FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to emulsion breaker compositions and methods for
resolving emulsions of water and oil. More particularly, the invention relates to
structurally modified polyepihalohydrins for resolving emulsions of water and oil.
This invention has particular relevance to branched and linear polyepihalohydrins
and its polyelectrolytes for resolving oil-in-water emulsions and complex water external
emulsions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Crude oil produced from geological formations contains various amounts of water.
Water and crude oil are naturally non-miscible. When naturally occurring interfacial
active compounds are present, however, these compounds can aggregate on the water
and oil interface and cause oil droplets to disperse in the water phase. Such water
external, oil internal two phase systems are commonly referred as reverse crude oil
emulsions and can be quite stable. During crude oil lifting through production tubes,
the water and oil encounters an increased mixing energy from rapid flow through chokes
and bends. This additional mixing energy can further emulsify the water and oil. The
presence of crude oil in water can interfere with water treatment and/or water re-injection
systems. In particular, oil-free water is required for applications where water is
discharged into the environment, such as overboard water on offshore platforms, or
is used in steam generation, such as steam assisted gravity drainage.
[0003] Commonly used reverse emulsion-breaking chemicals, or water clarifiers, include the
following: tridithiocarbamic acids (
U.S. Patent No. 5,152,927); dithiocarbamic salts (
U.S. Patent No. 5,247,087); dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride and/or benzyl chloride quaternary salts
(
U.S. Patent No. 5,643,460); polymeric quaternary ammonium betaines (
U.S. Patent No. 3,929,635); and metal salts (zinc chloride, aluminum chloride). Polymeric quaternary ammonium
salts and copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide have also been used. These compounds,
however, may not provide satisfactory performance in all instances. In particular,
in extremely cold weather (e.g., -40°C and below) various problems are known. These
active ingredients are typically viscous and require a suitable solvent to reduce
the viscosity of the reverse emulsion breaker blend.
[0004] A main challenge in oilfield production is the resolution of oil-in-water emulsions,
otherwise known as reverse emulsions. Many reverse emulsion breakers also have a small
window of treatment dosages, which makes it challenging and difficult to properly
control resolution. Complex or multiple emulsions typically require both a reverse
and a standard emulsion breaker to aid in its resolution into clean water and dry
oil. These two products traditionally are incompatible, so each is typically injected
separately.
[0005] Document
US 2006/062753 A1 describes a composition useful as a biodegradable corrosion inhibitor and a biocide
that comprises a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt prepared by a reaction of a polyepihalohydrin
with a tertiary amine, wherein the polyepihalohydrin is prepared by a polymerization
reaction of an epihalohydrin in the presence of a monomeric poly alcohol and delivered
to the corrosion system in a solvent carrier.
[0006] Document
WO 2011/163155 A2 discloses a method of demulsifying an emulsion comprising water and oil. The method
comprises adding an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one substantially
fully quaternized ammonium adduct of polyephalohydrin that has a molecular weight
from about 500 Da to about 2,500 Da.
[0007] Document
EP 0308138 A1 discloses clay-containing geological formations which are treated to prevent, inhibit
or reduce swelling or migrating of clay particles in the formation, by containing
the formation with a quaternized oligomer comprising a methyl quaternary amine containing
an average of from 3 to 6 moles of epihalohydrin. The treatment is effected by introducing
the oligomer into the formation in an aqueous fluid which can comprise brine, salt
solutions, acid solutions, gelled fluids and the like.
[0008] Document
US 3,591,520 discloses the preparartion of fully quaternized adducts of tertiary alkyl amines
and polyepihalohydrins by reacting liquid polyepihalohydrins with tertiary lower alkylamines
and/or oxyalkylated lower dialkylamines. They are useful when added to aqueous zinc
chloride solutions or such solutions containing other metal salts for breaking oil-in-water
emulsions.
[0009] There thus exists an ongoing need for new, economical and effective chemicals and
processes for resolving reverse emulsions and complex emulsions into the component
parts of water and oil.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] This invention accordingly provides a reverse emulsion breaker composition for resolving
water external emulsions of water and oil according to claims 1-3 In a method of resolving
a reverse emulsion or complex water external emulsion of water and oil, the invention
comprises a method according to claims 4 and 5.
