 1.
[0006] An aspect of known systems that is open to improvement is linked to the relative
difficulty in keeping the filtering and suction system clean and to the relatively
frequent need to replace the filters used for removal of the excess liquid phase from
the mix.
[0007] In the application No.
FI2011A000107, the present applicant has proposed a pressing and suction unit for the production
of single-layer tiles that is able to guarantee a more effective removal of water
from the entire mass of the mix, as well as an increased ease of dismantling and cleaning
of the unit and elimination of the need to provide a subfilter.
[0008] However, it has been found that the operations of cleaning of the plate and periodic
maintenance of the filter may be further improved.
[0009] There is consequently felt the need for an apparatus that will enable easy cleaning
of the plate and easy removal and cleaning of the filter.
[0010] The above purposes have been achieved by an apparatus according to one or more of
the annexed claims.
[0011] A first advantage lies in the fact that the filters can be replaced without removing
the plate from the pad, i.e., maintaining the plate and the pad fixed together, it
being possible for them to be released only when it is necessary remove the plate
to replace the filter and also to carry out cleaning of the inside of the various
collectors, it being thus possible to reduce the frequency at which the latter operation
is carried out.
[0012] A further advantage consists in the reduction of the weight of the plate, which facilitates
handling of the plate during introduction and extraction from the mould.
[0013] The above and further advantages will be better understood by any person skilled
in the branch from the ensuing description and from the annexed drawings, which are
provided by way of non-limiting example and in which:
- Figure 1 shows a front view of a generic press for the production of tiles;
- Figure 2 shows a detail of the lateral pressing region;
- Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a pressing and suction unit according to the invention;
- Figure 4 shows the unit of Figure 3 in an assembled configuration;
- Figure 5 shows a detail of a first corner area of the unit of Figure 4;
- Figure 6 shows a detail of a second corner area of the unit of Figure 4 in a region
corresponding to the top suction collector;
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the path for suction of the liquid through the
components of the apparatus;
- Figure 8 is a top plan view of the top monolithic plate of the unit;
- Figure 9 is a view from beneath of the plate of Figure 8;
- Figure 10 shows the detail "C" of the suction corner area of the plate of Figure 9;
- Figure 11 shows a top plan view of a perforated pressing plate according to the invention;
- Figure 11a shows a top plan view of a perforated plate according to the invention
in a second embodiment;
- Figure 12 shows the detail "D" of the corner area of the plate of Figure 11;
- Figure 12a shows the detail "D" of the corner area of the plate of Figure 11a;
- Figure 13 shows a top plan view of a pressing filter;
- Figure 14 and 15 show, respectively, a top plan view and an enlarged detail "E" of
the corner area of a bottom collector in the form of a metal mesh for a suction and
pressing unit according to the invention;
- Figures 16 and 17 show, respectively, a top plan view and an enlarged detail of a
cross section C-C of a monolithic frame according to the invention;
- Figure 18 shows a detail of the channels for pneumatic expulsion of the frame;
- Figure 19 shows the frame and the filter positioned at the bottom of the mould in
a position where they are extracted from the pressing plate;
- Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the suction plate and
of the monolithic frame;
- Figure 21 and 21a show, respectively, a top plan view and a view according to the
cross section a-a of the frame of Figure 20;
- Figure 22 and 23 show a detail of the plate and of the frame of Figure 20;
- Figure 24 shows the plate and the frame of Figure 21 in exploded view with respect
to a pressing mould with the plate being inserted in the frame with filter;
- Figure 25 shows the frame of Figure 24 during expulsion from the plate; and
- Figure 26 shows a detail of the channels of the plate for pneumatic expulsion of the
frame of Figure 20.
Detailed description
[0014] With reference to the attached drawings, there now follows a description of a preferred
embodiment of a unit 1 according to the invention for presses P of the type used in
the production of single-layer tiles starting from an underlying aqueous mix 2 contained
in a pressing mould 3, which is in turn carried by a supporting base 4.
