STEPPED ROTATING GRATE FOR SOLID FUEL BURNERS OR GASIFIERS

Description

DESCRIPTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a grate for solid fuel burners or gasifiers according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] In particular the grate comprises a solid fuel inlet portion, a deposit portion for the deposit of ashes and char produced by the pyrolysis/gasification of the solid fuel and an outlet portion for said ashes.

[0003] The configuration just described is the common configuration of a grate for solid fuel gasifiers or burners, particularly for biomass gasifiers.

[0004] Solid fuel gasifiers known in prior art are composed of an outer body delimiting a combustion chamber, providing at least one grate where the combustible material is placed, which is inserted through an inlet portion provided under the grate.

[0005] Gasifiers known in prior art further provide an outlet port of the combustion chamber for discharging the obtained gases, as well as members for feeding primary air intended to feed air inside the combustion chamber under the grate, so called primary air.

[0006] Moreover gasifiers known in prior art provide means for feeding air above the grate for the combustion of pyrolysis gases, of tar and part of the char of the pile, so called secondary air, as well as means for feeding air in the post-combustion portion, so called tertiary air.

[0007] It is specified that in prior art known gasifiers a pile is created, that is a store of biomass inside the system above the grate. The pile is always subjected to pyrolysis and pyrolysis produces gaseous products, gas and tar, and solid products, char.

[0008] Such products are exothermic and help the gasification and under proper thermo-chemical conditions gasification takes place.

[0009] Therefore the first products are char and gaseous products: the former continue to burn inside the pile, the latter burn in the top portion of the combustion chamber creating a flame generating the energy necessary for the gasification.

[0010] Inside the pile the resulting ash and the char tend to move towards the bottom.

[0011] Therefore fuel introduced inside the combustion chamber is subjected to pyrolysis/gasification process to obtain gases of interest.

[0012] Such process forms, as described, char and waste ashes, the latter deriving partially also from the progressive combustion thereof throughout the radial development of the grate.

[0013] Both char and ashes have to be removed such to prevent the grate and the combustion chamber from being clogged, since such clogging decreases the efficiency of the pyrolysis/gasification process, resulting in the decrease of the quality and amount of the product of interest.

[0014] Moreover, as it will be described below, it is important for the char to continue to burn such to provide the energy necessary for the system and such to remove the unburned components inside the waste material.

[0015] Therefore the removal of ashes and char is a very important aspect for optimizing biomass pyrolysis/gasification process.

[0016] Therefore the aim is to provide a grate moving the ash and completing the char combustion while moving the residues towards the peripheral parts of the system where the discharge takes place.

[0017] In order to overcome such drawback, gasifiers known in prior art have types of grate intended to facilitate the removal of ashes.

[0018] A first example is a movable compartment grate, namely a grate providing a kind of trapdoors that open and discharge the ashes under the grate in a discharge region.

[0019] As an alternative gasifiers known in prior art provide a grate mounted on shaking supports, which, once operated, shake the grate such that ashes are pushed outside the grate, towards a discharge region.

[0020] In addition to difficulties related to the implementation, such solutions do not consider another important factor, since not only ash removal is important, but also the time spent for the combustion of char and the time spent for removing ashes are important.

[0021] It is important for discharged ashes to be completely spent, without the presence of unburned products, present in the char, that affect both the quality of the pyrolysis/gasification process and the pollution generated by waste products.

[0022] The need of increasingly exploiting waste material therefore requires prior art known grates to be re-designed for being able to handle the process for materials that are deeply non-homogeneous and having impurities in the composition (presence of low-melting compounds, high humidity, low thermal value..) .

[0023] In order to optimize the process it is necessary for the fuel to have a path and a sufficient residence time inside the combustion chamber such to obtain only ash free from unburned components in the discharge areas.

[0024] A possible solution is disclosed in document EP0708902 which describes a grate comprising stationary and rotating grate sections. The grate is preferably fitted in a combustion chamber of circular horizontal cross section. According to document EP0708902, the stationary grate section comprises at least two stationary grate frames and the rotating grate section comprises at least one rotating grate frame, the grate frames being arranged in a concentric, stepped manner close to one another, partly overlapping one another, so that the innermost grate frame is the uppermost with respect to the other grate frames. The number of grate frames is odd and they are arranged so that every second grate frame is a stationary one and every second one is a rotating grate frame. The innermost and outermost grate frames are stationary grate frames. The rotating grate frames are installed eccentrically with respect to the stationary grate frames, resulting in a lateral movement with respect to the stationary grate frames being combined with their rotating movement.