[0011] It is an advantage of the invention to provide a novel demulsifier for resolving
oil-in-water emulsions related to petroleum applications.
[0012] It is a further advantage of the invention to provide novel demulsifiers that have
superior performance and are much more cost effective than those currently known in
the art.
[0013] It is yet another advantage of the invention to provide a novel demulsifier for resolving
oil-in-water emulsions caused by surfactant injection related to enhanced oil recovery.
[0014] A further advantage of the invention is to provide a manufacturing advantage of easier
temperature control due to a greater mass of material to absorb the heat generated
from the reaction thus increasing safety.
[0015] An additional advantage of the invention is to provide a manufacturing advantage
that allows for the use of less epihalohydrin per batch due to a higher molecular
weight glycerol initiator.
[0016] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of
the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that
follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention
will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific
embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing
other embodiments for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017]
Figure 1 illustrates the general structure of the polyepihalohydrin compounds of the
invention.
Figure 2 illustrates the general structure of quaternized and branched polyepihalohydrin
compounds of the invention.
Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment for synthesis of branched polyepichlorohydrin.
Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment for the quaternization of branched polyepichlorohydrin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The term "reverse emulsion breaker" as used herein refers to a class of chemicals
used to aid the separation of emulsions (including, simple emulsion of oil-in-water,
and multiple/complex emulsions such as water-in-oil-in-water). Chemicals used to treat
oil-in-water emulsions are also commonly referred to as water clarifiers. They are
commonly used in the processing of crude oil, which is typically produced along with
significant quantities of water. In many instances the crude oil may be dispersed
or emulsified in the water phase and must be removed from the water prior to the re-injection,
processing, or discharge of the water.
[0019] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a reverse emulsion breaker composition
comprising one or more polyepihalohydrins and a method of using the composition for
resolving emulsions of water and oil. FIG 1 illustrates the general structure of such
polymers and FIG 2 illustrates an embodiment where the polymers are quaternized and
branched. In FIG 1, X is a leaving group, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, trifluoromethylsulfonate,
toluenesulfonate, methylsulfonate, the like, and combinations thereof. The leaving
group is preferably chloride, bromide, iodide, or a combination thereof. The acid
is a Lewis of Bronsted Acid, preferably BF
3 and/or ALMe3. y1, y2, and y3 independently range from about 2 to about 20. In a preferred
embodiment, y1, y2, and y3 independently range from about 3 to about 15. In a more
preferred embodiment, y1, y2, and y3 independently range from about 5 to about 10.
Higher epihalohydrin to glycerol ratios, for example, lead to higher y values. For
example, a 5:1 epi:alcohol (e.g., glycerol) ratio, y = 2-3, for 10:1 ratio y = 6-7,
for 20:1 y = 14-15, etc. In FIG 2, X is a leaving group as described above. R
1, R
2, and R
3 are independently any alkyl or aryl group or hydrogen. Preferred are methyl and/or
ethyl.
[0020] "Alkyl" refers means a monovalent group derived from a straight or branched chain
saturated hydrocarbon by the removal of a single hydrogen atom. Representative alkyl
groups include methyl, ethyl,
n- and
iso-propyl, cetyl, and the like. Preferred alkyls are methyl and ethyl.
[0021] "Aryl" refers an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of about 6 to about
10 carbon atoms. The aryl is optionally substituted with one or more C
1-C
20 alkyl, alkoxy or haloalkyl groups. Representative aryl groups include phenyl or naphthyl,
or substituted phenyl or substituted naphthyl.
[0022] In a further embodiment, the composition comprises at least one polyepihalohydrin,
at least one polyelectrolyte thereof, and any combination thereof.
[0023] According to an embodiment, the disclosed reverse emulsion breakers may be used alone
or in combination with any of a number of other emulsion breakers or demulsifiers
known in the art. Typical demulsifiers for breaking crude oil emulsions that may have
utility in the compositions herein are described, for example, in
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,470,829;
2,944,978;
3,576,740;
5,152,927; and
5,643,460. Other reverse emulsion breakers that may have utility in conjunction with the disclosed
composition are disclosed in
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,032,085, "Reverse Emulsion Breaking Method Using Amine Containing Polymers" and
5,643,460, "Method for Separating Oil from Water in Petroleum Production."