[0015] Starting from the area of contact with the mix 2, the unit 1 basically comprises:
a perimetral frame 5 made of a single piece;
a filter 6 withheld by the frame and set in contact with the mix for enabling suction
of the liquid phase from above;
a first bottom collector 7 in the form of a metal mesh;
a second collector 8 in the form of a perforated plate in contact with the top face
of the first collector 7; and
a monolithic suction plate 9 fixed, preferably via magnets 10, to a vertically mobile
pressing pad 11.
[0016] In greater detail, the frame 5 is a single monolithic piece obtained by moulding,
for example a frame made of elastomer 13 reinforced by a rigid insert 15 obtained
from welded L-shaped sectional elements to improve its capacity for withholding the
filtering fabric of the filter 6.
[0017] The shape of the frame 5 is such that the bottom perimetral surface 12 of the monolithic
plate 9, made of metal material, does not come into contact with the liquid mix during
the pressing operations.
[0018] Advantageously, with this solution any small parts of the mix are prevented, during
the pressing and suction steps, from getting stuck in this area, thus requiring cyclic
removal.
[0019] According to the invention, the frame 5 has been conceived mainly so that it is possible
to mount it on and remove it from the plate 9 without this having to be released from
the pressing pad 11. By way of example, a method for mounting the frame is described
in what follows (Figure 19).
[0020] A clean frame is introduced into, and rested on the bottom of, the compartment of
the mould 3, and the filter 6 is inserted within the centring portion 45 of the frame.
Then the pressing assembly comprising the pad 11 fixed to the plate 9 and to the collectors
7, 8 is made to drop, until it enters the compartment of the mould 3, slowly and with
a low value of pressing pressure. The frame 5 is shaped with a projecting profile
14 so that it can penetrate with slight interference into a corresponding lateral
slot 43 of the bottom surface of the plate 9 and in such a way that, during this movement,
the filter 6, which had been inserted within the frame, will assume on the outside
the same profile as that of the frame and will remain thus blocked between the frame
5 and the plate 9. Advantageously, this operation is carried out automatically by
the press following upon a manual command.
[0021] Preferably, the projecting profile of the frame has perimetral bevels 16 that have
the purpose of facilitating its insertion into the slot 43 of the plate and to facilitating
pneumatic expulsion therefrom, as will be described more fully hereinafter.
[0022] Advantageously, in order to carry out periodic replacement of the filter 6, when
this is clogged, it is not necessary to detach the plate 9 from the pressing pad 11
but it is sufficient to cause the entire pressing assembly to drop into the compartment
of the mould 3 until it rests on the bottom, where it remains with a low pressing
pressure. Inside the pressing pad 11 a channel 17 is in fact present, which terminates
with a vertical hole 18 within which air under pressure can be introduced (Figure
18) .This hole 18 is set in such a way that its vertical axis corresponds to the centre
line of the perimetral interlocking between the projection 14 of the frame and the
slot 43 present underneath the plate 9. By introducing air under pressure into this
hole, the pressure spreads over the entire surface defined by the projection 14 of
the frame and is distributed perimetrally both without and within the thickness owing
to the surface that has remained free on account of the two bevels 16 that had the
function of facilitating insertion of the frame into the plate. In this way, by maintaining
the pressure in the vertical hole 18 of the pad, and without having to raise the pressing
assembly, the frame tends to detach from the plate being, however, withheld by the
fact that the entire pressing assembly keeps it in contact with the bottom of the
mould. There is obtained a uniform distribution of the air introduced over the entire
surface of the top perimetral planar portion of the projecting profile 14 in such
a way that then, by continuing to maintain the pressure of the air in the hole 18
of the pad and controlling rising of the pressing assembly, there is obtained a uniform
expulsion, i.e., an expulsion in a direction parallel to the bottom of the mould,
of the frame 5 and of the filter from the plate 6. Advantageously, also this operation
of detachment of the frame is carried out automatically by the press.
[0023] Provided on top of the filter 6 is a first mesh collector 7, which is obtained from
criss-cross weaving of stainless-steel wires and in the assembled configuration is
contained precisely within an internal contrast profile 19 of the plate 9.