[0025] In respect of the above mentioned document, the present invention describes a grate according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

[0026] Thus a system is generated for the automatic removal of ashes and for char combustion allowing the fuel to be optimally burned/gasified. The removal of the ashes prevents the combustion chamber from being clogged and low-melting compounds from being formed that can create problems to the operation of the burner.

[0027] The grate of the present invention helps the pyrolysis/gasification process inside gasifiers such to facilitate the combustion of syngas that is formed and of carbon residues, usually called as char and tar, in the same combustion chamber.

[0028] The grate of the present invention, in addition to provide an advanced system for the removal of ashes and combustion of char for burners/gasifiers, allows ashes to be discharged throughout areas intended for the discharge such to optimize the removal thereof.

[0029] A further advantage of the grate of the present invention is to allow the input fuel to pyrolyse and to gasify such that the grate can burn char and residual ashes from the pyrolysis/gasification process therefore providing the energy amount necessary for triggering the process.

[0030] Accordingly the grate of the present invention allows char combustion to be completed and residual ashes to be discharged.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment the movable annular element is placed in proximity to the inlet portion, while the fixed annular element is placed in proximity to the outlet portion.

[0032] As it will be noted in the description of some embodiments, ashes depositing near the inlet portion are pushed by the movable annular element towards the outlet portion.

[0033] Moreover advantageously in order to make possible the pyrolysis/gasification process the movable annular element and/or the fixed annular element have holes for allowing primary air to pass inside the burner/gasifier, in particular inside the combustion chamber.

[0034] The deposit portion is composed of at least two annular elements surrounding the inlet portion, of which a movable annular element and a fixed annular element, supported by a movable tubular element and a fixed tubular element respectively, arranged one inside the other and with their longitudinal axes parallel, such that the movable tubular element rotates around its longitudinal axis.

[0035] Moreover the movable annular element rotates in an eccentric way with respect to the fixed annular element.

[0036] According to a first solution, but not in accordance with the invention, it is possible to place the movable tubular element in an eccentric manner with respect to the fixed tubular element, such that both the movable annular element and the tubular element move in an eccentric manner with respect to the fixed elements.

[0037] According to the invention, the movable annular element is fastened in an eccentric manner to the movable tubular element, such that the longitudinal axes of the movable tubular element and of the fixed tubular element are coincident.

[0038] Unlike grates known in prior art such as for instance the grate according to documents EP0708902 and CH226199, such configuration allows different advantages to be obtained, both as regards the constructional point of view and as regards the efficiency of the grate, that will be shown below.

[0039] A first particularly advantageous aspect is the fact that the grate of the present invention can be made with reduced dimensions since it develops on the inside the whole system, having on the outside only the mechanisms for moving the movable tubular element or elements.

[0040] The reduced dimensions of the grate allow it to be installed also in plants that develop limited powers, also lower than 2 MW thermal power.

[0041] Grates known in prior art, such as for instance the grate described in document EP0708902, need larger spaces since they have movement mechanisms installed between fixed and movable tubular elements.

[0042] This causes prior art known grates to be developed in wideness, preferring a combustion process with a homogeneous distribution of the combustion bed.

[0043] In the grate according to the present invention on the contrary the biomass is distributed according to a pile arrangement and the grate acts for moving such pile. It results that the reduced dimensions help pyrolysis and gasification process.

[0044] Moreover it results in a greater overlapping of the movable annular element on the fixed annular element, guaranteeing the whole system to be more clean and more efficient.

[0045] According to an improvement the deposit portion is composed of a plurality of movable annular elements and of fixed annular elements arranged alternating with each other.

[0046] Moreover the movable and fixed annular elements have diameters that increase as they get farther from the inlet portion and are arranged one above the other one, such that the annular element with the smaller diameter is placed in the highest point and the one with the larger diameter is placed in the lowest point.

[0047] Thus the rotation of the movable annular elements causes areas to be overlapped such that ashes and char are pushed outwardly. The movement leads to a continuous cleaning of the portions where the fuel is provided with a consequent continuous fall of the fuel, that is char, and ashes towards the peripheral and lowest areas.