[0024] In alternative embodiments, the disclosed composition for the reverse emulsion breaker
generally depends upon the emulsion properties of the produced fluids. More specifically,
the reverse emulsion breaker composition is formed from an effective amount of one
or more polyepihalohydrins. The composition may contain any amount of the composition
sufficient to produce a water clarification. The reverse emulsion breaker composition
can be made in a variety of concentrations including between broadly trace to about
100% or about 1% to about 99% by weight of the composition or between about 10% and
about 90% by weight of the composition. More specifically, the reverse emulsion breaker
can be added in an amount equal to between about 20% and about 80% by weight of the
composition or, about 40% and about 70% by weight of the reverse emulsion breaker
composition. More preferably, the reverse emulsion breaker is added in an amount equal
to between about 25% and about 50% by weight of the reverse emulsion breaker composition.
[0025] In an alternative embodiment, other solvents may be included with the polyepihalohydrin
reverse emulsion breaker of the invention whereby the solvent can be added in an amount
ranging between about 1% and about 10% by total weight of the formulation composition.
Again, broadly, the reverse emulsion breaker composition can include an amount of
the polyepihalohydrin ranging between trace or about 1% and up to about 99% or 100%
by weight of the demulsifier composition. Typical solvents comprise water and/or low
molecular weight alcohols.
[0026] The amount of the reverse emulsion breaker composition used depends on the particular
water external emulsion being treated. In general, the effective amount of reverse
emulsion breaker composition ranges from between about 1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm actives
based on the total emulsion volume. More preferably, the dosage range is from about
1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm actives based on total emulsion volume. In another embodiment,
the dosage is from about 10 ppm to about 1,000 ppm actives based on total emulsion
volume.
[0027] Introducing the reverse emulsion breaker composition into the emulsion can be accomplished
by any suitable method. For example, the composition may be injected into the crude
oil at the well-head, or injected into the crude oil up-stream of the water separation
vessels (such as free water knock-out or heat treater vessels). The reverse emulsion
breaker may also be injected into the oil contaminated water upstream of the water
floatation cells or upstream of skim tanks. The reverse emulsion breaker composition
may be injected continuously or in batch fashion. The injection step is preferably
accomplished using electric or gas pumps, but any suitable pumping device may be used.
[0028] The treated water external crude oil emulsion is then allowed to separate into distinct
layers of water and oil. Once separation into distinct layers of water and oil has
been effected, various means known in the art can be utilized for withdrawing the
free water and separating crude oil. In a typical process for water clarification
of produced water, a reservoir is provided to hold the composition of the invention
in either diluted or undiluted form adjacent to the point of chemical injection. The
role of the reverse emulsion breaker is usually to clean and oil free water for discharge.
It should be appreciated that the invention has equal application for all processes
in the petroleum industry.
[0029] Preferred polyepihalohydrins of the invention include polyepichlorohydrin, polyepibromohydrin,
polyepiiodohydrin, the like, and combinations thereof. The molecular weight range
of these polymers is generally from about 400 to about 20,000 Mn (number average molecular
weight).
[0030] In synthesizing the polyepihalohydrins of the invention, a wide range of polyols
with a Lewis acid catalyst may be used to initiate the reaction as well as the alkoxylated
(e.g., ethoxylated or propoxylated) analogs thereof. Representative polyols include
trimethylol propane, glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, the like,
and combinations thereof. In alternative embodiments, any polyol known in the art
or equivalents may be used in to initiate the synthesis reaction. Representative Lewis
acids include alkyl aluminum compounds (e.g., triisobutyl aluminium, triethyl aluminum,
diisobutyl aluminum chloride, monoisobutyl aluminum chloride, and aluminum isoproylate),
BF
3, HPF
6, and SnCl
4, the like, and combinations thereof. In alternative embodiments, any Lewis acid known
in the art or equivalents may be used in the reaction sequence. Represenative Bronsted
acids include but are not limited to HCl, H
2SO
4, HClO, HBr, or combinations thereof. In alternative embodiments, any Lewis or Bronsted
acid known in the art or equivalents thereof may be used in the reaction sequence.