[0024] Provided on top of the first collector 7 is then a second collector 8 having the
shape of a perforated plate, which is comprised between the first bottom collector
and the plate 9 and is also contained precisely within the internal contrast profile
19 of the plate 9, said contrast profile 19 being appropriately sized so as to enable
centring of the first and second collectors and for accommodating both of them for
their entire thicknesses.
[0025] Fixing of the collectors 7 and 8 to the plate 9 is obtained by means of screws 46A,
which are readily accessible and are inserted in corresponding holes 20, 21, 22 in
such a way that the collectors remain adherent to the plate 9 when it is necessary
to replace just the filter, or else in such a way that it is possible to remove the
collectors when occasionally it is desired to carry out a more accurate cleaning thereof.
[0026] Preferably, the second collector 8 is obtained from a sheet of stainless steel having
a thickness of 3 mm that is completely perforated, with holes having a diameter of
4.5 mm and a distance between centres of 15 mm. For example, in the 400x400-mm format,
in this collector at least 552 active holes 33 are hence present with a total section
of passage of 8779 mm
2 and are distributed at 45° with respect to the orthogonal axes of the plate 9.
[0027] Advantageously, the large number of holes 33 present in this collector and their
uniform distribution have the function, during the pressing step, of receiving a greater
amount of water prior to suction thereof and then of presenting an extensive and distributed
passage of air that is to flow through the various elements, namely, the filter, the
first and second collectors, and the plate, and then be rapidly expelled through the
suction manifolds 23 provided in the pad 11.
[0028] With reference in particular to Figures 4 to 9, the bottom surface 24 of the monolithic
plate 9 is machined to provide the slot 43 and the profile 19 so that it can house
the frame, the filter, and the two collectors and form a substantially plane pressing
surface 25 without any roughness or discontinuity that during pressing would come
into contact with the liquid mix 2. Within the slot 43 and the profile 19 necessary
for housing the frame and the two collectors, and more precisely on the surface where
the second collector 8 rests, a series of channels 32 are moreover provided that cross
one another once again diagonally like the holes 33 present on the second collector
8. The pitch of these channels distributed over the entire surface is advantageously
equal to the distance between centres of the holes 33 of the second collector in such
a way that the air/water will flow directly from the holes to the channels. The section
of passage of these channels 32 has, in the top part, a rounded shape (Figures 5-6)
and a sufficient depth so as to guarantee a good rate of flow and not to have regions
with sharp corners where material would tend to deposit.
[0029] Present on the top surface 26 of the plate 9 (Figure 8) are:
at the ends of the diagonals four housings 27 of a generally oval shape, each of which
is surrounded by an O-ring; the housings 27 are reached by the negative pressure from
the four holes 28 present in the pressing pad 11;
a channel 29 for housing an O-ring to protect the magnets 10 housed in the pad 11;
ducts for introduction of air 31 with O-rings, for pneumatic extraction of the frame
when this is mounted together with the pad; these ducts or holes 31 are moreover useful
also when it is desired to remove the frame from the plate manually when the plate
has been detached from the pad;
holes 47 for applying brackets for gripping and removal of the plate when it is resting
on the bottom of the mould; and
referencing holes 46 for the centring pins for centring the pad and the plate with
respect to one another.
[0030] The connection for the passage of air/water between the top and bottom sides of the
plate 9 is obtained in areas corresponding to the top housings 27. In these four areas,
generally L-shaped through openings 34 are provided that connect the bottom with the
top of the plate and directly converging in which are the channels 32 of the bottom
face of the plate (for example four channels 32) centred on the diagonals. All the
other channels 32 are, instead, delimited in their extension by four perimetral channels
35. Preferably, the perimetral channels 35 are deeper than the diagonal ones 32 and
converge in the L-shaped openings 34. Finally, the channels 35 give out on the outside
of the plate via the holes 36 parallel to the surface of the plate and distributed
over the four vertical sides of the plate (Figures 5 and 6).
[0031] Advantageously, the holes 36 have the function of sucking in the water and the slurry
that gets stuck, during pressing, in the perimetral clearance that may arise between
the plate and the compartment of the mould.