[0048] As mentioned above the char in such path continues the combustion/pyrolysis process in order to provide energy to the gasification process.

[0049] It is clear how the reduction of the dimensions described above has clear advantages also in the case when there is a plurality of movable elements and fixed elements.

[0050] In addition to the advantages described above, a more easy maintenance is obtained, by the possibility of removing the individual components of the grate, as well as an assembling easiness, with no need of fastening and/or welding parts, but by means of simple snap actions.

[0051] Moreover the reduced spaces between tubular elements allow ash to be handled better, by insufflating interstitial air, that will be described below.

[0052] This leads to more rapid cooling, and to the possibility of handling at best the possible perforation of the grate, nearly as it was a fixed grate.

[0053] As it will be more clear from the description of some embodiments, the particular described configuration of the different components of the grate of the present invention allows the components to be made also by a melting process.

[0054] According to a variant embodiment each annular element in its peripheral portion has a thickness greater than the remaining part.

[0055] According to an example the peripheral portion with greater thickness of each annular element is in contact with the preceding and following annular element.

[0056] It is clear how such configuration allows friction of movable annular elements on fixed annular elements and vice versa to be optimized, while keeping the action cleaning the fixed and movable annular elements.

[0057] In order to further limit the friction it is possible to provide a particular shape of the profile of the end part of greater thickness.

[0058] For example it is possible to provide a profile of such portion having a half-sphere shape, such that only the minimum point of the half-sphere is in contact with the preceding and following annular element.

[0059] As an alternative it is possible to provide the end portion of greater thickness not to be in contact with the preceding or following element, but to provide a gap portion between the part of greater thickness and the preceding and following annular element.

[0060] In this case, it is possible to provide to deviate the flow of primary air introduced inside the combustion chamber, such that a part of the primary air is introduced into the combustion chamber and such that the remaining part of it is deviated towards the gap portion between one and another annular element.

[0061] The flow of deviated primary air allows the depositing ashes and char to be pushed towards the outermost annular elements, such to facilitate them to be exhausted and discharged.

[0062] Such configuration, that is the deviation of the stream of primary air, can be provided also in combination with the variant embodiment that provides the portion of greater thickness of the annular element to be in contact with the preceding or following element.

[0063] In this case it is possible to provide a groove obtained in the end part of greater thickness such to allow the flow of deviated primary air to pass.

[0064] Advantageously the annular element with the greater diameter is a fixed annular element, having at least one discharge hole to allow ashes to pass to the outlet portion.

[0065] The ashes free of the unburned materials are pushed towards the annular element with the larger diameter and from that annular element the ashes fall into the outlet portion by the presence of the hole.

[0066] As set forth ashes and char by passing from the inlet portion to the outlet portion, during the passage from one to another annular element, completely burn, generating the energy necessary for the pyrolysis/gasification process and eliminating all the unburned products resulting from the pyrolysis/gasification process.

[0067] Due to the advantages related to the grate, the present invention also relates to a solid fuel gasifier comprising an outer body delimiting a combustion chamber, which combustion chamber provides at least one grate where the combustible material is placed.

[0068] The gasifier provides at least one inlet compartment for the combustible material provided under the grate, as well as an outlet port of the combustion chamber for exhausting the obtained gases.

[0069] There are further provided members for feeding primary air intended to feed air inside the combustion chamber under the grate.

[0070] In particular the gasifier of the present invention provides a grate according to the invention having the characteristics described above.

[0071] These and other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more clear from the following description of some embodiments shown in the annexed drawings wherein:

Figs. 1a, 1b and 1c are three views of a first embodiment of the grate of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a section of the grate of the present invention according to the embodiment of figures 1a, 1b and 1c;

Figs. 3a to 3c are three sections of the gasifier of the present invention providing to use the grate of the previous figures;

Figs. 4a to 4d are some views of the mechanism moving the movable elements belonging to the grate of the present invention.

[0072] It is specified that the annexed figures in the present patent application are shown in order to better specify and understand the advantages and characteristics of the grate of the present invention.

[0073] Therefore such embodiments have to be intended for explanatory purposes and not as a limitation to the inventive concept of the present invention, that is to provide a grate for solid fuel gasifiers allowing ashes and char to be properly discharged and char to be completely burned, intended to eliminate the presence of unburned components inside waste products.