[0031] A preferred polyepichlorohydrin for use in the reverse emulsion breaker of the invention
is a quaternized, branched polyepichlorohydrin. Referring to FIG 3, polymerizing epichlorohydrin
in the presence of a polyol and a Lewis acid catalyst generates the preferred branched
polyepichlorohydrin of the invention. The molecular weight of the polyepichlorohydrin
is generally controlled by the ratio of epichlorohydrin to polyol in the reactant
mixture. By varying this ratio from about 5:1 to about 20:1, it is possible to produce
polymers with molecular weights ranging from about 400 to about 3,000 Mn.
[0032] In a second reaction step upon obtaining the branched polyepichlorohydrin, a primary,
secondary, and/or tertiary amine is used to yield the final polyelectrolyte, as shown
in FIG 4. Examples of these amines include ammonia, methylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine,
dimethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, piperadine, pyridine, the like, and combinations
thereof. Additionally, polyamines may also be used in this step to generate crosslinking
and higher molecular weight polyelectrolytes. Representative polyamines include ethylendiamine,
diethylenetriamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentaamine, the like,
and combinations thereof.
[0033] In an embodiment, at any time prior to functionalization the central core of the
polyol has 3 or more accessible alcohol functional groups as in general formula (1)
below.
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=2019/15/DOC/EPNWB1/EP11849533NWB1/imgb0001)
[0034] Where, R
1 and R
2 are selected from H, alkyl, OH, CH
2OH, C
4H
9O
4, sorbitol, other sugar alcohols, and the like. R
3 is selected from OH, CH
2OH, C
4H
9O
4, sorbitol, other sugar alcohols, polyclycerol, polyetheyleneoxide, polypropyleneoxide,
and the like.
[0035] In an embodiment, the polyol is reacted as shown below, where R
4 is shown as general formula (2) below. X ranges from about 2 to about 20, preferably
from about 3 to about 15, and more preferably from about 5 to about 10.
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=2019/15/DOC/EPNWB1/EP11849533NWB1/imgb0003)
[0036] In an embodiment, a glycerol core is reacted where R
4 is shown as general formula (3) below. The product of this reaction is shown as general
formula (4) below, where x, y, and z independently ranges from about 2 to about 20,
preferably from about 3 to about 15, and more preferably from about 5 to about 10,
again dependent on the epi to alcohol ratio.
![](https://data.epo.org/publication-server/image?imagePath=2019/15/DOC/EPNWB1/EP11849533NWB1/imgb0005)
[0037] In embodiments, the reverse emulsion breaker composition of the invention is used
to separate emulsions produced by alkali-surfactant-polymer or surfactant-polymer
enhanced oil recovery floods. In such embodiments, the produced emulsions typically
contain at least water, crude oil, surfactants, and polymers. Addition of the reverse
emulsion breaker composition of the invention to the produced emulsion separates the
oil and water phases. In some embodiments, the separation is a clean separation of
oil and water. A clean separation generally refers to dry oil with less than about
1% total sediment and water, a good interface with sharp separation between oil and
water, and clean water with less than about 300 parts per million (ppm) residual oil.
The composition is added to the emulsion by any suitable method. For instance, examples
of suitable methods include the methods disclosed in
Z. Ruiquan et al., "Characterization and demulsification of produced liquid from weak
base ASP flooding," Colloids and Surfaces, Vol. 290, pgs 164-171, (2006) and
U.S. Patent Nos. 4,374,734 and
4,444,654.
[0038] In another embodiment, the reverse emulsion breaker composition of the invention
may have utility in stabilizing clays during fracturing of a subterranean reservoir.
During the fracturing of subterranean reservoirs, clays native to the reservoir will
often swell when brought into contact with injected water, lowering the efficiency
of the fracturing process. Clay stabilizer products are mixed with the fracturing
fluid (e.g., water) prior to injection to prevent clay swelling, thus enhancing the
total efficiency of the fracturing process.
[0039] The foregoing may be better understood by reference to the following examples.