[0032] During use of the apparatus, the mix 2 is dosed and poured into the mould 3 in doses
having a cylindrical shape that drop from a certain height. To obtain complete levelling
of the dose in the compartment of the mould it is possible to set the mould in vibration,
according to a technique in itself well known. However, even in the case where the
vibration is obtained in the best possible way, at the vertices of the diagonals of
the compartment of the mould 3 there will always be obtained a greater concentration
of the lightest component in the mix, that is water, which reaches more easily the
areas that are further away from the point where the mix is dropped.
[0033] Advantageously, the plate 9 according to the invention has been conceived for having
a greater suction capacity at the vertices of the diagonals of the mould and perimetrally.
[0034] For this purpose, the openings 34 have sides parallel to the corners of the mould
and are set as close as possible to the vertices of the diagonals of the mould. In
turn, the holes 28 of the pressing pad from where the suction pressure arrives have
their projection that falls on these openings 34. The two channels 37 set on the right
and on the left with respect to the diagonals have been prolonged beyond the opening
34 towards the corners of the mould until they find outlet in two holes 38 at the
vertex of the second bottom collector 8 (Figure 12).
[0035] During use of the apparatus, the operations described in what follows are carried
out.
[0036] By way of example, in a 400x400-mm tile having a thickness of 23 mm the amount of
water that we have to draw off from the tile is 0.57 to 0.95 1. Within the various
collectors and channels present on the plate we have a space for housing approximately
1.07 1. It is thus possible to house in these elements, which are located in the point
closest to the extraction point, all the water extracted even before the suction pressure
can extract it and carry it out of the plate.
[0037] With reference to Figures 20-25, a further embodiment of a suction plate 90 is described
associated to a frame 50 made of a single piece according to the invention, where
the same reference numbers as those used for the parts of the plate 9 already described
are used for designating the corresponding parts of the plate 90 that perform the
same function.
[0038] With particular reference to Figure 21, the frame 50 is constituted by a monolithic
internal rigid ring 51, made, for example, of metal, enveloped by an elastomeric coating
53 of small thickness, which is provided at the top with a perimetral projection 52
that emerges from a top contrast surface defined by the internal and external surfaces
58 and 59 of the frame 50, which have the function of withstanding the vertical forces
that are generated during the pressing operations.
[0039] The internal edge of the frame 50 is defined by a stretch 60 substantially parallel
to the projection 52, which is preferably provided with a wedge-shaped bottom lip
54.
[0040] Figures 22 and 23 show the operating configuration of the plate 90, with the projection
52 of the frame 50 inserted in the corresponding bottom perimetral cavity 56 of the
plate 90, and the edge 55 of the filter 6 withheld between the internal stretch 60
of the frame and an opposed surface 61 of the cavity 56 of the plate 90.
[0041] In this embodiment, perimetral holes 33a are moreover present, distributed along
the sides of the collector 8 for communicating directly with the channels 35 and improving
suction from the perimetral pressing area.
[0042] Preferably, the height H of the projection 52 is slightly smaller than the depth
of the cavity 56 in such a way that between the surface 63 of the projection 52 and
the internal bottom surface 64 of the cavity 56 there remains a space 65 that defines
a chamber communicating with the pneumatic duct 18 of the plate 90 (Figure 26), said
duct being provided for pneumatic expulsion of the frame and having already been described
previously.
[0043] Advantageously, with this solution, the compressed air sent during expulsion into
the ducts 18 fills the space 65 and determines a uniform thrust on the elastomeric
projection 52, which behaves as a piston that is able to slide in the cavity 56.
[0044] Furthermore, in the configuration of use, the internal stretch 60 of the frame 50
and the opposed surface 61 of the plate 90 are orthogonal with respect to the pressing
surface, i.e., parallel to the direction of advance of the plate 90, and are set at
a distance by an extent slightly smaller than the thickness of the edge 55 of the
filter 6 in order to set the filter 6 in tension at the four sides at the moment of
insertion of the projection 52 into the perimetral cavity 56.