[0074] The present invention relates to a grate for solid fuel burners or gasifiers comprising a solid fuel inlet portion, a deposit portion for ashes and char obtained by pyrolysis/gasification of solid fuel and an ash outlet portion.

[0075] The inventive concept of the present invention provides the deposit portion to comprise at least two parts, of which a movable annular element and a fixed annular element, such that the movable annular element has a relative displacement with respect to the fixed annular element and to the inlet portion.

[0076] Moreover the movable annular element overlaps at least partially the fixed annular element, such to push ashes and char towards the outlet portion.

[0077] As it will be seen in embodiments below, such movement allows not only ashes to be pushed towards the outlet portion, but also the movable annular element and the fixed annular element to be cleaned.

[0078] Regardless of the embodiment, the movable annular element is preferably placed in proximity to the inlet portion, while the fixed annular element is placed in proximity to the outlet portion.

[0079] Moreover preferably the movable annular element and/or the fixed annular element have holes to allow primary air to pass inside the burner/gasifier.

[0080] Figure 3a shows an embodiment of the grate inserted within a gasifier.

[0081] Particularly the grate has an inlet portion 1 through which the combustible material is fed inside the combustion chamber 4, and by the provision of a feeding auger 41.

[0082] The solid fuel inside the combustion chamber is subjected to pyrolysis/gasification process and the product of such process is collected through the outlet port 5.

[0083] Moreover such process produces waste material, namely ashes and char, that again are deposited on the grate, particularly on the area surrounding the inlet portion 1, that is the deposit portion 2.

[0084] Particularly the feeding auger 41 feeds the grate, namely the inlet portion 1, in a symmetric manner. The grate of the present invention allows solid products, i.e. waste products, of the process to be homogeneously fed towards the peripheral and circumferential part of the system.

[0085] Ashes are moved in the outlet portion 3 through the deposit portion 2, by processes that will be described below.

[0086] The outlet portion 3 is not shown in details, but it can be made in any manner known in prior art.

[0087] Figures 1a to 3 show a first embodiment of the grate of the present invention, particularly of the deposit portion 2.

[0088] According to such embodiment the deposit portion 2 is composed of at least two annular elements 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 surrounding the inlet portion 1, of which a movable annular element 21, 23 and 25 and a fixed annular element 22, 24 and 26.

[0089] Each movable annular element and each fixed annular element is supported by a movable tubular element and a fixed tubular element respectively, denoted for illustrative purposes by numeral 27, arranged one inside the other and with their longitudinal axes parallel, such that the movable tubular element 21, 23 and 25 rotates about its own longitudinal axis.

[0090] Moreover the movable annular element 21, 23 and 25 rotates eccentrically with respect to the fixed annular element 22, 24 and 26, see figure 1b.

[0091] With a particular reference to figures 1a to 2 and according to the invention, the supporting tubular elements 27 are inserted one inside the other with their longitudinal axes as coincident and the movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 to be fastened so as to be eccentric with respect to the fixed annular elements 22, 24 and 26.

[0092] Particularly the grate of the present invention has a symmetric movement system/mechanism, namely the tubular elements 27: the movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 are eccentric with respect to the movable tubular elements 27, while the fixed annular elements 22, 24 and 26 are concentric with respect to the fixed tubular elements.

[0093] According to the embodiment shown in figures 1a to 3c, the deposit portion 2 is composed of a plurality of movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 and of fixed annular elements 22, 24 and 26 arranged alternating with each other.

[0094] The movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 and the fixed ones 22, 24 and 26 have diameters that increase as they get farther from the inlet portion 1 and are arranged one above the other one, such that the annular element 21 with the smaller diameter is placed in the highest point and the one 26 with the larger diameter is placed in the lowest point.

[0095] Such arrangement is particularly evident in figure 2, wherein each movable annular element 21, 23 and 25 is placed above a fixed annular element 22, 24 and 26.

[0096] The movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 are eccentric with respect to the tubular elements to which they are fastened while the fixed annular elements 22, 24 and 26 are centered.

[0097] Preferably the first annular element 21 is movable and the other odd rings 23 and 25 as well.

[0098] As said above, in order to transmit the movement the concentric tubular elements 27 are used to which rotating mechanisms are connected, such as for example wheels on rails and rods that is pistons that act on gear wheels connected to "spokes" welded on the rotating tubular element.