Example 1
[0040]
Reaction Scheme 1: To a 250 ml four-necked flask was added 16.8 g of trimethylolpropane.
The flask was purged with N2 and heated to 60 °C while stirring. One mL of BF3·OEt2 was then added and 231.3 g of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over the course
of an hour, maintaining the temperature between 85°C and 95°C. Once the addition was
completed, the resulting mixture was stirred at 95°C for one hour. The temperature
was then increased to 110°C and the mixture mixtured was sparged with N2 for one hour to yield the trimethylolpropane/epichlorohydrin copolymer.
Reaction Scheme 2: To a 250 ml four-necked flask was added 33.5 g of trimethylolpropane.
The flask was purged with N2 and heated to 60 °C while stirring. One mL of BF3·OEt2 was then added and 231.3 g of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over the course
of an hour, maintaining the temperature between 85 °C and 95°C. Once the addition
was completed, the resulting mixture was stirred at 95 °C for one hour. The temperature
was then increased to 110 °C and the mixture mixtured was sparged with N2 for one hour to yield the trimethylolpropane/epichlorohydrin copolymer.
Reaction Scheme 3: To a 250 ml four-necked flask was added 92.1 g of glycerol. The
flask was purged with N2 and heated to 60 °C while stirring. One mL of BF3·OEt2 was then added and 231.3 g of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over the course
of an hour, maintaining the temperature between 85 °C and 95°C. Once the addition
was completed, the resulting mixture was stirred at 95 °C for one hour. The temperature
was then increased to 110 °C and the mixture mixtured was sparged with N2 for one hour to yield the glycerol/epichlorohydrin copolymer.
Reaction Scheme 4: To a 500 mL hastelloy autoclave was added 50.3 g of trimethylolpropane/epichlorohydrin
copolymer from Reaction Scheme 1. 66.5 g of a 45% aqueous solution of trimethylamine
was then added to the autoclave and the autoclave was then sealed. The mixture was
then heated to 100 °C and stirred at this temperature for 24 hours. After 24 hours,
the autoclave was flushed with N2 and cooled to room temperature to yield the trimethylamine quaternary salt of the
trimethylolpropane/epichlorohydrin copolymer.
Reaction Scheme 5: To a 500 mL hastelloy autoclave was added 49.2 g of glycerol/epichlorohydrin
copolymer from Reaction Scheme 1. 63.5 g of a 45% aqueous solution of trimethylamine
(TMA) was then added to the autoclave and the autoclave was then sealed. The mixture
was then heated to 100 °C and stirred at this temperature for 24 hours. After 24 hours,
the autoclave was flushed with N2 and cooled to room temperature to yield the trimethylamine quaternary salt of the
glycerol/epichlorohydrin copolymer.
Example 2
[0041] This example illustrates the effectiveness of the reverse emulsion breaker of the
invention embodied in FIG 4. It can be seen in Table 1 that the quaternized branched
polyepichlorohydrin polyelectrolytes were found to yield cleaner water at lower treat
rates than the traditionally used chemicals. Moreover, differences were observed between
the branched and linear polyepichlorohydin (PECH) polyelectrolytes. Though both are
effective reverse emulsion breakers and within the scope of the invention, the branched
version has the advantage of being able to resolve the emulsion at a lower dose and
provide cleaner water (Table 1, Samples 5 and 6) than there linear equivalents (Table
1, Samples 3, 4, 7, and 8). The branched molecules are also found to be less viscous
than their linear counterparts making them easier to handle.