[0045] Furthermore, the range of the stroke, i.e., of the fluid-tight sliding between the
projection 52 and the cavity 56 during expulsion, is greater than the height of the
flap or edge 55 of the filter withheld between the surfaces 60 and 61 in such a way
that the thrust of pneumatic expulsion is effective at least until complete extraction
of the filter 6.
[0046] Figure 24 shows the plate 90 extracted from the mould 3, on the bottom of which the
frame 50 has been rested with a filter 6 resting on the contrast surfaces 58 of the
frame.
[0047] Figure 25 shows an intermediate step of exit of the projection 52 from the cavity
56, where the edges 55 of the filter 6 are already free from the surfaces 60, 61 of
the frame and of the plate, respectively, and the projection 52 is still inserted
in a fluid-tight way in the cavity 56.
[0048] Finally, Figure 26 shows the pressing operating configuration, in which the plate
rests on the surfaces 58, 59 of the frame, the projection 52 is completely inserted
into the cavity 56 communicating with the expulsion ducts 18, and the filter 6 defines
with the bottom surface 66 of the frame a pressing surface that is substantially smooth
and without any irregularities, also thanks to the presence of the perimetral lip
54.
1. An apparatus (1) for presses (P) designed for the production of single-layer tiles
starting from a water-based mix (2) contained in a mould (3) defining a pressing area,
said apparatus comprising:
a monolithic plate (9) provided at the top with ducts (27) in fluid communication
with a pneumatic suction system and a system for pressing from above , and a bottom
surface (24) provided with channels (32, 34, 35) distributed over the pressing area
and communicating with said ducts (27);
a first plate collector (8), which is provided with a plurality of through holes (33)
distributed over the pressing area, and can be set superimposed on, and in fluid communication
with, the channels of the bottom face of the plate (9);
a second mesh collector (7) which can be superimposed on said first collector (8);
a filter (6) applied to the bottom face of said collector (7); and
a perimetral frame (5) made of a single piece and connected to said plate for withholding
said filter applied underneath said second collector (7),
characterized in that it comprises means for pneumatic expulsion of said frame from said plate.
2. The apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that said frame is a single-piece frame reinforced with internal inserts.
3. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said frame (5)
and said filter (6) in said pressing area form a substantially continuous pressing
surface without any metal part in contact with the mix.
4. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said frame (5)
is fixed to said plate by means of forced fitting of a projecting profile (14, 52)
in a corresponding slot (43, 56) of the plate.
5. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said frame is a single-piece frame comprising a monolithic internal rigid ring (51)
coated with an elastomeric coating (53) having an internal surface (60) perpendicular
to the pressing area and opposed, in the operating configuration, to an opposed surface
(61) of the plate (90), wherein said internal surface (60) of the frame (50) and said
opposed surface (61) of the plate are set at a distance less than the thickness of
the filter (6) in order to be able to withhold by mechanical interference the four
lateral edges (55) of the filter and to enable uniform tensioning thereof.
6. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said projecting profile is a projection
made of elastomer (52) that is able to slide in a fluid-tight way in a slot (56) of
the plate (90) and has a slightly smaller height in order to define in the expulsion
configuration a free space (65) communicating with said pneumatic-expulsion means.
7. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said frame (50) comprises a top contrast
surface defined by internal and external surfaces (58 , 59) of the frame (50) that
have the function of withstanding the vertical forces that are generated during the
pressing operations.
8. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein the extent of fluid-tight sliding between
the projection (52) and the cavity (56) during expulsion is greater than the height
of the flap or edge (55) of the filter withheld between said internal surface (60)
and said opposed surface (61) in such a way that the thrust of pneumatic expulsion
is effective at least until complete extraction of the filter (6) from the plate (90).
9. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 5-8, wherein said expulsion means comprise
a channel (17) of the pad (11) that terminates with a vertical hole (18) into which
air under pressure can be introduced, said hole (18) being set in such a way that
its vertical axis corresponds to the centre line of the perimetral interlocking between
the projection (14, 52) of the frame and the slot (43, 56).
10. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bottom surface
(24) of the monolithic plate (9) has a quadrangular shape and is provided at the corners
with openings (34) into which a plurality of channels (32) distributed along the diagonals
of the plate converge, and is moreover provided with perimetral channels (35).
11. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first plate
collector presents an array of holes with a distance between centres equal to the
distance between centres of corresponding parallel channels (32) of the bottom surface
(24) of the monolithic plate (9).
12. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said monolithic
plate (9) comprises ducts (36) in fluid communication with the pneumatic suction system
and with the outer sides of the plate in order to drain any possible infiltration
of liquid between the plate and the mould.
13. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bottom surface
(24) of the monolithic plate (9) is provided at the corners with channels (37) set
on the right and on the left with respect to the diagonals, said channels (37) being
prolonged beyond said opening (34) until they find an outlet in corresponding holes
(38) set at the vertices of the second bottom collector (8).
14. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising automatic means
for insertion and/or expulsion of the frame (5) and of the filter (6) into/from the
plate (9).
15. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said perforated
plate collector (8) is provided with perimetral holes (33a) set in a region corresponding
to, and directly communicating with, perimetral channels (34, 35) of the plate.
1. Vorrichtung (1) für Pressen (P), ausgelegt für die Produktion von Einschichtfliesen,
die von einer wasserhaltigen Mischung (2) ausgeht, die in einer einen Pressbereich
definierenden Form (3) aufgenommen ist, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst:
eine monolithische Platte (9), die an der Oberseite mit Durchgängen (27) in fluidleitender
Verbindung mit einem pneumatischen Saugsystem und einem System zum Pressen von oben
versehen ist, und eine Bodenfläche (24), die mit Kanälen (32, 34, 35) versehen ist,
die über den Pressbereich verteilt sind und mit den Durchgängen (27) in Verbindung
stehen;
einen ersten Plattensammler (8), der mit einer Vielzahl von über den Pressbereich
verteilten Durchgangsbohrungen (33) versehen ist und mit den Kanälen der Unterseite
der Platte (9) zur Überdeckung gebracht und in fluidleitende Verbindung mit diesen
eingestellt werden kann;
einen zweiten Siebsammler (7), der mit dem ersten Sammler (8) zur Überdeckung gebracht
werden kann;
einen Filter (6), der an der Bodenfläche des Sammlers (7) angebracht wird; und
einen Umfangsrahmen (5), der aus einem Stück hergestellt und mit der Platte verbunden
ist, um den unter dem zweiten Sammler (7) angebrachten Filter zu halten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Einrichtungen zur pneumatischen Abtrennung des Rahmens von der Platte aufweist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen ein Rahmen aus einem Stück ist, der mit inneren Einsätzen verstärkt ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rahmen (5) und der
Filter (6) in dem Pressbereich eine im Wesentlichen kontinuierliche Pressfläche ohne
irgendein mit der Mischung in Kontakt befindliches Metallteil bilden.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rahmen (5) an der Platte
durch kraftbelastetes Pressen eines hervorstehenden Profils (14, 52) in einem entsprechenden
Schlitz (43, 56) der Platte befestigt wird.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen ein Rahmen aus einem Stück ist, der einen monolithischen, inneren steifen
Ring (51) einschließt, der mit einer elastischen dünnen Schicht (53) überzogen ist,
die eine Innenfläche (60) senkrecht zum Pressbereich und, in der Betriebsanordnung,
entgegengesetzt zu einer gegenüber liegenden Fläche (61) der Platte (90) aufweist,
wobei die Innenfläche (60) des Rahmens (50) und die gegenüber liegende Fläche (61)
der Platte in einem Abstand kleiner als die Dicke des Filters (6) festgelegt sind,
um die vier seitlichen Kanten (55) des Filters durch mechanisches Übermaß halten zu
können und gleichmäßiges Spannen derselben zu ermöglichen.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei das hervorstehenden Profil ein aus Elastomer (52)
bestehender Vorsprung ist, der fluiddicht in einen Schlitz (56) der Platte (90) gleiten
kann und eine etwas kleinere Höhe aufweist, um in der Abtrennanordnung einen freien