[0099] According to the embodiment shown in figures 1 to 3, the movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 are connected through the movable tubular elements to rail-like profile beam spokes resting on supporting wheels. Rotation is transmitted through pairs of pistons arranged at 180° resting, by pairs, on a gear wheel obtained from the "movable" beam spokes.

[0100] The fixed annular elements 22, 24 and 26 are connected to a fixed structure with the rest of the burner/gasifier system, for example through fixed concentric tubes that are connected to beam spokes.

[0101] Figure 3b shows a possible preferred embodiment of the system moving the supporting tubular elements 27.

[0102] Such embodiment is shown in details in figures 4a to 4d.

[0103] According to such embodiment, each movable supporting element 27 is fastened to a gear wheel 271 engaging a central pinion 272: the central pinion 272 is fastened to a fixed structure and the movement of each central pinion 272 causes the movable supporting elements 27 to rotate.

[0104] It is clear how such arrangement allows dimensions of the grate to be minimized, by moving the mechanisms moving the tubular elements 27 in the lower part of the grate, such that the tubular elements 27 can be inserted one inside the other while taking as less space as possible.

[0105] As an alternative to such solution, figure 3c shows a possible embodiment of the system moving the supporting tubular elements.

[0106] According to such embodiment each movable tubular supporting element 27 has supporting wheels 273 that provide the motion to be transmitted by means of pistons 274 coupled at 180° for each movable tubular supporting element.

[0107] Regardless of the movement, ashes are deposited in the area surrounding the inlet portion 1, in particular on the first annular elements 21, 22 and 23.

[0108] The eccentric rotation of the movable annular elements 21, 23 and 25 pushes ashes downwards and contemporaneously cleans the surface of the annular elements 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26.

[0109] Accordingly ashes move from the top, annular element 21, to the bottom, annular element 26, then to be discharged while completing their combustion.

[0110] Advantageously such as shown in figure 1b, the annular element 26 with the larger diameter is a fixed annular element and it has at least one discharge hole 261 for allowing ashes to pass to the outlet portion 3.

[0111] Particularly the annular element 26 is equipped with circular or shaped holes 261 placed at 45° to allow ashes to fall down.

[0112] Finally such as shown by the detail of figure 1c, each annular element 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 in its peripheral part has a thickness greater than the remaining part, such that only the peripheral part of each annular element 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 is in contact with the preceding and following annular element.

Claims

1. Grate for solid fuel burners or gasifiers comprising a solid fuel inlet portion (1), a deposit portion (2) for the deposit of ashes and char produced by the pyrolysis or gasification of the solid fuel and an outlet portion (3) for said ashes,
the deposit portion (2) being composed of at least two annular elements (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) surrounding said inlet portion (1), of which a movable annular element (21, 23, 25) and a fixed annular element (22, 24, 26), in such a way that the movable annular element (21, 23, 25) presents a relative displacement with respect to the fixed annular element (22, 24, 26) and with respect to the inlet portion (1),
the movable annular element (21, 23, 25) overlapping at least in part the fixed annular element (22, 24, 26), in such a way to push said ashes and char towards the outlet portion (3),
the at least two annular elements (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) surrounding said inlet portion (1) being supported by a movable tubular element and by a fixed tubular element respectively, arranged one inside the other and with their longitudinal axes parallel, such that said movable tubular element rotates around its longitudinal axis,
the longitudinal axes of the movable tubular element and of the fixed tubular element being coincident, characterized in that
said movable annular element (21, 23, 25) rotating in an eccentric way with respect to the fixed annular element (22, 24, 26),
the movable annular element (21, 23, 25) being fastened in an eccentric manner to the movable tubular element.

2. Grate according to claim 1, wherein said movable annular element (21, 23, 25) is placed in proximity to the inlet portion (1), while said fixed annular element (22, 24, 26) is placed in proximity to the outlet portion (1).

3. Grate according to claim 1, wherein the movable annular element (21, 23, 25) and/or the fixed annular element (22, 24, 26) have holes to allow primary air to pass inside the burner/gasifier.

4. Grate according to claim 1, wherein said deposit portion (2) is composed of a plurality of movable annular elements (21, 23, 25) and of fixed annular elements (22, 24, 26) arranged alternating with each other, which movable (21, 23, 25) and fixed (22, 24, 26) annular elements have diameters increasing as they get farther from said inlet portion (1),
the annular elements (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) being arranged one above the other, in such a way that the annular element with a smaller diameter (21) is positioned at the highest point and the one with the larger diameter (26) is positioned at the lowest point.