Table 1
Sample |
Chemical |
Dose (ppm) |
Reverse Emulsion (Resolved/Unresolved) |
Turbidity (NTU) |
1 |
MeCl quaternized polytriethanolamine |
160 |
Unresolved |
NA |
2 |
polyDADMAC |
160 |
Unresolved |
NA |
3 |
Linear low MW PECH. TMA quaternized. |
160 |
Unresolved |
NA |
4 |
Linear high MW PECH.TMA quaternized |
160 |
Unresolved |
NA |
5 |
Branched low MW PECH.TMA quaternized |
160 |
Resolved |
363 |
6 |
Branched high MW PECH.TMA quaternized |
160 |
Resolved |
295 |
7 |
Linear low MW PECH.TMA quaternized |
180 |
Resolved |
455 |
8 |
Linear high MW PECH. TMA quaternized |
180 |
Resolved |
370 |
Example 3
[0042] This example illustrates the effectiveness of the reverse emulsion breaker of the
invention with regard to resolving reverse emulsions stabilized by anionic surfactant
polymers. The reverse emulsion was generated by mixing 30 mL crude oil with 70 mL
of an anionic surfactant solution in prescription bottles. The bottles were then place
on a mechanical shaker for 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was then treated with
the indicated chemical and shaken for an additional 3 minutes. The bottles were removed
from the shaker and separation of the oil and water was monitored along with the resultant
oil and water quality. It can be seen in Tables 2a and 2b that the branched polyepichlorohydrin
quaternized molecules provided a faster water drop than linear counterparts as well
as cleaner water.
Table 2a
Sample |
Chemical |
Dose (ppm) |
Water Drop (mL) |
Water Quality |
|
|
1' |
5' |
10' |
40' |
1h |
3h |
Turbidity (NTU) |
1 |
Branched PECH.TMA quaternized |
450 |
18 |
63 |
65 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
552 |
2 |
Linear PECH.TMA quaternized |
450 |
5 |
25 |
50 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
580 |
3 |
Branched PECH.TMA quaternized |
600 |
60 |
68 |
68 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
404 |
4 |
Linear PECH.TMA quaternized |
600 |
50 |
67 |
68 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
446 |
5 |
Untreated |
- |
0 |
10 |
12 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
857 |
Table 2b
Sample |
Chemical |
Dose (ppm) |
Thief |
|
|
Total |
% H2O |
% BS |
Slug |
1 |
Branched PECH.TMA quaternized |
450 |
0.4 |
trace |
0.4 |
0.3 |
2 |
Linear PECH.TMA quaternized |
450 |
0.4 |
trace |
0.4 |
0.4 |
3 |
Branched PECH.TMA quaternized |
600 |
0.4 |
trace |
0.4 |
0.3 |
4 |
Linear PECH.TMA quaternized |
600 |
0.4 |
trace |
0.4 |
0.4 |
5 |
Untreated |
- |
10 |
0.8 |
9.2 |
10 |
Example 4
[0043] This example illustrates the effectiveness of the invention as a clay stabilization
agent. The effectiveness of the chemicals were measured via capillary suction timer
(CST) testing by weighing 250g deionized water into a 500 mL plastic beaker. The mixture
was then stirred at a Variac reading of 40 using an overhead stirrer. The clay stabilizer
candidate to be evaluated is added (0.25 mL; 1gpt) to the water while stirring at
this stage. A 30g premixed clay (83/17 silica flour/ sodium bentonite) was next added
to the solution and stirred at 50 Variac for Imin The stirring was stopped and the
clay set aside for 5min to allow time to hydrate. At the end of this interval the
slurry is stirred at 40 Variac and 1cc portions of samples are withdrawn and syringed
in through the sample port of the CST instrument. The CST value is read out from the
display and recorded. Three such readings are taken consecutively and averaged out
to report the CST value for the particular clay stabilizer additive at the studied
dosage. In general, the lower the CST value the more effective the clay stabilization.
Table 3
Sample |
Chemistry |
CST |
1 |
Linear PECH.TMA quaternized |
35 |
2 |
Branched PECH.TMA quaternized |
31 |
3 |
Epichlorohydrin/dimethylamine copolymer |
42 |
4 |
Methylchloride quaternized choline |
97 |
5 |
Trimethylammonium chloride |
112 |
1. A reverse emulsion breaker composition for resolving a water external emulsion of
water and oil, the composition comprising an effective amount at least one polyepihalohydrin,
wherein the at least one polyepihalohydrin has the following structure:
wherein y1 is from 2 to 20;
wherein y2 is from 2 to 20; and
wherein y3 is from 2 to 20.
2. The reverse emulsion breaker composition of Claim 1, wherein the at least one polyepihalohydrin
is present from trace to 100 wt%.
3. The reverse emulsion breaker composition of Claim 1, further comprising at least one
solvent.
4. A method for resolving an emulsion of water and oil, the method comprising adding
an effective amount of the reverse emulsion breaker composition of Claim 1.