Raum (65), der mit der pneumatischen Abtrennvorrichtung in Verbindung steht, zu definieren.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Rahmen (50) eine obere Gegenfläche aufweist,
die durch innere und äußere Flächen (58, 59) des Rahmens (50) gebildet sind, die die
Funktion haben, den vertikalen Kräften standzuhalten, die während der Pressvorgänge
erzeugt werden.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Ausdehnung des fluiddichten Gleitens zwischen
dem Vorsprung (52) und dem Hohlraum (56) während einer Abtrennung größer ist als die
Höhe der Lasche oder Kante (55) des Filters, der zwischen der inneren Fläche (60)
und der gegenüber liegenden Fläche (61) gehalten wird, derart, dass der Axialdruck
einer pneumatischen Abtrennung zumindest bis zum vollständigen Herausziehen des Filters
(6) aus der Platte (90) wirksam ist.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, wobei die Abtrenneinrichtung einen Kanal
(17) der Unterlage (11) umfasst, der mit einer vertikalen Bohrung (18) endet, in die
Luft unter Druck eingeleitet werden kann, wobei die Bohrung (18) derart festgelegt
ist, dass ihre vertikale Achse mit der Mittellinie des Umfangsverschlusses zwischen
dem Vorsprung (14, 52) des Rahmens und dem Schlitz (43, 56) übereinstimmt.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bodenfläche (24) der
monolithischen Platte (9) eine quadratische Form besitzt und an den Ecken mit Öffnungen
versehen ist (34) versehen ist, in die eine Vielzahl von entlang der Diagonalen der
Platte verteilten Kanälen (32) zusammenlaufen, und darüber hinaus mit Umfangskanälen
(35) versehen ist.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Plattensammler
eine Anordnung von Bohrungen mit einem Abstand zwischen Mittelpunkten bildet, der
dem Abstand zwischen Mittelpunkten entsprechender paralleler Kanäle (32) der Bodenfläche
(24) der monolithischen Platte (9) entspricht.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die monolithische Platte
(9) Durchgänge (36) in fluidleitender Verbindung mit dem pneumatischen Saugsystem
und mit den Außenseiten der Platte aufweist, um ein mögliches Einsickern von Flüssigkeit
zwischen der Platte und der Form abzuleiten.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bodenfläche (24) der
monolithischen Platte (9) an den Ecken mit Kanälen (37) versehen ist, die links und
rechts relativ zu den Diagonalen festgelegt sind, wobei die Kanäle (37) über die Öffnung
(34) hinaus verlängert sind, bis sie einen Auslass in entsprechenden Bohrungen (38)
finden, die an den Scheitelpunkten des zweiten Bodensammlers (8) festgelegt sind.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend automatische Einrichtungen
zum Einsatz und/oder zur Abtrennung des Rahmens (5) und des Filters (6) in die/von
der Platte (9).
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der durchlöcherte Plattensammler
(8) mit Umfangsbohrungen (33a) versehen ist, die in einem Bereich festgelegt sind,
der Umfangskanälen (34, 35) der Platte entspricht und mit diesen direkt in Verbindung
steht.
1. Appareil (1) pour des presses (P) conçues à la production de carreaux monocouche à
partir d'un mélange en base aqueuse (2) contenu dans un moule (3) définissant une
zone de pressage, ledit appareil comprenant :
une plaque monolithique (9) munie au sommet de conduits (27) en communication de fluide
avec un système d'aspiration pneumatique et un système pour le pressage par le haut,
et d'une surface inférieure (24) pourvue de canaux (32, 34, 35) distribués sur la
zone de pressage et communiquant avec lesdits conduits (27) ;
un premier collecteur à plaque (8) qui est pourvu d'une pluralité de trous passants
(33) distribués sur la surface de pressage, et peut être superposé sur, et en communication
de fluide avec, les canaux de la face inférieure de la plaque (9) ;
un deuxième collecteur à mailles (7) qui peut être superposé sur ledit premier collecteur
(8) ;
un filtre (6) appliqué sur la face inférieure dudit collecteur (7) ; et
un cadre périphérique (5) réalisé d'une seule pièce et connecté à ladite plaque pour
retenir ledit filtre appliqué au-dessous dudit deuxième collecteur (7),
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour l'expulsion pneumatique dudit cadre par rapport à ladite
plaque.