5. Grate according to claim 1, wherein each annular element (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in its peripheral portion has a thickness greater than the remaining part.

6. Grate according to claim 4, wherein the annular element of larger diameter (26) is a fixed annular element, which annular fixed element (26) has at least one discharge hole (261) to allow ashes to pass to the outlet portion.

7. Solid fuel gasifier comprising an outer body delimiting a combustion chamber (4), which combustion chamber (4) provides at least one grate where the combustible material is placed, at least one combustible material inlet compartment (41) provided under the grate,
there being provided at least one outlet port (5) of said combustion chamber (4) for exhausting the obtained gases,
primary air feeding members being provided intended to feed air inside the combustion chamber (4) under the grate, wherein said grate is made according to one or more of the characteristics of the claims 1 to 6.

Ansprüche

1. Rost für Festbrennstoffbrenner oder -vergaser, das einen Festbrennstoffeinlassabschnitt (1), einen Ablagerungsabschnitt (2) für die Ablagerung von Asche und Holzkohle, die durch die Pyrolyse oder Vergasung des Festbrennstoffs produziert werden, und einen Auslassabschnitt (3) für die Asche umfasst,
wobei der Ablagerungsabschnitt (2) aus mindestens zwei ringförmigen Elementen (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) besteht, von denen ein bewegbares ringförmiges Element (21, 23, 25) und ein festes ringförmiges Element (22, 24, 26), die den Einlassabschnitt (1) in einer derartigen Weise umgeben, dass das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) einen relativen Versatz mit Bezug auf das feste ringförmige Element (22, 24, 26) und mit Bezug auf den Einlassabschnitt (1) präsentiert,
wobei das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) mindestens teilweise das feste ringförmige Element (22, 24, 26) in einer derartigen Weise überlappt, dass die Asche und die Holzkohle zum Auslassabschnitt (3) geschoben werden,
wobei die mindestens zwei ringförmigen Elemente (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), die den Einlassabschnitt (1) umgeben, von einem bewegbaren Rohrelement bzw. von einem festen Rohrelement gestützt werden, die eines im anderen und derart angeordnet sind, dass ihre Längsachsen parallel verlaufen, derart, dass sich das bewegbare Rohrelement um seine Längsachse dreht,
die Längsachsen des bewegbaren Rohrelements und des festen Rohrelements einander decken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) mit Bezug auf das feste rohrförmige Element (22, 24, 26) in einer exzentrischen Weise dreht,
das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) in einer exzentrischen Weise am bewegbaren Rohrelement befestigt ist.

2. Rost nach Anspruch 1, wobei das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) in Proximität zum Einlassabschnitt (1) platziert ist, während das feste ringförmige Element (22, 24, 26) in Proximität zum Auslassabschnitt (1) platziert ist.

3. Rost nach Anspruch 1, wobei das bewegbare ringförmige Element (21, 23, 25) und/oder das feste ringförmige Element (22, 24, 26) Löcher aufweisen, um es zu erlauben, dass Primärluft in den Brenner/Vergaser geleitet werden kann.

4. Rost nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ablagerungsabschnitt (2) aus einer Vielzahl von bewegbaren ringförmigen Elementen (21, 23, 25) und von festen ringförmigen Elementen (22, 24, 26), die abwechselnd zueinander angeordnet sind, besteht, wobei die bewegbaren (21, 23, 25) und die festen (22, 24, 26) ringförmigen Elemente Durchmesser aufweisen, die sich vergrößern, wenn sie sich vom Einlassabschnitt (1) entfernen,
wobei die ringförmigen Elemente (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in einer derartigen Weise eines über dem anderen angeordnet sind, dass das ringförmige Element mit einem kleineren Durchmesser (21) am höchsten Punkt positioniert ist und das mit dem größeren Durchmesser (26) am niedrigsten Punkt positioniert ist.

5. Rost nach Anspruch 1, wobei jedes ringförmige Element (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in seinem Umfangsabschnitt eine Dicke aufweist, die größer ist als der verbleibende Teil.