5. The method of Claim 4, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of: crude
oil, refined oil, bitumen, condensate, slop oil, distillates, fuels, brines, and mixtures
thereof.
6. The method of Claim 4, further comprising adding from 1 ppm to 5,000 ppm of said composition
based on actives and total emulsion volume.
7. The method of Claim 4, wherein the emulsion is a produced emulsion from an alkali-surfactant-polymer
or surfactant-polymer enhanced oil recovery flood.
8. A method for stabilizing clays during fracturing of a subterranean reservoir, the
method comprising adding an effective amount of the composition of Claim 1 into a
fracturing fluid introduced into the subterranean reservoir.
1. Umgekehrte Emulsionsspalterzusammensetzung zum Auflösen einer wasserexternen Emulsion
aus Wasser und Öl, wobei die Zusammensetzung eine wirksame Menge von wenigstens einem
Polyepihalohydrin umfasst, wobei das wenigstens eine Polyepihalohydrin die folgende
Struktur aufweist:
wobei y1 von 2 bis 20 ist;
wobei y2 von 2 bis 20 ist; und
wobei y3 von 2 bis 20 ist.
2. Umgekehrte Emulsionsspalterzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das wenigstens eine
Polyepihalohydrin von einer Spur bis 100 Gew.-% vorhanden ist.
3. Umgekehrte Emulsionsspalterzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend wenigstens
ein Lösungsmittel.
4. Verfahren zum Auflösen einer Emulsion aus Wasser und Öl, wobei das Verfahren das Hinzugeben
einer wirksamen Menge der umgekehrten Emulsionsspalterzusammensetzung nach Anspruch
1 umfasst.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Öl aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus den
Folgenden besteht: Rohöl, Raffinat, Bitumen, Kondensat, Slopöl, Destillaten, Brennstoffen,
Salzlösungen und Gemischen daraus.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, ferner umfassend das Hinzugeben von 1 ppm bis 5.000 ppm
der Zusammensetzung auf Grundlage von Wirkstoffen und dem gesamten Emulsionsvolumen.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Emulsion eine hergestellte Emulsion aus einem
Alkali-Polymerflutverfahren oder einem Polymerflutverfahren für eine forcierte Erdölförderungsmaßnahme
ist.
8. Verfahren zum Stabilisieren von Lehm während des Frackings eines unterirdischen Reservoirs,
wobei das Verfahren das Hinzugeben einer wirksamen Menge der Zusammensetzung nach
Anspruch 1 in ein Fracking-Fluid umfasst, das in das unterirdische Reservoir eingeführt
wird.
1. Composition de désémulsifiant permettant de dissoudre une émulsion aqueuse externe
d'eau et d'huile, la composition comprenant une quantité efficace d'au moins une polyépihalohydrine,
l'au moins une polyépihalohydrine présentant la structure suivante :
dans laquelle y1 est compris entre 2 et 20 ;
dans laquelle y2 est compris entre 2 et 20 ; et
dans laquelle y3 est compris entre 2 et 20.
2. Composition de désémulsifiant selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'au moins une
polyépihalohydrine est présente entre des traces et 100 % en poids.
3. Composition de désémulsifiant selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre au moins
un solvant.
4. Procédé de résolution d'une émulsion d'eau et d'huile, le procédé comprenant l'ajout
d'une quantité suffisante de composition de désémulsifiant de la revendication 1.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'huile est choisie dans l'ensemble
constitué de : pétrole brut, pétrole raffiné, bitume, condensat, produits hors spécification,
distillats, combustibles, saumures et leurs mélanges.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, comprenant en outre de 1 à 5 000 ppm de ladite composition
en fonction des matières actives et du volume total d'émulsion.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'émulsion est une émulsion produite
à partir d'un polymère d'alcalin et de tensioactif ou de flux de récupération d'huile
amélioré par un polymère tensioactif.
8. Procédé de stabilisation d'argiles lors de la fabrication d'un réservoir souterrain,
le procédé comprenant l'ajout d'une quantité efficace de la composition de la revendication
1 dans un fluide de fracturation introduit dans le réservoir souterrain.