2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre est un cadre d'une seule pièce renforcé par des inserts internes.
3. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
cadre (5) et ledit filtre (6) dans ladite zone de pressage forment une surface de
pressage sensiblement continue sans aucune partie métallique en contact avec le mélange.
4. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
cadre (5) est fixé à ladite plaque au moyen d'un ajustement forcé d'un profil en saillie
(14, 52) dans une fente correspondante (43, 56) de la plaque.
5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre est un cadre d'une seule pièce comprenant un anneau rigide interne monolithique
(51) revêtu avec un revêtement élastomère (53) ayant une surface interne (60) perpendiculaire
à la zone de pressage et opposée, dans la configuration de fonctionnement, à une surface
opposée (61) de la plaque (90), dans lequel ladite surface interne (60) du cadre (50)
et ladite surface opposée (61) de la plaque sont réglées à une distance inférieure
à l'épaisseur du filtre (6) de manière à être en mesure de retenir par interférence
mécanique les quatre bords latéraux (55) du filtre et pour permettre leur mise en
tension uniforme.
6. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit profil en saillie est une saille
constituée d'élastomère (52) qui est adaptée pour glisser d'une manière étanche aux
fluides dans une fente (56) de la plaque (90) et a une hauteur légèrement inférieure
de manière à définir, dans la configuration d'expulsion, un espace libre (65) communiquant
avec lesdits moyens d'expulsion pneumatique.
7. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit cadre (50) comprend une surface
supérieure de contraste définie par des surface intérieure et extérieure (58, 59)
du cadre (50) qui ont pour fonction de résister aux forces verticales qui sont générées
durant les opérations de pressage.
8. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'amplitude de glissement d'étanchéité
aux fluides entre la saillie (52) et la cavité (56) durant l'expulsion est supérieure
à la hauteur du volet ou bord (55) du filtre retenu entre ladite surface interne (60)
et ladite surface opposée (61) de telle manière que la poussée d'expulsion pneumatique
soit efficace au moins jusqu'à l'extraction complète du filtre (6) par rapport à la
plaque (90).
9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel lesdits moyens
d'expulsion comprennent un canal (17) du coussinet (11) qui se termine par un trou
vertical (18) dans lequel de l'air sous pression peut être introduit, ledit trou (18)
étant disposé de telle manière que son axe vertical corresponde à la ligne médiane
du verrouillage réciproque périphérique entre la saillie (14, 52) du cadre et la fente
(43, 56).
10. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite
surface inférieure (24) de la plaque monolithique (9) a une forme quadrangulaire et
est pourvue au niveau des coins d'ouvertures (34) vers lesquelles converge une pluralité
de canaux (32) distribués suivant les diagonales de la plaque, et est pourvu par ailleurs
de canaux périphériques (35).
11. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
premier collecteur à plaque présente un réseau de trous avec une distance entre centres
égale à la distance entre centres de canaux parallèles correspondants (32) de la surface
inférieure (24) de la plaque monolithique (9).
12. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite
plaque monolithique (9) comprend des conduits (36) en communication de fluide avec
le système d'aspiration pneumatique et avec les côtés extérieurs de la plaque de manière
à évacuer toute infiltration éventuelle de liquide entre la plaque et le moule.
13. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite
surface inférieure (24) de la plaque monolithique (9) est pourvue au niveau des coins
de canaux (37) disposés sur la droite et sur la gauche par rapport aux diagonales,
lesdits canaux (37) étant prolongés au-delà de ladite ouverture (34) jusqu'à ce qu'ils
trouvent une sortie dans des trous correspondants (38) situés aux sommets du deuxième
collecteur inférieur (8).
14. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant des moyens
automatiques pour l'insertion et/ou l'expulsion du cadre (5) et du filtre (6) dans/hors
de la plaque (9).
15. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
collecteur à plaque perforée (8) est pourvu de trous périphériques (33a) situés dans
une région correspondant aux et communiquant directement avec les canaux périphériques
(34, 35) de la plaque.