6. Grate according to claim 4, wherein the annular element of larger diameter (26) is a fixed annular element, which annular fixed element (26) has at least one discharge hole (261) to allow ashes to pass to the outlet portion.

7. Festbrennstoffvergaser, der einen äußeren Körper umfasst, der eine Brennkammer (4) begrenzt, wobei die Brennkammer (4) mindestens einen Rost bereitstellt, in denen das brennbare Material platziert wird, wobei unter dem Rost mindestens ein Einlassfach (41) für brennbares Material bereitgestellt ist,
wobei mindestens ein Auslassanschluss (5) der Brennkammer (4) zum Abführen der erhaltenen Gase bereitgestellt ist,
wobei Primärluftzufuhrkomponenten bereitgestellt sind, über die der Brennkammer (4) Luft unter dem Rost zugeführt werden soll, wobei der Rost nach einer oder mehreren der Eigenschaften der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 aufgebaut ist.

Revendications

1. Grille pour brûleurs à combustible solide ou gazéificateurs comprenant une portion d'entrée (1) du combustible solide, une portion de dépôt (2) pour le dépôt des cendres et du charbon produit par la pyrolyse ou la gazéification du combustible solide et une portion de sortie (3) pour lesdites cendres,
la portion de dépôt (2) étant composée d'au moins deux éléments annulaires (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) entourant ladite portion d'entrée (1), dont un élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) et un élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26), de telle sorte que l'élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) présente un déplacement relatif par rapport à l'élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26) et par rapport à la portion d'entrée (1),
l'élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) se superposant au moins en partie à l'élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26), de manière à pousser lesdites cendres et ledit charbon vers la portion de sortie (3),
les au moins deux éléments annulaires (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) entourant ladite portion d'entrée (1) étant supportés respectivement par un élément tubulaire mobile et par un élément tubulaire fixe, disposés l'un à l'intérieur de l'autre et avec leurs axes longitudinaux parallèles, tels que ledit élément tubulaire mobile tourne autour de son axe longitudinal,
les axes longitudinaux de l'élément tubulaire mobile et de l'élément tubulaire fixe étant coïncidents, caractérisée en ce que ledit élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) tourne de manière excentrique par rapport à l'élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26),
l'élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) étant fixé de manière excentrique à l'élément tubulaire mobile.

2. Grille selon la revendication 1, où ledit élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) est placé à proximité de la portion d'entrée (1), tandis que ledit élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26) est placé à proximité de la portion de sortie (1).

3. Grille selon la revendication 1, où l'élément annulaire mobile (21, 23, 25) et/ou l'élément annulaire fixe (22, 24, 26) ont des trous pour permettre à l'air primaire de passer à l'intérieur du brûleur/gazéifieur.

4. Grille selon la revendication 1, où ladite portion de dépôt (2) est composée d'une pluralité d'éléments annulaires mobiles (21, 23, 25) et d'éléments annulaires fixes (22, 24, 26) disposés en alternance les uns avec les autres, lesquels éléments annulaires mobiles (21, 23, 25) et fixes (22, 24, 26) ont des diamètres qui augmentent à mesure qu'ils s'éloignent de ladite portion d'entrée (1),
les éléments annulaires (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) étant disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre, de telle sorte que l'élément annulaire avec un diamètre plus petit (21) soit positionné au point le plus haut et celui avec le diamètre plus grand (26) soit positionné au point le plus bas.

5. Grille selon la revendication 1, où chaque élément annulaire (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) dans sa portion périphérique a une épaisseur supérieure à la partie restante.

6. Grille selon la revendication 4, où l'élément annulaire de diamètre plus grand (26) est un élément annulaire fixe, lequel élément annulaire fixe (26) a au moins un trou de déchargement (261) pour permettre aux cendres de passer à la portion de sortie.

7. Gazéificateur à combustible solide comprenant un corps extérieur délimitant une chambre de combustion (4) laquelle chambre de combustion (4) fournit au moins une grille où est placé le matériau combustible, au moins un compartiment d'entrée (41) du matériau combustible fourni sous la grille,
où on est fourni au moins un orifice de sortie (5) de ladite chambre de combustion (4) pour évacuer les gaz obtenus,
des organes d'alimentation d'air primaire étant fournis pour alimenter de l'air à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion (4) sous la grille, où ladite grille est réalisée selon une ou plusieurs caractéristiques des revendications de 1 à 6.

Drawing